Abstract: Sleep environment control systems adjust sleep environments independently for individual users. A sleep environment control system delivers multiple environment adjustments via one opening to a user supported by a mattress. The environment adjustments include airflow, water vapor, light, and sound. The sleep environment control system can be placed in adjacent to the mattress thereby to deliver the environment adjustments to the user. The environment adjustments are delivered to the user in a localized fashion such that they do not disrupt other users. The sleep environment control system further generates the one or more environment adjustments.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices that provide a therapeutic solution to alleviate the pain and discomfort of phantom limb syndrome are disclosed. The methods and systems of the present invention generally comprise capturing data from recording devices operably coupled to a processor and/or computing device, the recording devices configured to capture data associated with intact portions of a missing limb, one or more intact limbs and/or portions of the environment surrounding the missing limb, identifying the data captured, generating a three-dimensional virtual image of the missing limb and the surrounding environment from the data captured, and displaying the three-dimensional virtual image and the portions of the surrounding environment to the amputee such that the missing limb appears intact. The present invention advantageously provides a therapeutic and more immediate solution to alleviate the pain and discomfort from phantom limb syndrome.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method for creating a curvature on a medical device during a medical procedure, for example, selecting a curvature from a curve database, customizing the curvature for a specific patient anatomy, and applying the curvature to the medical device during the medical procedure.

Abstract: Methods and catheters suitable for removing or reducing the formation of cellular occlusion associated the catheters. The catheters include a surface coated or infused with magnetic nanoparticles. Once the catheter is implanted in a subject, the nanoparticles induce localized hyperthermia around the catheter in response to a magnetic field.

Abstract: An intravascular medical device is prepared for shipping by being sealed within a sterile volume of a package. Prior to closing the package, an intravenous liquid solution is pumped into and through the medical device to displace all air bubbles. The liquid is pumped at sterilization temperatures corresponding to when the liquid has a low viscosity, but the liquid is chosen to have a relatively high viscosity at room temperatures corresponding to when the package is opened for use. The liquid solution remains adsorbed to the interior surfaces of the medical device at room temperature against a force of gravity. The strategy reduces the risk of air embolism when a medical device is put into use.

Abstract: A catheter that comprises a hub, an elongated conduit, and at least one lumen therein. The lumen includes a proximal lumen section, a distal lumen section, and an intermediate lumen section extending between the proximal and distal lumen sections. The cross-sectional dimension of the intermediate lumen section is less than the cross-sectional dimension of the distal lumen section. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the intermediate lumen section is less than the cross-sectional dimension of the proximal lumen section. In certain embodiments, the lumen tapers from the distal and/or proximal lumen sections to the intermediate lumen section.

Abstract: A hub assembly is provided for accommodating a medical professional to grip and manipulate two components of a catheter hub and move one component longitudinally relative to the other, then removably engaging the two components of the catheter hub to restrict movement there between. The two catheter hub components include a proximal hub and a distal hub. The proximal hub and the distal hub are configured to removably engage with one another. The proximal hub is affixed to a first catheter member, such as a multi-lumen catheter, while the distal hub is affixed to a second catheter member, such as a sheath. The first catheter member and the second catheter member are cooperatively engaged and concentric with one another. Relative movement of the proximal and distal hubs translates into relative movement of the first and second catheter members.

Abstract: A lead delivery apparatus and a method of delivering a medical lead to an anatomic target site. The method includes inserting a hydraulic plug into an internal delivery lumen of a delivery shaft, and coupling a medical lead to the hydraulic plug. Hydraulic pressure is applied to the hydraulic plug through the delivery lumen, thereby moving the hydraulic plug toward an anatomic target site, and advancing the medical lead toward the target site.

Abstract: A guide extension catheter includes a push member and a distal shaft coupled to and extending distally from the push member. The distal shaft includes a shaft wall and a passageway. The shaft wall includes a helically-shaped proximal end and a distal end. The helically-shaped proximal end coils helically about a first central longitudinal axis of the passageway of the distal shaft. The helically-shaped proximal end of the shaft wall defines a helically-shaped entry port of the distal shaft. The distal shaft may include a helically-shaped collar coupled to the helically-shaped proximal end of the distal shaft, the collar defining the helically-shaped entry port of the distal shaft.

