Abstract: A composition and a method to improve the exploit of oil from a hydrocarbon containing formation are disclosed. The method is characterized in that a aqueous composition including extract of a plant is injected into the formation to reduce the interfacial tension between the oil trapped in the formation and water, and the oil in said aqueous mixture is recovered for further use. Preferably, the aqueous mixture injected comprises an interfacial tension reducing composition made from a plant extract based on a plant family to which the plants Ziziphus Spina Christi and Aloe Vera belong. In particular the injection mixture also comprises at least one of the following constituents: fructose, sucrose, maltose, proteins, lipids and saponins.

Abstract: During “fracking” operations, proppants are used to keep open the fissures that are created, and stimulation fluids are often injected into the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations to assist in capturing released hydrocarbons. However, because fissure surfaces formed in subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations from fracking tend to be hydrophobic, both introduced stimulation fluids and the hydrocarbons from the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations tend to adhere to the fissure surfaces. The addition of a gemini surfactant appears to reduce the hydrophobic nature of the geological structure's fissure surfaces, thereby wetting surfaces of indigenous rock and/or introduced proppant surfaces. The addition of the gemini surfactant results in an increase of the fluid flow through the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations, thereby enhancing of recovery of hydrocarbons and introduced stimulation fluids.

Abstract: A process for making and using a ground product that includes the steps of: reacting a guar split with propylene oxide at a reaction temperature in a range of 120° F. to 180° F. to form a guar derivative; and treating the guar derivative with at least one of washing and drying to form a resultant treated derivative. The process includes transferring the resultant treated derivative to a co-grinder operably associated with a heated vacuum system; and co-grinding the resultant treated derivative with a powdered carboxylic acid to form a ground product.

Abstract: Interaction of particulates of a chelating agent with an acid-reactive surface, such as various surfaces found in a wellbore, can provide a number of benefits during a treatment process. Methods for utilizing particulates of a chelating agent in a treatment process can comprise: introducing a foamed treatment fluid having a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas phase into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, the foamed treatment fluid comprising: a plurality of particulates comprising an N-(phosphonoalkyl)iminodiacetic acid, and an acid in which the N-(phosphonoalkyl)iminodiacetic acid is substantially insoluble; and depositing at least a portion of the plurality of particulates at one or more locations within the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A photochromic article is provided, containing a structural component, a fluid in contact with the structural component, and a polyoxometalate complex in contact with the fluid. The polyoxometalate complex includes a counter cation complexed with either a polyoxometalate anion or a polyoxometalate derivative anion. The structural component includes a porous material, a plurality of cavities, or both. The article is photochromic. A method of changing a light transmission of a photochromic article is provided, as is a method of changing a light reflectance of a photochromic article. A method of forming a photochromic article is also provided.

Abstract: A nanocrystal composition can include a nanocrystal and an outer layer including a ligand bound to the nanocrystal, wherein the ligand includes a norbornene group and a carboxyl group.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first element, a second element, a third element, a ligand, and an anion, where the first element and the second element form a nanocrystal that includes a surface and a crystal lattice, a first portion of the third element covers at least a second portion of the surface in the form of a layer, a third portion of the third element is incorporated into the crystal lattice, and the ligand and the anion are ionically bound to at least one of the second element and/or the first portion of the third element.

Abstract: A reagent for performing a chemiluminescent reaction includes luminol or luminol derivatives, an oxidant, an electron mediator, and an enhancer. The enhancer is a nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compound having at least two nitrogen atoms. The present disclosure further provides a kit for performing a chemiluminescent reaction comprising the aforesaid reagent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a phosphor improved in the emission intensity maintenance ratio without impairing the emission intensity and further a light-emitting device employing that phosphor. The phosphor is activated by manganese and has a basic structure comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium and calcium; at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and titanium; and fluorine. In an IR absorption spectrum of the phosphor, the intensity ratio of the peak in 3570 to 3610 cm?1 to that in 1200 to 1240 cm?1 is 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluoride phosphor represented by a chemical formula A3MF7:Mn4+ includes forming a first mixture by mixing a first raw material containing A2MF6 and a second raw material containing AF or AHF2, forming a second mixture by mixing the first mixture and a sintering aid, and firing the second mixture. In the chemical formula, A is at least one selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and mixtures thereof, and M is at least one selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a first semiconductor material is vaporized to generate a vapor phase condensate. The vapor phase condensate is allowed to form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are annealed to yield nanoparticles or cores. The cores are overcoated by introducing a solution containing second semiconductor material precursors in a coordinating solvent into a suspension of cores at a desired elevated temperature and mixing for a period of time sufficient to cause diffusion of the shell into the core. The diffusion of the shell into the core causes the quantum dots to exhibit a broadened optical emission. The produced quantum dots may be incorporated into a quantum dot based radiation source.

