Abstract: The vehicle allocation apparatus includes a vehicle assignment unit that assigns a self-driving vehicle to a vehicle dispatch request including ride location information indicating a ride location of a prospective passenger wishing for dispatch of the self-driving vehicle, a travel instruction unit that instructs, through a communication unit, the assigned self-driving vehicle to move via the ride location, and a ride confirmation unit that acquires, from the assigned self-driving vehicle, ride information indicating whether the prospective passenger has ridden in the assigned self-driving vehicle after arrival of the assigned self-driving vehicle at the ride location.

Abstract: A processing device performs: acquiring first information on one or more commodities of which purchase is to be recommended based on a travel schedule of a vehicle; identifying one or more users based on a route that the vehicle is scheduled to travel; transmitting second information for recommending purchase of the one or more commodities based on the first information to the identified user; and controlling travel of the vehicle such that a commodity is picked up and is then delivered to a user who has returned a reply of desiring purchase of the commodity when the reply has been returned from the user.

Abstract: A cable transportation system comprising: at least a cable; an upstream station and a downstream station between which the cable extends; a plurality of supporting intermediate structures for supporting the cable between the upstream station and the downstream station; a plurality of transporting units coupled above the cable in a configuration suspended in the void and free to swing; an alarm device configured for detecting the contact between the transporting units and the supporting intermediate structures when a threshold tilting angle of the transporting units is exceeded and for emitting a relative alarm signal.

Abstract: A travelling apparatus, including: a rail; at least one vehicle, for travelling in a direction being along the rail; and a holding structure, for holding a user to stand on the at least one vehicle, with one foot in front of another along the travelling direction, thereby forces produced by the travelling, are applied on one side of the user in relation to the other, thus being safe to the user, thereby diminishing width of the rail.

Abstract: Provided is a hypertube transport system. Specifically, provided are a magnetically-levitated train and an infrastructure-system in which same travels, comprising: refrigerant for cooling compressed air of a hypertube train, and a compressed air cooling system utilizing the refrigerant; an apparatus and method for controlling trains operating in a vacuum tube; superconducting switches for superconducting magnets for magnetic levitation; a driving stability apparatus for the hypertube transport system; a control apparatus for trains of the hypertube transport system; and an energy harvester.

Abstract: Neutralizing deflection in a transportation system comprising connecting a number of support structures to ground. A tube is coupled to the support structures via a number of actuators, wherein the tube defines an interior enclosure through which a vehicle can travel. Utilizing a number of sensors, directional displacement of the support structures can be sensed, and the actuators are controller to counter the sensed displacement of the support structures by producing a directionally-opposite displacement of the tube relative to the support structures.

Abstract: A method for compensating for a loss of traction of a rail vehicle, preferably a freight locomotive, in a track curve, is particularly pertinent when the rail vehicle is starting up and/or is on an incline. Comparably unfavorable frictional conditions between a track and at least one driven track wheel of the rail vehicle are changed into comparably favorable frictional conditions by actively steering the track wheel on the rail.

Abstract: A covered hopper railroad freight car having a car body whose opposite longitudinal sides include generally flat, parallel, substantially vertical upper side wall portions free from outwardly protruding structural strength members. A top chord of each of the side walls of the car is defined by a pair of parallel bend lines extending longitudinally along the upper margin of each side wall, and a roof is welded to the top chords of the side walls.

Abstract: A vehicle door leaf frame, in particular a rail vehicle door leaf frame, preferably for an inwardly opening vehicle door leaf for an entry door. The vehicle door leaf frame has a plurality of, in particular precisely four, hollow frame profiles constituting the actual vehicle door leaf frame. The hollow frame profiles are produced from a plurality of, in particular precisely two, different hollow profiles. In an alternative embodiment, a vehicle door leaf, in particular a rail vehicle door leaf, preferably an inwardly opening vehicle door leaf for an entry door, has a vehicle door leaf frame and is itself pressure-tight and/or water-tight.

Abstract: An electrically operated vehicle includes a braking resistor in a heat sink cover. The heat sink cover has an air throughflow body having vent openings and an air throughflow direction perpendicular to a direction of travel of the vehicle. The heat sink cover includes an inlet flap on an air inflow side and an outlet flap on an air outflow side. An opening mechanism opens and closes the flaps. In the closed state, the flaps are oriented along the direction of travel and obliquely to the air throughflow direction. In a plan view of the vent openings, the vent openings are at least 90% covered by the flaps in the closed state and at most 60% covered by the flaps in the opened state. The flaps are disposed symmetrically to a vehicle center axis, and the vent openings are oriented parallel to side surfaces of the vehicle.