Abstract: A surgical clamp comprises a pair of opposing jaws moveable relative to each other between a closed position and first and second open positions. The opposing jaws remain substantially parallel to one another when moving between the closed position and the first open position. The opposing jaws remain non-parallel to one another when moving between the first open position and the second open position.

Abstract: An axial support structure for a flexible elongate device includes a plurality of rigid links. each link comprises a shaft, a pair of male joint connectors comprising a male tab coplanar with the shaft extending from a first end, and a pair of female joint connectors comprising a female tab coplanar with the shaft extending from a second end. Each of the male joint connectors includes a pin extending from the male tab in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the shaft and each female tab defines an aperture. Each of the plurality of rigid links is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to neighboring links among the plurality of rigid links, thereby aligning each pair of male joint connectors with a neighboring pair of female joint connectors to form pin joints in which each aperture encircles a corresponding pin.

Abstract: A medical article, such as a catheter hub or extension set, is stabilized on a patient with a retainer and a dressing integrally attached to an anchor pad supporting the retainer. The catheter hub or extension set may be integrally formed with the retainer. The retainer may comprise a channel and an integral strap. The channel may include an abutment. One or more of the anchor pad, dressing, and catheter may comprise an antibacterial or antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a device for securing a medical implement to the body of a patient such as an IV catheter. The device preferably comprises a base with an insertion site viewing window connected to a luer interconnection cushion at an articulation point and separated from the cushion by a gap. The bottom surface has an adhesive. The device further has a cover with a luer interconnection window, where the bottom surface of the cover also has an adhesive to secure a luer lock of a catheter. The device can also be placed on the Luer interconnection cushion to secure a central IV catheter. The device preferably is made of adhesive foam padding and the insertion site window is polyurethane film. The cover can be connected to the cushion at a lateral pivot. The device can be stored on release paper until used.

Abstract: A needle device includes a catheter tube attached to a catheter hub, a needle attached to a needle hub, and a needle guard. The catheter hub has an interior cavity and a projection extending from an interior surface in the interior cavity. The needle projects through the catheter tube and has a needle tip extending out a distal end of the catheter tube in a ready position, a proximal end attached to a needle hub, and a shaft having a shaft diameter region, a reduced diameter region, and at least one transition region between the shaft diameter region and the reduced diameter region. The needle guard has a proximal wall and two arms extending distal the proximal wall. The two arms press against the shaft in the ready position and secure the needle tip in the protective position.

Abstract: A catheter assembly comprises a catheter (18), a needle (12) having a sharp distal tip disposed within the catheter (18), a catheter hub (14) connected to the catheter (18) having the needle (12) passing therethrough, the catheter hub (14) including a valve (38) that selectively permits or blocks a flow of fluid through the catheter (18), a valve actuator (54) that moves between a first position and a second position, and a return member (56) that returns the valve actuator (54) from the second position to the first position, and a needle protection member (176) that encloses the sharp distal tip of the needle (12).

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for providing access to a patient. The patient access device comprises a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen therethrough. The patient access device further comprises a hollow shaft, an input port and a liquid supply port. At least a portion of the lumen passes through the shaft. The input port is coupled to the lumen, and the lumen and the input port are constructed and arranged to receive an elongate probe. The liquid supply port is in fluid communication with the lumen. The patient access is constructed and arranged to reduce gas from exiting the distal end while a portion of the elongate probe is positioned in the patient access device.

Abstract: A medical elongated body is disclosed, which is able to make a nick in a stenosed site and is capable of preferably widening the stenosed site in which the nick is made. A balloon catheter is disclosed, which includes a shaft, a dilation member that is fixed to the shaft on a distal side, and an elastic member that is disposed on an inner surface of the dilation member. The dilation member includes a projection portion, which is a part of the dilation member protruding in a radial direction due to the elastic member disposed at a position where the inner surfaces of the dilation member face each other. A material of the elastic member is configured to be a material, which is further stretched than a material of the dilation member in a circumferential direction when the dilation member dilates.

