Abstract: A method of orchestrated shuffling of data in a non-uniform memory access device including a plurality of processing nodes that connected by interconnects. The method includes running an application on a plurality of threads executing on the plurality of processing nodes. Data to be shuffled is identified from source threads running on source processing nodes among the processing nodes to target threads executing on target processing nodes among the processing nodes. The method further includes generating a plan for orchestrating the shuffling of the data among the all of the memory devices associated with the threads and for simultaneously transmitting data over different interconnects to a plurality of different target processing nodes from a plurality of different source processing nodes. The data is shuffled among all of the memory devices based on the plan and each processing node is capable of accessing data from first and second local memory devices.

Abstract: Described is a system (and technique) to determine an appropriate path to a storage device and scheduling a data transfer by taking into consideration bandwidth, device performance, and the nature of the transfer. The system may use an efficient implementation to reduce overhead when making such a determination by utilizing a reservation table and selecting a dispatch that is efficient for a particular data transfer. For example, the system may determine a first-fit and a future-fit scheduling for an I/O request for each path to a storage device. The system may determine completion times for each of the types of scheduling for each of the paths, and accordingly, select the path and schedule with the earliest completion time.

Abstract: The time required for recalling the file is reduced when the file is written in a mounted plurality of tapes in comparison to recalling the file when written in a non-mounted plurality of tapes. In the non-mounted state, criteria does not typically exist in order to recall the written file within the plurality of tapes. Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for recalling files based on criteria which considers: the mounted state of a tape; the type of tape; the type of available tape drive; the number of files included in a tape; and the location of the written file in a tape.

Abstract: A state machine engine includes a state vector system. The state vector system includes an input buffer configured to receive state vector data from a restore buffer and to provide state vector data to a state machine lattice. The state vector system also includes an output buffer configured to receive state vector data from the state machine lattice and to provide state vector data to a save buffer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a management system for managing a memory device having sub-chips each having a container area and a data area. A CPU selects a target sub-chip according to respective temperature of the sub-chips. When the CPU intends to access a first original data in one of the data areas, a hot date tracking device acquires a first original address of the first original data from the CPU. When the first original address is recorded in one of a plurality of tracking layers, the CPU is indicated to access a first copied data corresponding to the first original data in the container area of the target sub-chip according to a current tracking layer recording the first original address. When the first original address is not recorded in the tracking layers, the CPU accesses the first original data in the data area according to the first original address.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a nonvolatile memory device comprising K memory blocks; and a controller suitable for controlling an operation of the nonvolatile memory device. The controller may include: a counting management unit suitable for using K count codes capable of counting a preset range from a base value to a limit value in order to manage K counting values corresponding to predetermined operations of the K memory blocks, respectively, and adjusting the absolute values of the base value and the limit value using the count code in the form of a 1/N-chain depending on a distribution of the K counting values; and a wear-leveling operation unit suitable for performing a wear-leveling operation on the K memory blocks such that the K counting values are distributed in a section of values corresponding to 1/N of the preset range, the count code may be a J-based number, each of J and K may be a natural number larger than 2, and N may be any one of powers of J larger than 1.

Abstract: Data to store at a storage system is received. The storage system includes data blocks and the plurality of blocks that include a first region corresponding to a first storage density and a second region corresponding to a second storage density that is less dense than the first storage density. The data is stored at the first region of the plurality of data blocks that corresponds to the first storage density. A write attribute related to storing the data at the first region of the plurality of data blocks is determined. Thereupon, the write attribute related to storing the data at the first region is stored in the second region of the plurality of data blocks that corresponds to the second storage density.

Abstract: The nonvolatile memory module includes at least one nonvolatile memory, and a device controller including a RAM to store data exchanged between a host and the at least one nonvolatile memory and a DIMM controller to control data exchange between the RAM and the at least one nonvolatile memory. An allocation for an access area at an access to the RAM is performed during a write transaction in which data is recorded at the RAM and is released during a read transaction of the recorded data.

