Abstract: The present invention relates to a testing method and a corresponding testing system, for example for testing workpieces (2), which are provided for producing containers, in particular beverage bottles, and which can consist of a basic body and a barrier layer that is at least partially applied to the basic body, whereby the workpieces (2) are transported into a receiving vessel (4) by means of a transport device (3), and whereby an image of the workpieces (2) is generated by means of a capturing device (6) and is transmitted to a processing device for testing, wherein the workpieces (2) are led into the receiving vessel (4) upon leaving the transport device (3), whereby the image is generated between the departure from the transport device (3) and the receiving vessel (4) and wherein the image is processed by the processing device in such a way that the quality of the basic body and/or the quality of the barrier layer of the workpieces (2) is tested in order to detect defective workpieces (2).

Abstract: A device and method for expediting spectral measurement in metrological activities during semiconductor device fabrication through interferometric spectroscopy of white light illumination during calibration, overlay, and recipe creation.

Abstract: This diagnosis support apparatus is a diagnosis support apparatus of a vacuum degassing tank having an immersion tube that extends downward, the diagnosis support apparatus including a camera that is configured to capture an image of an inner circumferential surface of an immersion tube seen from below at an angle in a state of being disposed outside the inner circumferential surface of the immersion tube in a plan view and acquire the image as data and an image processor that is configured to be connected to the camera and carry out image-processing of the data.

Abstract: Determining parameters of a patterned structure located on top of an underneath layered structure, where input data is provided which includes first measured data PMD being a function ƒ of spectral intensity I? and phase ?, PMD=ƒ(I?; ?), corresponding to a complex spectral response of the underneath layered structure, and second measured data Smeas indicative of specular reflection spectral response of a sample formed by the patterned structure and the underneath layered structure, and where a general function F is also provided describing a relation between a theoretical optical response Stheor of the sample and a modeled optical response Smodel of the patterned structure and the complex spectral response PMD of the underneath layered structure, such that Stheor=F(Smodel; PMD), where the general function is then utilized for comparing the second measured data Smeas and the theoretical optical response Stheor, and determining parameter(s) of interest of the top structure.

Abstract: A laser processing device includes a beam splitter disposed between a focusing lens and a protective window, a return light measurement unit configured to measure intensity distribution of a return light reflected from a workpiece and returning to an external optical system via the beam splitter, a storage unit configured to store at least one of normal pattern data representing the intensity distribution of the return light when the protective window is in normal condition and abnormal pattern data representing the intensity distribution of the return light when the protective window is contaminated, a processing unit configured to perform a process of detecting contamination of the protective window during laser processing based on measurement data about the return light and at least one of the normal pattern data and the abnormal pattern data, and a warning unit configured to warn of contamination of the protective window in accordance with the process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting materials on a conveyor belt using multi-energy x-ray absorption imaging. A spectroscopic x-ray detector consisting of a line array of pixels receives x-rays from an x-ray source directed through the conveyor belt. The x-rays are attenuated as they pass through the belt and materials on the belt. The pixels each produce an energy spectrum of the received x-rays. The received energy spectrum of each pixel is related to the source x-ray spectrum to determine a measured attenuation, which is then related to an attenuation model that includes the attenuation coefficients of a set of preselected constituent materials expected to be in or on the belt. Mathematical regression is used to fit the measured attenuation to the attenuation model to find the thickness of each constituent material for each pixel.

