Abstract: A heat pen may be used with an electronic cutting and/or drawing system to enable the electronic cutting and/or drawing system to use heat to define text and/or designs on a substrate. The heat pen may be coupled with a cradle of an electronic cutting and/or drawing system directly or by assembling an adapter with the heat pen. Power may be supplied to the heat pen by electrically coupling the heat pen to an external power supply, such as a power and/or communications port of the electronic cutting and/or drawing system. Electronic heated design systems and methods for modifying substrates using heat are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are shaped articles comprising a monolayer of microspheres partially embedded in its surface. The shaped articles are made via a transfer article (20), which comprises a microsphere monolayer (22) comprising a plurality of microspheres partially embedded in a first major surface of a transfer polymer layer (23), which is disposed on a support layer (21). The transfer article is shaped and a conformable substrate is contacted with the shaped transfer article, transferring the microspheres to the conformable substrate forming a shaped finished article having a surface comprising a monolayer of partially embedded microspheres.

Abstract: A paint tube bib has an upper surface that is a pallette, and an opening therethrough. The underside of the paint tube bib has three prongs that allow the paint tube bib to be disposed atop the neck of a paint tube such that the prong secure the paint tube bib therein. The upper surface serves as a pallette which also protects the neck from paint, and thereby allows a cap to be replaced on the neck when the pallette is removed, so that the neck can be secured in air tight engagement on the neck, thereby protecting the contents of the paint tube. The paint tube bib is preferably very thin, like the acetate of a bubble pack. A first raised ridge surrounds the outer periphery of the upper surface, and a second raised ridge surrounds the opening.

Abstract: A tracing board assembly includes a transparent sheet having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface including a plurality of hooks providing hook-and-loop adhesion. A frame may be secured to a perimeter of the transparent sheet. An original image abuts the second surface of the transparent sheet and visible through the transparent sheet. The original image may include alphanumeric characters corresponding to colors of yarn. A pen having a tubular body has yarn extending through the tubular body. The pen can be used to adhere the yarn to selected areas of the transparent sheet using the original image as a guide.

Abstract: A composite wheel assembly and method of construction thereof is provided. The composite wheel assembly includes a lightweight annular aluminum barrel having an inner surface and an outer surface configured to support a tire thereon. A lightweight metal central hub assembly is fixed to the barrel. The metal central hub assembly includes a central hub portion and plurality of support spokes extending outwardly from the central hub portion to free ends, wherein the free ends are fixed to the inner surface of the aluminum barrel. A wheel cladding contrasting in at least one of material type, color, texture and surface finish to an outwardly facing surface the central hub assembly is fixed to the outwardly facing surface of the central hub assembly.

Abstract: A wheel hub is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation during operation, and includes a brake disk abutment surface against which a brake disk bears in an installed state, and a wheel-hub-side contact surface which is offset in an axial direction with respect to the brake disk abutment surface and which runs obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation and against which at least a part of a fastening assembly, by which the brake disk is fastenable or fastened to the wheel hub, bears in the installed state.

Abstract: A portal-axle of bogies for light rail vehicles, such as for example trams or light rail metros with street running, is described, the light rail vehicles being characterized by a floor, i.e. a walking surface, lowered with respect to the rails. The portal-axle comprises two shoulders equipped with spindles for mounting wheels and with a central portion for structurally connecting the shoulders. Unlike conventional solutions, the central portion is not made by casting or forging, but advantageously is simply defined by at least two bars coupled thereto during the assembly. The bars are easily available on the market at low cost, have lower weight with respect to a traditional forged/cast component and allow modularity and versatility in dimensioning the portal-axle to be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a tyre for bicycle wheels comprising a tread band containing an anti-puncture system capable of having high resistance to the penetration of foreign bodies, simultaneously ensuring optimal handling performances. In particular the present invention regards a tyre for bicycle wheels comprising: a carcass structure; and —a tread band arranged in radially outer position with respect to the carcass structure; wherein said tread band is made by means of vulcanisation of a cross-linkable elastomeric composition comprising a reinforcement system constituted by modified silicate fibres of nanometric size and fibrillated polymer fibres of micrometric size.

