Abstract: The present application is directed to radiolabeled imaging agents comprising a radiolabel, and a substrate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising radiolabeled imaging agents, and methods of using the radiolabeled imaging agents. The present application is further directed to methods of preparing the radiolabeled imaging agent. Such imaging agents can used in imaging studies, such as Positron Emitting Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

Abstract: A container includes a first wall and an opposing second wall that extend between a first end and an opposing second end, a first fluid flow path being bounded between the first wall and the second wall. An inlet is formed at the first end and communicates with the first fluid flow path. An outlet is formed at the second end and communicates with the first fluid flow path. The first wall includes a primary wall portion having a first opening extending therethrough in alignment with the first fluid flow path. A secondary wall portion extends over the first opening and is secured to the primary wall portion so as to seal the first opening closed, the secondary wall portion being comprised of a film having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the primary wall portion.

Abstract: A self-sanitizing surface structure configured to selectively refract light, a method of fabricating a self-sanitizing surface configured to selectively refract light, and a method of decontaminating a surface using selectively refracted light. A waveguide including a support layer below a propagating layer is positioned over a substrate as a self-sanitizing layer. In the absence of a contaminant or residue on the waveguide, UV light injected into the propagating layer is constrained within the propagating layer due to total internal reflection. When a residue is present on the self-sanitizing surface structure, light may be selectively refracted at or near the interface with the residue along the side of the waveguide to destroy the residue. The self-sanitizing surface structure may be configured to refract a suitable amount of UV light in response to a particular type of residue or application.

Abstract: The use of plasma to clean or sterilize items can be particularly advantageous for items that cannot be readily washed or cleaned by standard methods. The toxicity and complications generating sufficient plasma makes it hard to use for such purposes. The subject invention addresses the problem by generating a minimal amount of highly reactive plasma to sterilize an item. This is achieved by reducing the amount of space and ambient air around and within the item. In this way, the plasma generated fills only the required volume of the item to be cleaned and the plasm is directed at the object, not directed at or released into non-target areas.

Abstract: Methods of sterilizing microparticles using a porous solid matrix which allows penetration of a sterilizing gas such as EtO to pass through are disclosed. The methods also include preparing a suspension of the sterilized microparticles by reconstituting the porous matrix containing the microparticles.

Abstract: An air purifying operation is performed with a consideration for an influence of a purifying material on a person, and user's comfort and efficiency of the air purifying operation are both achieved. An air purifier includes a casing, an inlet, outlets, blowers, a decontamination unit, air ducts, movable louvers, a horizontal rotation mechanism, an ozone generation mechanism, human detection means, a control unit, or the like. The control unit detects whether or not there is a person in a room by the human detection means. Then, the control unit controls at least one of parameters including an ozone generation amount, a wind direction, an amount, and a speed of blown-out air based on the human detection result. Thus, if there is a person in the room, for example, a human avoiding operation, a human area operation, or the like can be performed. If there is no person, an indoor air purifying operation for uniformly purifying air throughout the room can be performed.

Abstract: An airborne pathogen extraction system that provides for continuous airborne pathogen particle extraction from a specifically targeted area in a room or a specifically targeted area proximate to a user. The pathogenic particles are filtered and/or disinfected before the air is returned proximate to the originating location, or are directed an area away from the user(s). The airborne pathogen extraction systems and methods lower the chances of contagion or infection from airborne pathogens, such as viruses.