Abstract: An opening and closing method and mechanism is adapted for a convertible movable top cover of a railway freight wagon including first and second convertible movable top covers; a belt driving mechanism is arranged on the wagon. One end of the first convertible movable top cover is connected with one side of a driving belt in the belt driving mechanism and a first outer convex portion; one end of the second convertible movable top cover is connected with the other side of the driving belt in the belt driving mechanism and a second outer convex portion. A moving direction of one side of the driving belt is opposite to that of the other side of the driving belt. First and second stopper devices are arranged on the ground. When the wagon moves, the first stopper device contacts the first outer convex portion or the second stopper device contacts the second outer convex portion.

Abstract: A railcar comprising: a plurality of truck assemblies, each truck assembly having at least one wheel an underbody supported on said truck assemblies, said underbody including a cold formed center sill extending substantially the length of said railcar, wherein said center sill includes a top wall, a pair of side sections joined to the top wall by a pair of upper curved sections, bottom sections coupled to the side sections through curved connecting sections, wherein the center sill includes an upwardly extending stiffening longitudinal rib centered within the top wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bogie (10) for a high-speed railway vehicle, comprising: a bogie chassis, at least one wheel (20) mounted rotating on the chassis by means of an axle (18) and a primary suspension system (22), at least one motor (24), for each motor (24), at least one gearbox (26) able to mechanically link the motor (24) and the axle (18). Each motor (24) is rigidly fastened to the chassis (12).

Abstract: A high voltage interconnection system for electrically interconnecting a pair of objects that are movable relative to each other includes a flexible cable, a connection arrangement electrically contacting an end of the flexible cable, and a cable holder arrangement holding the flexible cable in a slidable manner.

Abstract: A knuckle pin, coupling system, and method for producing a knuckle pin are provided, the knuckle pin having a cylindrical body with a longitudinal slot therein separating vertical edges of the cylindrical body, with one or more first retaining elements that span outward of the cylindrical body, and a second retainer that includes one or more of opposing apertures, and bendable legs. A method for producing the knuckle pin is provided, where a blank is stamped into a workpiece that corresponds to the pin to be produced, and the stamped workpiece is rolled to produce the pin with the slot.

Abstract: An electromagnetic rail brake device of a rail vehicle having at least one brake magnet which has a magnet coil body and at least one magnetic core, and wherein the magnet coil body carries at least one magnet coil winding, and having an electric connector device, by way of which the at least one magnet coil winding is supplied with current, wherein the electric connector device has at least one pin-shaped electric connector body which is connected via a releasable electric connection to at least one current-conducting electric cable which is guided from the outside to the at least one pin-shaped connector body in relation to the brake magnet. The at least one pin-shaped electric connector body may be arranged on a free and outer surface of the magnet coil body or an element which is connected to the magnet coil body.

Abstract: A cable assembly for providing a data acquisition system with data messages passing on a fieldbus of rolling stock, said cable assembly comprising a data listener adapted to listen in on said data messages passing on said fieldbus; a data transmitter adapted to transmit said data messages to said data acquisition system; and an isolation module adapted to electrically isolate said data transmitter from said data listener and from said fieldbus, thereby electrically isolating said data acquisition system from said fieldbus such that said data acquisition system is limited by said isolation module to only listening in on said data messages passing on said fieldbus.

Abstract: A method for analyzing one or more conditions of a transportation pathway includes obtaining, using an imaging device of an inspection system, image data reproducible as a plurality of images of the transportation pathway, each of the plurality of images being reproducible as an image of a portion of the transportation pathway, each portion of the transportation pathway having an associated location along a length of the transportation pathway, analyzing, using one or more processors of the inspection system, the image data to determine a first plurality of metrics indicative of a condition of the transportation pathway at each of the associated locations, and generating a first graph, using the determined first plurality of metrics, that is indicative of the condition of the transportation pathway at each of the associated locations.

