Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor module for preventing the corrosion of electrode pads and a method of manufacturing the same. The sensor module A1 includes: an electronic component 2, having a mounting surface 2a and an installation surface 2b facing opposite sides, wherein the mounting surface 2a is disposed with electrode pads 21; an atmospheric pressure sensor 3, having a main surface 3a and an installation surface 3b facing opposite sides, and a side surface 3c connecting the main surface 3a to the installation surface 3b, and mounted on the mounting surface 2a of the electronic component 2 with the installation surface 3b facing the electronic component 2; a bonding wire 4, connected to the electrode pads 21; and a protective member 5, covering the electrode pads 21. The protective member 5 exposes a portion of the bonding wire 4 and is in contact with the side surface 3c of the atmospheric pressure sensor 3.

Abstract: A device and method for the visual inspection of the existence of pressure within a branch line of pipe is described. A mechanical tee includes a collar portion configured to extend around a pipe. The collar portion defines an axis and includes one or more fasteners to secure the tee to the pipe. A neck portion is coupled to the collar portion. The channel of the neck portion is in fluid communication with the interior of the pipe. A seal is used to prevent leakage between the pipe and the mechanical tee. A pressure indicating device is in fluid communication with the channel of the neck portion and configured to provide a visual indication of the pressure level in the channel. The pressure indicating device may optionally include electrical contacts to communicate with a monitoring system to discern and track the pressure levels in the channel.

Abstract: A photosensitive force sensor is provided. An example photosensitive force sensor comprises a force sensing device configured to be disposed on a surface of a substrate; a housing configured to be disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate; and an actuator configured to be disposed partially within the housing and partially within the aperture defined by the housing. The housing is configured to enclose the force sensing device. The aperture is configured to provide a coupling interface. The actuator is in mechanical contact with the force sensing device. The actuator is a rigid body that is configured to provide a light path from a light source external to/outside of the housing to the force sensing device.

Abstract: A diaphragm seal assembly, which includes a measuring instrument, a pressure being transmitted from a process side to be monitored, via an arrangement of two diaphragms having an evacuated intermediate space disposed therebetween, to the measuring instrument, reliably separated from the process side, the fatigue strength of the diaphragm seal assembly under extreme application conditions being improved.

Abstract: A dynamic balance testing device includes a plurality of support rollers having respective rotation axes extending in a predetermined direction, the plurality of support rollers being configured to support a specimen in internal contact with an inner periphery of the specimen in such a manner that the specimen is rotatable about a central axis of the inner periphery, the plurality of support rollers including, a first support roller having a first rotation axis that is parallel to the central axis of the inner periphery of the specimen, and a second support roller having a second rotation axis that is parallel to the central axis of the inner periphery of the specimen and is positionally different from the first rotation axis of the first support roller.

Abstract: A method for balancing a vehicle wheel includes mounting a wheel to be balanced on a rotating shaft of a machine computerized for measuring imbalances, and selecting an optimum commercial balancing weight which, when positioned on a correction plane, minimizes residual imbalance on reference planes of the wheel where the balancing tolerance is considered. One compares the residual imbalance value at the reference planes with the prescribed balancing tolerance after subtracting a vector of the static imbalance generated by the optimum balancing weight. An indicator device is activated to indicate on the wheel the optimum axial position of a correction plane for a balancing weight where the residual imbalance at the reference planes is within tolerance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a large-scale high-speed rotary equipment measuring and neural network learning regulation and control method and device based on rigidity vector space projection maximization, belonging to the technical field of mechanical assembly. The method utilizes an envelope filter principle, a two-dimensional point set S, a least square method and a learning neural network to realize large-scale high-speed rotary equipment measuring and regulation and control.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for checking a connection between a compressed air outlet of a blood treatment apparatus and a pressure measuring line of an extracorporeal blood tubing set. The methods disclosed include providing a blood treatment apparatus having a compressed air line. A compressed air device is in fluid communication with the compressed air line for generating pressure within the compressed air line. A compressed air outlet is in fluid communication with both the compressed air line and an exterior of the blood treatment apparatus. The compressed air outlet is connectable with a pressure measuring line and a pressure sensor. The method also includes building up a pressure and an air flow in the compressed air line and/or at the compressed air outlet, measuring a pressure at the compressed air outlet or in the compressed air line, and evaluating an increase of the measured pressure.

