Abstract: The methods and systems described herein can be used for generating a graphical representation, such as a heatmap, for displaying and visualizing a given metric associated with one or more distributed resources in a distributed environment. A heatmap generally refers to a graphical display of data in which values are located in a matrix and indicated by the intensity of a color, hue, shading or some other gradient, or by geometric shape or other format. Heatmaps provide a way of visualizing metrics of a large number of resources easily for capacity management, among other uses. Generally, and as set forth in greater detail, the disclosed subject matter provided herein includes methods and systems for collecting, processing, and visualizing operational data of distributed resources via a heatmap by a monitoring system in a distributed environment.

Abstract: Method, management node and processing node are disclosed for continuous availability in a cloud environment. According to an embodiment, the cloud environment comprises a plurality of layers and each layer includes at least two processing nodes. Each processing node in a layer can pull job(s) from the processing nodes in the upper layer if any and prepare job(s) for the processing nodes in the under layer if any. A method implemented at a management node comprises receiving measurement reports from the plurality of layers. The measurement report of each processing node comprises information about job(s) pulled from the upper layer if any and job(s) pulled by the under layer if any. The method further comprises determining information about failure in the cloud environment based on the measurement reports.

Abstract: A data collection device can determine that a connection is unavailable between the data collection device and a data processing platform. The data collection device can obtain, after the connection is unavailable, a plurality of readings. The data collection device can determine, based on determining that the connection is unavailable, to discard one or more readings from the plurality of readings to form a set of readings. The data collection device can store, based on determining that the connection is unavailable, the set of readings without storing the one or more readings. The data collection device can determine, after storing the set of readings, that the connection is available. The data collection device can transmit, based on determining that the connection is available, the set of readings to the data processing platform.

Abstract: Some implementations of the disclosure are directed to an interconnect including: a plurality of ports; a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium have instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, cause the interconnect device to: track a link state of a first port of the plurality of ports, where tracking the link state of the first port comprises tracking when a physical link of the first port transitions between a linked state and an unlinked state; determine, using at least the tracking of when the physical link of the first port transitions between the linked state and the unlinked state, that the first port is in an unstable link state; and when the first port is in an unstable link state, transmitting a message to an interconnect management device, the message including an indication that the first port is in an unstable link state.

Abstract: A network element includes a plurality of ports interconnected by a switching fabric, wherein a port includes a plurality of connections including an infrastructure connection that operates a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) session and a group of connections that share a similar fate for a fault as the infrastructure connection; and a controller configured to detect a fault on the infrastructure connection via the BFD session, and cause a protection switch for one or more of the group of connections based on the fault on the infrastructure connection. The infrastructure connection and the group of connections can be Pseudowires (PWE) or Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for diagnosing workload performance problems in computer servers includes measuring resource metrics. The method further includes aggregating resource metrics for each consumed resource, and aggregating resource and non-resource activity metrics for each consumer. The method further includes generating condensed diagnostic data, on a synchronized, regular interval with one or more most significant consumed resource names and corresponding consumed resource metrics. Generating the condensed diagnostic data includes grouping consumers into buckets based on bucket and consumer attributes, aggregating resource and non-resource consumer activity metrics across all consumers in each bucket, and including one or more worst offending consumer names with corresponding resource and non-resource consumer activity metrics in each bucket. The condensed diagnostic data with the most significant consumed resources and bucket contents is recorded.

Abstract: A remote server monitors a network of computing devices through hierarchical composite indicators by obtaining telemetry data from a computing device in a network of computing devices. The telemetry data includes performance attributes of the computing device. The server generates a composite indicator associated with the computing device based on a combination of at least two performance attributes of the computing device. The server monitors the composite indicator and, responsive to a determination that the composite indicator meets an alert threshold, generates an alert associated with the computing device. Additionally, the server can monitor the health of the network of computing devices based on composite indicators from multiple computing devices in the network.

