Abstract: The present disclosure relates a spark plasma sintered polycrystalline diamond and methods of spark plasma sintering leached polycrystalline diamond. Spark plasma sintering produces plasma from a reactant gas found in the pores left by catalyst removal from leached polycrystalline diamond. The plasma forms diamond bonds and/or carbide structures in the pores, which may produce polycrystalline diamond that is has a higher impact strength than the leached polycrystalline diamond or other improved properties.

Abstract: In a method of producing nanoconcrete according the bottom-up approach of nano technology with the High-Energy Mixing of composition including cement, water, sand, additives and superplasticizers, the mixing is performed with flow of mixture characterized by Reynolds number and Power number in the range of 20-800 and 0.1-4.0 respectively with installation a disk horizontally into mixing assembly on the top layer of activated mixture coaxially with vertical axis of assembly and with the axis of impeller rotation on the adjustable level to avoid destroying created gel as a result of interruptions of process, to increase laminarity of the mixture flow, energy absorption by the mixture, and shear stress for creation additional quantity of the nanostructured Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel necessary for making nanoconcrete.

Abstract: A compression device, means for controlling the compression device, a drum having an inner chamber, means for rotating the drum, and first and second delivery devices for delivering first and second materials into the inner chamber of the drum while the drum is rotating. The compression device compresses the first and second material in the inner chamber of the drum while the drum is rotating about the center of the drum in response to the means for controlling the compression device. The apparatus may include a stirring device; and a means for controlling the stirring device; wherein the stirring device is configured with respect to the drum so that the stirring device can be moved up and down to a desired depth within the drum and rotates within the inner chamber of the drum to stir the first and second materials in the drum while the drum is rotating.

Abstract: Described herein are biofertilizer compositions that rely on a natural oil extract of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) (TTO) where the macronutrient components in the composition contribute to the fertilizer mixture, particularly as a foliar fertilizer mixture. The compositions include both TTO macronutrients (NPK) and terpenes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-layered propellant grain is provided. The method of the present disclosure simplifies the setup necessary to produce multi-layered propellants by using industrial equipment that is more energy and space efficient than the machinery that is conventionally employed for such processes. The method comprises providing a first propellant formulation; providing a die configured to provide a structure having an outer shell and a hollow interior when material is extruded therethrough; extruding the first propellant formulation through said die, to produce a first propellant layer having an outer shell defining a hollow interior in the form channel having open ends; providing a second propellant formulation, said second propellant formulation being of low viscosity; injecting said second propellant formulation into said channel defined by said first propellant layer to form a second propellant layer disposed in said channel; and hardening said second propellant layer.

Abstract: Methods and a system for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are provided. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene stream, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and blended with the ethylene stream prior to the oligomerization. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalytic aromatization, e.g., for the conversion of non-aromatic hydrocarbon to higher-value aromatic hydrocarbon, to catalysts useful for such aromatization, to methods for making such catalysts, and to systems and apparatus for carrying out aromatization in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of performing a startup of an oxidative coupling of methane reaction to produce C2+ hydrocarbons are described. The methods can include incrementally varying startup parameters of the oxidative methane reactor and using the feed gas as a coolant such that high C2+ hydrocarbon selectivity is achieved.

Abstract: A method for producing para-xylene (PX) includes introducing a C8 aromatic-containing composition to a xylene rerun column to separate the C8 aromatic-containing composition into a xylene-containing effluent and a heavy effluent and passing the xylene-containing effluent to a PX processing loop that includes a PX recovery unit operable to separate a PX product from the xylene-containing effluent, a membrane isomerization unit operable to convert a portion of the MX, OX, or both from the xylene-containing effluent to PX, an EB dealkylation unit operable to dealkylate EB from the xylene-containing effluent to produce benzene, toluene, and other C7? compounds, and a membrane separation unit operable to produce a permeate that is PX-rich and a retentate that is PX-lean. The permeate is passed to the PX recovery unit for recovery of PX, which the retentate is bypassed around the PX recovery unit circulated through the xylene processing loop.

Abstract: Processes for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock are described. The process can be run at lower H2/HC ratios and lower RITs while maintaining coke production at the same level as operation at higher H2/HC ratios and higher RITs without decreasing the yield per pass. Acceptable levels of coke were achieved when operating the process at low hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio in the range of 0.01 to 0.40 and reactor inlet temperatures in the range of 500°-645° C.

Abstract: Provided is a device for preparing butadiene. The device includes an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction part, in which oxidative dehydrogenation of reaction raw materials containing butene, oxygen (O2), steam, and a diluent gas is performed to obtain oxidative dehydrogenation reaction products containing butadiene; a cooling separation part for removing water from the reaction products; a condensation separation part for condensing hydrocarbons from the reaction products from which water is removed; an absorption separation part for recovering all hydrocarbons from the reaction products containing hydrocarbons not condensed in the condensation separation part; and a purification part for separating butadiene from crude hydrocarbons condensed in the condensation separation part, wherein n-butane remaining after butadiene is separated in the purification part is fed again into the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction part.

