Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a main circuit in which a compressor, a refrigerant flow switching device, a load side heat exchanger, a load side expansion device, and a plurality of heat source side heat exchangers are sequentially connected. When the plurality of heat source side heat exchangers are used as condensers, the first heat source side heat exchanger and the second heat source side heat exchanger are connected in series. When the plurality of heat source side heat exchangers are used as evaporators, the first heat source side heat exchanger and the second heat source side heat exchanger are connected in parallel. A distribution adjustment header on an inlet side of at least either the first heat source side heat exchanger or the second heat source side heat exchanger when the plurality of heat source side heat exchangers are used as evaporators.

Abstract: An evaporator in a refrigerant circuit, having a bottom-side inlet chamber which is connected in flow terms to an evaporator outlet side via evaporator tubes, a separator being integrated into the evaporator inlet chamber, in which separator a refrigerant which is expanded in an expansion member is divided as a two-phase liquid/vapour mixture into a vapour phase and into a liquid phase which is separate therefrom, the vapour phase being conducted via a bypass line to the evaporator outlet side, and the liquid phase being conducted counter to the direction of gravity into the evaporator tubes. The separator has a distributor tube which extends in the inlet chamber in the evaporator transverse direction.

Abstract: An evaporator in a refrigerant circuit, having a bottom-side inlet chamber which is connected in flow terms to an evaporator outlet side via evaporator tubes, a separator being integrated into the evaporator inlet chamber, in which separator a refrigerant which is expanded in an expansion member is divided as a two-phase liquid/vapour mixture into a vapour phase and into a liquid phase which is separate therefrom, the vapour phase being conducted via a bypass line to the evaporator outlet side, and the liquid phase being conducted counter to the direction of gravity into the evaporator tubes, to be precise at least one evaporator tube being a flat tube with a plurality of micro-channels.

Abstract: An evaporator in a refrigerant circuit, having a bottom-side inlet chamber which is connected in flow terms to an evaporator outlet side via evaporator tubes, a separator being integrated into the evaporator inlet chamber, in which separator a refrigerant which is expanded in an expansion member is divided as a two-phase liquid/vapour mixture into a vapour phase and into a liquid phase which is separate therefrom, the vapour phase being conducted via a bypass line to the evaporator outlet side, and the liquid phase being conducted counter to the direction of gravity into the evaporator tubes, wherein at least one evaporator tube being a flat tube with a plurality of micro-channels, through which the refrigerant is guided.

Abstract: A spool assembly configured for use in a two-stage proportional control valve in a fluid system includes a substantially cylindrical sleeve having an axially extending sleeve bore extending from an open first end to an open second end. A spool includes a spool bore that extends from an open first axial end to a closed second axial end and is slidably mounted within the sleeve bore. The spool further includes a first circumferentially extending groove defining a fluid flow path, a second circumferentially extending groove formed near a first end thereof, a third circumferentially extending groove formed near the second axial end thereof, a circumferentially extending pressure groove formed therein between the second axial end and the third circumferentially extending groove, and first, second, and third transverse fluid passageways formed through a side wall of the spool.

Abstract: Provided is an evaporator including a header in which a depressed portion is formed by concavely depressing downwards a transverse central portion in a longitudinal direction from an upper surface, the portion in which the depressed portion is formed protrudes downwards to form a pair of partitions spaced apart from each other, and a communication hole is formed in a penetrating manner in a transverse direction in each of the pair of partitions; a tank in which a transverse central portion is coupled to a lower end of the partition of the header and both sides in the transverse direction are coupled to the header; and an insert plate inserted into the depressed portion of the header such that both surfaces are tightly attached to the pair of partitions, and having a through hole provided at a position corresponding to the communication holes provided in the pair of partitions.

Abstract: A refrigerant detector testing system according to aspects of the disclosure includes a metering orifice formed in a suction line that is disposed between an evaporator coil and a compressor, a valve fluidly coupled to the metering orifice, a connecting tube fluidly coupled to the valve on a side opposite the metering orifice, a mixing device having an input orifice fluidly coupled to the connecting tube. In some embodiments, the mixing device includes an air intake disposed proximate the input orifice, a throttling portion downstream of the input orifice and the air intake, the throttling portion having a reduced cross-sectional area, and a diffuser section positioned downstream of the throttling portion, the diffuser section having an output orifice. According to aspects of the disclosure, a refrigerant detector fluidly exposed to the output orifice.