Abstract: A system for detecting a leak in a condensate generating device, the system including a pH sensor configured for measuring the pH of a condensate of the condensate generating device; and a controller operably connected to the pH sensor, the controller configured for measuring a rate of pH change over time of the condensate and a pH level of the condensate, wherein if the rate of pH change over time is greater than the pre-determined rate of pH over time and the pH level is greater than the pre-determined pH level, a leak in the condensate generating device is determined to have occurred.

Abstract: There is provided a leak detection device configured to check tightness of an object to be tested by a tracer gas, the device including a sniffing probe configured to be connected to a leak detector and/or a spray blower configured to be connected to a source of the tracer gas; and a glove to which the sniffing probe and/or the spray blower is attached. There is also provided a module for detection of leaks, including the device configured to check the checking the tightness of the object to be tested by the tracer gas.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a device for conditioning a flow of air includes a casing with an inlet and an outlet. The device has a flow conditioner disposed within the casing and concentrically aligned with the casing. The flow conditioner has a cylindrical portion and a domed end portion capping the cylindrical portion. The flow conditioner forms an annulus region between the flow conditioner and the casing. The flow conditioner also forms a mixing chamber interior to the flow conditioner. The flow conditioner also has a plurality of holes throughout the flow conditioner that are configured to permit air to pass from the inlet of the casing and the annulus into the mixing chamber. The device also has a flow straightener located at the outlet of the casing configured to straighten the airflow as it flows from the mixing chamber out of the device.

Abstract: A low profile un-lensed non-intrusive stress measurement system probe may comprise a housing comprising a first channel and an optical face, a first hypotube disposed within the first channel and coupled at a sensing aperture in the optical face, and a plurality of optical fibers disposed within the first hypotube, wherein the first hypotube executes a bend between 45° and 90° within the housing.

Abstract: A novel, advanced polymeric swab is disclosed herein. The swabs have a surface texture that allows for independent motion between microscale regions, are reusable with no loss of accuracy or efficiency, and are fabricated from optoelectronically-active elements to minimize static charging during repeated use.

Abstract: A device for sampling, preparing and analysing a sample, for example a suspension, comprises: a sampling device adapted to sampling a fluid sample, at least one sample preparation unit adapted to prepare the sample, and at least one analysing unit. By adapting the device for sampling and analysing a sample for placement in direct vicinity to a process pipe and adapting the sampling device to sample a fluid sample directly from a gate, a compact and cost-efficient device is provided, which also provides fast feedback to a process to be controlled.

Abstract: Suggested is a device for assessing the sillage of fragrance materials, comprising or consisting of the following parts: (i) an evaluation tube (1) that is open on both ends; (ii) a ventilation system (2); (iii) at least two lockable sniffing ports (3a, 3b . . . ); (iv) a sample port (4); (v) a sample plate (5) and optionally (vi) a sample holder (6) whereby (a) said evaluation tube (1) is aligned horizontally and equipped with said at least two sniffing ports (3) and said sample port (4); (b) the front opening of said evaluation tube (1) is equipped with said ventilation system (2); (c) at least one sniffing port (3a) is located in the front section and at least one sniffing port (2b) is located in the rear section of said evaluation tube (3); (d) said sample port (4) is located within the front section of said evaluation tube (1); and (e) said sample port (4) has a diameter allowing to introduce either the sample plate (5) or the sample holder (6) into the evaluation tube (1).

Abstract: A filter made of a sponge material having air permeability and elasticity is interposed between an exhaust port of an exhaust gas sampling unit and a sampling port to thereby close a gap between the exhaust port and the sampling port. In this state, when the exhaust gas sampling unit is suctioned at a constant flow rate, the exhaust gas and the outside air around the exhaust port are taken into the exhaust gas sampling unit from the sampling port. At this time, the flow rate of the outside air taken in through the filter is suppressed by the air-flow resistance of the filter, and therefore the total flow rate of the exhaust gas and the outside air taken into the exhaust gas sampling unit is caused to be less than the suction flow rate, thereby simply and reliably preventing the exhaust gas from leaking out.