Abstract: A testing station for testing an industrial cart includes a controller, a length of track having a first section, a second section, and a third section. Sensors are communicatively coupled to the controller, where the sensors are configured to at least detect a cart traversing the third section. An electric source electrically coupled to the second section, where the second section provides electric power to a first pair of wheels of a cart when the cart traverses the first section and the second section, and the second section provides electric power to a second pair of wheels when the cart traverses the second section and the third section. An instruction set causes the processor to receive, from a first sensor, signals indicating the cart is traversing the third section and in response to receiving the signals indicating that the cart is traversing the third section, determine the cart is functioning.

Abstract: A method performs a mixed operation of a track-bound line section. Trains that are equipped with a train protection system run there. In order to guide trains that are not equipped with the train protection system through the line section, provision is made for switches to be set as a protecting switch for the purpose of following-move protection. However, the switch is reset again before the passage of the unequipped train, wherein the respective block section of the line section must be free again at this time point. The method therefore allows mixed operation of equipped and unequipped trains while at the same time requiring limited component expense for lineside train protection apparatus.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a dolly for carrying a heavy object by means of a car with a trailer hitch. The dolly includes a rigid frame adapted to securely hold an object on a front face of the rigid frame. Left and right parallel pneumatic wheels are positioned on a left and right sides the rigid frame, respectively and extending perpendicularly away from the rigid frame opposite a platform. Each of the pneumatic wheels is highway rated. Each of the pneumatic wheels has a hub rotatably mounted to the rigid frame by a flange member projecting perpendicularly from the rigid frame, the flange members positioning the hubs away from the rigid frame such that the hubs are at least several inches from a back face of the rigid frame. The dolly also includes a retractable boom having a trailer hitch coupling on a distal end. The retractable boom is selectively movable between a retracted and extended position. Finally, the dolly includes a lock for releasably locking the retractable boom in its extended position.

Abstract: A pushchair seat for mounting on a pushchair chassis is comprised of a seating surface and a backrest, wherein the backrest has a distal section and a proximal section which can be rotated relative to the distal section in such a way that the backrest can be folded up from an unfolded backrest usage position into a collapsed backrest storage position.

Abstract: A foldable cart includes a handle portion, a foldable frame movably connected to the handle, and one or more wheels for rolling on a surface. In an unfolded (in-use or open) condition, the foldable frame constructs a holding-space defining a receiving cavity therein for carrying items, and the action of unfolding the frame automatically deploys wheels to enable immediate use of the cart by the end-user or customer. In a folded (storage or closed) condition, the carts' frame folds to occupy a smaller space in one or more spatial dimensions, and the automatically deployed wheels turn to occupy smaller total space in one or more spatial dimensions. In the folded condition, the cart is easy to store in a small space (e.g. in a small closet, under a bed, etc.) or transport (e.g. in the trunk of an automobile, vehicle, airplane, train, ship with a courier, etc.).

Abstract: A tactical transport cart manually navigable over both topographic and hydrographic terrains has a frame, a payload support on the frame, a hard point of attachment or connection on the frame or the payload support, a pair of wheels or other terrain-engaging transport propulsion members attached to the frame, a handle structure attached to the frame, at least one motor connected in driving relation to the transport propulsion members, a battery for providing motive power to the motor, and a control device connected between the battery and the motor for controlling supply of motive power to the motor. The frame, transport propulsion members and handle structure are cooperatively dimensioned and configured for movement of the cart over ground surfaces of topographic terrains and for partially and fully submerged movement over water-covered surfaces of hydrographic terrains.

Abstract: An operating head for an industrial truck comprises a support extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising opposing carrier sections. One or more gripping sections are positioned opposite each of the opposing carrier sections, wherein the opposing carrier sections and gripping sections at least partially define a handle opening. The operating head further comprises at least one operating element positioned on at least one of the opposing carrier sections. The at least one operating element comprises a cylindrical body extending along a cylindrical body axis and defining a bulge extending radially from the cylindrical body along a bulge axis. The bulge extends towards the one or more gripping sections when the at least one operating element is in a rest position and the at least one operating element is pivotable about the cylindrical body axis by exerting a force against the bulge.