Abstract: In an indoor unit of an air-conditioning apparatus, an air inlet for room air is provided at a position lower than a height position of a drain pan. A partition plate is provided to partition a space below a height position of the drain pan in a housing. A pipe connecting portion connected to a refrigerant pipe of an outdoor unit is provided in one part of the partitioned space and a heat exchanger and a fan are placed in the other part of the partitioned space. At least one communicating path is formed in the partition plate to communicate the two parts of the partitioned space with each other. The indoor unit can include a controller for activating a fan when leakage of refrigerant is detected or for closing the communicating path when leakage of refrigerant is detected.

Abstract: A refrigeration unit may include a first compressor constructed and arranged to compress a first refrigerant, and a second compressor constructed and arranged to compress a second refrigerant. A first condenser of the refrigeration unit is operatively coupled to the first compressor, and a second condenser is operatively coupled to the second compressor. An evaporator of the refrigeration unit is constructed and arranged to flow the first and second refrigerants received from the respective first and second condensers for chilling a heat transfer fluid. A controller of the refrigeration unit includes a computer processor and a storage media for executing a pre-programmed algorithm for initialing the second compressor when a predetermined crossover frequency of the first compressor is reached as a system load increases.

Abstract: Generally, a variable fan speed control in an HVAC system is described. Such methods and systems to control fan speed can in turn improve efficiency of the HVAC system by minimizing power consumption, for example of the compressor. The control scheme is based on various operating conditions of compressor load and ambient air temperature, which are used to determine an optimum fan speed.

Abstract: A method and system for improving energy efficiency of a refrigeration system include system components such as a condenser, one or more expansion valves, an evaporator, one or more compressors, and a system controller electrically coupled to the one or more of the system components, according to one embodiment. The system controller is configured to selectively actuate, directly or indirectly, the one or more expansion valves, the condenser, and/or the one or more compressors, at least partially based on temperatures and/or pressures of the system fluid at various points of the system, to control a temperature of a refrigerated area.

Abstract: Device and method for making ice cubes, comprising a supplying device for supplying a liquid substance to at least one elongated mould (1) and a refrigerating device for freezing said liquid substance, which at least one mould defines a space for an ice column which is at least substantially closed at least while said liquid substance is being refrigerated. The at least one mould comprises two mould halves (1a, 1b) which are movable relative to each other, so that the mould halves can be moved apart once the ice column has been formed. Method for making ice cubes, comprising the steps of a) supplying a liquid substance to a mould, b) freezing the liquid substance in the mould, and c) removing the ice cubes thus formed from the mould, wherein the liquid substance is supplied in step a) to a mould comprising an at least substantially closed space. Metering device for ice cubes.

Abstract: A heating control method, a heating control device, and an ice maker are provided. The heating control method is: determining that an ice maker is in the ice-making operation state, and the current water feeding is the first water feeding after a target ice maker is turned on; continuously heating a water inlet pipe for a first preset duration; controlling the water inlet valve to remain closed until the heating for the water inlet pipe ends, ensuring that no ice is present in the water inlet pipe or even if the ice is present, water can be smoothly fed into a water storage tank of the ice maker after the water inlet pipe is heated continuously for the first preset duration.

Abstract: A method of discharging artificial snow (S) from a snow making facility (20) including an evaporator vessel (1) and producing snow by means of the technique of freezing water under vacuum pressure by maintaining a vacuum pressure in the evaporator vessel and producing water vapor that absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the water, whereby the water temperature drops until it freezes and reaches the super cooling temperature that corresponds to the existing vacuum pressure, wherein produced snow is withdrawn from a bottom portion (1A) of the evaporator vessel by means of a first pipe screw conveyor (4), the withdrawn snow is conveyed from the first screw conveyor through a controlled first valve (6) and into a second pipe screw conveyor (5) and snow is discharged to the atmosphere from the second screw conveyor through a controlled second valve (7). A facility for producing artificial snow as well as a method for controlling the quality of produced artificial snow are also provided.

Abstract: A refrigerator appliance having an ice making assembly is provided herein. The refrigerator appliance may include a cabinet, an icemaker attached to the cabinet, an ice bin, a support tray, a fluid filter, a liquid storage volume, and a fluid pump. The ice bin may define a bin outlet at a bottom end. The support tray may be positioned below the bin outlet to receive water therefrom. The support tray may define an inclined groove extending downward toward a tray outlet. The fluid filter may be positioned below the support tray. A filter inlet may be positioned downstream from the tray outlet. A filter outlet may be positioned below the filter inlet along the vertical direction. The liquid storage volume may be positioned below the filter outlet and downstream therefrom. The fluid pump may be positioned in fluid communication between the liquid storage volume and the icemaker.