Abstract: A method for responding to a command sequence includes receiving a signal from a host carrying a plurality of commands in the command sequence, detecting a non-consecutive clock associated with a start of a current command in the command sequence, and generating a control signal in an active state to indicate detection of the non-consecutive clock.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more systems, method, and/or processes may store first data associated with a virtual non-volatile dual in-line memory module (vNVDIMM) of a virtual machine (VM) via a portion of storage of a first physical memory medium of a physical information handling system (IHS); may receive a request for a size increase of the vNVDIMM; may allocate, based at least on the size increase, another portion of storage from the first physical memory medium or from a second physical memory medium of the physical IHS; may create another vNVDIMM configured to accommodate the size increase and configured to store data via the portion of storage and the other portion of storage; and may provide information associated with the other vNVDIMM to the VM.

Abstract: Applying a rate limit across a plurality of storage systems, including: determining a rate limit for paired storage systems; receiving, by a first storage system, an amount of I/O operations serviced by the second storage system during a previous predetermined period of time; determining whether the amount of I/O operations serviced by the second storage system is less than half of the rate limit for the paired storage systems; if so, setting local a rate limit for a next predetermined period of time for the first storage system to the difference between the rate limit for the paired storage systems and the amount of I/O operations serviced by the second storage system during the previous predetermined period of time; and otherwise, setting a local rate limit for a next predetermined period of time for the first storage system to half of the rate limit for the paired storage systems.

Abstract: Predictively selecting subset of disks of a storage system to be spun-up, including providing metadata of data entities stored in the disks of the storage system, estimating the data entity access probabilities for a prediction time window based on the metadata, each data entity access probability being indicative for the probability of access to a certain data entity within the prediction time window, calculating disk access probabilities for a prediction time window based on the estimated probability of access of data entities, each disk access probability being indicative for the probability of access to a certain disk within the prediction time window, estimating the number of disks to be spun-up in a certain prediction time window, dynamically adapting the data entity threshold value and/or the disk access threshold value, selecting a subset of disks to be spun-up in the following prediction time window.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring unit memories to implement first and second sets of entries, the second set of which references the first set. The method configures a first pool of unit memories to implement the first set. Each entry in the first set is located at a particular location in at least one of the memories of the first pool. The method configures a second pool of unit memories to implement the second set. Each entry in the second set includes a particular number of bits for indicating (i) an initial first-pool unit memory at which the first-set entry referenced by the second-set entry is found and (ii) a number of subsequent first-pool memories across which the first-set entry is divided. A number of bits required to identify a single first-pool memory is one fewer than the particular number of bits.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are disclosed for optimizing data segments used during inline data deduplication, among other features and functionality. In one embodiment, such functionality includes buffering data received from a node, where an offset value is associated with the data and a segment size is associated with the buffer, until the buffer becomes full or a trigger event occurs. In response to determining that the buffer is full or that a trigger event has occurred, determining whether the offset value is an integer multiple of the segment size. If the offset value is not an integer multiple of the segment size, the functionality generates a modified segment, and then determines whether that modified segment is a duplicate of data stored in a deduplicated data store. If the modified segment is not a duplicate, the modified segment is stored in the deduplicated data store.

Abstract: A chunk-based data deduplication system and method. Incoming data chunk is partitioned into head and tail portions for fingerprinting and mapping into respective head SHA (secure hash algorithm) and tail SHA tables. Head or tail fingerprints are used to locate predecessor data chunks almost identical to incoming data chunks and to determine data bursts to deduplicate the incoming data chunks.

Abstract: Provided is a removable storage system including: a data storage device configured to store a plurality of files including a first file and a second file; a host interface configured to receive, from a host, a pattern matching request including pattern information and file information regarding the plurality of files, and transmit, to the host, a result of pattern matching regarding the plurality of files; and a pattern matching accelerator configured to perform the pattern matching in response to the pattern matching request, wherein the pattern matching accelerator includes a scan engine configured to scan data based on a pattern, and a scheduler configured to control the scan engine to stop scanning the first file and start scanning the second file.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving a request comprising a file segmented into a plurality of segments corresponding to a plurality of storage nodes, identifying a segment from among the plurality of segments which is designated for the storage node from among remaining segments designated for other storage nodes, storing the identified segment in a local storage of the storage node, hashing the identified segment, and transmitting a response to a client system which includes the hashed identified segment.

