Abstract: A bow includes: a bow body; a first string cam provided on one end of the bow body to be rotatable, one end of a string being fixed to the first string cam; a first small diameter cam rotated with the first string cam, one end of a cable being wound on the first small diameter cam; a first large diameter cam rotated with the first string cam, one end of a cable being wound on the first large diameter cam; a second string cam provided on the other end of the bow body to be rotatable, the other end of the string being fixed to the second string cam; a second small diameter cam rotated with the second string cam, the other end of the cable being wound on the second small diameter cam; and a second large diameter cam rotated with the second string cam, the other end of the cable being wound on the second large diameter cam.

Abstract: A mid-limb cam crossbow system may comprise an elongated beam; a bow assembly engaged with the beam and having a pair of limbs; the pair of limbs being a first limb and a second limb, wherein the first limb has a proximate end and a distal end offset from the proximate end by a length L1, and the second limb has a proximate end and a distal end offset from the proximate end by a length L2. A first cam may be engaged with the first limb at a first cam mount point offset from the proximate end of the first limb by a length between (0.15)L1 and (0.75)L1. A second cam may be engaged with the second limb at a second cam mount point offset from the proximate end of the second limb by a length between (0.15)L2 and (0.75)L2.

Abstract: An arrow rest is moveable between an encapturing configuration and a discharge configuration. The arrow rest comprises a body, a first arm, and a second arm. The first arm is movably mounted with respect to the body. The second arm is also movably mounted with respect to the body. Responsive to movement from the encapturing configuration to the discharge configuration a first portion of the first arm and a first portion of the second arm operate to move away from each other, while a second portion of the first arm and a second portion of the second arm operate to move toward each other.

Abstract: A tapered arrow launcher is disclosed as it may be implemented with an arrow launch platform (or arrow rest) for an archery bow. An example tapered arrow rest launcher may include an arrow support end, and a mounting end. The arrow support end of the arrow rest launcher is thinner than the mounting end, resulting in a thickness that is tapered along one or more sections. With this arrangement, fatigue forces and work hardening forces do not concentrate at the mounting end of the tapered arrow launcher when arrows are launched with the arrow launch platform.

Abstract: An arrow rest arrangement in a capture style arrow rest for an archery bow. The arrow capture portion may be formed as an inverted brush. The arrow capture portion defines a central aperture through which an arrow shaft extends. The aperture may include two straight slanted lower side portions forming a “V” profile to support the arrow.

Abstract: An archery release device and method are disclosed herein. The archery release device, in an embodiment, includes a trigger, a leverage link and a cord holder. In the hold arrangement, the trigger, the leverage link and the cord holder are coupled together through a direct connection or an indirect connection. The coupling, direct or indirect, causes the cord holder to hold a draw cord when the cord holder is subject to a pulling force. In the release arrangement, a release interface of the leverage link is decoupled from the trigger, and another release interface of the leverage link is decoupled from the cord holder.

Abstract: A device for attaching to a firearm holster such that the firearm hostler is attachable inside or outside a wearer's waistband. The device includes a ring assembly and a hook assembly. The hook assembly attaches the holster body to a waistband or a belt of the wearer. The device also includes a clasp assembly that attaches to the hook assembly. The clasp assembly is configured for removably attaching the hook assembly to the ring assembly such that the hook assembly is positioned either in a first configuration or a second configuration. In the first configuration the hook assembly is configured to hook onto the waistband when the holster body is worn inside the wearer's waistband. In the second configuration the hook assembly is configured to hook onto the belt or waistband when the holster body is worn outside the wearer's waistband.

Abstract: A launcher device for launching ammunition or weapons provided with primers, contains a plurality of launch tubes combined so as to form a launcher battery. Each of the launch tubes is loaded with ammunition or a weapon, and each of the launch tubes is closed off by a cover. A device is provided for detecting damage to the covers closing off the launch tubes.

Abstract: A collapsible reflective optical sight for a firearm, including a base configured to mount the collapsible reflective optical sight to a firearm; a lens attached to and able to rotate with respect to the base, wherein the lens includes an optic with a reflective surface, and the lens is able to be folded with respect to the base to store the lens in a collapsed configuration and is able to be angled with respect to the base to aim the firearm with the lens in a deployed configuration; a light source on the base that reflects a light off the reflective surface of the optic to aim the firearm; and a mechanical sight adjustably mounted to the base to aim the firearm. Additionally, the collapsible reflective optical sight can include a firearm and a hood.