Abstract: A tire has a rim protector which is formed at a sidewall and which constitutes, an annular protrusion that extends in a tire circumferential direction. The rim protector has not less than two recesses that extend toward the tread region from a location toward the bead region in such fashion as to be directed toward a location in a second direction from a location in a first, direction in the tire circumferential direction, the not less than two recesses being arranged with spaces therebetween in the tire circumferential direction. A mutually adjacent pair of recesses among the not less than two recesses are in a positional relationship such that they partially overlap as seen when projected onto a virtual plane perpendicular to a tire radial direction.

Abstract: Pneumatic vehicle tire having a profiled tread (3), side walls (5) and rounded tire shoulders, wherein, when the tire is mounted on a rim, the tread (3) has, in a first operating state, a first contact surface and outside of the contact surface has profiled shoulder portions (4) extending in the direction of the side walls (5). The shoulder portions (4) have blocks (8a, 8b), between which grooves (9a, 9b) extending in the direction of the side walls (5) are provided and which are provided with sipes (11, 12, 13) and/or grooves extending in the direction of the side walls (5), wherein, in at least one further operating state of the tire mounted on the rim, the tire has a further contact surface, which is wider than the first contact surface and at least partially includes the shoulder portions (4) and the profiling thereof.

Abstract: A sipe includes a first widened and a second widened portion. In a cross section orthogonal to the sipe extending direction, the sipe includes at least one bent portion, at least one bent portion has a widened portion where the width of sipe portions sandwiching the bent portion is increased, and at least one widened portion has a straight line portion, in which an angle formed with a line segment orthogonal to the normal line at the opening center of the sipe on the tread surface is 30° or more, in a wall surface on the major angle side of the bent portion of wall surfaces defining the widened portion.

Abstract: Tread (1) for a heavy-duty vehicle tire having a total thickness corresponding to the thickness of material to be worn away during running, this tread having, in the new state, a tread surface (10) intended to come into contact with a roadway when running. The tread comprises at least one hidden cavity (2) forming a new groove opening onto the tread surface after a predetermined amount of partial wear. Cavity (2) comprises two opposite lateral walls (21, 22) connected together by bottom (23) radially towards the inside and by crown part (24) radially towards the outside. Crown part (24) is provided with a plurality of fine grooves (25) extending radially towards the outside from crown part (24) delimiting the cavity and extending in a direction that makes an angle at least equal to 40 degrees with the main direction of cavity (2).

Abstract: A tire has a rim protector has a first protruding edge which extends in the tire circumferential direction, a second protruding edge which extends in the tire circumferential direction, a plurality of recesses, and a plurality of ridges. The plurality of ridges respectively connect the first protruding edge and the second protruding edge. Each of the plurality of ridges includes a first ridge that extends from the first protruding edge so as to be directed in a first direction in the tire circumferential direction to reach the second protruding edge, and a second ridge that extends from the second protruding edge so as to be directed in the first direction to reach the first protruding edge. The first ridges and the second ridges are arranged in alternating fashion along the tire circumferential direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a bead core, a bead filler located outside in a tire radial direction of the bead core, a carcass ply laid over between bead cores and bead fillers which are provided in a pair in the tire width direction respectively, a belt wound on an outside in the tire radial direction of the carcass ply, a tread portion located outside in the tire radial direction of the belt, and a sidewall portion located outside in the tire width direction of the carcass ply. A thickness dimension of the tire side portion is set to increase as proceeding from a tire maximum width position toward an outside in the tire radial direction.

Abstract: Provided is a tire manufacturing feature in which, even when an electronic component is disposed on a side wall portion in order to secure sufficient communication performance, damage to the tire or to the electronic component is avoided. A pneumatic tire in which an electronic component is disposed in the interior thereof, wherein a protective layer for reinforcing a side wall is provided at a position on the inside of a carcass and on the outside of an inner liner with respect to the tire axial direction, the protective layer has higher rigidity and lower heat generating properties than the side wall, and the electronic component is disposed between the carcass and the protective layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tire including a sealant layer and a sound-absorbing material layer, and the tire includes a sound-absorbing material layer which is adhered to an inner surface of the tire and a sealant layer which is disposed between the inner surface of the tire and the sound-absorbing material layer and includes a sealant for adhering the sound-absorbing material layer to the inner surface of the tire.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire which prevents accumulation of static electricity during travelling, which inhibits the tire from rising in an electric resistance with the passage of time, and which is reduced in a rolling resistance of the tire and excellent in durability thereof. In the pneumatic tire described above, a conductive rubber is arranged for a ply coating rubber of one surface, and a non-conductive rubber is arranged for the ply coating rubber of the other surface; assuming that the respective thicknesses thereof are T1 and T2, a carcass ply has a ply in which T1/T2 satisfies 0.2?T1/T2?0.9; and the conductive ply coating rubber is arranged at a tread side, and the non-conductive ply coating rubber is arranged at an inner liner side.