Abstract: Managing data includes providing at least one logical device that maps sections of the logical device to sections of at least two physical storage areas, where the at least two physical storage areas have different physical storage properties, evaluating characteristics of data associated with at least one of the sections of the logical device, where at least some of the characteristics depend upon predictions as a function of time of future data usage based on past data usage and on heuristic values, and moving the at least one of the sections of the logical device between the at least two storage areas from a first location to a second location according to the characteristics of the data. Each of the at least two physical storage areas may correspond to a different storage tier. Predictions of future data usage may be provided by a state space model.

Abstract: Direct data transfer between devices having a shared bus may be implemented with reduced involvement from a controller associated with the devices. A controller, a source memory device, and a target memory device may be coupled with a shared bus. The controller may identify a source address at the source memory device for data to be transferred to the target memory device. The controller also may identify a target address in the target memory device, and initiate a data transfer directly from the source to the target through a command that is received at both the source and the target memory device. In response to the command, the source memory device may read data out to the bus, and the target memory may read the data from the bus and store the data starting at the target address without further commands from the controller.

Abstract: A storage gateway for managing data includes a persistent storage and a processor. The persistent storage stores a stored data history map. The processor obtains a data storage request for a datum from a client; stores the datum in a first storage based on a quality of storage service requirement associated with the datum; after the datum is stored in the first storage, updates the stored data history map associated with the datum based on the quality of storage service characteristics of the first storage; and after updating the stored data history map, migrates the datum to a second storage based on the quality of storage service requirement and the updated stored data history map.

Abstract: A storage system including a random access memory, a hard disk, a non-volatile memory and a processing circuit is provided. The hard disk includes a media cache. When the processing circuit is to store data in the random access memory to the hard disk, the data in the random access memory are firstly stored to the non-volatile memory. Afterwards, the data in the non-volatile memory are directly written to a number of continuous sectors in the hard disk without being stored in the media cache of the hard disk.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a cache memory module and a NAND flash memory module including a cache memory mirror and a user data storage zone. The cache memory module is connected to the cache memory mirror via a path and electrically connected to the user data storage zone via another path. The cache memory module receives a write command that includes user data from a host, writes a copy of the user data into the user data storage zone in a write-back mode, and writes another copy of the user data cache memory mirror in a write-through mode. If some of the user data are lost from the cache memory module before they are written into the user data storage zone, the user data written in the cache memory mirror are copied and written into the cache memory module when the data storage apparatus is initiated again.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of copying data between open-channel solid state drives (SSDs), the method including transmitting, by a host, a read command to a source SSD, performing, by the source SSD, a read operation on data stored in the source SSD, in response to the read command, specifying, by the source SSD, an address of a data buffer of a destination SSD, in response to the read command, copying, by the source SSD, the stored data to the specified address of the data buffer, and storing, by the destination SSD, the data copied from the source SSD.

Abstract: A system, computer program product, and computer-implemented method for selective restore utilizing a blockchain architecture are provided. Embodiments comprise a controller assigned for selectively copying and reconstructing system data stored on a blockchain, the controller comprising at least one memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon, at least one communication device connected to a network, and at least one processing device. The at least one processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to: establish a connection to a blockchain within a source environment, the blockchain storing system data; selectively clone a section of the blockchain from the source environment; and reconstruct the section of the blockchain in a target environment.

Abstract: A backup and archival policy method, system, and non-transitory computer readable medium, includes performing correlation analytics to determine identification of a backup policy aligned with a criticality of operational data and backup data including identifying low value backup data having a value less than a predetermined low value threshold, creating a one-time archival of the operational data and the backup data including the low value backup data, and removing the low value backup data from a future data protection policy.