Abstract: Method for a non-destructive and image forming examination of a sample (1) by means of a heat flow thermography method where the examination consists of evaluating the presence of any gradients in heat flow velocity at respective depth distances from a surface of the sample (1), comprising exciting the sample (1) by means of periodic heat pulses P1 from at least one excitation source, and capturing thermal image sequences of a thermal flow originating from the heat pulses by at least one infrared camera (5), implementing relative time delays ?t between a starting point of imaging of the respective image sequences and a starting point of the periodic excitation, combining all captured image sequences to a resulting image sequence in which all images are arranged in a correct time sequence, and extracting from the resulting image sequence an indication of the existence and depth distance of a heat flow velocity transition from a surface of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas analysis and to combustible gas and vapour analyzers based on a thermocatalytic operating principle. The subject of the invention is a sensor the sensitive elements of which are manufactured by planar techniques that can be easily automated. The main distinguishing feature is that a working sensitive element and a reference sensitive element are colocated in a single micron-sized structural component (a microchip) on a common substrate made of porous anodic aluminium oxide. The design of the sensitive elements provides for film-wise heat transfer from heated parts of the working and reference sensitive elements. Measuring microheaters which heat the working and reference sensitive elements up to working temperatures and provide for differentially measuring an output signal in a measuring bridge circuit are spaced apart at opposite sides of the anodic aluminium oxide substrate and are disposed on arms projecting beyond the common substrate configuration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sensing system and method that includes a plurality of resistive elements coupled to a plurality of nodes and a control system configured to index through a plurality of modes to measure an electrical characteristic for each resistive element. Each mode of the plurality of modes represents a different combination of power, return, or open circuit condition applied to each of the plurality of nodes, and the control system is configured to calculate, for each of the modes, a total power consumed by the system and a power consumed by each of the resistive elements based on the measured electrical characteristics, to determine a physical parameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for determining the void fraction of a multi-phase system in a channel. The method comprises the steps of measuring a void fraction dependent parameter of the multi-phase system, obtaining a flow regime of the multi-phase system, and determining the void fraction of the multi-phase system taking into account a set of one or more relationships between the void fraction dependent parameter and the void fraction, the set of relationships being specific for the obtained flow regime.

Abstract: Provided are graphene-based nanopore and nanostructure devices, which devices may include an insulating layer disposed atop the graphene, which can be in a planar shape or nanostructured into a ribbon or other shapes, containing a single graphene layer or several layers. Graphene layers and nanostructures can be placed nearby horizontally or stacked vertically. Also provided are related methods of fabricating and processing such devices and also methods of using such devices in macromolecular analysis.

Abstract: A reagent layer of a sensor contains as a mediator a quinone compound having a hydrophilic functional group, phenanthrenequinone, and/or a phenanthrenequinone derivative. The quinone compound has a lower redox potential than a conventional mediator, so interfering substances have less effect on detection results with this sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a reagent composition having higher storage stability; a sensor involving the reagent composition; and others. According to the present invention, a specific heterocyclic compound is added to a reagent composition to improve the storage stability of the reagent composition and reduce the degree of fluctuation in current values in a sensor that utilizes reagent composition.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor has a lid element comprising a substrate, multiple electrodes, multiple interior contacts electrically coupled to the multiple electrodes, a base element configured to be coupled to the lid element, and an electrolyte element. The base element includes a sensor cavity, multiple exterior contacts located at an exterior surface of the base element, and multiple signal communication channels comprising multiple signal communication lines, and the electrolyte element is located in the sensor cavity. When the lid element is coupled to the base element, the multiple electrodes are located in the sensor cavity, the multiple electrodes are in electrolytic communication with the electrolyte element, the multiple interior contacts are located in the sensor cavity, and the multiple interior contacts are electrically coupled to the multiple exterior contacts by the multiple signal communication lines.

Abstract: A formaldehyde detecting apparatus includes a formaldehyde sensor configured to measure concentration of formaldehyde in air; a printed circuit board on which the formaldehyde sensor is disposed, the printed circuit board including a signal processor configured to process a signal output from the formaldehyde sensor; a fixing member disposed on the printed circuit board, the fixing member configured to fix the formaldehyde sensor, wherein the fixing member prevents the formaldehyde sensor from oscillating with respect to the printed circuit board by external vibration; and a power supply configured to supply a voltage capable of stabilizing an output signal to the signal processor.