Abstract: A light source unit includes a light source section and a fluorescent structure. The fluorescent structure includes a fluorescent part where light from the light source section enters. The fluorescent part includes a transparent grain in addition to a plurality of phosphors.

Abstract: Provided are core-shell particles that have high luminous efficiency and are useful as quantum dots, a method for producing the same, and a film produced using the core-shell particles. The core-shell particles of the invention are core-shell particles having a core containing a Group III element and a Group V element; and a shell covering at least a portion of the surface of the core and containing a Group II element and a Group VI element, in which the proportion of the peak intensity ratio of the Group II element with respect to the peak intensity ratio of the Group III element as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis is 0.25 or higher.

Abstract: A phosphor and a lighting device are disclosed. In an embodiment a lighting device includes a first phosphor disposed in a beam path of the primary radiation source, wherein the first phosphor has the formula Sr(SraM1?a)Si2Al2(N,X)6:D,A,B,E,G,L, wherein element M is selected from Ca, Ba, Mg or combinations thereof, wherein element D is one or more elements selected from Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, alkali metals or Yb, wherein element A is selected from divalent metals different than those of the elements M and D, wherein element B is selected from trivalent metals, wherein element E is selected from monovalent metals, wherein element G is selected from tetravalent elements, wherein element L is selected from trivalent elements, wherein element X is selected from O or halogen, and wherein a parameter a is between 0.6 and 1.0.

Abstract: A lighting device is specified. The lighting device comprises a phosphor having the general molecular formula (MA)a(MB)b(MC)c(MD)d(TA)e(TB)f(TC)g(TD)h(TE)i(TF)j(XA)k(XB)l(XC)m(XD)n:E. In this case, MA is selected from a group of monovalent metals, MB is selected from a group of divalent metals, MC is selected from a group of trivalent metals, MD is selected from a group of tetravalent metals, TA is selected from a group of monovalent metals, TB is selected from a group of divalent metals, TC is selected from a group of trivalent metals, TD is selected from a group of tetravalent metals, TE is selected from a group of pentavalent elements, TF is selected from a group of hexavalent elements, XA is selected from a group of elements which comprises halogens, XB is selected from a group of elements which comprises O, S and combinations thereof, XC=N and XD=C and E=Eu, Ce, Yb and/or Mn. The following furthermore hold true: a+b+c+d=t; e+f+g+h+i+j=u; k+l+m+n=v; a+2b+3c+4d+e+2f+3g+4h+5i+6j?k?2l?3m?4n=w; 0.

Abstract: A quantum dot, a method of producing the same, a quantum dot polymer composite including the same, and an electronic device. The quantum dot includes a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal and a shell disposed on the core, the shell including a second semiconductor nanocrystal and a metal dopant, wherein the first semiconductor nanocrystal includes a Group II-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, or a combination thereof, the second semiconductor nanocrystal includes a Group II-VI compound, and the metal dopant includes hafnium, zirconium, titanium, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition comprising one or more compounds of general formula I and one or more compounds of general formula II; the liquid crystal composition of the present invention can work at very high and very low temperatures, has a very short response time and a better reliability to light and heat, and particularly exhibits no image retention or a significantly reduced image retention after a long time operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid crystal mixtures comprising one or more compounds of the formula A and, in addition one or more compounds of formula I or one or more compounds of formula II wherein the individual radicals have the respective meanings indicated in claim 1, to the use thereof for high-frequency components, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media.