Abstract: A method receives error measurements from network elements. Groups of network elements are generated based on similarity of error measurements and a bitloading profile for each of the groups of network elements is generated based on the error measurements for each respective group. Each bitloading profile includes a modulation level determined to be sufficient for transporting content to respective groups of network elements. The method then assigns a set of bitloading profiles to each network element based on the groups of network elements and the bitloading profile generated for each of the groups. The bitloading profile for each of the groups of network elements and the assigned set of bitloading profiles are output to a network device. The network device uses the bitloading profiles to modulate content sent to respective customer premise equipment.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed that generate dynamic latency values. An example apparatus includes an active status controller to determine that a modem is active based on a number of packets obtained from a network, a prediction controller to predict that the number of packets are indicative of a workload type based on a trained model, and a latency value generator to generate a latency value based on the workload type of the number of packets, the latency value to cause a processor processing the number of packets to enter a power saving state or a power executing state.

Abstract: Novel tools and techniques are provided for implementing firewall functionalities, and, more particularly, to methods, systems, and apparatuses for implementing high availability (“HA”) web application firewall (“WAF”) functionalities. In various embodiments, a first computing system might monitor network communications between a client and a server providing access to software applications, and might determine whether latency has been introduced as a result of at least one first WAF container having been launched and whether any introduced latency exceeds a predetermined threshold, each first WAF container being tuned to a corresponding software application and protecting the software application from network attacks. Based on a determination that latency has been introduced and based on a determination that the introduced latency exceeds the predetermined threshold, one or more second WAF containers may be launched, each being tuned to the corresponding software application.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for the dynamic monitoring of network health characteristics via a visualization platform. The platform receives collected information regarding network health characteristics and applies a rule set defining at least one threshold to classify each of the network health characteristics for each network component over a time period. The classifications can be represented visually on a graphical user interface to a network administrator, allowing the administrator to quickly discern which aspects of the network are operating properly and which aspects are not.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing clustered health checks are described herein. The systems and methods enable a user to select one or more selectable links to group together. The selectable links are associated with computing resources used by an application. Once selected, a parallel executor server receives the links and issues a health check command code to the computing resources associated with the group. The computing resources can be grouped together based on various reasons. The selectable links can be rendered in a graphical user interface of a health check application or an Internet browser.

Abstract: A method and system for providing communication analysus of user equipment based on network analysis is disclosed. The method provides communication analysis of UE in a form as communication statistics or communication prediction by analyzing a network data collected form the NF device.

Abstract: A master test system may comprise cable modem termination systems, resource servers, provisioning/Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servers, call management system (CMS) servers, Data over Cable Service Interface Specification/Wide Area Network (DOCSIS/WAN) servers, test controller servers, etc. Servers on the master test system may facilitate tests of devices under test (DUTs) coupled to the master test system. Servers on the master test system and/or slave test systems may facilitate tests of DUTs coupled to slave test systems that are coupled to the master test system. The slave test system(s) may comprise resource servers and test controller servers. In various implementations, the servers on the slave test system(s) may facilitate tests of DUTs coupled to the slave test system(s).

Abstract: A traffic controller device for distributing or otherwise controlling the distribution of routing information may be included in a telecommunications network. The traffic controller may receive routing tables from a plurality of network devices, such as one or more provider edge devices of the network. The traffic controller, upon receiving the routing information from the provider edge devices, may generate a routing table associated with each device providing the routing information. The traffic controller may also provide updates to one or more of the networking devices associated with the controller. The traffic controller may alter or update, at the traffic controller, the routing table associated with the target provider edge device based on the network policy. The routing information in the routing table for that device and maintained by the traffic controller may be updated with a new route or new local preferred parameter value.

Abstract: A programmable network technology-based multi-homed network routing and forwarding method includes a data packet performing address-to-port matching a forwarding flow table address matching method; classifying addresses to matched ports corresponding to a destination address group; selecting a link information table and a port selection function, an appropriate port and a corresponding destination address group; cropping destination address groups of the remaining ports using an address filtering function and previous hop information carried in data to further crop the remaining destination address groups and addresses in the destination address group, a single destination address can be determined using a single address selection method, taking the single destination address using a universal routing and forwarding method to forward a packet to the destination address; otherwise, packaging the destination address group, and using a single address selection method to determine the single destination address h