Abstract: A device for managing a sample to be analyzed comprises magnetizing equipment (302) for producing magnetic field capable of interacting, when the sample is moving to or located in a sample well, with magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample, where the magnetically amplifying material has relative magnetic permeability constant greater than one. With the aid of the magnetizing element the movement of the sample to the sample well and/or the position of the sample in the sample well can be monitored and/or controlled. The device can be, for example but not necessarily, an instrument for dispensing samples to sample wells or an optical measurement instrument.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is, in the case when a specific substance that has expressed on cells to be detected in a liquid sample is to be specifically stained, to provide a convenient cell staining method by which the damage and loss (flow out) of the cells in the collected sample are prevented, and the time has been shortened in a procedure for staining the cells in the liquid sample. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a sample collection tube that is suitable for use in the above-mentioned cell staining method. A method for specifically staining a specific substance possessed by cells in a sample, including performing the following steps in one step: (A) a step of performing an immobilization treatment of the cells; and (B) a step of performing a permeabilization treatment of the cells.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present application teaches methods for tissue clearing in which tissues are rendered macromolecule-permeable and optically-transparent, thereby exposing their cellular structure with intact connectivity. In some embodiments, the present application teaches ePACT, which is a protocol for enhanced tissue clearing via expansion. In some embodiments, the present application teaches visualizing a tissue that has been expanded via ePACT.

Abstract: A formal-in-free fixative composition, suitable for the fixation of cells in particular in liquid samples, the use of said fixative for the treatment of biological samples, a method for the treatment of cell-comprising liquid samples, a kit comprising said fixative and a method for diagnosis of cell-comprising biological material samples.

Abstract: A sectionable tissue sample support structure including a gel compound formed into a self supporting geometric shape for retention and orientation of at least one tissue sample during a histopathology process including processing, embedding and microtome slicing of the tissue sample. A method of orienting, processing, embedding and microtome slicing a tissue sample using a gel compound preformed into a self supporting geometric shape. A combination including the sectionable tissue sample support structure and a package containing the sectionable tissue sample support structure.

Abstract: Automated system configured to perform and methods for performing one or more slide processing operations on slides bearing biological samples. The system and methods enable high sample throughput while also minimizing or limiting the potential for cross-contamination of slides. The automated systems can include features that facilitate consistency, controllability of processing time, and/or processing temperature.

Abstract: A system for preparing a test sample includes a vial holder, a needle trap connected to the vial holder, and a sample preparation station. The vial holder includes a vial chamber configured to hold a vial, a purge gas needle, and a needle trap heater. The needle trap includes a needle with the needle trap heater surrounding a distal end portion of the needle. A packing bed is disposed in the needle at the distal end portion. The sample preparation station includes a housing and a vial heater assembly including a vial heater and defining a cavity. The vial holder is configured to be received in the cavity in an installed position with the vial heater surrounding at least a portion of the vial.

Abstract: A contact angle measurement system includes a housing, a rock sample holder positioned within the housing, a fluid dropper attached to the housing, and a sonicator attached to the housing. The holder can support a rock sample whose contact angle is to be measured. The fluid dropper is positioned relative to the holder to drop a fluid droplet on the rock sample when the rock sample is supported by the holder. The housing can transmit the sound wave to the fluid droplet on the rock sample, and the sound wave can sonically remove the fluid droplet from the rock sample.