Abstract: A method for locating at least one wheel of a vehicle, the wheels each being equipped with an electronic device which sends a wheel rotation signal to a central unit, a speed sensor for each wheel which supplies a signal to the central unit. For each electronic device, at least two sequences of several acquisitions are performed by formation of the signal with simultaneous acquisition by the central unit of the signal transmitted by each speed sensor. A pairing is performed of the two signals for an electronic device with each of the wheel speed signals. For each pair, a phase offset is measured between the two signals. When a constant phase offset is measured in the pairs with a speed sensor, the electronic device associated with the signal is identified as being assigned to the wheel associated with the speed sensor.

Abstract: A tire mount position detection system measures a first signal intensity, which is intensity of a radio signal received by a first receiver (R1), and a second signal intensity, which is intensity of a radio signal received by a second receiver (R2), for each transmitter, and calculates a total value of the first signal intensity and the second signal intensity for each transmitter. The tire mount position detection system detects the wheel position to which a tire having the transmitter is mounted, based on the first signal intensity, the second signal intensity, and the total value of each transmitter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for magnetoelastic hitch receiver force detection are disclosed. An example vehicle includes a chassis, a trailer hitch receiver configured to receive a trailer hitch arm along an axis, a first pin having a first magnetic field, the first pin disposed above and perpendicular to the axis, a second pin, the first pin and the second pin coupling the trailer hitch receiver to the chassis and a first sensor configured to detect changes in the first magnetic field.

Abstract: A rotary mixer includes a frame. The rotary mixer also includes a pushbar assembly disposed at a front end of the rotary mixer. The pushbar assembly includes a pushbar adapted to be pivotally coupled to the frame in a deployed position of the pushbar. The pushbar assembly also includes a support assembly for the pushbar. The support assembly includes a support structure pivotally coupled to the frame. The support assembly also includes a harnessing member having a first end adapted to be coupled to the pushbar and a second end adapted to be coupled to the support structure adapted to hold the pushbar in the deployed position.

Abstract: A vehicle hitch assembly is provided. The receiver tube is connectable with a bumper structure and defines a longitudinally-extending opening. The hitch assembly includes a drawbar assembly with an elongated body and a rod. The elongated body is dimensioned to be received within the opening in the receiver tube and defines a longitudinally-extending passageway. The rod is rotatably received within the longitudinally-extending passageway between a first position and a second position. The rod includes a detent feature that couples together the elongated body and the receiver tube when the rod is rotated to the second position and detaches the elongated body and the receiver tube when the rod is rotated to the first position.

Abstract: In order to improve a coupling unit that is mountable on the rear end of a vehicle body and comprises a carrier unit which, for its part, is mountable on the vehicle body hidden by a bumper unit and which comprises a coupling arm held on the carrier unit for coupling a trailer or a rear load carrier, in such a way that detection of the mechanical loads on the coupling unit is possible in a simple way, it is proposed that there be provided at least one force detecting region on sections of the coupling unit that are mechanically loaded by the coupled trailer or the coupled rear load carrier, in which a sensor associated with this force detecting region detects the mechanical load acting on this force detecting region by means of the magneto-elastic effect.

Abstract: An in-wheel suspension system includes an assembly with a main arm that is pivotally connected at a connection point on the main arm to a shaft point of a wheel, a first linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a first end of the main arm, and a second linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a second end of the main arm. At least one second end of the first linkage unit and at least one second end of the second linkage unit, that are not connected to the main arm, are pivotally connectable each to a reference frame at a defined distance between them, such as to form a substantially “Z” like shape.

Abstract: A three-point suspension link for a chassis of a vehicle comprises two load-introducing elements, a central load-introducing element, two core profiles and a supporting winding. The three-point suspension link has two arms and a central bearing area. Each arm is connected to the central bearing area. Each arm has one of the load-introducing elements which is arranged at an end of the corresponding arm opposite the central bearing area. Each arm has a core profile which is spatially arranged between the load-introducing element and the central load-introducing element. The supporting winding surrounds the core profiles and the central load-introducing element in a subarea and is operatively connected to the core profiles, the load-introducing elements and the central load-introducing element.