Abstract: A dressing composition for use as a skin dressing comprises an elastomeric-adhesive composition, and a zeolite comprising releasably adsorbed nitric oxide. The zeolite may comprise a transition metal cation such as Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag or a mixture thereof as an extra-framework metal cation, preferably Zn. The elastomeric adhesive composition may be a hydro-colloid-adhesive composition comprising, hydrocolloid and elastomer. The dressing composition releases nitric oxide, which may have beneficial effects, when used on wounds or moist skin, with a substantially constant release rate over a long period of time. A dressing including a layer of the dressing composition has a backing layer and may have a release liner removably attached to the skin-contacting surface of the dressing layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymers which can be used as tissue supplements or lubricants in vivo. The inventive polymers can be used as tissue-interpenetrating hydrogel supplements, viscosupplements, tribosupplements, viscoelastics, tissue space fillers, and/or anti-adhesive agents. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inventive polymers and methods of using them including, for example, in the treatment of arthritic and injured synovial joints; in reconstruction or cosmetic procedures, intervertebral disc repair, treatment of vocal cord problems, treatment of urinary incontinence, and prevention of adhesion formation following abdominal or gynecological surgery or malfunction of naturally lubricious mucosal tissue.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating tissue are provided. The compositions may include tissue matrix derived from adipose tissue suitable for injection, small-volume implantation, or use as a soft-tissue regenerative material. Also provided are methods for producing such compositions.

Abstract: Method of the osteoreparative processes' correction and/or bone defect restoration by means of human cell-based products (cell and/or tissue transplants) and the method of its manufacturing. The invention a creates and establishes conditions for osteoreparative processes restoration in destroyed bone tissue by osteoreparation cell sources restoration as the result of use cell technologies and bone tissue engineering methods, e.g. scaffold-guided regeneration, particularly by means of cell transplantation by injection and/or transplantation of original three-dimensional osteoreparative prevascularized graft (3D-OPG). Manufacturing of medical products and preparations of the product based on human cells (cell and/or tissue transplants) is dedicated for impaired osteoreparative processes correction and/or bone defect restoration.

Abstract: A composite material for bone repair based on a decellularized biological tissue matrix material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material for bone repair comprises an organic phase of a microfibrillar decellularized animal tissue matrix material and an inorganic phase of a calcium salt bioceramic or other inorganic bioglass. A preparation process for the composite material for bone repair does not need physical or chemical crosslinking. The composite material for bone repair has a three-dimensional porous network structure, and protein components in the biological tissue matrix material maintain a natural triplex structure. The composite material for bone repair has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and osteogenecity, also has certain mechanical strength and shape memory function, and can be used as a bone filling material or a repair material for large-area bone defect.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides click-crosslinked hydrogels and methods of use.

Abstract: A medical device wherein the device has an outer surface coated with an oleophilic lubricous coating or the device is formed from a mixture including a polymer and an oleophilic compound.

Abstract: A syringe containing a compressible porous matrix, which compressible porous matrix has in it a pharmaceutical in a soluble glass, Methods of producing and using the syringe, and compressible porous matrix inserts for insertion into a syringe barrel are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided to produce optimal fractionations of charged keratins that have superior biomedical activity. Also provided are medical implants coated with these keratin preparations. Further provided are methods of treating blood coagulation in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: A surgical suction device that uses positive pressure gas is shown and described. The surgical suction device includes an air amplifier. The air amplifier includes a structure defining a generally cylindrical cavity having a first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end. The cylindrical cavity is defined by an inner wall of the cavity. The air amplifier includes an annular opening in the inner wall near the first end. The annular opening defines a jet opening adapted to allow a pressurized gas to flow out of the annular opening such that a low pressure region is produced at the first end and an amplified flow is produced at the second end. The annular opening is further configured such that the pressurized gas enters the cavity at an angle with respect to the inner wall of the cavity that is towards the second end.

Abstract: A breast shield for a breast pump for pumping human breast milk, comprising a rigid base part having a tubular connecting piece and a funnel that is integrally formed therewith and that expands away from the connecting piece for accommodating a mother's breast. The breast shield includes a flexible collar, which is arranged on the funnel at the end of the funnel facing away from the connection piece, and which is designed to be placed on the mother's breast. The end of the funnel forms a first contact surface, and an end of the collar facing the funnel forms a second contact surface (22), which in a circumferential connecting seam adjoin each other in a blunt way. The funnel has a first wall thickness and the collar has a second wall thickness, wherein said second wall thickness is approximately equal to the first wall thickness. The breast shield can be produced simply and inexpensively, nevertheless allowing a high degree of wearing comfort and a tight fit on the mother's breast.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for replenishing urease in a sorbent cartridge for use in sorbent dialysis. The system is configured to allow insertion of a urease pouch, injection of a urease solution, or addition of a urease cartridge, into a dialysis cabinet containing a dialysis flow loop. The urease can be dissolved and the resulting urease solution added to the sorbent cartridge in the flow loop to replenish the urease within the sorbent cartridge. The sorbent cartridge can also comprise other, rechargeable, sorbent materials for removing toxins other than urea from spent dialysate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for a hemodiafiltration delivery module that is used in conjunction with a UF controlled dialysis machine to enable hemodiafiltration therapy to be performed. The advantage is that one can fully utilize a current functioning dialysis machine to perform a hemodiafiltration therapy as opposed to purchasing a completely new machine that offers this capability.