Abstract: According to one general aspect, an apparatus may include a memory, an erasure-based, non-volatile memory, and a processor. The memory may be configured to store a mapping table, wherein the mapping table indicates a rewriteable state of a plurality of memory addresses. The erasure-based, non-volatile memory may be configured to store information, at respective memory addresses, in an encoded format. The encoded format may include more bits than the unencoded version of the information and the encoded format may allow the information be over-written, at least once, without an intervening erase operation. The processor may be configured to perform garbage collection based, at least in part upon, the rewriteable state associated with the respective memory addresses.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for processing a chain of a plurality of write requests including a commit wait flag and plurality of write requests, wherein each write request group includes write transactions directed to the storage. A determination is made as to whether the commit wait flag has a first value or a second value. The write requests are processed by requiring a current write request comprising one of the write requests being processed to complete before beginning to write data for a next write request following the current write request in the write request chain in response to the commit wait flag having the first value. The write requests are processed by processing the next write request before completing the current write request in response to the commit wait flag having the second value.

Abstract: A memory device includes first and second bank groups, an internal command generator, and an address input/output circuit. Each of the bank groups includes a plurality of banks. The internal command generator generates and outputs internal commands to a first target bank. The internal commands are generated based on a command from a memory controller for controlling a memory operation of the first target bank. The address input/output (I/O) circuit receive a first address corresponding to the command, selects a storage path of the first address based on whether there is a bubble interval in a data burst operation interval corresponding to the first command, controls output of the first address in accordance with a time point at which each of the internal commands is output. The first address is stored in the address I/O circuit.

Abstract: A clustered storage system in one embodiment comprises a plurality of nodes, with each of at least a subset of the nodes comprising a set of processing modules configured to communicate over one or more networks with corresponding sets of processing modules on other ones of the nodes. In conjunction with a failure of a first instance of a process running on a given one of the nodes and a subsequent restart of a second instance of the process, at least one of the processing modules is to identify at least one transfer buffer command of the first instance of the process, to identify a plurality of logically ordered commands of the first instance of the process, and to provide distinct treatment of the transfer buffer command relative to treatment of the logically ordered commands in a manner that ensures that the restart of the second instance of the process is not delayed to await completion of the transfer buffer command or the logically ordered commands.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a storage unit configured to include a storage area divided into a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory unit configured to temporarily store data inputted/outputted from/to the storage unit, and a controller configured to write data in the storage unit or read the data from the storage unit at a request of a host device, and to determine disturbance risk for each of the plurality of blocks based on a prescribed reference and control a block determined as a disturbance risk block not to be accessed in a read operation when the data is read from the storage unit.

Abstract: A method for performing storage space management, an associated data storage device, and a controller thereof are provided. The method includes: receiving an identify controller command from a host device; in response to the identify controller command, returning a reply to the host device to indicate that a plurality of logical block address (LBA) formats are supported, where the plurality of LBA formats are related to access of a non-volatile (NV) memory, and the plurality of LBA formats include a first LBA format and a second LBA format; receiving a first namespace (NS) management command from the host device; in response to the first NS management command, establishing a first NS adopting the first LBA format; receiving a second NS management command from the host device; and in response to the second NS management command, establishing a second NS adopting the second LBA format.

Abstract: A memory system with a shared buffer architecture for multiple decoders reduces transfer latency and power consumption. Such memory system includes a memory device to generate codewords, and a dynamic memory access (DMA) assembly to receive the generated codewords. A first decoding stage of the system comprises a checksum module and a shared memory buffer, including a memory manager and destination ports, that stores and manages codewords received from the DMA assembly. A second decoding stage of the system comprises a bit-flipping (BF) decoder and a min-sum (MS) decoder, each in communication with the shared memory buffer through a respective one of the destination ports. In managing the codewords stored in the shared memory buffer, the memory manager controls assignment including reassignment of the codewords among the destination ports.

Abstract: A “grain” is a unit of space allocation in a virtual disk. Grains are represented in physical storage only when used, that is, when they contain data. Grains may be located in storage using an in-memory grain-range table. The grain-range table is derived from a grain table in storage. A grain-range table includes entries for the starting grains of incrementing and or decrementing ranges; grain-table entries that do not start a range are omitted in the grain-range table. Accordingly, a grain-range table can serve as a compressed form of a grain table. This compression makes it feasible to store large numbers of grain-range tables in memory in cases where it would not be feasible to store the corresponding grain tables in memory. As a result, one rather than two storage accesses are require per storage access request, resulting in a substantial performance improvement.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method, system, and/or computer program product deletes data from a storage device. One or more processors identify a component sensitivity level of a component, an input sensitivity level of a data input to the component, and an output sensitivity level of a data output from the component, where the data output is stored in a storage device. The processor(s) average the component sensitivity level, the input sensitivity level, and the output sensitivity level to establish a composite sensitivity level, determine a deletion mode for deleting the output data from the storage device based on the composite sensitivity level, and delete the output data from the storage device by utilizing the deletion mode.