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to the distribution of routes in a telecommunications network. A networking device may receive a plurality of routing information from the plurality of edge devices of a telecommunications network, each of the plurality of routing information comprising a local preferred route for a corresponding edge device. The networking device may generate a plurality of routing tables, each of the plurality of routing tables associated with a corresponding edge device of the plurality of edge devices and comprising the local preferred route for the corresponding edge device. The networking device may update the local preferred route of a first routing table of the plurality of routing tables with the local preferred route of a second routing table of the plurality of routing tables.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for using strict path forwarding. For example, one method involves receiving an advertisement at a node. The advertisement includes a segment identifier (SID). In response to receiving the advertisement, the node determines whether the SID is a strict SID or not. If the SID is a strict SID, the node generates information, such as forwarding information that indicates how to forward packets along a strict shortest path corresponding to the strict SID.

Abstract: A path establishment method and a controller are disclosed. The method includes: when detecting a path establishment request for establishing P2MP TE, computing a P2MP TE path by using head node information and tail node information included in the path establishment request; identifying a target branch node in the P2MP TE path, and obtaining a label of the target branch node; and when a third node corresponding to the head node information and the target branch node are not a same node, sending first information to the third node, and sending second information to the target branch node, where the second information is used to instruct the target branch node to generate a multicast forwarding entry. Embodiments of this application can reduce complexity of establishing the P2MP TE path.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method and device for interworking between service function chain (i.e., service chain) domains In some embodiments, there is provided a communication method comprising: receiving, at a first logic node of a first service chain in a first domain, a first packet associated with a second service chain in a second domain; converting the first packet into a second packet comprising first interworking information between the first service chain and the second service chain, the first interworking information comprising a flag indicating that the second packet is an interworking packet, an address of the first logic node, a first flow identifier of the second packet, a first service path identifier of the second packet and metadata associated with the second service chain; transmitting the second packet to a second logic node in the second domain; and receiving from the second logic node a response to the metadata.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies disclosed herein are directed to deadlock-free traffic rerouting in software-defined networking (“SDN”) networks. According to one aspect of the concepts and technologies disclosed herein, a centralized SDN controller can determine that a packet flow along a path within at least a portion of a network is to be rerouted from the path to a new path. The centralized SDN controller can initiate a reroute of the packet flow to the new path. The centralized SDN controller can request a bandwidth for the new path. The bandwidth can be determined such that bandwidth oversubscription on the new path is avoided. In response to the packet flow settling on the new path, the centralized SDN controller can adjust a requested bandwidth of the packet flow to a desired value to complete the reroute of the packet flow from the path to the new path.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and devices (e.g., routers) for performing segment routing over a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network. A method can include a router of the MPLS network receiving a packet, and the router modifying the packet by adding a segment routing header (SRH) type MPLS extension header. The SRH type MPLS extension header includes one or more segment identifiers (SIDs) that collectively provide a SID list for use in segment routing. The method further comprises the router copying one of the one or more SIDs in the SRH type MPLS extension header to a top of an MPLS label stack, and the router forwarding the packet as modified to another router of the MPLS network based on the one of the one or more SIDs included in a label stack entry at the top of the MPLS label stack.

Abstract: A device may include a first interface and a second interface. The device may also include memory containing a set of rules and representations of pre-defined violations thereof. The device may also include digital logic programmed to: (i) receive, by way of the first interface, an Ethernet frame containing Ethernet header fields and an Ethernet payload, wherein the Ethernet payload contains a payload; (ii) extract data from the Ethernet header fields, wherein the data defines a transaction that is functionally equivalent to a further transaction that is defined by the payload; (iii) apply the set of rules to the transaction, wherein doing so involves comparing fields in the data to values and concluding that the transaction does not contain any pre-defined violations; and (iv) modify the Ethernet frame to contain content based on the payload, and transmit the Ethernet frame out the second interface.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus receives or generates a base address seed, and generates data-channel access addresses from the seed. Each access address corresponds to a respective data-channel identifier, and is generated by setting a bit at a common first bit position to the value of a bit at a first common predetermined bit position in the base address seed or in the respective data-channel identifier; by setting a bit at a common second bit position to the bitwise complement of this value; and by setting one or more remaining bit positions in dependence on values at one or more bit positions in the base address seed and one or more bit positions in the respective data-channel identifier that are not the first common predetermined bit position. The apparatus can send or receive a radio data packet comprising an access address from the generated set.

