Abstract: The present invention relates to wireless localization method and apparatus of high accuracy, and measures strength of at least one signal that is transmitted from at least one fixed node, estimates a relative position of a moving node, generates a change pattern of at least one signal strength according to relative changes in positions of the moving node over a plurality of time points from at least one signal strength and the relative position of the moving node, and estimates an absolute position of the moving node, based on a comparison between the change pattern of the at least one signal strength and a map of a distribution pattern shape of signal strength in a region where the moving node is located. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately estimate a position of a moving node using a radio signal which not only accurately estimates the position of the moving node even in a change of wireless environment but also has almost no change in signal strength over a wide region.

Abstract: An in-vehicle radar apparatus includes an interference determination means, a selection means, and a frequency changing means. The interference determination means determines presence or absence of interference between multifrequency CWs, which are radar waves, based on a beat signal generated by mixing a transmission signal and a received signal, which are radar waves. The selection means selects an own vehicle or an other-side apparatus, which is a party of the interference, according to an occurrence state of the interference, when the interference determination means determines that the interference is present. The frequency changing means that changes a center frequency of the multifrequency CW transmitted from the own vehicle, when the selection means selects the own vehicle.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide improvements to electromagnetic and other wave-based ranging systems, e.g., RADAR or LIDAR systems, of the type having transmit logic that transmits a pulse based on an applied analog signal. The improvements are characterized, in part, by a SERDES having a serializer (a/k/a a “transmit side”) that is coupled to the transmit logic. The serializer has (i) an input to which a pattern on which the pulse is based is applied and (ii) an output from which a serialization of the pattern is applied to the transmit logic. The improvements are further characterized in that the SERDES has deserializer logic (a/k/a a “receive side”) that is coupled to receive logic and that deserialize a received “analog” signal containing possible reflections of the pulse.

Abstract: A radar system is provided that includes a first radar transceiver integrated circuit (IC) including transmission signal generation circuitry operable to generate a continuous wave signal and a first transmit channel coupled to the transmission generation circuitry to receive the continuous wave signal and transmit a test signal based on the continuous wave signal, and a second radar transceiver IC including a first receive channel coupled to an output of the first transmit channel of the first radar transceiver IC via a loopback path to receive the test signal from first the transmit channel, the second radar transceiver IC operable to measure phase response in the test signal.

Abstract: A testing device for FMCW radar includes an input for receiving a chirp signal generated by the radar. An IQ down-converter coupled to the input down-converts the chirp signal. A digitizer extracts digitized IQ signals from the down-converted chirp signal. A processor coupled to the digitizer determines at least one of frequency linearity and phase noise of the chirp signal.

Abstract: A method for monitoring periodic motions of one or more subjects uses signal reflections from the subjects. The method includes emitting a transmitted signal from a transmitting antenna and receiving a received signal at one or more receiving antennas. The received signal includes a combination of a number of reflections of the transmitted signal, at least some of which are associated with the subjects. The received signal, including the reflections, is processed to determine an estimate of a fundamental frequency of the periodic motions.

Abstract: A radar apparatus generates a strength distribution indicating a correspondence relationship between a relative speed parameter related to an observation point relative speed and a reflection strength parameter related to reflection strength of radar waves reflected at an observation point, for a plurality of observation points. Furthermore, the radar apparatus determines that a traveling vehicle is detected when the reflection strength parameter decreases as the relative speed parameter increases from a center relative speed parameter that is the relative speed parameter corresponding to a peak in the reflection strength, the reflection strength parameter decreases as the relative speed parameter decreases from the center relative speed parameter, and a distribution of the reflection strength parameter is symmetrical with the center relative speed parameter at the center.

Abstract: Systems described herein use outside-in positional tracking. A base station emits one or more rotational light beams to illuminate a local area. The rotational light beams rotate around a rotation axis and are used for positional tracking of one or more objects in the local area. A beam waist of a source light beam for generating the rotational light beams is positioned to be within a distance range from a center of rotation of the rotational light beams. An apparent frequency of the particular rotational light beam can be constant or substantially constant throughout a local area. Because the apparent frequency of the particular rotational light beam is constant or substantially constant throughout the local area, the frequency response of a detector in response to the illumination by the rotational light beam is within a limited range of values irrespective of the detector's location within the local area.