Abstract: A storage unit (SU) in a dispersed storage network (DSN) coordinates with affiliated dispersed storage units (SUs) to designate a leader SU among the plurality of SUs and when the SU is designated the leader, receives management information that is associated with the affiliated SUs from at least some of the affiliated SUs. The SU processes the management information from the at least some of the affiliated SUs to determine whether at least one of the affiliated SUs is offline; and based on a determination that the at least one of the SUs of the affiliated SUs is offline, transmits the management information for the affiliated SUs to one or more administrators associated with the DSN.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The method computer program products, and systems can include, for instance: examining information of first through Nth storage volumes and based on the examining providing for each storage volume of the first through Nth storage volumes a predicted storage space savings value, the predicted storage space savings value indicating a predicted terabyte volume of storage space savings producible by performance of data compression of data stored on the storage volume; predicting a per terabyte compression cost savings associated with compressing one or more storage volume of the first through Nth storage volumes, and providing a ranking of storage volumes of the first through Nth storage volumes based on the examining and the predicting; and scheduling a compression of storage volumes of the first through Nth storage volumes based on the ranking of storage volumes of the first through Nth storage volumes.

Abstract: A method begins by a processing module of a dispersed storage network (DSN) receiving a DSN retrieval request regarding a data object and performing a scoring function using properties of the DSN retrieval request and properties of DSN memory of the DSN to produce a storage scoring resultant. The method continues with the processing module identifying a set of primary storage units based on the storage scoring resultant and sending a set of retrieval requests to the set of primary storage units. When a primary storage unit does not provide a favorable response, using the storage scoring resultant to identify an alternative storage unit. When the alternative storage unit is identified, sending a corresponding retrieval request to the alternative storage unit.

Abstract: In an image forming system, an image processing apparatus includes a unit configured to start image generation that is based on received print data, and a unit configured to interrupt, according to receiving a notification concerning a printing instruction during execution of the image generation, the image generation and to transmit, to an image forming apparatus, generated image data and interrupted data including command information about a page whose image data is ungenerated. The image forming apparatus includes a unit configured to accept a printing instruction and to notify the image processing apparatus of the accepted printing instruction, and a unit configured to cause an image acquisition unit to acquire image data about all printing target pages using the interrupted data received from the image processing apparatus and to cause an image forming unit to perform image formation that is based on the image data about all printing target pages.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus includes: a first communication interface configured to perform communication according to a first communication standard; a second communication interface configured to perform communication according to a second communication standard that is different from the first communication standard and that is a wireless communication standard; an image recorder; and a controller. The controller receives image data and first identification information from an image-data output device via the first 02-19 communication interface. The controller broadcasts the received first identification information via the second communication interface.

Abstract: An information processing device has at least one proximity communication device. The information processing device is an apparatus in which information in a storage area in the at least one proximity communication device is capable of being provided for an external apparatus. The information in the storage area is rewritten in accordance with transition of an apparatus state of the information processing device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes at least one memory that stores instructions, and at least one processor to execute the instructions to set a limit of a number of print pages, and receive a print job from an external apparatus. In a case where the received print job is a reserved print job for which a print setting has been made to wait for printing until a print start time specified by a user, a first counter indicating a reserved number of print pages based on the received reserved print job before starting execution of the received reserved print job is updated, and a second counter relating to an upper limit of a number of print pages in accordance with execution of printing based on the received print job is updated. In a case where a new print job is received in a state where a sum of the first counter and the second counter has reached the set limit of the number of print pages, a user is notified of a predetermined error.