Abstract: A packet sending method is applied to a data transmission system and comprising: receiving, by a network interface card of a second device, a first packet that is from a first QP of a first device and that is forwarded by using a switch; obtaining, by the network interface card of the second device, an instant rate of the first QP and a maximum sending rate of the first QP; determining, by the network interface card of the second device, an adjustment rate of the first QP based on the instant rate of the first QP and the maximum sending rate of the first QP; sending, by the network interface card of the second device, a congestion notification packet to the first device, where the congestion notification packet carries the adjustment rate of the first QP.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a load balancing system. A load balancing system is configured to receive health monitoring metrics, at a controller, from a plurality of leaf switches. The load balancing system is further configured to determine, based on the health monitoring metrics, that a server has failed and modify a load balancing configuration for the network fabric. The load balancing system is further configured to transmit the load balancing configuration to each leaf switch in the network fabric and update the tables in each leaf switch to reflect an available server.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for implementing load sharing. The method includes: for a congested first link on a first forwarding node, selecting, by a network device, a packet flow forwarded by using the first link; selecting a second link that may be used to forward the packet flow and that is not congested after available bandwidth of the second link is occupied by the packet flow, where the second link is a link between the first forwarding node and a second forwarding node; selecting a first hash gene corresponding to the second link; determining that a third link is not in a congested state after available bandwidth of the third link is occupied by the packet flow; and saving the first hash gene in a source node of the packet flow, where the third link is a link that is on the second forwarding node.

Abstract: A disclosed gateway system comprises a classification component configured to classify a stream of data packets received by the gateway system into a plurality of groups, each of the groups associated with a respective communication port of a payload system, and a frame constructor configured to construct for each of the groups of classified data packets payload-frames comprising data of the classified data packets and target information indicative of at least the respective communication port associated with the classified data packets. The classification component can be configured to classify the received stream of data packets based on destination tags embedded in said the packets.

Abstract: A priority-based data transmission method and a system thereof are provided. The priority-based data transmission method performs attribute classification on multiple sets of data stored in an electronic device to obtain multiple corresponding weight values, and calculates the multiple weight values to obtain a priority value. The electronic device broadcasts a priority value thereof at a fixed time, and at the same time receives priority values broadcasted by other electronic devices. Each electronic device establishes a priority sequence according to all of the priority values, and transmits data according to the priority sequence, thereby effectively avoid network congestion and alleviating the load of a server.

Abstract: A recording medium recording a packet classification program for causing a computer to perform processing includes: storing, by every one of a plurality of threads, in a case where input packets include identification information of terminals identification information of sessions used for transmitting the input packets, in association with classification categories associated with the terminals and time information in the input packets; specifying, by every one of a plurality of classification threads that performs classification processing of the input packets, in a case where a target packet of the classification processing does not include identification information of a terminal that processes the target packet, classification categories associated with identification information of a session used for transmitting the target packet and a time equal to or earlier than time Information in the target packet; and classifying the target packet into a classification category associated with a relatively later

Abstract: The invention sets out a method where a critical loading related to jitter associated with a link between the access point and a client device is determined. This critical load is the load beyond which retransmissions are insufficient for the client device to repair the video stream. The critical load is determined by sending data at varying transmission rates during a calibration mode, and measuring the jitter and packet loss rate. A safe load is then set as a fraction of this critical load. The loading associated with a multicast stream is then monitored with reference to this safe load, and if the safe load is met or exceeded, then action is taken to avoid packet loss increasing to a critical level. One action may be to adjust the transmission rate of the multicast stream for example, such that the load is reduced to below the safe load level.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to embodiments of systems and methods for performing compression of data in a queue. A device intermediary between a client and a server may determine that a length of time to move existing data maintained in a queue from the queue exceeds a predefined threshold. The device may identify, responsive to the determination, a first quantity of the existing data to undergo compression, and a second quantity of the existing data according to a compression ratio of the compression. The device may reserve, according to the second quantity, a first portion of the queue that maintained the first quantity of the existing data, to place compressed data obtained from applying the compression on the first quantity of the existing. The device may place incoming data into the queue beyond the reserved first portion of the queue.