Abstract: A ball joint according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a ball stud comprising a spherical ball and a rod extending upwardly from the ball; a bearing comprising an upper outer peripheral surface and a lower outer peripheral surface and configured to accommodate the ball; and a case comprising an upper inner peripheral surface which entirely comes into contact with the upper outer peripheral surface of the bearing and a stopper to which an upper end of the bearing is caught.

Abstract: A spring plate for supporting a vehicle suspension spring, with a surface facing toward the vehicle suspension spring and with at least one support point, wherein the spring plate has a region which extends from the surface in the direction of the vehicle suspension spring and forms the support point, and wherein a sheet-metal element acting as a corrosion protection element is fastened to the extended region and is in contact with the vehicle suspension spring in all operating states.

Abstract: A damper is provided having a twin tube construction interconnected to a gas reservoir. The connection of each of the inner and outer volumes of the twin tube to the gas reservoir is independently valved, and each of these valves are independently settable to change the differential pressure thereacross at which they open. The damper provides flow passages directly from the inner and outer volumes to enable flow form the compression to rebound sides thereof, as well as through the valved connections to the gas reservoir and at least one valved opening in the damper piston.

Abstract: A vertical lifting system for use in farming machines and tools that is formed by a wheel set support arm (01) connected to an articulation support (02) using the pin (04), the articulation support (02) being connected to the wheel hub (05), which is in turn connected to the wheel rim (06). To move the assembly, a hydraulic actuator (07) is connected by the pin (08) to the wheel set support arm (01) and to the articulation support (02) by the pin (09). The height adjustment is provided by the actuator (07), and the mechanism, once actuated, travels around the inside of the wheel rim (06), remaining inside same, and protected in both height adjustment positions of the tool.

Abstract: An active suspension control unit may include an actuator having an active roll stabilization (ARS) structure to variably adjust response characteristics of a suspension, and a controller for determining a driving situation of a vehicle through information input from a sensor, and determining a final desired control value of the actuator based on a desired relative suspension vertical force value set in advance according to the driving situation and a difference value generated by a difference between left and right wheel's relative suspension vertical velocities.

Abstract: A damper control system for a vehicle may include a damper-relative-velocity estimation module measuring a vertical acceleration of a vehicle body through a sensor mounted on the vehicle and estimating a damper velocity of a suspension based on the measured vertical acceleration, and a control module reducing movement of the vehicle body by actuating a damper using the damper velocity of the suspension estimated through the damper-relative-velocity estimation module.

Abstract: An exemplary self-balancing air spring includes a first chamber, the first chamber defining a primary volume, the first chamber including a movable piston, a second chamber fluidicly coupled to the first chamber via a first orifice and a second orifice, the second chamber defining a secondary volume, and an actuator coupled to the movable piston. In some aspects, the first orifice is an electromechanical valve and the second orifice is a bleed valve that equalizes the pressure between the first and second chambers.

Abstract: An insulator device includes a middle cup including an exterior wall disposed at the center of the mounting hole of the main panel and joined to the rubber member, a horizontal wall of which an upper portion of the strut rod is held in the middle of the interior and a vertical wall spaced inwardly of the exterior wall, an upper cup including an upper plate covering the upper part of the rubber member and an upper wall formed between the exterior wall and the vertical wall to form an upper hydraulic chamber, and the upper cup of which a first opening is formed thereto, a first elastic member disposed within the upper hydraulic chamber, and a control unit that selectively supplies hydraulic pressure to the upper hydraulic chamber through the first opening.

Abstract: A vehicle damper is described. The vehicle damper includes: a cylinder; a piston within the cylinder; a working fluid within the cylinder; a reservoir in fluid communication with the cylinder via the working fluid, the reservoir operable to receive the working fluid from the cylinder in a compression stroke; a valve in a flow path between the cylinder and the reservoir; and a remotely-operable valve having a position allowing the working fluid to significantly by-pass the valve.