Abstract: A carrier adjusting mechanism is applied to a stroller including a stroller frame and a carrier and includes a base, a locking structure, a locking device, and a release actuator. The base is connected to the stroller frame. The locking structure is connected to the carrier and pivoted to the base. The locking device is disposed between the base and the locking structure. The locking device includes a first engaging structure, a second engaging structure, and a locking member. The locking member is engaged with the first engaging structure at a first position or the second engaging structure at the second position. The release actuator is disposed on the stroller and connected to the locking device for disengaging the locking member from the first engaging structure or the second engaging structure, to allow the locking structure to move between the first position and the second position together with the carrier.

Abstract: A child stroller apparatus includes a stroller frame, and a stroller seat supportable by the stroller frame. The stroller seat includes a backrest portion fixedly connected with a first joining part, a seat portion fixedly connected with a second joining part that is pivotally connected with the first joining part, a coupling part pivotally connected with the second joining part and adapted to connect with the stroller frame, a latch movable between a locking position engaged with the coupling part and an unlocking position disengaged from the coupling part, and a linking mechanism configured to movably couple the latch to the first joining part so that a rotation of the backrest portion in a folding direction causes the latch to disengage from the coupling part, and a rotation of the backrest portion in an unfolding direction causes the latch to engage with the coupling part.

Abstract: A steering wheel cover including a stretch fabric ring having a c-shaped cross-section forming a three-hundred-sixty angular degree circle, a first frictitious layer lining at least some of the inside of the stretch fabric ring excepting an angular fabric-only portion of the three-hundred-sixty degree circle, and a second frictitious layer covering some of the outside of the stretch fabric ring, but not covering the angular fabric-only portion.

Abstract: A steering wheel heater includes: a base material that is wound around a steering wheel; a heater wire that generates heat by an electric current flowing through the heater wire; and a sewing thread that is used to sew the heater wire to one surface of the base material. A plurality of through holes that have a diameter smaller than a sewing pitch of stitches of the sewing thread used to sew the heater wire are formed in the base material.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, a steer by wire steering system includes a handwheel, and a handwheel actuator configured to secure a position of the handwheel. The securing includes determining a transition of the steer by wire steering system to an ingress/egress mode. The securing further includes, based on the determination that the steer by wire steering system is in the ingress/egress mode, computing a holding torque command based on a difference in a present angle of the handwheel and a target angle of the handwheel, which is caused by an input torque. Further, the securing includes generating a holding torque corresponding to the holding torque command to secure the position of the handwheel.

Abstract: A rack and pinion steering apparatus including: a housing; a pinion inserted into the housing and configured to be rotatable; a rack configured to pass through the housing and engage with the pinion so that the rack moves linearly; a support mounted to the housing; and a liner supported by the support, coming into contact with the rack, and having space that stores the lubricant. In the rack and pinion steering apparatus, abrasion of the components may be reduced, and vibration and noise may be mitigated.

Abstract: By using various feedback data on a sprayer system, such as sensed positions of power actuators for turning wheels, an onboard logic controller can be used to fine tune parameters of the steering system in an automatic calibration process. In one aspect, a controller can send an electrical signal to a coil of a hydraulic pump to fully extend a power actuator for turning a wheel in a first direction, then incrementally adjust the signal until a change in position of the power actuator is determined, thereby obtaining a precise magnitude for commanding a full extension of the power actuator. Similarly, the controller can change the signal to fully retract the power actuator for turning the wheel in a second direction, then incrementally adjust the signal until a change in position of the power actuator is determined, thereby obtaining a precise magnitude for commanding a full retraction of the power actuator.

Abstract: A bus with a low and thin passenger platform adapted for standing passengers, seat places are foreseen as well. The bus is an articulated bus with two or more units. It includes a passenger compartment, left steering modules and right steering modules. Each of these steering modules includes: a wheel with a rotation axis, a steering knuckle with an upper pivot joint and a lower pivot joint, a steering actuator for pivoting the corresponding steering knuckle about the upper pivot joint and the lower pivot joint. The bus further including a passenger platform delimiting the passenger compartment and transversally joining the left steering module and the right steering module, and the passenger platform being vertically disposed, at least partially, between the rotation axes of the wheels and the lower pivot joints.

Abstract: Heat radiation base body 23 that is adjacent to electric motor unit EM and extends in direction of rotation shaft 50 of electric motor is provided close to rotation shaft 50 of electric motor. Board 24 of one electronic control unit of redundant system is fixed to heat radiation base body along direction in which heat radiation base body 23 extends with thermal conduction to heat radiation base body 23 allowed. Board 26 of the other electronic control unit of redundant system is fixed to heat radiation base body so as to face to board 24 of one electronic control unit of redundant system, with thermal conduction to heat radiation base body 23 allowed. Size reduction of electric drive device in radial direction can be achieved. Since heat radiates to housing of electric motor unit through heat radiation base body, heat from board can radiate efficiently to the outside.