Abstract: A liquid cooler device. The liquid cooler device having an interior cavity with a ledge, the ledge segregating the interior cavity into a lower portion for the placement of liquid and an upper portion for the receipt of an upper tray portion. The upper tray portion including a gasket for engagement with the ledge and designed for the dry storage of bulk items within the interior cavity. In use, the device acts as a combination cooler for both liquids and dry items.

Abstract: Provided herein is a refrigerator with an improved coupling structure of a heat dissipation duct for dissipating heat generated in a display unit and having and applying the improved heat dissipation duct to a door having a thin thickness such that a problem in which a curve is generated at an exterior of a door when an inside of the door is filled with a heat insulating material is prevented. The refrigerator includes a main body, and a door, wherein the door includes a door cap coupled to at least one of an upper portion and a lower portion of the door, a display unit provided at a front surface of the door, a heat dissipation cover arranged behind the display unit, and a heat dissipation duct slidably inserted into the door through the at least one of the upper portion and the lower portion of the door.

Abstract: A vacuum adiabatic body includes: a first plate member; a second plate member; a sealing part sealing the first plate member and the second plate member to provide a third space; a supporting unit maintaining the third space; a heat resistance unit for decreasing a heat transfer amount between the first plate member and the second plate member; and an exhaust port through which a gas in the third space is exhausted. The vacuum adiabatic body further includes a peripheral adiabatic part provided to an outer wall of an edge portion of the third space to improve the adiabatic performance of the edge portion of the third space, and the peripheral adiabatic part is provided as a separate adiabatic member. Accordingly, an adiabatic effect may be improved and volume of an outer door in a door-in-door refrigerator may be increased.

Abstract: A liquefaction system that is configured to use a single methane expander to provide primary refrigeration duty. The liquefaction system can include a first or main heat exchanger and a fluid circuit coupled with the heat exchanger, the fluid circuit configured to circulate a process stream derived from an incoming feedstock of natural gas. The fluid circuit can comprise a compression circuit, methane expander coupled with the compression circuit and the main heat exchanger, a sub-cooling unit coupled with the methane expander, the sub-cooling unit configured to form a liquid natural gas (LNG) product from the process stream, and a first throttling device interposed between the main heat exchanger and the sub-cooling unit. The first throttling device can be configured to expand the process stream to a process pressure that corresponds with the suction pressure internal to the compression circuit.

Abstract: A method comprising the cooling of the feed natural-gas (15) in a first heat exchanger (16) and the introduction of the cooled feed natural-gas (40) in separator flask (18). The method further comprising dynamic expansion of a turbine input flow (46) in a first expansion turbine (22) and the introduction of the expanded flow (102) into a splitter column (26). This method includes sampling at the head of the splitter column (26) a methane-rich head stream (82) and sampling in the compressed methane-rich head stream (86) a first recirculation stream (88). The method comprises the formation of at least one second recirculation stream (96) obtained from the methane-rich head stream (82) downstream from the splitter column (26) and the formation of a dynamic expansion stream (100) from the second recirculation stream (96).

Abstract: A substrate drying method for drying a front surface of a substrate having a pattern includes a sublimation-agent-liquid-film placing step of placing a liquid film of a liquid sublimation-agent on the front surface of the substrate, a high vapor-pressure liquid placing step of placing a liquid film of a high vapor-pressure liquid that has vapor pressure higher than the sublimation agent and that does not include water on the liquid film of the sublimation-agent placed on the front surface of the substrate, a vaporizing/cooling step of losing vaporization heat in response to vaporization of the high vapor-pressure liquid, and, cooling the sublimation-agent, and, as a result, solidifying the liquid film of the sublimation-agent, and, forming a sublimation-agent film on the front surface of the substrate, and a sublimating step of sublimating the sublimation-agent film.

Abstract: A system for condensing steam from an autoclave sterilizer includes a cooling tank and a condensing coil extending into the cooling tank. Cooling water from a source of water flows into the tank to cool the condensing coil when the temperature of the coolant in the cooling tank exceeds a predetermined value. A waste water drain is in fluid communication with the cooling tank. An air gap is located between the tank and the source of cooling water. The air gap includes an opening to atmospheric air and is configured to avoid back flow from a waste water drain toward the water source. A check valve may be used with or in lieu of an air gap to prevent back flow toward the water source.