Abstract: Methods and systems suitable for tracking Brownian motion of particles suspended in a fluid and determining the diffusion coefficient of the particles therefrom in order to characterize the particles, their synthesis, and/or their surface modifications. The methods include providing a sample having particles suspended in a fluid, obtaining and recording at least first and second images of the sample wherein the first image obtained at a first time and the second image subsequently obtained at a second time, determining the average displacement of the particles in an area of the first and second images during a time period between the first time and the second time based on the first and second images, and then determining a diffusion coefficient of the particles in the area of the first and second images based on the average displacement of the particles during the time period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for analyzing urine sample, a reagent for the analysis of a urine sample and a reagent kit for the analysis of a urine sample, which are used for detecting at least casts and erythrocytes as urinary particles.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting fluid particle characteristics. The device comprises a fluid composition sensor configured to receive a volume of fluid and a controller. The fluid composition sensor comprises a collection media configured to receive one or more particles of a plurality of particles within the fluid; and an imaging device configured to capture an image of one or more particles of the plurality of particles received by the collection media. The controller is configured to determine a particle impaction depth of each of the one or more particles of the plurality of particles within the collection media; and, based at least in part on the particle impaction depth of each of the one or more particles of the plurality of particles, determine a particulate matter mass concentration within the volume of fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus which detects particulate matter is provided. This apparatus estimates a volume of water inside an exhaust passage using estimation sections. When an estimated volume of water is larger than a water drainage threshold, an element portion is heated using a heater by the first temperature range controller, in a temperature range which resists water-induced cracking independent of a volume of water droplets. If the estimated volume of water is less than a water drainage threshold, the water drainage determination section determines that the water drainage of the exhaust passage is completed. Additionally, if it is estimated that the water drainage is completed, the element portion is heated by a second temperature controller at temperature lower than a starting temperature of combustion of particulate matter and in order to repel water adhered onto the element portion in a water-repellent temperature range for a predetermined period.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a rock wettability alteration include circulating a first brine fluid into a test cell that includes a rock sample and a hydrocarbon fluid disposed on a surface of the rock sample, the first brine fluid having a property at a first value; contacting the rock sample and the hydrocarbon fluid with the first brine fluid; measuring a first contact angle between the rock sample and the hydrocarbon fluid in contact with the first brine fluid; at least partially displacing the first brine fluid with a second brine fluid in the test cell, the second brine fluid having the property at a second value; contacting the rock sample and the hydrocarbon fluid with the second brine fluid; measuring a second contact angle between the rock sample and the hydrocarbon fluid in contact with the second brine fluid; and determining a wettability alteration of the rock sample based on at least one of the measured first or second contact angles.

Abstract: Particle detection device comprising a support, a platform for receiving particles, four beams suspending the platform from the support, such that the platform can be made to vibrate, means for making said platform vibrate at a resonance frequency, means for detecting the displacement of the platform in a direction of displacement. Each beam has a length l, a width L and a thickness e and the platform has a dimension in the direction of displacement of the platform and in which in a device with out of plane mode l?10×L and the dimension of each beam in the direction of displacement of the platform is at least 10 times smaller than the dimension of the platform in the direction of displacement.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes provides methods for analyzing biological samples to identify, classify, and/or quantify platelets in the sample. The present disclosure also provides systems and methods for analyzing a blood sample to determine presence of platelet clumps in the sample. Also provided are systems configured for performing the disclosed methods and computer readable medium storing instructions for performing steps of the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A particle detector that includes a housing defining a chamber, and an air stream injector, producing an airstream with entrained particles, in the chamber. A light source produces a light beam that intersects with and is wider than the air stream. A light detection assembly detects light generated by scattering of the light beam, by particles in the air stream. A digitizer produces a sequence of scattering digital values, each representing light detected per a first unit of time duration. Additionally, a summing assembly produces a sequence of summed scattering digital values, each equaling a sum of a sequential set of n of the digital values, and wherein successive summed digital values are offset by a the first unit of time duration and overlap by n?1 of the first units of time duration with a nearest neighbor. Finally, a detection assembly processes the summed scattering digital values to detect particles.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for determining a hydrodynamic size of an object, such as a nano-sized object, said method comprising the steps of: —providing a fluid interface, —linking said object to said fluid interface thereby providing a linked object, whereby the movement of said linked object is restricted by virtue of being linked to said fluid interface, —providing and determining a hydrodynamic shear force that acts on said linked object, —tracking the movement of said linked object, and —calculating the hydrodynamic size of the object using the Einstein-Smoluchowski relation.

Abstract: A cell capture system including an array, an inlet manifold, and an outlet manifold. The array includes a plurality of parallel pores, each pore including a chamber and a pore channel, an inlet channel fluidly connected to the chambers of the pores; an outlet channel fluidly connected to the pore channels of the pores. The inlet manifold is fluidly connected to the inlet channel, and the outlet channel is fluidly connected to the outlet channel. A cell removal tool is also disclosed, wherein the cell removal tool is configured to remove a captured cell from a pore chamber.