Abstract: Aim enhancing systems are provided for deterrent devices. In one aspect an aim enhancing system has a light emitting system; an optical element, a housing holding the laser system and the light emitting system and having an opening through which a light from the light emitting system can pass from inside the housing to outside the housing and an optical element receiving surface against which an outer surface of the optical element can be positioned, resilient biasing member having an opening through which the light can pass, an outer surface arranged to confront an inner surface of the optical element, and an inner surface; and a pressure surface pressing the inner surface of the resilient biasing member toward the optical element to resiliently hold the inner receiving surface against the outer surface of the optical element.

Abstract: A laser aiming and illumination device is configured to be mounted onto a shot shell firearm such that mounting the device onto the shot shell firearm does not require permanent alteration of the shot shell firearm, the shot shell firearm having a trigger, a grip, a lower portion and an upper portion having a side surface, the laser aiming and illumination device.

Abstract: A point of aim shows where a weapon is aimed on a target. An electronic device determines an impact location on the target of a projectile fired from the weapon, determines a distance from the point of aim to the impact location, and moves the point of aim in order to sight the weapon to the target.

Abstract: Sighting systems and respective methods are provided, which utilize one or more image sensors to capture target images and display them in a display device, in association with a sight symbol, at a specified region which is reflected toward the user. Another part of the display device is used to provide a graphical user interface which allows the user adjust the sight symbol for boresighting and for further operational needs. The display device and associated optical elements are held by a housing attached to the firearm. Internal and/or external information may be presented on the reflected display part to provide and enhance the displayed information. The sighting system may utilize a single flat touchscreen to provide both the image with the sight symbol, which is reflected from the touchscreen toward the user, and the user interface.

Abstract: An anti-ballistic door having a keyed joint assembly substantially defining an inner perimeter of the door, and a bullet persistent panel secured internal to the door using the keyed joint assembly. The anti-ballistic door has up to a UL 752-Level 8 protection rating having a lower weight relative to conventional anti-ballistic doors and is sized to fit within conventionally sized door frames. An anti-ballistic panel is additionally provided having a keyed joint assembly substantially defining an inner perimeter of the panel, and a bullet persistent panel secured internal to the panel using the keyed joint assembly. The anti-ballistic panel has up to a UL 752-Level 8 protection rating.

Abstract: Implementations of conductive energy weapons (CEWs) may include a shock generating circuit configured to couple to a power source, two electrodes operatively coupled to the shock generating circuit, and a safety circuit operatively coupled to the shock generating circuit. The shock generating circuit may be configured to generate a first pulse train and deliver the first pulse train to a target, and may be configured to generate at least a second pulse train and deliver the at least second pulse train to a target. The safety circuit may be configured to prevent the CEW from applying pulse trains to the target after a predetermined number of pulse trains. The first pulse train may include two or more pulses having waveforms substantially identical with each other, each of the waveforms of the two or more pulses having both a positive voltage segment and a negative voltage segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a vitals target may include a processor, an output device, and a non-transitory storage medium. The output device is communicatively connected to the processor. The non-transitory storage medium may include a number of module. The number of modules may include a target distance identify module, a target animal identify module, a vital zone determine module, a first distance identify module, and a target calculate module. The target distance identify module that identifies a target set distance for a target configuration. The target animal identify module identifies an animal being simulated. The first distance identify module identifying a first distance being simulated at the target set distance. The target calculate module rendering the vital zone for a target distance. The output generate module causing the output device to generate a vitals target.

Abstract: A shot tracking and feedback system is disclosed that uses a camera to track a shot fired from a weapon and a moving target, such as a clay target. Radar may be used in conjunction with the camera to track the shot and the moving target. Tracking the moving target and the shot allows for determination of the paths of the shot and the target to determine and provide performance feedback, such as whether the shot was above or below the target and/or to the left or right of the target. The performance feedback and additional information may be provided on a display of the system or a user device having a display (e.g., watch, smartphone, etc.). A user may utilize the presented information to improve shooting accuracy.