Abstract: Disclosed are a multi-line lidar and a control method therefor. The multi-line lidar comprises: a laser emitter (110) for emitting outgoing lasers, comprising a plurality of laser emitting boards (111, 211, 212, 211, 212, 213, 310 and 320), and an optical collimating unit (120) for collimating the outgoing lasers. Light-emitting surfaces of the plurality of laser emitting boards (111) are located in a focal plane (130) of the optical collimating unit (120).

Abstract: A light scanning type object detecting device includes a mirror unit in which first and second mirror surfaces are formed so as to incline in respective directions intersecting with a rotation axis and to face each other with a predetermined angle, a light source; and a light receiving element. On the assumption that H represents a distance between an intersection point of extension lines of lateral sides and a bottom side in the first mirror surface, r represents a radius of a received light flux, h represents a distance between the center of the received light flux and the bottom side, and H? represents a distance between a top side and the bottom side, formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied. when r<0.4H, 0.1<h/H?(H??r)/H??(1) when r?0.4H, 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for correcting measuring errors of a long-distance scanning laser radar, comprising: S1, establishing a measuring model and acquiring a positional relationship between a measured point and a coordinate origin; S2, acquiring an actual positional relationship between the measured point and a laser radar and establishing error models of three major error sources; S3, performing a sub-parameter measuring experiment on the laser radar to acquire major sample data of the three major error sources; S4, analyzing probability density distribution of the three major error sources with a statistical method to obtain error correction samples of the three major error sources in a three-dimensional coordinate system; S5, acquiring three-dimensional coordinate samples according to the error correction samples of the three major error sources and the measuring model; and S6, correcting a three-dimensional coordinate measuring point in real time.

Abstract: A LIDAR calibration system can detect a first set of return signals from a plurality of fiducial targets in a calibration facility for a lower set of laser scanners of the LIDAR module. The LIDAR calibration system can also detect a second set of return signals from one or more planar surfaces associated with a calibration trigger location on a road network for an upper set of laser scanners of the LIDAR module. Based on the first and second sets of return signals, the LIDAR calibration system can generate a set of calibration transforms to adjust a set of intrinsic parameters of the LIDAR module.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of imaging an imaging region (7) employ an acoustic transducer array (10?) to produce image data for the imaging region (7), wherein there are one or more obstructions (15-1, 15-2, 15-3) between the acoustic transducer array (10?) and at least a portion (5) of the imaging region (7). One or more processors exploit redundancy in transmit/receive pair paths among the acoustic transducers in the acoustic transducer array (10?) to compensate for missing image data of the imaging region (7) due to the one or more obstructions (15-1, 15-2, 15-3), and produce an image of the imaging region (7) from the compensated image data.

Abstract: An iterative method for detecting is provided, with at least one receiver satellite in orbit, a target possessing reflective properties that are different from those of the area in which the target is found, by GNSS reflectometry, wherein the reflected GNSS signals are received by an active antenna of the receiver satellite comprising a plurality of antenna elements, the method comprising a step of determining assumed positions of the target, for which positions it is desired to detect the target, and, forming beams and tracking GNSS signals in accordance with these assumptions.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to provide for detection and ranging of a remote object, the apparatus configured to perform the following: based on a first reflected signal comprising a reflection from the remote object of a first frequency varying detection signal that varies in frequency over a first bandwidth; and based on a second reflected signal comprising a reflection from the remote object of a second frequency varying detection signal that varies in frequency over a different second bandwidth; determine a first estimated range based on a first beat frequency signal comprising the first reflected signal mixed with the first frequency varying detection signal; determine a second estimated range based on a second beat frequency signal comprising the second reflected signal mixed with the second frequency varying detection signal; determine a range of the remote object as a function of the first estimated range and the second estimated range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for a continuous arbitrary waveform radar configured for transmitting and receiving signals over a selected communication band. The method comprises: generating the radar transmit signal with a waveform having a non-monotonic frequency change, modifying the waveform to obtain at least one spectral notch and isolating reception and transmission by cancellation. Each spectral notch at a selectable frequency with a selectable bandwidth, and the waveform is modified to maintain the spectral density of the transmit radar signal.