Abstract: Bimesogenic compounds of formula I and their use in liquid crystal media and in flexoelectric liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III, in which the parameters R1-R3, Z21, Z31, Z32 and rings A11, A12, A13, A21, A22, A31, and A32 are as defined herein, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

Abstract: A method for forming catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product from pyrolyzable material, the method comprising burning fuel in a fluidized bed boiler, thereby heating some particulate material; transferring at least some of the heated particulate material or some other heated particulate material to a pyrolysis reactor to pyrolyze some pyrolyzable material in the pyrolysis reactor; and conveying at least some pyrolytic vapor through a catalyst bed comprising catalyst material; and conveying at least part of the formed side products upstream back to the process; thereby producing the catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product in an resource efficient manner. In addition, a system configured to produce catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product from pyrolyzable material.

Abstract: A processing apparatus includes a microwave processing chamber. In addition, the processing apparatus includes a rigid, rotatable feed wheel rotatable about an axis of rotation such that a part of the feed wheel is located within the processing chamber. Further, the processing apparatus includes a feed device configured to deposit materials to be processed onto the feed wheel. Still further, the processing apparatus includes an output into which processed materials from the feed wheel can be deposited.

Abstract: A water-based extraction process for extracting bitumen from mined oil is provided comprising providing a water-based mixture containing bitumen; and introducing nanobubbles to the mixture to attach to bitumen and, thereby, extract the bitumen from the water-based mixture, wherein a nanobubble has a diameter of less than 5,000 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for converting algal biomass into a gas or into biocrude comprising (a) gasification or hydrothermal liquefaction of an algal biomass in at least one first reactor, (b) separation of the gas or biocrude produced thereby from the aqueous effluents and the CO2 produced, at the outlet of the first reactor, (c) recovery of the aqueous effluents, and (d) oxidation of the aqueous effluents in at least one second reactor. Continuous processes for culture of algal biomass and conversion of the algal biomass cultivated into a gas or into a biocrude are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for pyrolysis of mixed plastic feedstock producing petroleum products are described. In one example, a process for producing petroleum products includes charging feedstock of mixed polymer materials into a reactor apparatus. Heat energy is applied to the feedstock while advancing the feedstock through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation. The energy input to the reactor apparatus is controlled by controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce petroleum gas product. The process involves in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking and recombination reactions that that are controlled to convert solid hydrocarbonaceous portion of the feedstock to molten fluids and gases inside the reactor vessel and to produce gaseous petroleum products which exit the reactor vessel. The separated solid residue from the pyrolysis process is also removed from the reactions vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon pyrolysis, and to the use of hydrocarbon pyrolysis for, e.g., hydrocarbon gas upgrading. The pyrolysis is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one thermal mass having an open frontal area ?55%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogen sulphide scavenging additive composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide including sulfur containing compounds and mercaptans, particularly for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons, wherein the additive composition comprises substantially reduced amount of nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavengers, and is also required in substantially reduced amount, and wherein the additive composition scavenges the sulfur containing compounds not only at room temperature, but also at higher temperatures, and comprises at least a combination of: (A) at least one nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavenger; and (B) at least one aliphatic tertiary amine, wherein the nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavenger comprises triazine based hydrogen sulfide scavenger.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing loss of hydrogen in solution to the fractionation section of a hydroprocessing unit. The hot flash overhead vapor bypasses the cold flash drum and may be treated with the cold flash vapor stream from the cold flash drum to recover hydrogen. Substantial conservation of hydrogen gas is achieved.

Abstract: Method for starting up a method for producing kerosene and diesel fuel from hydrocarbon compounds produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The start-up method employs catalytic reaction of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a synthesis gas for producing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a light hydrocarbon fraction, a reduction (RE) reducing a hydrotreatment catalyst by ensuring contact with a gas comprising hydrogen, bringing the heavy hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst (DM). During the step for ensuring contact, the temperature (TEMP) of the catalyst is increased to a temperature of between 260° C. and 360° C. Then, (TR) bringing a mixture comprising the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the light hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst is carried out.