Abstract: A power free step auto reset clay thrower consisting of a base, a stepping rod, a support, a throwing arm holder, a throwing arm and an elastic member is disclosed. When the stepping rod is depressed, the throwing arm is forced by a first spring to move a link and a first linking member in turning the throwing arm forward for causing generation of a centrifugal force to throw a clay away from the throwing arm. When the throwing arm is thrown forward, the eccentric pivot joint stretches the elastic member. When the pedal is stopped, the elastic member restores the pedal, and the throwing arm is also returned to its original position where the rear side of the sidewall of the throwing arm is stopped by the top side of the trigger arm. Since there is no need to additionally install a motor for driving the throwing arm to restore the position, the invention has the advantages of saving power and environmental protection and can save motor assembly and component costs.

Abstract: A broadhead arrow tip with independent suspension expandable blades is disclosed. It has an elongated ferrule body with a first slot oriented lengthwise therein which bifurcates the front end into two portions. A second slot oriented lengthwise within the body is situated between the first slot and the body's back end. The second slot is open to the body's side surfaces and is transversely wider than the first. Expandable blades are independently suspended within the second slot by a retaining pin passing through oblong apertures through an end of the blades. The blade ends have a thickness of one-third or less than the transverse width of the second slot. A threaded tip is securable on a threaded surface at the body's front end. Securement of the tip deflects the front portions toward one another, narrowing the first slot which holds the blades in a stowed positioned when placed therein.

Abstract: An electronically tracked ordnance having a positioning component, a power supply, and a transmitter. The power supply includes a deformable electrolyte component such that both an anode and a cathode are contacted by the deformable electrolyte component when subjected to acceleration upon firing of the ordnance from a firearm or from deceleration from striking a target. This closes the electrical circuit, thus powering the positioning component and transmitter for transmitting the position of the ordnance.

Abstract: The disclosed technology regards a reusable, non-pyrotechnic diversionary device having a housing assembly which receives and supports a pressure manifold, activation assembly, and a lighting assembly. The housing assembly includes a vessel, a main chassis, and a transparent lens. Positioned within the main chassis is a pressure manifold which supports a compressed gas source. A puncture pin is provided in the activation assembly, and aligned with the compressed gas source to facilitate puncture of the source. The disclosed technology further regards a reusable, non-pyrotechnic diversionary assembly having a housing assembly and a reloading tool. The reloading tool has an externally threaded inner body with an aperture at its distal end sized to receive the puncture pin, and an outer body sized and internally threaded to rotatably receive a portion of the inner body in its shaft, allowing the inner body to traverse through and from the shaft at its distal end.

Abstract: A method and device for ascertaining the temperature of a propellant charge (22) and a method and device for joining together propellant charge modules (2) to form a propellant charge (22). The method and device for ascertaining the temperature of a propellant charge (22) includes at least temporarily arranging a sensor head (4) which is movable with respect to the propellant charge (22) in a cavity (7) of the propellant charge (22); and ascertaining the temperature of the propellant charge (22) at least while the sensor head (4) is arranged in the cavity (7) of the propellant charge (22). The propellant charge modules (2) are positioned between stops (9) and are joined together by movement of at least one of the stops toward the other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for truing a cartridge case with an apparatus including a frame defining a chamber and having a central axis, and a cartridge sleeve defining a cartridge passage with a passage surface for engaging the exterior surface of the body of the case, and a tool extending along the central axis of the frame with a tip end extending into the chamber. The frame may include a tool mandrel portion configured to mount the tool on the frame, and a sleeve mandrel portion configured to mount the cartridge sleeve on the frame. The sleeve mandrel portion may permit the cartridge sleeve and a cartridge case mounted thereon to translate with respect to the frame along the central axis of the frame, the sleeve mandrel portion permitting the cartridge sleeve and a cartridge case mounted thereon to rotate about the central axis with respect to the frame.

Abstract: Fuse system for a projectile for a ranged weapon, the fuse system comprising: a plurality of magnetic field sensors, each sensor being arranged to provide a signal that changes in response to a relative change in position and/or orientation between the system and the Earth's magnetic field, and wherein each sensor has a different alignment in terms of magnetic field sensitivity, and a controller arranged to receive one or more signals from the plurality of magnetic field sensors, and to activate a fuse of the projectile depending on the received one or more signals.

Abstract: A thermomechanical safety device includes a body and a capsule valve mounted in the body. A volume of auto-ignition material is disposed in the capsule valve, which is moveable between a rest position and a firing position. A spring engages the capsule valve and the body, and biases the capsule valve towards the rest position. A temperature sensitive actuator engages the capsule valve and the body. The temperature sensitive actuator moves the capsule valve between the rest position and the firing position in response to a change in temperature. The temperature to cause the temperature sensitive actuator to move the capsule valve between the rest position and the firing position is less than the ignition temperature of the auto-ignition material.