Abstract: Described here are devices, systems, and methods for forming a fistula between two blood vessels. Generally, the systems may comprise a first catheter and a second catheter, which may comprise one or more fistula-forming elements. The first and second catheters may comprise one or more magnetic elements, which may be used to assist in bringing the first and catheters in closer proximity to facilitate fistula formation. In some variations, the magnetic elements may have magnetization patterns such that the flux generated by the magnetic elements is locally concentrated. In some instances, the system may comprise a magnetic control device, which may comprise a magnet, and may be used to increase or create an attractive force between the first and second catheters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for separating a cellular component from a multicomponent fluid. The device can comprise a body, a first acoustic wave generator, and a second acoustic wave propagating component. The body can define a channel having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The channel can extend along a longitudinal axis from a first end to a second end. The first acoustic wave generator can be coupled to the first surface. The first acoustic wave generator can be configured to generate an acoustic wave having a wavelength. The second acoustic wave propagating component can be coupled to the second surface. The second surface can be spaced an integer fractional multiple of the wavelength from the first surface and each integer factional multiple equals a number of pressure nodes within the channel.

Abstract: A cold and heat exchange system for a cardiac surgical operation with cardiac arrest, comprising: an ice water tank (15), a primary circulation water tank (11), and a secondary circulation water tank (16). Side walls of the primary circulation water tank (11) and the secondary circulation water tank (16) are each provided with an overflow orifice which is connected to the ice water tank (15) through a circulation pipe (14). A first roller pump (12) is mounted on a first hose (13). A second roller pump (18) is mounted on a second hose (17). The primary circulation water tank (11) is mounted on a first loop (5) and a second loop (6). The secondary circulation water tank (16) is mounted on a third loop (1).