Abstract: A metal terminal includes a front-side terminal member and a rear-side terminal member. The front-side terminal member includes a female connection portion, and the rear-side terminal member includes a male connection portion. The female connection portion has an insertion port in which the male connection portion is inserted. The insertion port is formed in a shape that prevents the insertion port and the male connection portion from coming into contact with each other when the male connection portion is inserted therein. The female connection portion includes a terminal contact portion which brings the male connection portion and the female connection portion into contact with each other by pressing the male connection portion toward the female connection portion inside the female connection portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a nitride based sensor including a nitride based semiconductor, wherein a plurality of metal nanoparticles are attached to a surface of the nitride based semiconductor, and the surface of the nitride based semiconductor is passivated with at least one thiol compound. The present invention also provides a method of fabricating a nitride-based sensor. The present invention also discloses a porous gallium nitride (GaN) based H2 gas sensor, comprising a GaN based semiconductor with a plurality of Pt nanoparticles attached to a surface, wherein the GaN based semiconductor is passivated with a thiol compound, and wherein the sensor exhibits responsiveness of at least 60% for detection of H2 at a concentration of 30 ppm at room temperature.

Abstract: A molecular detection apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a distributor which ionizes a target containing substances to be detected, applies voltage to ionized substances, and extracts the substances to be detected according to a time-of-flight based on the speed; a detector which detects the substance to be detected dropped from the distributor; and a discriminator which discriminates the substance to be detected. The detector includes: a plurality of detection units including field effect transistors using graphene layers; and a plurality of organic probes which are provided on the graphene layers, and at least some of which have different bond strengths with the substances to be detected. The substance to be detected is discriminated depending on a signal pattern based on intensity differences of the detection signals generated by differences in the bond strengths between the organic probes and the substances to be detected.

Abstract: A molecular detection apparatus according to an arrangement includes: a collection unit collecting a detection target gas containing a molecule to be detected; a detector including a detection cell that has an organic probe provided in a sensor unit, the organic probe capturing the collected molecule, and a discriminator discriminating the molecule by a detection signal generated by the molecule being captured by the organic probe of the detection cell. The detection cell has the organic probe including a dicyanovinyl structure or a coumarin structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of recalibrating a device for assessing concentration of at least one analyte ion in a liquid, the device having a plurality of ion selective electrodes (ISEs) generating a signal in response to sensing a selected ion in the liquid, and a data processing unit implementing a neural network algorithm that has been trained to calculate ion interference between the selected ion and other ions in the liquid sensed at one of the electrodes and/or electrode interference between ones of the electrodes sensing a same selected ion.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to compositions that include a synthetic redox-active receptor, and in particular to compositions that include a boronic acid based synthetic redox-active receptor which can electrochemically sense a target analyte in a sample solution. In some embodiments, a synthetic redox-active receptor can have a composition of formula I: wherein the variables L, L?, R, R?, n and X? are described herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving the analysis of analytes by using electrophoresis apparatus. Exemplary methods provide an increase in the yield of useful results, e.g., quantity and quality of useable data, in automated peak detection, in connection with an electrophoretic separation, e.g., capillary electrophoresis. In various embodiments, the system virtualizes the raw data, transforming the migration time into virtual units thereby allowing the visual comparison of analyte electropherograms and the reliable measurement of unknown analytes. The analytes can be, for example, any organic or inorganic molecules, including but not limited to nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), proteins, peptides, glycans, metabolites, secondary metabolites, lipids, or any combination thereof. Analyte detection can be performed by any method including, but not limited to, fluorescence detection or UV absorption.

Abstract: The invention provides a dry electroblotting system for dry blotting gels, in which the system includes an electroblotting transfer stack that comprises an analysis gel and a blotting membrane, an anode, a body of anodic gel matrix juxtaposed with the anode between the anode and the transfer stack, a cathode, and a body of cathodic gel matrix juxtaposed with the cathode between the cathode and the transfer stack, in which the anodic gel matrix and the cathodic gel matrix each comprise an ion source for electrophoretic transfer. The dry electroblotting system does not use any liquid buffers that are added to the system just before electroblotting (such as when the transfer stack is being assembled). The anode, the cathode, or both can be separate from a power supply and provided as part of a disposable electrode assembly that also includes a body of gel matrix that includes ions for electrophoretic transfer.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing a separation medium, where the method includes exposing a separation medium precursor solution to light from a light source through a photomask that includes a region with varied light transmittance to produce the separation medium. Systems that find use in performing the methods, microfluidic devices that include the separation medium, as well as methods of using the microfluidic devices, are also provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure find use in a variety of different applications, including detecting whether an analyte is present in a fluid sample.