Abstract: The vehicle control system is applied as a system of a vehicle mounted with an EPS device having an electric motor driven to control the steering angle. The vehicle control system includes a controller configured to perform steering control for controlling an energization of the electric motor to control the steering angle of the wheels. When the wheels are held after being steered by a specific steering in the steering control, the controller performs a steering return process in which the wheels are turned back and held in a direction opposite to a steering direction of the specific steering. And during a stationary steering-holding in which the steering angle is held and the vehicle is stopped, the controller performs an energization suppression process for reducing energization to the electric motor to be smaller than the energization before the stationary steering-holding.

Abstract: Among other things, we describe techniques for electric power steering torque compensation. Techniques are provided for a method implemented by a computer, e.g., a computer onboard an autonomous vehicle. A planning circuit onboard the vehicle and connected to an EPS of the vehicle determines a compensatory torque signal to modify an actual steering angle of a steering wheel of the vehicle to match an expected steering angle of the steering wheel. The planning circuit transmits the compensatory torque signal to a control circuit that controls the steering angle of the steering wheel. The EPS modifies the actual steering angle based on the compensatory torque signal resulting in a modified steering angle. The control circuit operates the vehicle based on the modified steering angle.

Abstract: A steering unit for a vehicle, notably a bus. The steering unit is coupled with a suspension system and comprises: a support formed by a passenger platform and a wheel housing, a longitudinal axis, a steering knuckle with an in-wheel engine defining a transversal rotation axis which is arranged transversally with respect to the longitudinal axis, an actuator mechanism adapted for pivoting the steering knuckle. The steering knuckle further comprises a lever which is linked to the actuator mechanism and which includes a transversal portion extending transversally along the in-wheel engine. The steering unit is adapted for an articulated bus with at least two bodies, said bodies each exhibits four or eight identical and independent steering units.

Abstract: A modular chassis is provided for an off-road vehicle to improve assembly, servicing, and repairing of a drivetrain of the off-road vehicle. The modular chassis includes a chassis to support components of the off-road vehicle. A front frame module couples with a front of the chassis, and a rear frame module couples with a rear of the chassis. The front frame module supports lower suspension arms of the off-road vehicle by way of inboard bushing joints. The front frame module supports at least a steering gear and a front differential of the off-road vehicle. The rear frame module is a tube-frame structure that supports components of the off-road vehicle. A lower portion of the rear frame module extends rearward and acutely upward to a top frame member that couples with upper side portions of the chassis. Several cross-members impart structural integrity to the rear frame module.

Abstract: A yaw angle measuring device for a separable coupling for fifth wheel couplings includes a sensor element and a measuring arrangement, wherein the sensor element is configured to be arranged on a first coupling partner and the measuring arrangement is configured to be arranged on a second coupling partner, wherein the first coupling partner is configured to be mounted by the coupling arrangement such that the first coupling partner is rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to the second coupling partner, wherein the sensor element generates a measuring signal in the measuring arrangement which serves to determine the yaw angle about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to improving lane centering performance of an operator of a vehicle after transitioning from an automated mode of operation to a manual mode of operation. In one embodiment, a method includes, in response to detecting a transition to the manual mode of operation, modifying a sensitivity level of a lane positioning system from a first value to a second value to induce finer path following by the operator. The method includes controlling the lane positioning system according to the sensitivity level. The method also includes resetting the sensitivity level to the first value upon determining that a deviation score satisfies a stability threshold. The deviation score characterizes deviations of the vehicle from a centerline resulting from operator control inputs.

Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a lane change control unit that controls a lane change on the basis of an operation input to operation input units provided on a steering unit. In the case that the operation input to a first operation input unit, which is positioned on one side in a vehicle widthwise direction with respect to a center of a steering wheel, is detected, the lane change control unit performs a lane change into a lane located on one side of a host vehicle lane, whereas in the case that the operation input to a second operation input unit, which is positioned on another side in the vehicle widthwise direction with respect to the center of the steering wheel, is detected, the lane change control unit performs a lane change into a lane located on another side of the host vehicle lane.