Abstract: A continuous flow centrifuge bowl includes a rotatable outer body, and a top and bottom core that are rotatable with the outer body. The bottom core has a wall extending proximally from a bottom wall. The proximally extending wall is radially outward from at least a portion of the top core and, together with the top core, defines a primary separation region in which initial separation of the whole blood occurs. The bowl may also have a secondary separation region located between the top core and the outer body, and a rotary seal that couples an inlet port and two outlet ports to the outer body. The inlet port may be connected to an inlet tube that extends distally into a whole blood introduction region. Additionally, one of the outlet ports may be connected to an extraction tube that extends into a region below the bottom core.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is an encased syringe in which a prefilled syringe is accommodated in a case. The prefilled syringe includes a cylindrical syringe body filled with a foamable material and a plunger pressed into the syringe body on one end side. The case includes a body accommodating part faulted to be depressed along the shape of the syringe body to accommodate the syringe body and a plunger accommodating part formed to be depressed along the shape of the plunger to accommodate the plunger. The length of the plunger accommodating part is smaller than the length of the plunger in an axial direction of the prefilled syringe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a connection interface between a reservoir or syringe, infusion set tubing, and an infusion pump is provided. The reservoir, a base and a cap are connected to form an integrated unit that is capable of being inserted and secured in an infusion pump housing. The cap and the infusion pump are each provided with at least one sensor or at least one detectable feature, arranged to interact with at least one corresponding detectable feature or sensor on the other of the cap and infusion pump device, to detect one or more of the presence, position or other characteristic of the cap when the cap is aligned or coupled with the infusion pump housing. The detectable feature and sensor may be magnetic, RF, mechanical, optical or any combination.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling infusion of liquid into a patient using a peristaltic pump. The liquid infusion apparatus includes a liquid conduit having a proximal segment, a distal segment and an intermediate segment. The liquid infusion apparatus also includes a flow valve in fluid communication with the intermediate and distal segments. The flow valve includes a shuttle member slidably disposed within a housing about the distal segment, the shuttle member being configured for lateral movement relative to an elongated axis of the distal segment. The shuttle member is configured to operate in a first configuration to impede fluid flow through the liquid conduit and in a second configuration for which fluid flow through the liquid conduit is unimpeded. The shuttle member includes a resilient grasper for selectively engaging and disengaging a mating actuator resiliently received by the grasper.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a portable apparatus for dispensing a liquid under pressure at a substantially constant flow rate over a period of time. The apparatus includes an inflatable, internal bladder constructed of a compliant, elastomeric material and an external housing surrounding the internal bladder. Further, the external housing is constructed of a non-compliant, elastomeric material. Thus, during operation, the external housing shapes the internal bladder as the internal bladder is being filled with a treatment fluid and collapses as the treatment fluid is emptied from the internal bladder.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a cannula that is provided for delivering a substance, such as a medicine (e.g., insulin) to a patient, where the cannula has reduced likelihood of kinking or occlusions when implanted in a patient. The cannula may have a reduced number of stress concentrations along its length, an angled tip and/or a curve in its length. The cannula may include other designs to reduce kinking, such as internal ribbing and/or a slit along its wall.

Abstract: An infusion base for attachment to a user of an infusion set comprises an adapter having a lower portion, an inner wall portion, and a gap between the lower portion and the inner wall portion. At least one of the lower portion and the inner wall portion is configured to receive an attachment.

Abstract: An intravenous drip real-time monitoring system is disclosed herein. The system includes a weight sensor, a processor and a cloud server. The weight sensor is configured to detect weight values. The processor is electrically connected to the weight sensor, is configured to calculate the weight values and when the weight values is not larger than a drip threshold, sending an alert information. The cloud server is communication connected to the processor, is configured to receive the weight values via the processor, and compare the weight values and drip setting information to calculate drip remaining time.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein may relate to methods and systems for adjusting insulin delivery. Some methods and systems may be configured to adjust insulin delivery to personalize automated insulin delivery for a person with diabetes. Such personalization may include adjusting user specific dosage parameters in response to a user provided insulin delivery amount, including a user provided insulin delivery amount that varies from a recommended insulin delivery amount.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating a continuous glucose sensor, including a receiver, a medicament delivery device, a controller module, and optionally a single point glucose monitor are provided. Integration may be manual, semi-automated and/or fully automated.

Abstract: An automatic administration instrument includes a syringe and a partition wall in the syringe which partitions the syringe into different rooms for respectively holding plural kinds of drug solutions or a drug and a drug solution. A partition-wall driver displaces the partition wall and an injection needle is connected to the syringe. A body cap attached to the administration instrument body so as to cover the injection needle. The syringe, the partition wall, and the body cap are configured such that displacing the partition wall dissolves or mixes the drug solutions or the drug and the drug solution in a state that the injection needle is covered by the body cap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to injectors, such as pen-type injectors, that provide for administration of medicinal products from a multidose-cartridge and permit a user to set the delivery dose. The injector may include a housing, a piston rod adapted to operate through the housing, a dose dial sleeve located between the housing and the piston rod, and a drive sleeve located between the dose dial sleeve and the piston rod. The dose dial sleeve may have a helical thread of first lead and the drive sleeve may have a helical groove of second lead. The first lead of the helical thread and the second lead of the helical groove may be the same.