Abstract: Slurry hydrocracking processes are described. The methods include hydrotreating a heavy residual hydrocarbon feed in a hydrotreating zone under residual hydrotreating conditions to form a hydrotreated effluent. The hydrotreated effluent is separated in an first separator to form an overhead vapor stream and a bottoms stream. The bottoms stream is hydrocracked in a slurry hydrocracking zone under slurry hydrocracking conditions. The effluent from the slurry hydrocracking zone is fractionated in a fractionation zone into at least two streams. Slurry hydrocracking apparatus is also described.

Abstract: Systems and processes for hydrotreating, splitting, and extracting a gasoil feed to produce a saturate-rich feedstock for olefin pyrolysis are provided. A gasoil feed is provided to a hydrotreating section to produce an ultralow sulfur distillate (ULSD) stream. The ULSD stream is provided to a splitter section to produce a light distillate stream and a heavy bottom stream. The light distillate stream is provided to an extraction section to produce an aromatic-rich extract phase and a saturate-rich raffinate phase. The raffinate phase is mixed with the heavy bottom stream to produce an olefin pyrolysis feedstock having a reduced BMCI as compared to the gasoil feed stream and the ULSD stream.

Abstract: A gasification co-generation process of coal powder in a Y-type entrained flow bed, comprising: spraying coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor into a gasification furnace through a top nozzle and a plurality of side nozzles for performing combustion and gasification with a residence time of 10 s or more; chilling the resulting slag with water, and subjecting the chilled slag to a dry method slagging to obtain gasification slag used as cement clinker; discharging the produced crude syngas carrying fine ash from the Y-type entrained flow bed to perform ash-slag separation.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a method of producing metal diboride nanomaterials having thickness down to the atomic scale and lateral areas from 10 nm to over 1 ?m by preparing a mixture of a metal diboride and a suspending solution. The suspending solution can be an organic solvent or a solution containing water, and optionally can include a dispersion agent, such as a surfactant, a polymer, small molecule, or biopolymer. Further, the method includes exfoliating the metal diboride by exposing the mixture to ultrasonic energy, centrifuging the mixture forming supernatant that includes a dispersion of exfoliated metal diborides, and extracting the dispersion from the supernatant. Some embodiments include extracting the supernatant and casting the solution by diluting the dispersion with a second suspending solution that includes dissolved polymer. This can result in a composite film includes a dispersion of the exfoliated metal diborides and provides improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: In a natural gas dehydration system, a heat exchanger has first and second passages in thermal communication but fluidly isolated from each other. A pressure reduction valve receives a first stream of natural gas and water vapor from the first passage and outputs a reduced temperature and pressure first stream to a separator which separates at least part of the water from the first stream to form a second stream of natural gas and water vapor that is output via the second passage to a distribution pipeline or a storage system. A temperature sensor senses a temperature of the first stream and a controller controls a valve coupled in parallel with the second passage to be in an open or closed state for passage or blocking of at least part of the second stream therethrough based on a temperature of the first stream determined by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Process for the production of solid fuel from wastewater sludge, and equipment suitable for carrying out the production thereof.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the carbon content of a carbon-containing material, which includes loading a chamber with a carbon-containing material, evacuating air from the chamber, introducing an inert gas into the chamber, and heating sequentially the chamber at three or more different temperature phases each for a duration of time such that the weight percentage of the carbon in the treated carbon-containing material is increased by 20% or higher, as compared to the untreated carbon-containing material. Further disclosed is a system for performing this method.

Abstract: The production carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources and the use thereof in gasification processes for hazardous emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur are significantly minimized and enhanced reaction rates are described. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources, including the steps consisting of: (i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture; (ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture; (iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and (iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm.

Abstract: A method to generate dioxolanes from renewable feedstocks, and more specifically, these oxygenated hydrocarbons can be used as gasoline-range fuels and diesel additives.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from neo-alcohol, lubricating oil base stocks comprising such ester compounds, lubricating oil compositions comprising such ester compounds, and method for making such compounds and/or base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks comprising the ester compounds exhibit desirable lubricating properties such as polarity and oxidation stability.