Abstract: To acquire a beat frequency necessary for target extraction, target speed estimation, and Doppler influence detection by preventing the necessary beat frequency from overlapping unnecessary frequencies in a heterodyne processing result, an apparatus includes a wave receiver that receives a reflected wave of a chirp wave reflected from a target, and outputs a reception wave signal, a dual-sweep signal generator that generates a dual-sweep signal of the chirp wave, having a frequency which does not overlap that of the chirp wave, and a heterodyne processor that generates a beat frequency by multiplying the reception wave signal and the dual-sweep signal as a heterodyne signal.

Abstract: A method includes using a receiver of a first device, receiving from a second device, radio frequency (RF) signals. The method also includes using a processor of the first device, determining and storing, based on the RF signals, a set of angle-estimation values of an angle between a plurality of antenna elements of one of the first device and the second device and an antenna element of the other of the first device and the second device, a set of confidence measurements, and at least one of an Area-of Arrival (ARoA) value and an Area-of Departure (ARoD) value. Each of the set of confidence measurements indicates a confidence of an angle-estimation value of the set of angle-estimation values.

Abstract: A frequency domain transforming unit (231-1) performs a transform into a frequency domain in such a way that a Doppler velocity bin is the same for each of different transmission frequencies. A correlation unit (232-1) generates signals based on a velocity and a range after correlation, the signals being separate for each of the transmission frequencies. An integrating unit (233-1) generates band-synthesized signals based on a velocity and a range after correlation. A target candidate detecting unit (241) performs detection of a target candidate on output signals of the integrating unit (233-1) on the basis of signal strength. A target's relative-velocity/relative-range/arrival-angle calculating unit (242) calculates a relative velocity, a relative range, and an arrival angle of the target candidate.

Abstract: The disclosure generally describes computer-implemented methods, software, and systems for gauging tanks. A computer-implemented method includes generating, using an interrogator, a radio frequency signal directed towards a radio frequency identification (RFID) device that is freely floating on the liquid stored within the tank, receiving a return signal from the RFID device, the return signal being associated to a location of the RFID device, processing the return signal to determine a height of the liquid stored within the tank based on a triangulation algorithm, and determining a result data based on the height of the liquid stored within the tank and one or more tank characteristics.

Abstract: A method for determining surface characteristics is disclosed. The method may include transmitting a surface penetrating radar (SPR) signal towards a surface from a SPR system. The method may also include receiving a response signal at the SPR system. The response signal may include, at least in part, a reflection of the SPR signal from a surface region associated with the surface. The method may further include measuring at least one of an intensity and a phase of the response signal. The method my additionally include determining, based at least in part on the at least one of the intensity and the phase of the response signal, a surface characteristic of the surface.

Abstract: SAR imaging may be performed with range-resolved reflection data, where a spread-spectrum signal, such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) signal, is transmitted instead of a simple frequency chirp. The reflected spread-spectrum signal may be analyzed to gather range-resolved reflection data. Range-resolved reflection data may be gathered at each angular view. This data may be used to construct a more accurate approximation of the Fourier transform of the desired image than can be done by a conventional SAR approach. The image may be reconstructed from this Fourier transform using Fourier inversion techniques similar to those used in conventional SAR approaches. The range-resolved reflection scheme generally requires somewhat more processing to recover the image as compared with conventional SAR systems, but provides a significantly more stable image with less degradation from effects that plague conventional SAR systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a calibration method of performing dual radiometric compensation by using an antenna gain pattern of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) both in a time domain and in a frequency domain. The method may include performing frequency-domain radiometric compensation in relation to an elevation angle and performing time-domain radiometric compensation in relation to a frequency to calibrate the antenna gain pattern.

Abstract: A phase synchronization method includes: pulse widths of first and second phase synchronization signals and starting time of transmission of first and second phase synchronization signals are determined, wherein starting time is located between two successive moments when radar signals are transmitted; first spaceborne SAR is controlled to transmit first phase synchronization signal to second spaceborne SAR according to pulse width and starting time of first phase synchronization signal; second spaceborne SAR is controlled, according to pulse width and starting time of second phase synchronization signal, to transmit second phase synchronization signal to first spaceborne SAR; compensation phase is determined according to peak phases of first and second phase synchronization signals received by second and first spaceborne SARs respectively; and phase synchronization compensation is performed, according to compensation phase, on radar signals received by first spaceborne SAR and second spaceborne SAR.