Abstract: A pipe-within-a-pipe and method of use are provided. The pipe-within-a-pipe comprises a first tube overlaying a second tube. The first tube and the second tube have different structures in some respect.

Abstract: The present disclosure is to provide a heat sink capable of improving cooling efficiency of a heat radiation fin and exhibiting excellent cooling performance with respect to a cooling target regardless of an installation posture of the heat sink, and capable of being installed even in a narrow space.

Abstract: An energy recovery system includes a heating or cooling system and an accessory operably connected to the heating or cooling system, or a component of the heating or cooling system. One or more accessory interlocking mechanisms are located at the housing interlocked with one or more complimentary interlocking mechanisms located at the system or the component of the heating or cooling system to secure the accessory directly to the component. A method of securing an accessory to a heating or cooling system or a component of a heating or cooling system includes aligning one or more accessory interlocking mechanisms with one or more complimentary interlocking mechanisms The accessory is urged toward an installed position by moving the accessory along a length of the one or more complimentary interlocking mechanisms. The one or more accessory interlocking mechanisms are interlocked with the complimentary interlocking mechanisms to secure the accessory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tube for a heat exchanger, wherein at least a part of the tube has a variable cross-section in longitudinal direction, wherein a cross-sectional area decreases from a maximum value close to an outer end of the tube to a minimum value close to an opposite outer end thereof. The invention further relates to a heat exchanger provided with at least one such tube and to a central heating installation and a tap water system comprising such a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed for transferring heat from a first material to a second material comprises a structural heat transfer member having a first surface in contact with the first material and a second surface in contact with the second material. The heat exchanger also has a coating on the first surface, the second surface, or on the first and second surfaces. The coating comprises filler particles dispersed in a polymer resin matrix.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and apparatus for controlling the temperature of large scale structures during manufacturing operations. A structure or surface when measured by Computer Aided Measuring Systems (CAMS) preferably remains a predetermined constant temperature with minimum variance. The manufacturing system includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a plurality of temperature regulation devices, and a processor, all in wireless communication. During performance of a CAMS process on a large scale structure or surface, a recorded temperature value of the structure or surface is communicated. A determination is made based on the recorded temperature value to operate the plurality of temperature regulation devices to control the temperature of targeted areas of the structure or surface. The temperature regulation devices are monitored and controlled such that the structure or surface is stabilized and distortion is prevented during the CAMS process.

Abstract: A firearm includes a frame assembly, a slide assembly releasably and slidably coupled to the frame assembly, a bolt assembly including a leading surface, a firing pin, and an adjuster. The adjuster includes a body and an extension. The body defines a first bore, defines a leading surface, and has a thickness. The leading surface is configured to interface with a rear portion of a cartridge, and the body spaces the leading surface from the leading surface of the bolt assembly. The extension couples the body to the bolt assembly and defines a second bore that shares a common central axis with the first bore. The first bore and the second bore receive the firing pin such that the firing pin at least selectively protrudes from the leading surface of the adjuster to engage the cartridge.

Abstract: Improvements to firearms that load cartridges from a magazine and/or a clip are disclosed. Specifically, improvements to slide assemblies and bolt assemblies to depress a cartridge in a magazine and/or a clip are provided. Such improvements include a sloped bottom-facing surface of the slide assembly and/or bolt assembly. The sloped bottom-facing surface is sloped along the length of the portion that contacts a cartridge in the magazine and/or clip when the slide assembly and/or bolt assembly reciprocates.

Abstract: A bolt stop assembly is disclosed herein. The bolt stop assembly may include a receiver and a bolt. The receiver may include a plurality of channels extending longitudinally to a firearm barrel. The bolt may include a series of lugs on a distal end of the bolt configured to traverse the plurality of channels. The bolt stop assembly may include an aperture adjacent to the breech end of the receiver, and an actuating bolt stop set within the aperture. The actuating bolt stop actuates around a pivot pin within a pin hole set parallel to a longitudinal axis. The actuating bolt stop may include an interior surface where a biasing member is disposed between the interior surface and the receiver.

Abstract: A magazine well for receiving a portion of a firearm magazine. The magazine well includes a cavity for receiving the portion of the magazine, the cavity having an input end and a second end opposite the input end. The cavity further includes a channel extending from the input end to the second end, wherein the channel has a tapered portion with a larger cross-sectional diameter closest to the input end of the cavity.