Abstract: A parallel multicast star topology data network includes a plurality of input buffers, a first arbitration mechanism coupled to the plurality of input buffers, a plurality of output buffers coupled to the first arbitration mechanism and a plurality of interconnect exits coupled to the plurality of output buffers. When packet contents of a multicast message are ready for release from the first arbitration mechanism then all of the packet contents are substantially simultaneously released to the plurality of output buffers and then substantially simultaneously to the plurality of interconnect exits.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a container-based mobile code offloading support system in a cloud environment and the offloading method thereof, comprising a front-end processing layer, a runtime layer and a back-end resource layer. The front-end processing layer is responsible for responding to an arrived request and managing a status of a container, which is realized by a request distribution module, a code caching module and a monitoring and scheduling module; the runtime layer provides the same execution environment as that of a terminal, which is realized by a runtime module consisted of a plurality of mobile cloud containers; and the back-end resource layer solves incompatibility of a cloud platform with an mobile terminal environment and provides underlying resource support for a runtime, which is realized by a resource sharing module and an extended kernel module within a host operating system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for releasing a reserved resource in a network. An operation method performed in a first communication node of a vehicle network includes generating a first frame including identification information of a stream transmitted through a reserved resource and a first indicator instructing to release the reserved resource; and transmitting the first frame to a second communication node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for self-referencing utilization calculation and dynamic resource allocation for digital transmissions are provided. Systems may include a target resource module configured to derive and store a target resource allocation for each sender from a plurality of senders. Systems may include a cost-calculation engine configured to generate a resource cost estimate for a transmission based on metadata associated with the transmission, and embed the resource cost estimate in the metadata. Systems may also include a resource allocation module configured to allocate digital resources for the transmission based on the metadata. Allocating digital resources for the transmission may reserve the digital resources for the transmission and prevent overloading of the digital resources.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for dynamically updating the connection pool for a web server without any interruption to the resource. In particular, in one or more embodiments, the disclosed systems can continuously monitor load data for various web servers. Further, the disclosed systems can utilize load data, historical load data, and/or user settings to predict a number of connections over a future time period and can determine an updated connection pool size for a web server based on that predicted number of connections. The disclosed systems can also dynamically modify the connection pool size for the web server based on the updated connection pool size without interrupting the resource or any of its ongoing connections in any way.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a request from a client device to establish a first computing session for a first resource hosted on a virtual machine (VM). The method includes generating a session transfer key for accessing a second resource provided by a second resource provider. The method includes issuing instructions, to the VM that hosts the first resource, for establishing a second computing session to host the second resource, wherein the instructions include a mapping of the session transfer key to a session identifier. The method includes providing the instructions to the client device to establish the second computing session for the second resource without input for the second resource from the user of the client device. The establishment of the second computing session being between the VM and the second resource provider and based on the mapping of the session transfer key to the session identifier.

Abstract: A method for sharing computer device resources includes establishing a sharing domain and storing information of user terminals joined to the sharing domain. Information of shareable resources in the sharing domain is obtained. Requests for allocation of computer device resources such as data storage and data traffic per period may be sent out by a user terminal, and allocations of resources for sharing may be made according to one or more predetermined rules.

Abstract: Sending network data. A method includes transmitting data on a communication link, in an environment. A network control overhead portion of the data is allocated to network control overhead data packets for controlling how data is transmitted on the communication link. A user data portion of the data is allocated to user data packets for transmitting data between users of nodes on the communication link. A change in data capacity of the communication link is identified. As a result, a change is made in the network control overhead portion of the data, changing at least one of frequency of network control overhead data packets or size of network control overhead data packets to attempt to maintain a predetermined proportion factor for the network control overhead portion as compared to the user data portion. The network control overhead portion of the data is transmitted according to the change.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to enhancing communication of network traffic. In various embodiments, a computer system receives topology information and traffic information. The topology information describes resources of a network that are usable to communicate a plurality of streams among nodes in the network and includes information about a first path and a second path connecting two nodes. Traffic information describes demands for communicating the plurality of streams and indicates demands for communicating a first stream and a second stream between the two nodes. In such an embodiment, the computer system determines, using the topology information and the traffic information, a network schedule that indicates that the first stream is to be communicated over the first path and that the second stream is to be communicated over the second path.