Abstract: A medical balloon catheter including a catheter shaft and an inflatable balloon secured to a distal portion of the catheter shaft. One or more cutting blades are secured to the inflatable balloon by a first polymeric adhesive material forming a mounting pad encasing a base portion of the cutting blade therein, and a second polymeric adhesive material adhesively bonding the mounting pad to a surface of the balloon. The first polymeric adhesive material has a first ductility and the second polymeric adhesive material has a second ductility greater than the first ductility.

Abstract: A blood clot removal device for removing blood clots from the vascular system of a patient is implantable in the patient's body. The blood clot removal device comprises a blood flow passageway, a filter provided in the blood flow passageway for filtering blood clots, and a cleaning device for cleaning the filter. By means of such blood clot removal device and system, the risk of blood clots reaching sensitive areas of the patient's body, such as the brain, is reduced.

Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.

Abstract: Described are methods and therapeutic compositions and combinations for treating and/or preventing medical conditions, by application of non-thermal plasma to the skin. Also described are methods and compositions for treating and/or preventing various medical conditions, by application of non-thermal plasma to the skin, followed by topical application of a therapeutic composition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for applying an fragment of a neurotoxin such as the active light chain (LC) of the botulinum toxin (BoNT), such as one of the serotype A, B, C, D, E, F or G botulinum toxins, via permeabilization of targeted cell membranes to enable translocation of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain (BoNT-LC) molecule across the targeted cell membrane to the cell cytosol where a therapeutic response is produced in a mammalian system. The methods and apparatus include use of catheter based delivery systems, non-invasive delivery systems, and transdermal delivery systems.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a cardiac signal sensing circuit configured for coupling electrically to a plurality of electrodes and to sense intrinsic cardiac activation at three or more locations within a subject's body using the electrodes; a stimulus circuit configured for coupling to the plurality of electrodes; a signal processing circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and configured to determine a baseline intrinsic activation vector according to the sensed intrinsic cardiac activation; and a control circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and stimulus circuit and configured to: initiate delivery of electrical pacing therapy using initial pacing parameters determined according to the baseline intrinsic activation vector; initiate sensing of a paced activation vector; and adjust one or more pacing therapy parameters according to the paced activation vector.

Abstract: A device for applying a product to be distributed on user's skin by iontophoresis, includes a body intended to receive the product to be distributed, including an electric current generator; and an applicator head mounted on the body, the applicator head including: a device for distributing the product to be distributed on the skin; and a first electrode and a second electrode that are separated by an interelectrode zone, the first electrode and the second electrode to receive an electric current from the generator.

Abstract: Example defibrillator electrode assemblies compression assemblies are described that may be dimensioned and configured for use on a patient despite physical constraints that limit the area or locations on a patient onto which an electrode assembly may be placed. A cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) assembly is also described that protects a patient with a transthoracic incision from further injury during application of CPR compressions proximate to the incision.

Abstract: Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, can be mechanically secured to an electrode of an implantable device using a non-swellable shell. Hydrogel can be applied to an electrode surface and then mechanically constrained in place by a non-swellable shell. The non-swellable material can be secured to a substrate supporting an electrode or can otherwise surround an electrode and the hydrogel. The non-swellable shell can include openings or passthroughs that allow for electrical conduction across the non-swellable shell. The hydrogel can extend out of the openings to contact adjacent biological tissue. In some cases, an outer layer of hydrogel can surround the non-swellable shell and connected to the inner layer of hydrogel through the openings of the non-swellable shell.

Abstract: An intraseptal multi-electrode cardiac pacemaker has a plurality of first individual electrodes implanted at an interventricular septum at varying depths and/or lateral distances from the distal end of a flexible conduit and configured to provide a cardiac pacing therapy by stimulating left bundle branch conduction fibers. A plurality of second individual electrodes may also be implanted in the septum at suitable depths to stimulate conduction fibers of the right bundle branch. After implantation, first and second individual electrodes are interrogated to select a subset of electrodes suitable to deliver the pacing therapy according to a predetermined criterion such as capturing the left ventricle or capturing the right ventricle via normal conduction system of the heart at the lowest voltage level via corresponding bundle branches. A combination of the pacemaker with a cardioverter/defibrillator is provided by positioning a defibrillator coil near the distal end of the flexible conduit of the pacemaker.