Abstract: A lubricant base oil which contains an ester. The ester constituting the lubricant base oil includes: a component (A) derived from pentaerythritol in a molar percentage Amol % of 20 to 30 mol %; a component (B) derived from a straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 in a molar percentage Bmol % of 55 to 79 mol %; and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar percentage Cmol % of 1 to 15 mol %. A molar ratio (Cmol/Cmol) of the component (C) derived from adipic acid and the component (B) derived from the straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 is 0.02 to 0.25, and the ester has a hydroxyl value of 10 to 100 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: Polymers used as rolling lubricating agents, to compositions including said polymers, and to alkali metal films including the polymers or compositions on the surface(s) thereof. The use of said polymers and compositions is also described for strip-rolling alkali metals or alloys thereof in order to obtain thin films. Methods for producing said thin films, which are suitable for use in electrochemical cells, are also described. An improved lubricant according to formula I, which, for example, achieves enhanced conductivity, and/or enables the production of electrochemical cells having an improved life span in cycles.

Abstract: An automatic transmission fluid comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and minor amounts of (a) one or more oil-soluble or dispersible molybdenum-containing compounds, and (b) a reaction product of an isomerized alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyamine characterized by structure (II): In structure (II) x and y are independently zero or integers from 1 to 30, where x+y is from 1 to 30, and z is zero or an integer from 1 to 10.

Abstract: An oil-based release agent of the present invention contains a petroleum-based hydrocarbon solvent (a) and a high temperature adhesive (b), is applied to a metal die used for die casting or casting, has high adhesion and high lubricity even with respect to a metal die at a high temperature particularly of 300° C. or higher, and can prevent seizure. In addition, the present invention provides a method for applying the oil-based release agent of the present invention by controlling an adhesion amount thereof by micronization and speed-control thereof with respect to a metal die at a high temperature, and an electrostatic application method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to refining one or more grain oil composition streams (e.g., distillers corn oil or syrup) in a biorefinery to provide one or more refined grain oil products, where each grain oil product has targeted amounts of a free fatty acid component and the fatty acid alkyl ester component.

Abstract: A cleaning liquid includes a liquid (53), a first fine gas bubble group (59a) included in the liquid (53) and having a gas at a first temperature, and a second fine gas bubble group (59b) included in the liquid (53) and having a gas at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature. Therefore, it is possible to provide a cleaning liquid that exhibits a remarkably better cleaning effect than ever before.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a composition comprising a polyalkyleneimine and/or salts or derivatives thereof for the prevention of corrosion of non-metallic in organic items during a washing or rinsing process, in particular during an automatic dishwashing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid cleaning composition can be a cleaning composition for removing an acrylic-based polymeric material useful as enteric tablet coatings located on a surface of a vessel or other process equipment comprising: —diethylen glycol mono butylether; and —water.

Abstract: A liquid laundry detergent composition that includes a liquid phase, a lamellar liquid crystal phase, and a particulate phase, where the lamellar liquid phase and particulate phase are dispersed within the liquid phase.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composition for cleaning skin strips of skin skis, in particular for removing hydrophobic compounds, such as oils, resins, grease, and/or waxes, from the surface of the skin strips. The composition comprises (a) C1-6-alcohol; (b) at least 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition of dibasic ester(s) of formula R1O—C(O)—(CH2)n—C(O)—OR1, wherein n is 2 to 4; and each R1 is independently C1-6-alkyl, (c) 0 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition of alkoxyalkanol(s) of formula R2O—(CH2)m—OH wherein m is 1 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, and R2 is C1-6-alkyl, preferably C3-6-alkyl; and (d) 0 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition of tri(C1-6-alkanol) amine(s).

Abstract: Composition, method and system for PVD TiN hard mask removal from 28/20 nm pattern wafers have been disclosed. The composition uses peroxide as oxidizing agent for PVD TiN hard mask removal under slightly basic conditions. The composition comprises bulky or long chain organic amines or polyalkylamine to improve removal/etching selectivity of PVD TiN vs CVD TiN. The composition further comprises long chain organic acids or amines to maintain Co compatibility.