Abstract: A magazine, magazine assembly, magazine retrofit kit and/or portion thereof configured to provide tactile indication of magazine ammunition level.

Abstract: A magazine loader for loading a batch of rimmed cartridges into a tubular rifle magazine is disclosed. In embodiments, the magazine loader comprises an elongate body comprising a hopper portion and a tubular magazine receiving portion with a circular aperture for receiving the tubular rifle magazine. In embodiments, the body defines a feed passageway extending between the hopper portion and the circular aperture of the tubular magazine receiving portion. The body may define, extending along the feed passageway, a first cartridge orienting passageway defined by a first cartridge orienting portion, a second cartridge orienting passageway defined by a second cartridge orienting portion, a third cartridge orienting passageway defined by a third cartridge orienting portion, and a fourth cartridge orienting passageway defined by a fourth cartridge orienting portion.

Abstract: A sound suppressor for a firearm includes an enclosure enclosing at least a portion of a barrel of the firearm. An intermediate member is coupled to an outer end of the barrel and includes a base member, ring member and a plurality of extension members therebetween. The base member is positioned proximate the intermediate member inner end and includes a through-hole extending longitudinally therethrough. The ring member is positioned proximate the intermediate member outer end. A space between the plurality of extension members forms a chamber. The sound suppressor also includes a flash hider coupled to the intermediate member outer end. The flash hider includes a plurality of baffles extending radially and spaced apart longitudinally from the flash hider inner end to the flash hider outer end, and a plurality of open channels formed between the plurality of baffles. The intermediate member and flash hider are enclosed within the enclosure.

Abstract: A side-discharge muzzle brake includes a body, which includes an attachment portion and multiple ports located in the wall of the body. The side-discharge muzzle brake further includes a sleeve sized to slide over a portion of the body and to be rotatable around the body. The sleeve includes multiple openings. The side-discharge muzzle brake includes a securing assembly that allows that sleeve to be rotatable around the portion of the body in two directions for a full 360 degrees of rotation.

Abstract: A weighted replica firearm is operable to be handled by a user for simulated firearm training. The firearm includes a firearm receiver, a barrel weight support, and barrel weights. The barrel weights are selectively mounted to the barrel weight support. Each barrel weight includes a corresponding weight connection interface removably interconnecting with a support connection interface of the barrel weight support when the barrel weight is mounted to the barrel weight support.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an archery bow comprises a riser, a first limb and a second limb. The first limb supports a first rotatable member, which comprises a cam. The second limb supports a second rotatable member, which comprises a pulley comprising a peripheral groove. A ring comprising an elastomeric material is positioned in the peripheral groove. A power cable is arranged to be taken up on the cam as the bow is drawn. A string segment is arranged to wrap around the pulley. The string segment contacts the ring.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, a device for retaining a firearm is described, including a first portion configured for attachment to the firearm, the first portion including a tapered distal end ending at a tip and configured for insertion into the ground or a stand, the first portion defining a hanging aperture and a plurality of attachment apertures, each attachment aperture of the plurality of attachment apertures configured to receive at least one adjustment element or at least one attachment mechanism therein.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing squirt device comprises a handle member, a barrel/loading member, and a spray nozzle member. The barrel/loading member connects to the top portion of the handle member, and contains an access hatch where the carbonated beverage is held. The liquid from the carbonated beverage can is dispensed through the spray nozzle with the can is pierced.

Abstract: Provided herein are fluid jet enhancement adapters for use with a propellant driven disrupter. The adapter may comprise: a first end operably connected to a muzzle end of a propellant driven disrupter barrel and a second end, wherein a longitudinal region extends between the first end and the second end. The longitudinal region has: a longitudinal region inner surface that defines a longitudinal region lumen; a longitudinal region outer surface opposably facing the longitudinal region inner surface, with a longitudinal region wall having a wall thickness that separates the longitudinal region inner surface from the longitudinal region outer surface. The longitudinal region lumen has a first end inner diameter that is substantially equivalent to a muzzle inner diameter. The longitudinal region wall forms a continuous surface that radially isolates the longitudinal region lumen from a surrounding environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of air rifles, and particularly to a gear-type air rifle gear cock structure, including a air cylinder, a gear cock controller, a rack, and a rack reset spring, the gear cock controller is fixedly connected with the air cylinder, and the rack is arranged between the air cylinder and the gear cock controller; the air cylinder includes a air cylinder body, a piston, and a magazine, the air cylinder body has a hollow structure with an air chamber inside, the piston is arranged in the air chamber inside the air cylinder body, the magazine communicates with the air chamber through an outlet pipe; two ends of the rack are a piston fixing end and a spring fixing end respectively, the piston fixing end is connected with the piston through a lug arranged at the piston fixing end, the spring fixing end is connected with the rack reset spring, two ends of the rack reset spring are respectively fixed on the rack and the air cylinder.