Abstract: Methods and systems for obtaining and analyzing electromyography responses of electrodes of an implanted neurostimulation lead for use neurostimulation programming are provided herein. System setups for neural localization and/or programming include a clinician programmer coupleable with a temporary or permanent lead implantable in a patient and at least one pair of EMG sensing electrodes minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface or within the patient. The clinician programmer is configured to determine a plurality of recommended electrode configurations based on thresholds and EMG responses of the plurality of electrodes and rank the electrode configuration according to pre-determined criteria.

Abstract: Methods and devices for treating erectile dysfunction are disclosed. Methods are aimed at reducing blood outflow from penile tissue by delivering energy to specific penile tissue that controls blood outflow from the penile tissue and causing remodeling of the specific penile tissue. Devices may be configured to generate RF energy and to apply the generated RF energy to a penis to thereby elevate a temperature of internal penile tissue above a predetermined temperature value while maintaining a penile surface below a predetermined temperature threshold. The predetermined temperature value may be set to initiate synthesis and/or a regeneration of collagen fibers in a collagen-rich penile connective tissue and/or to increase oxygenation of endothelial cells, initiate angiogenesis and neovascularization in a vascular penile tissue. Additionally, electrical penile stimulation is disclosed, possibly applicable in conjuncture with the erectile dysfunction treatment.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for managing pain of a subject. A system may include one or more sensors configured to sense a signal indicative of muscle electrical or mechanical activity at a specific body location. The muscle electrical or mechanical activity signal may include an electromyography or a mechanical contraction signal. A pain analyzer circuit may extract from the sensed signal one or more signal metrics indicative of muscle tension, and generate a pain score using the signal metrics. The pain score may be output to a user or a process. The system may include a neurostimulator that can adaptively control the delivery of pain therapy by automatically adjusting stimulation parameters based on the pain score.

Abstract: A circuit includes first and second current control sub-circuits connected in series between a DC supply voltage node and a reference voltage node and third and fourth current control sub-circuits connected in series between the DC supply voltage node and the reference voltage node. The circuit also includes a DC/DC converter with a first input terminal coupled to the first load node between the first and second current control sub-circuits, a second input terminal coupled to a second load node between the third and fourth current control sub-circuits, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal. The circuit further includes output electrodes, a routing sub-circuit for selectively coupling the output electrodes to the output terminals, and a controller configured for operating the routing sub-circuit and the current control sub-circuits to cause the DC/DC converter to supply biphasic pulses for at least one of the pairs of output electrodes.

Abstract: Information relevant to making clinical decisions for a patient is identified based on electrical activity records of the patient's brain and electrical activity records of other patients' brains. A deep learning algorithm is applied to an electrical activity record of the patient, i.e., an input record, and to a set of electrical activity records of other patients, i.e., a set of search records, to obtain an input feature vector of the patient and a set of search feature vectors, each including features extracted by the deep learning algorithm. A similarities algorithm is applied to the input feature vector and the set of search feature vectors to identify a subset of search records most like the input record. Clinical information associated with one or more search records in the identified subset of search records is extracted from a database and used to make decisions regarding the patient's neuromodulation therapies.

Abstract: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrodes are positioned within (or adjacent to) white matter fiber tracts in a brain of patient. The DBS electrodes may be positioned near one or more stimulation sites within the white matter fiber tracts. The stimulation sites may be selected based on the disorder of the patient. In some examples, the stimulation sites may be selected based on one or more symptoms of the patient. In some examples, additional electrodes may be positioned in another area to collect bioelectrical brain signals. The area in which the additional electrodes are placed is an area that is different from the stimulation site but is targeted by stimulation therapy provided at the stimulation site.