Abstract: In a stabilizer device, a stabilizer bar having both ends connected to right and left wheel holding portions is supported at a pair of right and left supported portions of the stabilizer bar by a vehicle body via a pair of cylinders that can be extended and retracted based on vertical movement of wheels. The stabilizer device includes two communication passages, each of which allows one of two liquid chambers of one of the pair of cylinders and the other of two liquid chambers of the other cylinder to communicate with each other. The stabilizer device further includes an inter-passage communication passage that allows the two communication passages to communicate with each other, and an on-off valve that is opened and closed to open and close the inter-passage communication passage.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for a vehicle includes at least one sensor unit which senses an air-quality-relevant variable of the air of the passenger compartment of a vehicle, an evaluation and control unit which evaluates the air-quality-relevant variable and an air-purification device which purifies the air of the passenger compartment in a circulation mode or in a fresh air mode or in a mixed air mode. The evaluation and control unit activates the air-purification device if the air quality of the passenger compartment satisfies at least one predefined criterion. A starting signal in the state of rest of the vehicle activates the air-conditioning system which then determines the current air quality in the passenger compartment and activates the air-purification device as a function of the current air quality in the passenger compartment. The air-purification device purifies the air of the passenger compartment before a time of departure.

Abstract: A motor vehicle includes a motor compartment, a passenger compartment and a firewall separating the motor compartment from the passenger compartment. The motor vehicle also includes a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. That heating, ventilation and air conditioning system includes an HVAC inlet subassembly and an HVAC air distribution subassembly in the passenger compartment and a transition duct in the motor compartment directing an airstream from the HVAC inlet subassembly to the HVAC air distribution subassembly.

Abstract: An air-conditioning unit includes an air-conditioning case including an opening through which air flows, a cooler disposed in the air-conditioning case to cool air flowing to the opening, a heater disposed in the air-conditioning case to heat air flowing to the opening, and an adjusting member disposed to cover the opening and adjusting airflow passing through the opening. The adjusting member is produced separately from the air-conditioning case and includes a first region and a second region. The second region includes a high resistance member giving higher resistance to the airflow than the first region. The first region includes a low resistance member giving lower resistance to the airflow than the second region. The low resistance member is a partition dividing the first region into plural air passing parts through which air flows. The high resistance member is a plate member including a part to interfere the airflow.

Abstract: A battery cooling system may include a first cooling device including a first radiator and a first water pump connected through a first coolant line and circulating a coolant in the first coolant line to cool at least one electrical component and at least one motor; a second cooling device including a second radiator and a second water pump connected through a second coolant line and circulating the coolant in the second coolant line; a battery module mounted on a battery coolant line selectively connectable to the second coolant line through a valve; and a chiller mounted on the battery coolant line and through which the coolant passes, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioning device through a refrigerant connection line, and making the coolant which selectively flows exchange heat with a refrigerant supplied from the air conditioning device to control a temperature of the coolant.

Abstract: A heat pump system may include first and second cooling devices, a battery module, and a chiller to enable simplification of a system by heating or cooling the battery module by one chiller in which a coolant and a refrigerant exchange heat and a main heat exchanger provided in an air conditioning device is connected to each of first and second coolant lines so that the coolant circulated in each of the first and second cooling devices passes through the main heat exchanger, the refrigerant passing through the main heat exchanger exchanges heat with the coolant supplied through the first coolant line and exchanges heat with the coolant supplied through the second coolant line, and a flash tank separating refrigerants which have exchanged heat into a gaseous refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant and selectively discharging the gaseous refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant may be provided in the main heat exchanger.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle is provided. The system includes an interior air conditioning apparatus and a chiller that exchanges heat between first refrigerant and second refrigerant. A first line guides the first refrigerant to be circulated sequentially through a chiller, a high-voltage battery cooling core and a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) core. A second line guides the second refrigerant to be circulated sequentially through a compressor, a condenser and the chiller. A controller operates the blower, a first pump and the compressor based on an exterior temperature of the vehicle and whether interior air conditioning is necessary, when cooling of the high-voltage battery is necessary.