Abstract: A tape measure including a reinforced or coated tape measure blade is provided. The coating is thicker than the metal inner layer of the tape blade. The coating provides a reinforced tape blade such that elongate tape blade may have a pinch load threshold of greater than 50 lbs. and/or a pinch height at break of less than 1.5 mm. A hook assembly may also provide for reduced stress at the end of the tape blade.

Abstract: Disclosed is a measurement marking device for attachment onto a measuring tape or ruler; wherein the attached measurement marking device may slide/travel along the measuring tape or ruler, and set measurement(s) marking(s) onto the measured object at desired measurements/locations/sizes/lengths.

Abstract: There is provide a method for controlling a shape measuring apparatus that synchronize an acceleration/deceleration changing timing of a velocity pattern with a control sampling cycle, and prevents a control lag. Based on a shape of a movement path set based on preliminarily-obtained shape data of an object to be measured, a velocity pattern for a probe to move along the movement path. It is determined whether a velocity changing timing of the velocity pattern is synchronized with a control sampling cycle of a shape measuring apparatus. When the velocity changing timing of the velocity pattern is not synchronized with the control sampling cycle, the velocity pattern is corrected such that the velocity changing timing of the velocity pattern is synchronized with the control sampling cycle of the shape measuring apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film thickness detection device, including a common unit (1) and a detection unit (2); the common unit (1) comprises at least one common electrode (11); the detection unit (2) comprises at least one sensor chip (21) and a signal processing unit (23); the sensor chips (21) are opposite to the common unit (1) in a first direction and are arranged at intervals; the spaces between the common unit (1) and the sensor chips (21) form a transport channel for a to-be-tested film; each of the sensor chips (21) comprises at least one row of multiple detection electrodes (211) arranged along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to a moving direction of the to-be-tested film; the first direction is perpendicular to a first plane; the first plane is parallel to the second direction; the sensor chips (21) are configured to induce electrical signals on the common electrodes (11) and output the electrical signals; and the signal processing unit (23) is electrically connected with the sensor

Abstract: A boring apparatus including a drill having a drill bit; a capacitance sensor; and an alarm; wherein the capacitance sensor is electrically connected to the drill bit and detects a change in capacitance associated with a substrate material in proximity to the drill bit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a strain sensing element includes a film unit being deformable, a first and a second magnetic unit, and a strain sensor. The first magnetic unit is provided on the film unit and is arranged with the film unit in a first direction. The first magnetic unit includes a first magnetic body layer and a first intermediate magnetic layer. The second magnetic unit is provided on the film unit and is arranged with the first magnetic unit in a second direction crossing the first direction. The second magnetic unit includes a second magnetic body layer and a second intermediate magnetic layer. The strain sensor is provided on the film unit between the first magnetic unit and the second magnetic unit. An electrical characteristic of the strain sensor changes according to a deformation of the film unit.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for detecting bend in the rotating shaft of magnetic bearing. The system comprises a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor, and a processor electrically connected with the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor; the processor comprises a calculating unit, a first judging unit and a second judging unit; the calculating unit is configured to calculate center positions of the rotating shaft stopping at different positions during rotating a circle; the first judging unit judges whether the rotating shaft is bent or not according to a curve of the changed center positions, and outputs a test result of qualification if the rotating shaft is not bent. Users are able to determine whether the rotating shaft needs to be processed or not, to avoid causing destructive effects on the magnetic bearing system due to excessive bend degree of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to providing an optical image measurement apparatus that is capable of acquiring information on birefringence of a sample while suppressing size and cost of the apparatus. In the present disclosure: second measurement light different from first measurement light is generated using a passive optical element that generates light of second polarization state different from first polarization state; a time when the first measurement light is irradiated onto a sample is adjusted at a first time, and a time when the second measurement light is irradiated onto the sample is adjusted at a second time different from the first time.

Abstract: To suppress an erroneous measurement of a measuring object in an optical displacement meter of a light sectioning method. The optical displacement meter includes an image sensor, a cover glass arranged obliquely relative to a light receiving surface of the image sensor, and a housing which houses the image sensor and the cover glass.