Abstract: A concealable firearm is disclosed. The handle of the firearm is adjustable from a concealed position to an in-use position. When the handle is in the concealed position, the firearm has the appearance of a cell phone. This allows the firearm to be carried in the open and be easily accessible without drawing attention to the person carrying the firearm. The firearm cannot fire when in the concealed position because the trigger is not accessible.

Abstract: A replacement buttstock includes a stock body and a locking lever assembly. The stock body has an elongated receiving chamber for receiving a connecting extension of a rifle. The locking lever assembly includes a lever element, a locking pin, a stopper element and a restoring element. The stopper element is operated to allow the lever element to move to an unlock state in which the locking pin is driven to move out of the receiving chamber for unlocking the connecting extension, so that the buttstock is convenient and easy to be quickly assembled with and detached from the rifle while the user does not have to change his or her original aiming gesture.

Abstract: An improved clarity sighting system; the improved clarity sighting system includes a collection of front and rear firearm sights, and a gauge tool having mock front and rear sights representing each of the genuine front and rear sights. The gauge tool simulates sight pictures formed by the alignment of the mock front and rear sights. Each of the mock-front-sights corresponds to and replicates the size and shape one of the genuine front-sights, and each of the mock-rear-sights corresponds to and replicates the size and shape of one of the genuine rear-sights. In this way, a user may visually determine which combination of each of the plurality of front-sights and each of plurality of rear-sights matches the user's vision. Each of the genuine front and rear sights are enlarged and are tapered on each face towards the muzzle of then firearm in order to enhance clarity.

Abstract: A light emission assembly for a weapon sight, and methods of making and using such a light emission assembly, whereby the light emission assembly includes a light conductive member having a light conductive member length disposed between light conductive member first and second ends; a chamber disposed inside of the light conductive member proximate the light conductive member second end, whereby the chamber can be configured to contain a light emitting element; and a light conductive protrusion axially coupled to the light conductive member proximate the light conductive member first end, whereby the light conductive protrusion terminates in a viewing end, the viewing end cross-sectional area lesser than a light conductive member first end cross-sectional area.

Abstract: Multilayer composite materials having a camouflaged appearance. More particularly, camouflaged tactical vest covers having slots for the webless attachment of accessories. An easily colored outer fabric is provided with a colored camouflage pattern and backed with a non-colored high tenacity fabric for enhanced durability. A colored intermediate adhesive is employed to maintain a camouflaged visual appearance without the added complexity of dying the high tenacity fibers of the backing material.

Abstract: A defense device for combating an unmanned aircraft includes a communications device configured for receiving communications information transmitted by at least one external signal source, an emitting device configured for producing and emitting a high-energy electromagnetic pulse in the event of triggering of the emitting device, and a control device configured to trigger the emission of the high-energy electromagnetic pulse depending on communications information received by the communications device. A protective configuration for combating an unmanned aircraft and a method for operating a protective configuration are also provided.

Abstract: A metallic case for a pyrotechnical igniter of a gas generator for a vehicle safety device that includes a peripheral side wall, a closed end, and a weak zone in the peripheral side wall. The weak zone extends along a continuous trace having a first end portion, a second end portion, and an intermediate portion between the first and second end portions. The first and second end portions of the continuous trace both transition from a first point having a first side wall depth to a second point having a second side wall depth. The second side wall depth is greater than the first side wall depth. The weak zone is configured for opening a vent in the peripheral side wall in response to an increase of pressure within the metallic case.

Abstract: Exemplary systems and methods for modifying and enhancing pyrotechnic emissions and effects are provided including systems for irradiating pyrotechnic emissions using electromagnetic radiation sources with programmable electromagnetic radiation profiles. Exemplary systems include coupling an electromagnetic radiation source to a pyrotechnic device to irradiate pyrotechnic emissions or irradiating pyrotechnic emissions with an external electromagnetic radiation source. Exemplary methods include identifying a desired pyrotechnic emission output and designing an emission and effect output to meet the desired output.