Abstract: An information processing system includes one or more information processing apparatuses, a memory, and circuitry. The memory stores application information associating flow information with application configuration information for an application performs, when executed, a series of processes using electronic data. The circuitry receives, from an electronic apparatus connected to the information processing system, a first request including an application identification information identifying the application, transmits an application usage screen to the apparatus, receive a second request including a flow identification information corresponding to the application usage screen in response to execution of the series of processes with the application usage screen displayed with the apparatus, acquires, from the memory, the flow information identified by the flow identification information included in the second request, and executes the series of processes according to the flow information.

Abstract: A print system includes print servers that each store a print job, a management server that manages the print servers, a printer that performs printing of the print job, a print server information storage area that stores print server information, a shared information storage area that stores information of the print job, and a shared data storage area that stores data of the print job. The print servers each include circuitry that receives a job list request from the printer, acquires the information of the print job in a first group of the each of the print servers from the shared information storage area, acquires the information of the print job in a second group different from the first group from at least one of the print servers in the second group, and provides a job list to the printer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit configured to form an image on a print medium based on print data supplied from an information processing apparatus; a first communication interface configured to perform wireless communication with the information processing apparatus by a first communication method in which the number of connectable apparatuses is set; a second communication interface configured to perform wireless communication with the information processing apparatus by a second communication method; and a system controller. The system controller is configured to cause the second communication interface to transmit a notification to the information processing apparatus when the number of apparatuses which are connected by the first communication interface has reached the number of connectable apparatuses, the notification representing that the number of apparatuses which are connected by the first communication interface has reached the number of connectable apparatuses.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to technologies for sensor networks, machine to machine (M2M), machine type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be used in intelligent services based on such technologies (smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, health care, digital educations, retail businesses, securities, disaster network communication, and safety-related services). Provided is a method of controlling, by a relay device, screen sharing between a plurality of terminals, the method includes: receiving a screen image of a first terminal from the first terminal; and transmitting the received screen image to at least one second terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for automatic or adaptive sizing of a customer service agent's co-browsing view of a contact's user interface. According to one embodiment, at least a portion of the agent's interface in which the customers interface is presented can be resized so that the agent's view matches the customer's view, e.g., one-to-one. This sizing of the agent's view may be performed automatically, when the co-browsing view of the customer's interface is first presented to the agent or, according to one embodiment, may be toggled on and off by the agent, e.g., by the agent selecting a button or other control presented in the agent's interface. In this way, embodiments allow the agent to see exactly the same view of the web site as the customer sees in the customer's interface regardless of the device or screen size used by the customer.

Abstract: Systems, devices, apparatuses, components, methods, and techniques for saving media content to a context for later playback are provided. An example media-playback device for identifying and playing media content for a user traveling in a vehicle includes a context detecting device, a context-driven playback engine, and a media playback engine. Contexts are established by parameters that can be detected by a media-playback device. Contexts are situations that are defined by one or more locations, times, events, activities, people, and devices. Media content is saved to the contexts for later playback. The contexts are detected by the context detecting device, the associated media content is identified by the context-driven playback engine, and the media content is automatically played through the media playback engine, without additional input required by the user.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a method and system for receiving, in a bitstream, metadata associated with the audio data, and analyzing the metadata to determine whether a loudness parameter for a first group of audio playback devices are available in the bitstream. Responsive to determining that the parameters are present for the first group, the system uses the parameters and audio data to render audio. Responsive to determining that the loudness parameters are not present for the first group, the system analyzes one or more characteristics of the first group, and determines the parameter based on the one or more characteristics.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus including an estimation section that, when it is determined that a user is able to receive vocal information presentation, estimates a duration for which it is possible to receive the information presentation and an adjustment section that adjusts an amount of information to be presented to the user in accordance with the estimated duration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for configuring a portable communication device are disclosed. The methods include receiving an incoming audio signal, adjusting the incoming signal audio level based on a volume control setting, generating an ultrasonic audio signal having an audio level independent of the volume control setting, mixing the incoming signal with the ultrasonic signal to generate a mixed audio signal, outputting the mixed signal to a remote audio device, receiving a remote audio signal from the remote device, and comparing the remote signal audio level to one or more thresholds to determine whether to output a compensated audio signal to a speaker. The remote signal may be detected by the remote device in response to sound output from the remote device based on the mixed signal, and the compensated signal audio signal may be adjusted based on an estimated loss in loudness associated with the remote signal audio level.