Abstract: A system and method to sense heart sounds with one or more implantable medical devices according to one or more signal processing parameters. The method alters one or more of the parameters as a function of one or more physiologic triggering events. The method then senses heart sounds with the one or more implantable medical devices according to at least the one or more altered signal processing parameters.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, a wearable cardiac device is provided. The wearable cardiac device includes a garment worn about a torso of a patient, at least one sensing electrode to monitor cardiac activity of the patient, and a controller including a plurality of separate and distinct modules distributed about and/or integrated into the garment. The plurality of separate and distinct modules includes, for example, an operations module coupled to the at least one sensing electrode and configured to detect at least one cardiac condition of the patient and/or a communications module coupled to the operations module to communicate with an external device. In some examples, the wearable cardiac device may be configured as a treatment device and include an energy storage module coupled to at least one therapy electrode and configured to store energy for at least one therapeutic shock to be applied to the patient.

Abstract: A method for programming a neurostimulator includes automatically performing a series of steps. One or more control elements may be actuated to select the series of steps from a plurality of series of steps stored in a memory of an external control device. One or more control elements may be actuated during the performance of the series of steps in order to cause one of the steps to pause, stop, restart, skip, or repeat. The series of steps may be a series of pre-programming steps, and the method may further include programming the neurostimulator after the series of pre-programming steps is performed. An external device for programming the neurostimulator includes control circuitry configured for automatically performing the series of steps, and a user interface including the one or more control elements configured for being actuated. The control device also includes the memory for storing the plurality of series of steps.

Abstract: An implantable photovoltaic device. The implantable photovoltaic device includes: at least two solar microcells configured to absorb sunlight; a thin film wire configured to connecting the at least two solar microcells to each other; a film configured to support the solar microcells; an upper encapsulation layer configured to encapsulate an upper side of the solar microcells and shield the solar microcells from the outside; and a lower encapsulation layer configured to encapsulate a lower side of the film and connect to the encapsulation layer. According to the idea of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a photovoltaic device which stably and harmlessly operates in a living body.

Abstract: A patient-worn arrhythmia monitoring and treatment device includes a pair of therapy electrodes and at least one pair of sensing electrodes disposed proximate to the skin and configured to continually sense at least one ECG signal of the patient over an extended period of time. The device includes a therapy delivery circuit coupled to the pair of therapy electrodes and configured to deliver one or more therapeutic pulses. A controller coupled to therapy delivery circuit is configured to analyze the at least one ECG signal and detect one or more treatable arrhythmias and cause the therapy delivery circuit to deliver the one or more therapeutic pulses to the patient. At least one of the one or more therapeutic pulses is formed as a biphasic waveform delivering within 15 percent of 360 J of energy to a patient body having a transthoracic impedance from about 20 to about 200 ohms.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation treatment regime includes identifying a target area of a patient. In one embodiment, the target area is the vagus nerve. An electromagnetic radiation source, for example, a low frequency and/or radio frequency electromagnetic radiation source, is selected, along with treatment session parameters, such as, pulse frequency, pulse duration, electrical current, magnetic flux density, and/or treatment session exposure time. An amount of electromagnetic radiation is applied to the target area, and a response to the electromagnetic radiation in the target area is measured. Based on an evaluation of the measured response, the treatment parameters may be modified for one or more subsequent electromagnetic radiation treatment session.

Abstract: An interstitial laser therapy control system is disclosed. The control system includes a thermistor controller apparatus, a microprocessor, a storage device, at least one input device, a display, an electro-mechanical shutter switch, an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff switch, and an electro-mechanical master power switch. The microprocessor is configured to monitor temperatures detected by one or more thermistors connected to the thermistor controller. Based on the temperatures, the microprocessor determines when treatment has been successful and when application of laser energy needs to be halted. The control system also enables an operator to pause and resume treatment using the input device. The electro-mechanical shutter switch sends a signal to a laser source to close a shutter on the laser. The electro-mechanical emergency stop button causes power to be cut off to the laser source.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the inactivation of infectious agents in, on or around a catheter residing in a patient's body cavity. The method comprises a coupling adapter for facilitating the transmission of non-ultraviolet sterilizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) substantially axially along an optical element into the catheter body. Through delivery of the sterilizing EMR to particular areas of highest infection, the present disclosure is able to inactivate the major sources of infection in catheters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a treatment assessment device (37) for assessing a treatment of a subject, wherein a current treatment is tracked by a tracking unit (15, 30) and previous conformance values being indicative of previous degrees of conformance of previous treatments with previous treatment plans are provided. A visualization unit (34) generates a visualization being indicative of a current degree of conformance of the current treatment with the current treatment plan in relation to the previous degrees of conformance based on the tracking of the current treatment, the current treatment plan and the provided previous conformance values. The visualization can be shown on a display such that a physician can see how well the current treatment conforms to the treatment plan in comparison to the degree of conformance achieved in previous treatments, thereby providing an assessment of the quality of the current treatment in relation to previous treatments.