Abstract: An optical metrology device includes an aperture that can be adjusted based on the thickness of the film on a sample. The aperture is adjusted to have a first aperture configuration or a second aperture configuration, where the second aperture configuration allows more light to pass. The aperture may be adjusted to use the second aperture configuration, e.g., if the thickness of the film produces a lateral shift from each internal reflection in the film at least 80% of the measurement spot size or the film thickness is greater than a predesignated amount, or if the light measured with the first aperture configuration and second aperture configuration differs by more than a predetermined threshold. The aperture may be in the source arm of the optical system, e.g., between the light source and the sample, or the receiver arm of the optical system, e.g., between the sample and the detector.

Abstract: A wear amount measuring apparatus includes a light source, a light transmission unit, a first and a second irradiation unit, a spectroscope and an analysis unit. The light transmission unit splits a low-coherence light from the light source into a first and a second low-coherence light. The first and the second irradiation units irradiate the first and the second low-coherence light to the component to receive reflected lights from the component. The light transmission unit transmits the reflected lights received by the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit to the spectroscope. The spectroscope configured to detect intensity distribution of the reflected lights from the first and the second irradiation unit. The analysis unit calculates a thickness difference between a thickness of the component at the first measuring point and that at the second measuring point by performing Fourier transform on the intensity distribution.

Abstract: An interferometric distance measurement device includes a multiple wavelength light source, supplying a light beam having at least three different wavelengths. An interferometer unit is provided, which splits the light beam into a measuring light beam and a reference light beam. The measuring and reference light beams reflected back by measuring and reference reflectors are superimposed in an interfering manner to form an interference light beam. The interference light beam is split via a detection unit such that, in each instance, a plurality of phase-shifted, partial interference signals result per wavelength. With the aid of a signal processing unit, an absolute position information item regarding the measuring reflector is determined from the partial interference signals of different wavelengths.

Abstract: Example position detection means and displacement detection devices are described. A relative position detection means optically detects a relative position of displacement of an object to be measured in a measuring direction, including a target mounted on the object to be measured and irradiated with light from a light source; a light receiver for detection of relative position for receiving light by changing polarization state of reflected light at the target with respect to the light; and a relative position information output unit for outputting relative position information based on displacement of the target in the measuring direction based on change of polarization state of the reflected light. The target includes a reflector mounted on the object to be measured and a birefringent member on the reflector and having a thickness changing from a tip to a base end along the measuring direction.

Abstract: A device and system for enabling calibration of a structure includes at least one elongate strap having a lower temperature coefficient than the structure, and a length sufficient to encompass a circumference of an external surface of the structure, and at least one diffraction grating having a temperature coefficient at least as high as the structure, wherein the diffraction grating is coupled to the strap and is in direct contact with the external surface of the structure. Deformations in the external surface of the structure induce corresponding deformations in the diffraction grating.

Abstract: A component inspecting device inspects presence or absence of an abnormal state of two linear wires based on changes in the amount of received light of a first light ray and a second light ray received by a first light receiver and a second light receiver, respectively when a component is moved such that the two linear wires in the normal state block the first light ray and the second light ray in a posture wherein an arrangement direction of the two linear wires crosses optical axes of the first light ray of the first light projector and the second light ray of the second light projector. This device can detect an abnormality such as a bend or the like of linear wires by a simple configuration and a simple operation in a component having two linear wires which have axis directions parallel to each other and have different lengths.

Abstract: There is provided an optical displacement meter capable of accurately measuring a profile of a measurement object even when multiple reflections are caused. At the time of setting, reference data indicating a reference profile of a measurement object is registered by a registration unit, and a mask region is set to the reference data by a setting unit. At the time of measurement, reflected light from the measurement object is received by a light receiving unit, and a peak in an output light receiving amount distribution is detected by a peak detection unit. Temporary profile data of the measurement object is generated by a profile generation unit based on a position of the detected peak. A position of the mask region for the temporary profile is corrected by a correction unit.

Abstract: The ROC value of a test surface is measured with a single spectrally-controlled interferometric measurement using a reference source of known ROC. The test surface is placed at the confocal position of the reference surface and the light source is modulated so as to produce localized interference fringes at the location of the test surface. The interference fringes are then processed with conventional interferometric analysis tools to establish the exact position of the test surface in relation to the reference surface, thereby determining the distance between the test surface and the reference surface. The radius of curvature of the test surface is obtained simply by subtracting such distance from the known radius of curvature of the reference surface.