Abstract: A needleless syringe for injecting an injection objective substance into an injection target area of a living body is provided. The syringe includes an enclosing unit enclosing the injection objective substance, and an ignition device including an ignition charge and flowing an ignition current so that the ignition charge is combusted. The syringe also includes a pressurizing unit pressurizing the injection objective substance, and a flow passage unit defining a flow passage so that the pressurized injection objective substance is allowed to inject to the injection target area. The pressurizing unit raises a pressure applied to the injection objective substance to a peak pressure for the injection objective substance to penetrate through a surface of the injection target area and then lowers the pressure applied to the injection objective substance to a waiting pressure within 2 msec after the ignition current was allowed to flow to the ignition device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for gripping a syringe utilizes four gripping members advanceable in different corresponding directions toward a predetermined axis to supportably engage a barrel of a syringe at corresponding circumferentially offset locations. A first motor may be utilized for co-driven advancement of the gripping members in tandem in the different corresponding directions toward the predetermined axis, and for retraction of the gripping members. The gripping members may include corresponding rollers, wherein a single one of the rollers may be rotated in an automated manner during supportive engagement of a syringe by the gripping members. A second motor may be utilized for driven rotation of the single roller. The disclosed embodiments may be utilized for supportive engagement of syringes having a range of syringe diameters.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring the dose remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a plurality of light sources which are disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the container. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the plurality of light sources and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light sources. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A medication injection pen, comprising a housing, a dose set knob that rotates with respect to the housing during dose setting and dose correcting, and a driver selectively engaged with the dose set knob, the driver rotatably fixed with respect to the housing during dose setting and dose correcting, wherein the driver moves axially with the dose set knob during dose setting and dose correcting, and the driver rotates with the dose set knob during an injection.

Abstract: In one aspect, a safety pen needle assembly includes a hub having an open proximal end, a needle fixed to said hub, said needle having a distal end for insertion into a patient, and a proximal end extending into said open proximal end of said hub, a shield having a distal opening and an internal thread that is engaged to said hub so as to be manually movable relative to said hub to selectively expose said distal end of said needle via proximal movement of said shield and cover said distal end of said needle via distal movement of said shield, said shield having an open distal end, and a cap that seals the distal opening of the shield.

Abstract: A pen needle assembly (10) includes a pen needle (12) with a hub body (16) having a needle shield (28) that covers a needle (26) and can be retracted to expose the needle during injection and return to the extended position after use and locked in the extended position. A spring (56) is provided to rotate the needle shield after use to a locked position. A locking member (84) can be provided on the needle shield that cooperates with the hub body (16) to prevent rotation after use. An attachment mechanism (38) for the pen needle provides a sensory indication when a needle-bearing hub body (16) is seated on a pen and limits further rotation of the pen needle relative to the delivery device.

Abstract: An intradermal injection needle is an intradermal injection needle assembly to be used by piercing the intradermal injection needle into the skin of a living body. The intradermal injection needle has a hollow needle having a blade edge pierceable into the skin and a discharge port of an administration product; and a hub holding the hollow needle. The hollow needle has an outer diameter of 0.15 to 0.20 mm. The discharge port has a length of 0.10 to 0.80 mm in an axial direction of the hollow needle. When the intradermal injection needle is pierced into the skin of the living body, the discharge port thereof is entirely subcutaneously pierceable within a range of 0.20 to 1.00 mm.

Abstract: An insertion mechanism having a vented fluid pathway includes an insertion biasing member 210, a hub 212, a needle 214, a retraction biasing member 216, and a manifold 240 having a septum 230 and a cannula 234, wherein the annular space between the septum 230 and the cannula 234 defines a manifold header 242. The manifold and fluid conduit are ventable through the membrane prior to or just after needle 214 and cannula 234 are inserted into the user. Such insertion is caused by the insertion biasing member(s) 210, after which only the needle 214 or another occlusion element is retracted. Such retraction may open a fluid pathway from the manifold header 242 to the body through the cannula 234 and/or needle 214. A drug delivery pump 10 includes such an insertion mechanism 200 having a vented fluid pathway. The drug delivery pump 10 may contain the insertion mechanism 200 having a vented fluid pathway in either an internally i or an externally tethered configuration.