Abstract: A peel testing device designed to test the resistance to peeling of test pieces each formed from a support and from a reinforcement glued to this support, and comprising a frame with a face roller and at least one guide roller, a traction machine configured to peel the reinforcement from the surface of the support in a peeling direction tangential to the face roller and a sensor for measuring the force exerted by the traction machine during peeling, the device also comprising a fastening cable connected, on the one hand, to the traction machine and on the other hand to the face roller with which it forms a pulley system and the face roller which has a greater diameter than that of the guide roller comprises a mounting element for holding the reinforcement fixedly there.

Abstract: A method and apparatus used for detecting gaseous chemicals. The method and apparatus use an interferometer to filter received light by wavelength, creating an image only using light with wavelengths that are affected by the presence of a gaseous chemical. A reference image composed of light with wavelengths unaffected by the presence of a gaseous chemical is also created and used as a reference. A gaseous chemical is detected where the ratio of the intensity of the two images changes. Despite the high spectral resolution of the filter, the system can operate with a very wide field of view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting one or more metals in as liquid sample. The method includes the step of extracting the metal from the liquid sample and retaining the metal on a binding material. The detection of the extracted metal can be performed with the metal retained on the binding material or after the elution of the metal off the binding material.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining one or more distillation temperatures for one or more given distillation weight percentages of a crude oil sample are provided, which can be used to produce a simulated distillation curve. Simulated distillation temperatures of crude oil samples are assigned as a function of density and data derived from UV/Visible spectroscopy measurement of the crude oil samples.

Abstract: A quality-sensing bottle cap includes a sensor array having a plurality of conductive polymeric sensors. In some embodiments, each sensor is exposed within a mechanical chamber and is in electrical communication with an interrogation interface. The mechanical chamber is configured, in an inactive state, to be closed off from a headspace above a liquid contained in a bottle sealed with the quality-sensing bottle cap and configured, in an active state, to be open to the headspace. The sensor array may be tailored for a particular application, such as the detection of olive oil aroma. The sensor array may, for example, allow discrimination among olive oils of different qualities (e.g., extra virgin olive oil, lampante virgin olive oil, and refined olive oil), as well as discrimination among olive oils with negative attributes (e.g., olive oils with unpleasant aromatic notes, such as “fusty,” “muddy sediment,” “musty,” and “rancid”).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for facilitating the scheduling and controlling the presentation of media content at one or more Venues (e.g., bars, restaurants). The scheduling and presentation is coordinated by a distributed system including a scheduling management server and a local subsystem at the Venue. The system is also configured to receive information from remote devices including electronic media guides as well as user devices enabling venue managers or the public to interact with the system. The system is configured to maintain a content presentation schedule and coordinate presentation at a Venue based on parameters obtained from remote devices including: the requirements of the Venue, requests from Patrons, programming available for presentation and the availability of resources at the venue (e.g., televisions).

Abstract: A method, system, and device for terahertz spectroscopy to analyze a sample. The device comprises a transmitter, a waveguide, a receiver, and a processor. The transmitter generates electromagnetic (EM) radiation in a terahertz frequency band from about 0.1 terahertz to about 10 terahertz. The waveguide propagates the EM radiation generated from the transmitter and houses the sample to attenuate the EM radiation. The receiver is in communication with the waveguide and generates a signal in response to EM radiation propagating in the waveguide. The processor analyzes the signal to identify a parameter associated with the sample.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a sample property (X) by means of photonic circuit (10). The photonic circuit (10) comprises at least two photonic sensors (11, 12) configured to modulate the light according to respective output signals (S1,S2) with periodically recurring signal values (V1, V2). The photonic sensors (11, 12) comprise a low range sensor (11) with a relatively low range or high sensitivity for measuring a change (?X) of the sample property (X) and a high range sensor (12) with a relatively high range or low sensitivity to measure the change (?X) of the sample property (X). The sample property (X) is calculated by combining the output signals (S1, S2) of the sensors (11, 12). Particularly, the second output signal (S2) of the high range sensor (12) is used to distinguish between recurring signal values (V1) in the first output signal (S1) of the low range sensor (11).