Abstract: A compact inspection assembly comprising digital sensors and/or laser measurement systems to validate attributes of pipe and associated threaded connections. An elongate body member is partially inserted into a central bore of a pipe section. A stabilizing centralizer assembly is selectively expanded to engage against the inner surface of the pipe section and prevent axial and rotational movement of the body section relative to the pipe section. An automated sensor assembly, attached to the body member and positioned in proximity to a threaded connection, measures data regarding the pipe and associated threaded connections. The measured and recorded data can be compared to predetermined standards (such as, for example, original equipment manufacturer and/or end user specifications or requirements) to verify pipe/connection compliance with desired standards.

Abstract: A shape measuring device includes an optical-axis-direction driving section configured to minutely relatively displace a stage in an optical axis direction of a light receiving section with respect to a light projecting section and the light receiving section such that a phase of a projection pattern on the stage is shifted at a minute pitch finer than width of the phase of the projection pattern projected on the stage, the minute pitch being defined by controlling light projecting elements of a pattern generating section.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for measuring surface topography of a three-dimensional structure. In many embodiments, the apparatus is configured to focus each of a plurality of light beams to a respective fixed focal position relative to the apparatus. The apparatus measures a characteristic of each of a plurality of returned light beams that are generated by illuminating the three-dimensional structure with the light beams. The characteristic is measured for a plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure. Surface topography of the three-dimensional structure is determined based at least in part on the measured characteristic of the returned light beams for the plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: An inspection device is provided in which X-rays are radiated in a fan-like shape with respect to an extension direction of steel cords, are transmitted through a conveyor belt, and reach an X-ray line sensor. A control device makes an X-ray generator and the X-ray line sensor move in a fixed relative position at a certain speed within a certain movement range in a direction parallel with a plane and orthogonal to an extension direction of the steel cords. The control device generates two-dimensional image information on the basis of an X-ray transmission signal obtained each time the X-ray generator and the X-ray line sensor move a unit amount equal to a pixel pitch of the X-ray line sensor. The control device detects measurement information relating to the conveyor belt and the steel cords on the basis of the obtained two-dimensional image information.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to methods for measuring a characteristic of a substrate. In an embodiment, the method includes scanning over the substrate with a scanning probe microscope, the substrate having fins thereon, the scanning obtaining images showing respective fin top regions of the fins, the scanning probe microscope interacting with respective portions of sidewalls of the fins by a scanning probe oscillated during the scanning, selecting images obtained at a predetermined depth below the fin top regions to obtain a line edge profile of the fins, by a processor-based system, analyzing the line edge profile of the fins using power spectral density (PSD) method to obtain spatial frequency data of the line edge profile of the fins, and by the processor-based system, calculating line edge roughness of the fins based on the spatial frequency data.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for measuring distance using two-step tracking and a method thereof. More particularly, the apparatus includes a bit generator configured to generate coarse bits for first tracking from sensing data to measure distance to a target and fine bits for second tracking, corresponding to the coarse bits, to measure precise distance to the target; a coarse bit processor configured to receive the coarse bits, address the received coarse bits in any one histogram bin, which corresponds to the received coarse bits, among a plurality of histogram bins, and output coarse bits, which correspond to any one histogram bin exceeding a preset threshold among the histogram bins, as reference coarse bits; and a fine bit processor configured to output fine bits corresponding to the reference coarse bits.

Abstract: An optoelectronic module includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-readable instructions stored thereon, that when executed on a processor, perform operations for calibrating the optoelectronic module and collecting distance data with the optoelectronic module. Methods for calibrating and collecting distance data include using an optoelectronic module with the non-transitory computer-readable medium that includes the aforementioned instructions. In some instances, a first target is highly reflective, and a second target is highly absorbing.

Abstract: Altitude determining circuitry for use in a User Equipment (UE) of a wireless communication network is provided. The circuitry comprises a receiver to receive at least one pressure parameter representative of a plurality of indoors pressure measurements from a respective plurality of indoors pressure measurement units located inside a building at different altitudes. The altitude determining circuitry also has processing circuitry to receive from a pressure sensor in the User Equipment a local pressure measurement at the UE and the processor determines an indoors altitude of the UE using the at least one pressure parameter and the UE local pressure. An integrated circuit for a Global Navigate Satellite System comprising the altitude determining circuitry and an indoors pressure measurement unit having a sensor for making a pressure measurement and a transmitter for transmitting the pressure measurement to the UE or to a further indoors pressure measurement unit are also provided.