Abstract: A method for producing a membrane device includes: forming an insulating film as a first film on a Si substrate; forming a Si film as a second film on the entire surface or a part of the first film; forming an insulating film as a third film on the second film; forming an aperture so as to pass through a part of the third film positioned on the second film and not to pass through the second film; etching a part of the substrate on one side of the first film with a solution that does not etch the first film; and etching a part or all of the second film on the other side of the first film with a gas or a solution that does not etch the first film and has an etching rate for the third film lower than an etching rate for the second film.

Abstract: A DNA sequencing device, and related method, which include an electrode and a plurality of spaced apart alignment structures. The electrode defines an electrode gap, the electrode being operable to detect a change in tunneling current as a DNA strand passes through the electrode gap. The plurality of spaced apart alignment structures are arranged to position nucleotides of the DNA strand in a predetermined orientation as the DNA strand passes through the electrode gap.

Abstract: A discharge-based photo ionisation detector (PID) for use with gas chromatography systems is provided. The PID includes a discharge zone in which a plasma can be generated, resulting in the emission of energetic photons. The PID further includes an ionisation zone in which the gas sample to be analysed is bombarded by the photons created in the discharge zone, photo ionising the impurities in the gas sample. The generated current is measured in order to measure the concentration of impurities in the gas sample. Plasma localizing of the plasma in the discharge zone and optical monitoring of the emission from the plasma in the discharge zone may be provided. Methods using such a PID with a split input from a chromatography column or with inputs from two different chromatography columns are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing effects of pipe couplings in electromagnetic log data. A method for corrosion detection comprises disposing an electromagnetic logging tool within a plurality of concentric pipes in a wellbore; obtaining electromagnetic log data along the concentric pipes; and identifying a location of at least one pipe coupling on at least one of the concentric pipes; and processing the electromagnetic log data to determine one or more attribute of the concentric pipes as a function of depth, wherein the processing uses the location of at least one pipe coupling to account for effect of the at least one pipe coupling on the electromagnetic log data.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting air, a related system, and a related method are provided. The circuit for detecting air includes a receiver connection and an air-detection circuit. The receiver connection is configured to provide a receiver signal. The air-detection circuit is in operative communication with the receiver connection to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air. The air-detection circuit includes one or more active-rectifying elements configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an element substrate, an element electrode located on an upper surface of the element substrate, an insulating member covering at least a part of the element electrode, and a detection part that includes an immobilizing film located on the upper surface of the element substrate or an upper surface of the insulating member, and performs a detection of a detection object contained in a specimen. A surface roughness of the immobilizing film is smaller than a surface roughness of the element electrode. In a sensor apparatus of other embodiment of the present invention, an amount of oxygen in a surface layer part of the immobilizing film is smaller than an amount of oxygen in a surface layer part of the element electrode.

Abstract: An abnormality occurrence presumption apparatus which presumes the occurrence of an abnormality in a telescopic cover attached to a machine tool performs supervised learning on the basis of a feature amount extracted from a physical quantity acquired during an operation of the machine tool and information related to an abnormality occurring in the telescopic cover, and stores the result of the learning. The abnormality occurrence presumption apparatus presumes an abnormality that may occur in the telescopic cover during the operation of the machine tool on the basis of the result of the learning and the feature amount extracted from the physical quantity.