Abstract: An electronic device, a method thereof, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, and a chipset are disclosed. The electronic device includes a sensor module including a plurality of sensor arrays for scanning a target object located in a predetermined vicinity of the electronic device; and a control module configured to determine a direction in which the target object is located, based on a first signal that the sensor module outputs with respect to the target object, and scan the target object located in the determined direction, wherein the sensor arrays are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of tracking location of the listener's ears for 3D perception of audio signals sent from an array of acoustic sources. In addition to the array of acoustic sources, the system contains a video camera for finding a location of the listener's ears and one or more ultrasonic transducers for locating positions of the listener's ears by sending ultrasonic signals and receiving echoes reflected from the sought objects. The use of ultrasonic transducers enhances the action of the video camera and accuracy in positioning the listener's ears by calculating the distance from the acoustic sources to the plane in which the ears are located in the direction of axis Z, while the X, Y coordinates of the ears in the X, Y, Z coordinate system are determined by an image processor of the video camera.

Abstract: An echo processor (117) for an ultrasound imaging device (102) includes a frame processor (118) that aligns a plurality (N) of sequentially received frames of echoes based on a set of motion displacement fields for the plurality of frames and combines the aligned plurality of sequentially received frames, thereby forming a compounded frame. A method includes obtaining a set of frames of echoes acquired at different times, determining a motion displacement field based on at least two of the frames of the set, motion-compensating all of the frames of the set based on the displacement field and previously determined displacement fields, and generating a compounded frame based on the motion-compensated frames.

Abstract: A distance is accurately measured by a ranging system that performs ranging by a ToF method. A ranging module includes a light receiving unit, a determination unit, and a ranging unit. The light receiving unit receives reflection light from an object and detects a received light quantity of the reflection light within a predetermined detection period every time the predetermined detection period elapses. The determination unit determines whether the object is moved during each of the predetermined detection periods. The ranging unit measures a distance to the object on the basis of received light quantity within a predetermined detection period during which it is determined that the object is not moved.

Abstract: A sensor system and a method for operating a sensor system are disclosed. In an one embodiment, the sensor system includes a light source configured to emit laser radiation and an optical element configured to image the laser radiation to at least one image point at a fixed distance in an optical far field of the sensor system. A detector is configured to detect a proportion of the laser radiation reflected back at at least one object illuminated by the laser radiation. A pin hole is located in front of the detector, a diameter of the pin hole corresponds to a size of the image point within a factor of 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the determination of a plurality of distinct echo pulses originating from the same emitted signal train of an active 3D sensor in order to provide distance measurements of the surroundings in front of the 3D sensor, whereas the signal train received by the 3D sensor is subjected to a predefined trigger condition, so that only those peaks of the signal train that fulfill the predefined trigger condition are taken into account in the determination of the distinct echo pulses, According to the invention for the determination of the distinct echo pulses, at least two different trigger conditions are applied simultaneously.

Abstract: An imaging system for a land vehicle may include an imaging sensor, an evaluation device, and an output interface. The imaging sensor may be configured to acquire first signals and second signals, wherein the first signals are obtained via beam pulses provided by a first emitter and reflected on an object and the second signals are obtained via beam patterns provided by a second emitter and reflected on the objected. The evaluation device may be configured to obtain a first distance measurement based on the first signals and a second distance measurement based on the second signals. The evaluation device may also be configured to obtain a third distance measurement via a comparison of the first distance measurement and the second distance measurement.

Abstract: A method of measuring a distance by using a 3-dimensional (3D) depth sensor is provided. The method may include: measuring m number of frames using light modulated at a first frequency to determine a first tentative distance from a viewpoint to an object at the first frequency, m being a positive integer; measuring n number of frames using light modulated at a second frequency to determine a second tentative distance from the viewpoint to the object at the second frequency, n being a positive integer, a sum of m and n being four; and determining a resulting distance to the object based on the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are described for a receiver of signals from one or more satellite navigational systems to detect and/or eliminate impaired satellites/signals and/or “false positives” from the set of satellites being estimated/acquired. One method includes acquiring coarse position, time, and frequency values for each of a plurality of satellites from one or more satellite navigational systems and then selecting a set of satellites based on whether one or more of their corresponding acquired coarse values are within a minimum range. An intersection point of the position domain correlograms generated from vectors of each satellite in the selected set is determined and, using that intersection point, satellites/signals are eliminated from the selected set of satellites.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method for detecting locations of navigation interfering devices. The method comprises an action of receiving multiple navigation signal parameter datasets, each from one of multiple satellite signal receivers. The method comprises an action of detecting one or more interference event data according to an interference analysis of at least some of the datasets. The method comprises an action of updating a probability value for each of multiple suspected navigation interference device locations, by a location analysis of the interference event data, where each of the probability values is indicative of a likelihood that the interference event data originates from some of the suspected navigation interference device locations. The method comprises an action of selecting a subset of the suspected navigation interference device locations according to the probability values and outputting the subset.