Abstract: Dynamic packet routing based on fabric awareness information is presented. Networking nodes in a networking fabric observe environmental properties across the fabric. When differences in environment properties between portions of the fabric are detected, differences in power consumption costs for example, the fabric generates corresponding routing tables. The networking nodes can then route traffic in a manner that is sensitive to the environment properties, power consumption or the cost of power for example.

Abstract: Multi-tenant optimized serverless placement using network interface card and commodity storage may be provided. A first request to execute a first function may be received. Next, it may be determined to execute the first function at a first network interface card. The first network interface card may include a plurality of processors. Then, a container may be created at the first network interface card. The container may have at least one processor of the plurality of processors. The first function may be executed at the container.

Abstract: A packet processing system and method for enabling real-time packet processing while preventing an unnecessary delay increase are provided. A terminal 10-1 and a terminal 10-2 that transmit different types of packets in real time, a communication device 30 that processes packets transmitted by the terminal 10-1, and a packet processing device 100 disposed in a communication path of the packet from the terminal 10-1 and the terminal 10-2 to the communication device. The packet processing device 100 determines a processing method for the packets received from the terminal 10-1 based on the packets received from the terminal 10-2, creates a processing method determination table, and creates a processing method list. The terminal information packet processing unit 124 processes the packets received from the terminal 10-1 per packet unit based on the processing method list.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to receiving, at a network interface, an allocation of a first group of one or more buffers to store data to be processed by a Message Passing Interface (MPI) and based on a received packet including an indicator that permits the network interface to select a buffer for the received packet and store the received packet in the selected buffer, the network interface storing a portion of the received packet in a buffer of the first group of the one or more buffers. The indicator can permit the network interface to select a buffer for the received packet and store the received packet in the selected buffer irrespective of a tag and sender associated with the received packet.

Abstract: A circuit includes a buffer configured to receive a first Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) frame having 66b blocks including 66b overhead blocks and 66b data blocks, wherein the buffer is configured to accumulate the 66b overhead blocks and the 66b data blocks; a mapping circuit configured to map four x 66b overhead blocks from the buffer into a 257b overhead block and to map a sequence of four x 66b data blocks from the buffer into a 257b data block; and a transmit circuit configured to transmit a second FlexE frame having 257b blocks from the mapping circuit. The mapping circuit can be configured to accumulate four 66b blocks of a same kind from the buffer for mapping into a 257b block, where the same kind is one of overhead and a particular calendar slot n where n=0-19.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to determining reply content for a reply to an electronic communication. Some implementations are directed generally toward analyzing a corpus of electronic communications to determine relationships between one or more original message features of “original” messages of electronic communications and reply content that is included in “reply” messages of those electronic communications. Some implementations are directed generally toward providing reply text to include in a reply to a communication based on determined relationships between one or more message features of the communication and the reply text.

Abstract: An interface method for a mobile terminal includes: receiving in the order of time and saving two or more types of messages corresponding to two or more types of first applications; integrating and configuring the two or more types of messages using a second application, which integrates and manages the two or more types of first applications; and displaying the two or more types of messages with the identification information on the type of each of the messages using the second application.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for displaying and using avatars. In some embodiments, avatars are used to generate stickers for sending in a content-creation user interface. In some embodiments, avatars are used to generate a representation of a contactable user in a contactable user editing user interface. In some embodiments, a user interface can be used to create and edit an avatar. In some embodiments, a user interface can be used to display an avatar that is responsive to detected changes in pose of a face of a user. In some embodiments, contact information is transmitted or received.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for displaying and using avatars. In some embodiments, avatars are used to generate stickers for sending in a content-creation user interface. In some embodiments, avatars are used to generate a representation of a contactable user in a contactable user editing user interface. In some embodiments, a user interface can be used to create and edit an avatar. In some embodiments, a user interface can be used to display an avatar that is responsive to detected changes in pose of a face of a user. In some embodiments, contact information is transmitted or received.