Abstract: A method of purifying at least one of THC and CBD from a cannabis-containing composition includes heating the cannabis-containing composition to a temperature sufficient to volatilize at least one of THC and CBD into a vapor and condensing the vapor on a substrate. A drug delivery cartridge can include a substrate coated with at least one of THC and CBD and configured to allow for passage of air through the cartridge to volatilize at least one of THC and CBD for inhalation by a user to induce a medicinal or therapeutic effect to the user. A drug delivery system can be used with the drug delivery cartridge and can include a heating element to volatilize at least one of THC and CBD from the coated substrate into a vapor for inhalation.

Abstract: A housing for an inhalation device and an inhalation device. The inhalation device includes a container unit having a medium container and an outlet stub. The outlet stub is displaceable relative to the medium container for a delivery operation. The housing includes a main housing having a first end forming a mouthpiece, a second end angled in an L-shaped manner with respect to the first end and forming an air inlet, and an attachment piece. The attachment piece has a duct with an attachment opening receiving the outlet stub of the container unit, a nozzle opening, and a pressure chamber arranged between the attachment opening and the nozzle opening. The housing also includes a sensing device for recording a delivery operation, and a diaphragm reversibly deformable depending on a pressure in the pressure chamber. The diaphragm cooperates with the sensing device for actuation thereof.

Abstract: A method of acclimatizing a user to provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, including operating a device for treating sleep disordered breathing (SDB) during successive treatment sessions, wherein the device provides continuous positive airway pressure during sleep, includes determining a clinically-derived full therapeutic pressure, applying a sub-therapeutic treatment pressure for the duration of a first session, obtaining responses to a series of pre-programmed patient and/or bed partner feedback questions before the start of a second session, and, based on the responses, either incrementally increasing the treatment pressure for the second session if the responses indicate that the patient is adjusting to therapy, or maintaining the treatment pressure for the second session if the responses do not indicate that the patient is adjusting to therapy.

Abstract: A fluid supply warning and communication system including fluid tight engagements being made with tubing having at least one connector end chosen from a universal connector, a twist-on nipple, and a v-shaped end. A gas supply warning and communication system including a first upstream gas path, a second upstream gas path, and a downstream gas path made with tubing having at least one connector end chosen from a universal connector, a twist-on nipple, and a v-shaped end. A method of increasing humidity in a downstream gas path in the gas supply warning and communication system by flowing gas through a downstream gas path tubing that increases humidity to an end use appliance.

Abstract: A medical measuring device (2), as well as to a ventilator (1), as well as to a method for operating a medical measuring device (2) or a ventilator are provided. The medical measuring device (1) includes a sensor system (14) and measuring, signal processing and calculating device (21), to detect an inspiratory measured variable, which represents an indicator for the transport of breathing gases into the lungs of a patient (80), and an expiratory measured variable, which represents an indicator for the transport of breathing gases out of the lungs of a patient (80), and to determine an indicator for a ventilation-related shifting of secretion from the expiratory measured variable and the inspiratory measured variable.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a pressure support system (10) configured to deliver a pressurized flow of breathable gas to the airway of a subject (12), the pressure support system comprising: a pressure generator (14) configured to generate the pressurized flow of breathable gas; one or more sensors (18) configured to generate output signals conveying information related to whether the subject is ready to receive breath stacking therapy; and one or more processors (20) configured to execute computer program modules, the computer program modules comprising: —a control module (52) configured to control the pressure generator to generate the pressurized flow of breathable gas according to a pressure control therapy regime, —an event module (54) configured to determine breath stacking events responsive to the output signals indicating that the subject is ready to receive breath stacking therapy, and —a breath stacking module (56) configured to, responsive to the determination of a breath stacking event, con

Abstract: A medical device determines operating situations and a method determines operating situations in a medical device. Based on pressure measured values (99) and flow measured values (97), it is determined whether an elevation of an airway pressure (105) in a medical device is due to a cough event (113) or to a plurality of cough events (117), which indicate an accumulation of secretion. An outputting (41, 42, 44) of a warning (44) or alarm (41, 42) is provided indicating the accumulation of secretion.