Abstract: A measuring device serves the purpose of testing a location tracking of a device under test. The measuring device comprises a global navigation satellite system simulator adapted to wirelessly transmit a radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal to a device under test, and a base station simulator adapted to wirelessly transmit a real-time kinematic signal to the device under test. The measuring device is adapted to compare a location, determined by the device under test based on the radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal and the real-time kinematic signal, with an ideal location, upon which the radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal and the real-time kinematic signal are based.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for generating long coherent integrations of received global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are described. One method includes generating coherent 1 second I/Q correlations by at least two stages of summation starting with 1 millisecond correlated I/Q signal samples. Intermediate stage coherent I/Q correlations may be modified based on, for example, lack of carrier phase lock and/or the carrier signal-to-noise density (C/N0). Such modifications include phase rotation. Energy/power amplitudes calculated from the coherent 1 second I/Q correlations may be used for improving multipath mitigation, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and other GNSS receiver operations and functions.

Abstract: A position estimation apparatus includes a processor configured to perform control of acquiring a first relative elevation distribution which corresponds to a distribution of relative elevation in an area in a map, generating, based on pressure information acquired by the pressure information acquisition unit in a section where a user is in motion, a second relative elevation distribution which corresponds to a distribution of relative elevation in the section where the user is in motion, and estimating a current position in the area, based on similarity between the acquired first relative elevation distribution and the acquired second relative elevation distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing a radiation image includes a radiation source configured to emit radiation, a wavelength converter configured to receive the radiation emitted from the radiation source through an entrance plane after the emitted radiation has been transmitted by an object, to convert the received radiation to scintillation light, and to output the scintillation light from the entrance plane, a first optical system configured to focus on the entrance plane and to image the output scintillation light thereby generating a first radiation image of the object, and a first image sensor configured to capture the first radiation image to generate first image data.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a plurality of semiconductor light receiving elements and a plurality of reflection elements that segment a scintillator array. A plurality of respective segment areas by the reflection elements. A plurality of amplifiers amplify signals obtained from respective semiconductor light receiving elements. The scintillator array includes a plurality of scintillators. The radiation detector provides a first accumulator per segment area, and a first trigger generation circuit per segment area. The first trigger generation circuit generates a first trigger of the multiple signal added by the first accumulator for each of the plurality of respective segment areas. An encoder generates a single first trigger signal based on the first trigger.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus, comprising a sensor array in which a plurality of sensors capable of detecting radiation are arrayed, and a readout unit configured to read out image data from the sensor array, wherein the sensor array has, as an operation mode, a binning mode in which signals of not less than two sensors are collectively output, and the readout unit includes a correcting unit configured to correct image data read out from the sensor array irradiated with radiation, based on image data read out in the binning mode from the sensor array not irradiated with radiation.

Abstract: A seismic receiver array has a plurality of seismic receiver channels, each coupled to a local surrounding in an earth formation. A formation-material-dependent response of each seismic receiver channel is determined, and associated with an assumed depth for the corresponding seismic receiver channel. The formation-material-dependent responses as function of the assumed depth are compared to an independent depth log of at least one petrophysical parameter of the earth formation as a function of depth along the borehole. Based on the comparison, a set of lags between said assumed depth and depth in the independent depth log is determined, that provides the best correlation between the formation-material-dependent response and the independent depth log of the at least one petrophysical parameter of the earth formation. The assumed depth of each seismic receiver channel can thus be aligned with corresponding depths in the independent depth log.

Abstract: Methods and mediums for estimating stimulated reservoir volumes are disclosed. Some method embodiments may include obtaining microseismic event data acquired during a hydraulic fracturing treatment of the formation, the data including event location and at least one additional attribute for each microseismic event within the formation; filtering the microseismic events based on the at least one additional attribute; determining a density of filtered microseismic events; weighting the filtered microseismic events based on the density; and determining a stimulated reservoir volume estimate based on filtered and weighted microseismic events.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for estimating faults in a three-dimensional seismic image block. Directrices are generated within respective first cross-sections of the seismic image block based on points selected by a user. Similarly, generatrices are generated within respective second cross-sections of the block based on points selected by the user. The user inputs relationships between directrices and generatrices. A fault is estimated within the seismic image block as a surface including at least one directric and at least one generatrix having a relationship therebetween.