Abstract: A display controller includes: an image data acquisition unit that acquires image data as a result of capturing an image with an image capturing unit which captures an image of a situation around a vehicle; and a display processing unit that displays a display screen which includes a first region displaying a surrounding image that is generated based on the image data and indicates the situation around the vehicle and a second region other than the first region on a display unit, and changes a display mode of at least a part of at least one of the first region and the second region on the display screen depending on whether or not proxy control is executed to perform at least a part of a driving operation of the vehicle by proxy for a driver.

Abstract: Upon determining a position of a pothole relative to a predicted vehicle path, one or more lights in a linear arrangement of lights are actuated based on the position of the pothole relative to the vehicle path.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to aiding a user navigating a vehicle by displaying on a display device, a view of a front or rear of the vehicle with three-dimensional guideline walls overlaying the view. In one embodiment, a method includes, acquiring data that specifies a steering angle for the vehicle. The method includes determining, based on the steering angle data, a left three-dimensional guideline wall and a right three-dimensional guideline wall that together identify a potential path of travel for the vehicle. Each three-dimensional guideline wall has a height based at least on a height of a portion of the vehicle, and wherein the left and right three-dimensional guideline walls have a distance therebetween based at least on a width of the vehicle.

Abstract: A frame arrangement for a vehicle may include a first side member and a second side member that each have an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portions are spaced laterally apart by a first distance, and the lower portions are spaced laterally apart by a second distance less than the first distance. The frame arrangement may further include a first battery positioned between the lower portions of the side members, and a second battery positioned between the upper portions of the side members.

Abstract: The invention relates to an auxiliary frame for a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle, with a longitudinal member composed of metal sheets, which has bearing connection points for a transverse control arm connection, the bearing connection points being formed in a bearing section of the longitudinal member which is open towards the wheel carrier side, wherein the bearing section is formed from a first single-shell metal sheet and a second single-shell metal sheet, wherein the second single-shell metal sheet is connected to the first single-shell metal sheet by means of a weld seam, wherein the first single-shell metal sheet has at least one of the bearing connection points, and wherein the second single-shell metal sheet has at least one of the bearing connection points.

Abstract: A vehicle chassis including a vehicle frame defining an inner space and being operable to switch between a first expanded state and a collapsed state, and a loading device mounted to the inner space and removably connected to the vehicle frame. The loading device defines a first loading surface when the vehicle frame is in the first expanded state, and the loading device defines a second loading surface that is smaller than the first loading surface when the vehicle frame is in the collapsed state.

Abstract: A hollow interconnecting member for connecting vehicular frame members is provided. The hollow interconnecting member is formed of a metal material and defines a centerline. The hollow interconnecting member comprises a first end and a second end. The centerline extends through the first end and the second end. A plurality of walls cooperate to define a continuous passageway that extends between the first end and the second end and defines a first opening and a second opening at the first end and the second end, respectively. The hollow interconnecting member is formed as an as-cast one-piece construction.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure including: a pair of left and right first vehicle body framework members manufactured by die-casting, and being provided at vehicle width direction outer sides of a vehicle and extending along a vehicle front-rear direction; a pair of left and right second vehicle body framework members manufactured from sheet steel and being joined to a length direction end portion of a corresponding first vehicle body framework member and extending along the vehicle front-rear direction; and a load transmission portion provided at either the first vehicle body framework members or the second vehicle body framework members, the load transmission portion configured to abut the other the first vehicle body framework members or the second vehicle body framework members when a collision load acting substantially along the vehicle front-rear direction is input to the first vehicle body framework members or the second vehicle body framework members.

Abstract: An automotive frame part that is an A-pillar-lower part, the A-pillar-lower part including: an outer panel having approximately a T-shape in planar view and a cross section intersecting a portion corresponding to a horizontal side and a vertical side of the T-shape is a hat-shaped cross section including a top portion, a side wall portion, and a flange portion; an inner panel being connected to the flange portion and forming a closed cross section with the outer panel; and plastic stiffening members that each have one end connected to an inner surface of the outer panel and another end connected to an inner surface of the inner panel, wherein the shape and the disposition of the stiffening members are set based on an analysis result from a shape optimization analysis method and each of the stiffening members has a columnar shape or a columnar shape with both end parts bulging.