Abstract: Methods are provided for making, processing, and analyzing in situ measurements to indicate presence of thin bedding planes of weakness in a formation. Bedding planes as small as a few inches and smaller are identified using an ultrasonic borehole tool. In one embodiment, detected pseudo-Rayleigh waveforms are processed to determine whether multiple events are detected. If so, lamination and a likely bedding plane of weakness are identified. In another embodiment, a sonic borehole tool is run in conjunction with the ultrasonic borehole tool. Indications of shear and pseudo-shear wave speeds are compared, and where different, a bedding plane of weakness is identified. In another embodiment, a microresistivity imager is run with the ultrasonic borehole tool, and at locations where multiple events are not detected, the image obtained by the imager is inspected to find locations of sharp contrast with adjacent locations to thereby identify bedding planes of weakness.

Abstract: An inspection device inspects a joint-type outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint that includes a cup section having a bottomed cylindrical shape and track grooves in an inner periphery thereof for torque transmitting elements, and a shaft section extending from a bottom of the cup section. The inspection device inspects the outer joint member, which is obtained through melt-welding on a cup member forming the cup section and a shaft member forming the shaft section. The inspection device includes a surface inspection unit to inspect for a defect which appears on a surface of the outer joint member due to welding, an internal inspection unit to inspect for an internal defect of a welded portion, and a recording unit to record an inspection result of the inspection. The inspection device is configured to efficiently perform in-line total inspection for the melt-welded joint-type outer joint member.

Abstract: A system and methods of nondestructive testing are described. The system includes an immersion ultrasonic probe and a laser vibrometer. The immersion ultrasonic probe and a sample are immersed in a fluid contained in an immersion tank and the laser vibrometer is disposed outside of the immersion tank. A tightly focused ultrasonic beam from the immersion ultrasonic probe and a laser beam from the laser vibrometer are both transmitted upon a sample, the laser beam being transmitted through the wall of the immersion tank. Since the ultrasonic beam is tightly focused and the laser beam samples only a small area impinged by the ultrasonic beam, microscopic resolution is obtained.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for characterizing and quantifying composite laminate structures, including structures with surfaces that are curved in two and three dimensions. The embodiments take a composite laminate of unknown ply stack composition and sequence and determine various information about the individual plies, such as ply stack, orientation, microstructure, and type. The embodiments can distinguish between weave types that may exhibit similar planar stiffness behaviors, but would produce different failure mechanisms. Individual ply information may then be used to derive the laminate bulk properties from externally provided constitutive properties of the fiber and matrix, including extensional stiffness, bending-extension coupling stiffness, bending stiffness, and the like. The laminate bulk properties may then be used to generate a probabilistic failure envelope for the composite laminate.

Abstract: A method including: generating a first comb optical signal; generating a second comb optical signal; exciting a sample using in combination the first comb optical signal and the second comb optical signal; and detecting at the sample an acoustic response of the sample.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: A flow controller including a flow channel resistance disposed in a carrier gas supply flow channel, a control valve, pressure detecting portion 22 and a pressure difference detecting portion, a storage part storing a first calibration curve indicating a correlation between a pressure difference ?p and a total flow volume ftemp1 at the first set supply pressure Pin, ref1 and a second calibration curve indicating a correlation between a pressure difference ?p and the total flow volume ftemp2 at a second set supply pressure Pin,ref2 larger than the first set supply pressure Pin,ref1 is provided. A total flow volume f of the carrier gas is calculated based on the supply pressure pin detected by the pressure detecting portion, pressure difference ?p information detected by the pressure difference detecting portion, the first calibration curve and the second calibration curve.

Abstract: A control device for controlling at least part of a sample separation apparatus for separating a fluidic sample, the sample separation apparatus including at least two fluid accommodation volumes having different flow through properties and each being configured for temporarily accommodating fluidic sample, wherein the control device is configured for controlling operation of at least part of the sample separation apparatus for at least partially compensating sample separation artifacts resulting from the different flow through properties of the fluid accommodation volumes.