Abstract: A calibration material may be used to calibrate an optical sensor to help ensure that the optical sensor produces accurate measurements. In some examples, the calibration material may be used to calibrate both turbidity measurements made by an optical sensor and fluorometric measurements made by the same optical sensor. The calibration material may be an aqueous mixture that includes water in an amount greater than 70 percent by weight of the composition, inorganic, water-insoluble, light-scattering particles, and a viscosity modifier in an amount effective to maintain the inorganic, water-insoluble, light-scattering particles in suspension in the composition. The composition can be non-fluorescing when exposed to ultraviolet light. In addition, in some applications, the composition is formulated of food safe ingredients, allowing the composition to be used in facilities that process consumable foods and beverages.

Abstract: Embodiments are generally related to differentiating and/or separating portions of a sample that are of interest from the remainder of the sample. Embodiments may be directed towards separating cells of interest from a cell sample. In some embodiments, acoustic impedances of the cells of interest may be modified. For example, the acoustic properties of the cells of interest may be modified by attaching bubbles to the cells of interest. The cell sample may then be subjected to an acoustic wave. The cells of interest may be differentiated and/or separated from the remainder of the sample based on relative displacements and/or volumetric changes experienced by the cells of interest in response thereto. The cells of interest may be separated using a standing wave and sorted into separate channels of a flow cell. Optionally, the cells may be interrogated by a light source and differentiated by signals generated in response thereto.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity.

Abstract: A method of spatially measuring a plurality of nano-scale structures in a sample comprises the steps of: marking the individual structures at different locations with fluorescent markers, coupling the individual structures to individual positioning aids whose positions in the sample are known, exciting the fluorescent markers with excitation light for emission of fluorescence light, wherein an intensity distribution of the excitation light has a local minimum, arranging the local minimum at different positions in a close-up range around the position of respective positioning aid whose dimensions are not larger than the diffraction limit at the wavelength of the excitation light, registering the fluorescence light emitted out of the sample separately for the individual fluorescent markers and for the different positions of the minimum, and determining positions of the individual fluorescent markers in the sample from the intensities of the fluorescence light registered.

Abstract: A method of monitoring for the presence of an oxidizing chemical species in an aqueous or non-polar environment includes steps of exposing a structured compound semiconductor material to the oxidizing chemical species in the environment and detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by the structured compound semiconductor material upon exposure to the oxidizing chemical species. The structured compound semiconductor material is a phytate scaffold material and a metal dopant.

Abstract: An organic compound analyzer is provided which is capable of highly accurately determining a denaturation feature point on which a minute structural change of an organic compound is reflected. The organic compound analyzer includes an actual measured data storage section, an evaluation criterion vector setting section, a score calculation section, and a change feature point determination section. The actual measured data storage section is configured to store in pairs a plurality of actual measured spectra obtained through measurement of a sample containing an organic compound under a plurality of different external stimulus conditions, and external stimulus conditions under which spectra are respectively measured. The evaluation criterion vector setting section is configured to set a loading that indicates weighting to individual wavenumbers at which the spectra are measured.

Abstract: A measurement device includes mechanical support elements (101-104) for supporting a sample well, other mechanical support elements (105-109) for supporting a measurement head (112) suitable for optical measurements, and a control system (111) configured to control the measurement head to carry out at least two optical measurements from at least two different measurement locations inside the sample well, where each measurement location is a center point of a capture range from which radiation is captured in the respective optical measurement. The final measurement result is formed from the results of the at least two optical measurements in accordance with a pre-determined rule. The use of the at least two optical measurements from different measurement locations reduces measurement variation in situations where the sample well (153) contains a piece (158) of sample carrier.

Abstract: Nanoreactors having a metal precursor in a carrier are provided. In some embodiments, upon exposure to heat, the metal precursor forms nanoparticles that can be detected, e.g., by detecting a color change in the nanoreactor and/or by detecting the number and/or size and/or size distribution and/or shape of the nanoparticles. The nanoreactors can be used, in some embodiments, as time-temperature indicators for perishable goods.