Abstract: A cooling system for an eco-friendly vehicle is provided. The system includes an electronic component cooling device that cools an electronic component of an eco-friendly vehicle and a battery cooling device that cools a battery installed within the eco-friendly vehicle. A connector connects the electronic component cooling device and the battery cooling device with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle, which can send air-conditioned air toward a rear seat of the vehicle in order to perform air-conditioning of a front seat of the vehicle and air-conditioning of a rear seat. The air conditioner includes an air passageway formed in an air-conditioning case, wherein the air passageway includes: a rear seat cold air passageway which is a passageway that the air passed through the heat exchanger for cooling bypasses the heat exchanger for heating and flows toward a rear seat of the vehicle; and a warm air passageway which is a passageway that the air passed through the heat exchanger for cooling passes through the heat exchanger for heating and flows toward a front seat or the rear seat of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electric vehicle thermal management system is provided. The system includes an inside AC unit having an air inlet unit and an air outlet unit and a cooling core embedded therein. A heating core is disposed between the air outlet unit of the inside AC unit and the cooling core and a control door is disposed inside the inside AC unit to adjust air supply to the heating core. A first flow path circulates to pass through the heating core and includes an electric heater. A branch flow path is branched from downstream point of the heating core of the first flow path and passing through a high voltage battery heat exchange unit. A control valve is disposed in a branch point between the first flow path and the branch flow path and a second flow path circulates between a compressor and a condenser and the cooling core.

Abstract: The vehicle includes an air conditioner, a temperature sensor configured to measure an indoor temperature of the vehicle, a camera configured to obtain an image data of a passenger, and a bio-signal sensor configured to measure a bio-signal of the passenger. A controller is configured to control, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the air conditioner to change a type of wind blowing at predetermined time intervals, to obtain emotion information corresponding to the changed type of wind based on at least one of the image data or the bio-signal, and to blow a type of wind for which a degree of positiveness of emotion information is equal to or greater than a threshold level.

Abstract: An air conditioner cut control system may include a driving condition detection unit detecting operation conditions of a vehicle, an air conditioner controller configured of determining an intake manifold negative pressure stored in a brake booster at a value obtained by subtracting intake manifold pressure from an atmospheric pressure detected by the driving condition detection unit when the air conditioner is operated and an engine control unit (ECU) for integrating the intake manifold negative pressure according to a brake negative pressure prediction logic and determining a virtual brake booster sensor value by modeling change of booster negative pressure according to driving information, and the ECU, and if the virtual brake booster sensor value is below a reference negative pressure of an A/C CUT standard logic, the ECU determines that brake negative pressure is insufficient and activates A/C CUT.

Abstract: A method of controlling air-conditioning of a vehicle, which controls an air-conditioning system of a vehicle when the vehicle is in an ignition-off state during vehicle stopping or parking, may include inputting, in the ignition-off state, setting of air-conditioning time for operating an air-conditioning system of the vehicle and setting of an air-conditioning target temperature; deriving required air-conditioning energy for operating the air-conditioning system of the vehicle on the basis of the setting of the air-conditioning time and a difference between the setting of the air-conditioning target temperature and an outside temperature of the vehicle; and driving the vehicle by increasing a setting of a minimum charge amount which is secured by a battery of the vehicle to secure the required air-conditioning energy.

Abstract: A controller performs a prior determination by determining whether air cooling of a passenger compartment by free cooling control is possible based on a target value of a temperature in the passenger compartment that is set in advance, an outdoor air temperature, and an indoor temperature. The controller also performs a free cooling execution determination by determining whether to perform the free cooling control by comparing (i) a free cooling performance value that depends on a temperature difference between the outdoor air temperature and the indoor temperature and indicates a capacity of air cooling by the free cooling control, and (ii) an indoor heat load value that depends on a vehicle occupancy rate of passengers in the passenger compartment and indicates a difficulty of a temperature decrease in the passenger compartment.

Abstract: A method and system capable of variably adjusting an indoor temperature of a vehicle according to characteristics of an object to be protected in the vehicle when a driver has turned off the engine and exited the vehicle are provided. The method includes determining whether a current indoor temperature of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined allowable temperature of an object to be protected and switching an IG terminal of a key box of the vehicle to an ON state. A sustainable time of indoor temperature control of the vehicle is calculated in response to determining that the current indoor temperature of the vehicle exceeds the predetermined allowable temperature of the object to be protected. The indoor temperature of the vehicle is adjusted to be within a predetermined allowable temperature range or indoor air of the vehicle is circulated according to the sustainable time.

Abstract: A heating temperature is appropriately estimated according to an operation mode to achieve comfortable vehicle interior air conditioning. A vehicular air conditioning device 1 includes a compressor 2, an air flow passage 3, a radiator 4 for heating air to be supplied to a vehicle interior, a heat absorber 9 for cooling the air to be supplied to the vehicle interior, and a heat pump controller. The heat pump controller calculates a heating temperature TH being the temperature of air on a leeward side of the radiator and use the heating temperature in control, and calculates the heating temperature TH using an estimation formula which differs depending on the operation mode.