Abstract: A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2° C./min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for an electronic sensor for detecting a root of a plant in soil, the electronic sensor that includes a first conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil, a switch, a power supply, and signal extractor. The switch is electrically coupled to the first conductor plate and is configured to switch between a first mode and a second mode. The power supply is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to provide an electrical charge to the first conductor plate in the first mode of the switch. The signal extractor is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to extract a signal response at the first conductor plate in the second mode of the switch. The present disclosure further provides a second conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil adjacent to and substantially parallel to the first conductor plate. The second conductor plate is electrically coupled to ground.

Abstract: A system and processing methods for configuring and utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) for plant disease recognition are disclosed. In some embodiments, the system is programmed to collect photos of infected plants or leaves where regions showing symptoms of infecting diseases are marked. Each photo may have multiple marked regions. Depending on how the symptoms are sized or clustered, one marked region may include only one lesion caused by one disease, while another may include multiple, closely-spaced lesions caused by one disease. The system is programmed to determine anchor boxes having distinct aspect ratios from these marked regions for each convolutional layer of a single shot multibox detector (SSD). For certain types of plants, common diseases lead to relatively many aspect ratios, some having relatively extreme values. The system is programmed to then train the SSD using the marked regions and the anchor boxes and apply the SSD to new photos to identify diseased plants.

Abstract: Moisture content information in soil at a specified site, and moisture content information at a ground surface within a given range that includes the specified site, are acquired. A point where there is a risk of natural disaster within the given range is determined and highlighted, based on the moisture content information in soil at the specified site and the moisture content information at the ground surface within the given range.

Abstract: A grease testing device for testing oil separation from a grease sample includes a container defining a grease compartment for holding the grease sample. A grease shearer is at least partially positioned in the grease compartment and moves in the grease compartment to shear the grease sample in the grease compartment. A motor is operatively connected to the grease shearer to move the grease shearer in the grease compartment to shear the grease sample. A drain is arranged with respect to the grease compartment to receive oil separated from the grease sample from the grease compartment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of estimating an overheating temperature of an oil-immersed electric appliance in which ester oil is used as insulating oil. The overheating temperature is estimated based on a first concentration ratio representing a concentration ratio between two types of gas components contained in the ester oil and a second concentration ratio representing a concentration ratio between other two types of gas components contained in the ester oil. The first concentration ratio and the second concentration ratio are selected from a concentration ratio between acetylene and ethane, a concentration ratio between acetylene and hydrogen, a concentration ratio between acetylene and methane, and a concentration ratio between acetylene and ethylene.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting a marker in a liquid, comprising a reaction chamber, provided with a thermosensitive sensor, wherein said reaction chamber comprises an photopolymer capable of releasing or generating a chemical species that is capable of undergoing or initiating an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction with a marker present in the liquid.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing metastasis in a metastatic-suspicious sample, including: a bio-chip, an electrical signal extraction board and a processor. The bio-chip includes a biosensor including a substrate, an array of electrodes, where the array of electrodes is patterned on the substrate and at least one Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) which is adhered on the substrate and on the array of electrodes forming a biological trap for a metastatic cell. A metastatic-suspicious sample may be introduced onto the bio-chip allowing for diagnosis of metastasis by monitoring the time-lapse electrical signals that are recorded by the processor.

Abstract: A bracket, a thrombelastography device, and a support system are disclosed. The bracket comprises: a fixed support part (101), a movable support part (102), and a connection part (103). The connection part comprises a first fixing connection member (1031) and a second fixing connection member (1032). The first fixing connection member is fixedly connected to the fixed support part; the second fixing connection member is fixedly connected to the movable support part; the first fixing connection member is connected to the second fixing connection member in point contact fashion, such that the first fixing connection member and the second fixing connection member can rotate relative to each other; the movable support part is fixedly connected to a supported object; when driven by the supported object, the movable support part rotates relative to the fixed support part by means of the point contact between the first fixing connection member and the second fixing connection member.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a sample dispenser including an internal standard and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to record consent between two or more sexual partners. If both partners cannot prove certain information, including but not limited to their respective ages and respective levels of intoxication, a consent record will not be generated or a negative consent record will be generated. A “no” or negative record consent cannot be overridden by either of the two partners.