Abstract: A method of forming an electronic device includes forming a plurality of closed loops over a semiconductor substrate. Each closed loop has a first and a second polysilicon gate structure joined at first and second ends. Each closed loop includes an inner portion and an end portion. In the inner portion the first polysilicon gate structure runs about parallel to the second polysilicon gate structure. In the outer portion the first polysilicon gate structure converges with the second polysilicon gate structure. The method further includes forming a plurality of trench contacts. Each of the trench contacts is located between a respective pair of closed loops, passes through an epitaxial layer and contacts the substrate. The length of the trench contacts is no greater than the length of the inner portions.

Abstract: Systems and methods of deploying seismic data acquisition units from a marine vessel are disclosed. The system can include a spindle coupled to a tether. A robotic arm can couple the spindle to a tether via one or more tumblers. The tether can connect to a seismic data acquisition unit via a connection block having a mechanical force device. The assembled spindle, tether and seismic data acquisition unit can be deployed from the deck via a deployment block.

Abstract: Location determination is performed using a transmitter including an elongated generally planar loop antenna defining an elongation axis. The elongation axis is positioned along at least a portion of a path. A magnetic field is then generated which approximates a dipole field. Certain characteristics of the magnetic field are then determined at a receiving position radially displaced from the antenna elongation axis. Using the determined certain characteristics, at least one orientation parameter is established which characterizes a positional relationship between the receiving position and the antenna on the path. The magnetic field may be transmitted as a monotone single phase signal. The orientation parameter may be a radial offset and/or an angular orientation between the receiving position and the antenna on the path. The antenna of the transmitter may be inserted into a first borehole to transmit the magnetic field to a receiver inserted into a second borehole.

Abstract: A proximity sensor that outputs presence or absence of a detection object or a position of the detection object as a detection result includes: a detection part configured to include a detection coil and a capacitor; an oscillation circuit configured to excite the detection part; an analog/digital conversion circuit configured to detect a signal change occurring in the detection part and output a digital signal indicating the detected signal change; a temperature detection part configured to detect a temperature inside a casing of the proximity sensor; a storage part configured to store a characteristic parameter unique to the proximity sensor in advance; a control calculation part configured to process a digital signal from the analog/digital conversion circuit to calculate a signal indicating a distance to the detection object, compensate the calculated signal using the characteristics parameter stored in the storage part, and output the compensated signal as the detection result.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetotelluric measurement system, comprising: a magnetic sensor probe for collecting an electromagnetic signal as an impulse response of an earth and transmitting the same to a signal readout circuit; the signal readout circuit configured for receiving and amplifying the electromagnetic signal collected by the magnetic sensor probe; a data acquisition and processing module configured for receiving and processing electromagnetic signal amplified by the signal readout circuit; a storage module configured for storing the electromagnetic signals amplified by the signal readout circuit and processed by the data acquisition and processing module; a first casing for enclosing the magnetic sensor probe and the signal readout circuit; and a second casing for enclosing the data acquisition and processing module and the storage module.

Abstract: A method for determining a fractional volume of at least one component of a formation includes entering into a computer a number of detected radiation events resulting from imparting neutrons into the formation at an energy level of at least 1 million electron volts (MeV). The detected radiation events correspond to at least one of an energy level of the imparted neutrons and thermal or epithermal energy neutrons. A measurement of at least one additional petrophysical parameter of the formation is made. The at least one additional petrophysical parameter measurement and at least one of a fast neutron cross-section and a thermal neutron cross-section determined from the detected radiation events are used in the computer to determine the fractional volume of the at least one component of the formation. In another embodiment, the fast neutron cross-section and the thermal neutron cross-section may be used on combination to determine the fractional volume.

Abstract: An airborne vehicle includes a positioning system to acquire information relating to a position of the airborne vehicle, and a measurement system to transmit signals to and receive signals from survey sensors of a survey arrangement used to survey a target structure, the received signals indicating positions of the respective survey sensors.