Abstract: A chamber (422) for a cryostat (420) includes: first and second annular sections (4221, 4222) separated and spaced apart from each other along a first direction, and a third annular section (4223) extending in the first direction between the first and second annular sections and connecting the first and second annular sections to each other. The first and second annular sections define corresponding first and second internal volumes, the third annular section defines a third internal volume, and the third internal volume is substantially less than the first internal volume and substantially less than the second internal volume.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for supporting radiation treatment planning for a patient. In an embodiment, the method includes acquiring computed tomography image data for the patient, which has been acquired from the patient using a computed tomography device; allocating magnetic resonance image data to the computed tomography image data using the computed tomography image data, wherein the magnetic resonance image data has been acquired from at least one examination subject that differs from the patient using a magnetic resonance unit; and providing the computed tomography image data together with the magnetic resonance image data allocated to the computed tomography image data to support the radiation treatment planning for the patient.

Abstract: A method for quantifying radiation beam conformity includes: obtaining first information regarding a prescribed aperture; obtaining second information regarding an actual aperture defined by components of a collimator; and determining, using a processing unit, a metric based on the first information regarding the prescribed aperture and the second information regarding the actual aperture, wherein the metric indicates an amount of over-exposed aperture area, an amount of under-exposed aperture area, or both, and wherein the processing unit comprises one or more input for receiving the first and second information, and comprises a metric determination module configured to determine the metric based on the first information and the second information.

Abstract: A system for particle beam therapy has an adjustable gantry for beam delivery to a patient site. The gantry has a beam coupling section, a first beam bending section with beam deflection and/or focusing magnets. A beam transport section receiving the particle beam from the first beam bending section and guiding the particle beam to a second beam bending section. The beam exits at a window of a beam nozzle. A patient table/chair is rotatable in the horizontal plane or in a plane being parallel to the horizontal plane and optionally being adjustable vertically. The gantry is supported by a tilting mechanism allowing the gantry to be tilted vertically by an angle ?1?[?90°; +90°]. A rotation mechanism is disposed in a way that the second beam bending section and the beam nozzle are rotatable by an angle ?2?[?180°; +180°] around a direction given by the angle ?1.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for quickly detecting a fall and alerting appropriate parties of the fall. A fall protection device may comprise a fall detection module operable to sense when a fall occurs and generate wireless beacon, where the beacon may be received (or picked up) by any number of wireless devices, including wireless gateways, monitoring stations, and mobile devices.

Abstract: An intumescent fire resistance device for closing breaches in walls or ceilings, contains a plurality of planar carriers which are provided with an intumescent coating on at least one side. The carriers are secured to one another at least partially overlapping in an overlap region such that a strip or ring is produced the length of which is longer than the length of an individual carrier.

Abstract: System and methods to provide ceiling-only suppression fire protection of up to fifty feet (50 ft.) of rack storage of cartoned unexpanded plastic commodities and less hazardous commodities, such as for example, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4 and/or combinations thereof beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to fifty-five feet (55 ft.). The systems and methods provide for hydraulic and system parameters that include a hydraulic design area based upon five to no more than twelve hydraulically most remote sprinklers spaced at a preferred sprinkler-to-sprinkler spacing of eight to ten feet (8-10 ft.) coupled to two to four branch lines tied to a common cross main supply pipe of firefighting fluid.

Abstract: A flow test assembly for testing fire sprinkler systems includes a connector configured to attach to a sprinkler head orifice to be tested, a conduit downstream of the connector, a pressure gauge downstream of the conduit, and a flow totalizer downstream of the pressure gauge. Water enters the assembly through the connector to the sprinkler head and flows through the components of the assembly downstream of the connector. The water exits the system through the drainage hose.