Abstract: A method of this disclosure for removing oxygenates from a hydrocarbon process stream includes passing the hydrocarbon process stream through a vessel containing a mixed metal oxide having an amorphous non-crystalline structure and containing a metal in at least two oxidation states in a hydrate form, the hydrocarbon process stream having a first oxygenate content when entering the vessel and a second lower oxygenate content when exiting the vessel. The hydrocarbon stream may be a gas or a liquid stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane which comprises contacting chlorine with 3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a catalyst to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one metal halide, where the metal is a metal from Group 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table or a transition metal or combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1230zd) is provided. The method includes contacting a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a carbon number of 3 and represented by a general formula (1) with a metal catalyst in a gas phase. CFaCl3-a—CH2—CHFbCl2-b??(1) In the formula, a is an integer from 0 to 2, b is 1 or 2 when a=0, b is 0 or 1 when a=1, and b is 0 when a=2.

Abstract: Method and system for the combined production of methanol and of ammonia, and method for producing a fuel using methanol, wherein a carbon-containing energy carrier flow and an oxygen flow from an oxygen-producing assembly are fed to a synthesis gas reactor assembly for obtaining a synthesis gas flow with hydrogen and carbon oxides, wherein the synthesis gas flow is fed to a methanol reactor assembly for the partial conversion into methanol, and wherein, from the methanol reactor assembly, a residual gas flow is obtained from which a hydrogen-containing flow is obtained, which is at least partially fed to an ammonia reactor assembly and at least partially converted into ammonia there. In an enrichment step, the molar fraction of hydrogen in the synthesis gas flow obtained from the synthesis gas reactor assembly is increased relative to the molar fraction of carbon oxides prior to the feeding to the methanol reactor assembly.

Abstract: This invention relates to a one-pot synthesis of a high-purity calix[4]arene compound by reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calix[8]arene compound, and cleaving the calix[8]arene compound into a high-purity calix[4]arene compound, directly, without carrying out a purification step before the cleaving step. The invention also relates to an improved conversion of a calix[8]arene compound to a calix[4]arene compound, by cleaving a calix[8]arene compound in a glycol ether solvent having a boiling point of at least about 200° C., to result in a high-purity calix[4]arene compound, without using an antisolvent.

Abstract: A method for purification and separation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol, e.g., from dried hemp and cannabis leaves can use a continuous simulated moving bed process, a batch column chromatography method, or a single column, and a combination of one or more of a sequence of purification steps including: filtration, decolorization, activation or decarboxylation, dewaxing, polishing, and crystallization to separate a cannabinoid from the cannabis plant and to provide various cannabinoid products. The cannabinoid products can be used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hydroformylation reaction process comprises contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and CO in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a cylindrical reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the reactor has a fixed height, and wherein a total mixing energy of at least 0.5 kW/m3 is delivered to the fluid in the reactor; removing a portion of the reaction fluid from the reactor; and returning at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid to the reactor, wherein the returning reaction fluid is introduced in at least two return locations positioned at a height that is less than 80% of the fixed height, wherein the at least two return locations are positioned above a location in the reactor where hydrogen and carbon monoxide are introduced to the reactor, and wherein at least 15% of the mixing energy is provided by the returning reaction fluid.

Abstract: The present invention in one embodiment provides a method of treating Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a compound of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula I are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for recovering oxalic acid used in ferrous metal pickling procedures, thereby reducing the total cost and environmental load of the pickling treatments.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a carboxylic acid is provided, in one aspect, the process comprises oxidizing a feedstock comprising a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon to form a liquid-phase aromatic carboxylic acid; crystallizing at least a portion of the liquid-phase aromatic carboxylic acid in the presence of oxygen and an oxidation catalyst in a first crystallizer to form solid aromatic carboxylic acid, under reaction conditions suitable to oxidize unreacted feedstock to form additional aromatic carboxylic acid; and crystallizing at least a portion of the first crystallization effluent in the presence of oxygen and an oxidation catalyst in a second crystallizer to form additional solid aromatic carboxylic acid, under reaction conditions suitable to oxidize unreacted feedstock to form additional aromatic carboxylic acid, wherein the oxygen is present in a gaseous phase inside the second crystallizer in an amount of no more than 11% by volume on a dry basis.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to modulators of liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) and methods of managing disease and conditions related thereto. In certain embodiments, modulators are derivatives of hexahydropentalene. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease by administering an effective amount of a hexahydropentalene derivative disclosed herein.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to plant extract compositions and methods to isolate fatty acid esters derived from crosslinked polyesters. Particular embodiments are directed to methods of preparing compositions of fatty acid esters by treating crosslinked polyesters or other crosslinked networks with an acid and an alcohol.

Abstract: A method of producing a bis-acyloxylated exomethylene compound represented by general formula (III), including reacting a monoacyloxylated exomethylene compound represented by general formula (I), a carboxylic acid represented by general formula (II), and oxygen in a liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst and optionally a solvent:

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a compound of formula (1) wherein R1 is independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl, and R2, R3 and R4 are independently chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl; which process comprises the steps of: a) contacting a compound of formula (2) wherein R1 and R2 are as above and M+ is a monovalent metal ion, with a compound of formula (3) wherein R3 and R4 are as above, to form a compound of formula (4) and b) followed by contacting the compound of formula (4) with an acid to give a compound of formula (1), wherein step (a) and/or step (b) are conducted in continuous mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a 2-fluoroacrylate, comprising the steps of: (1) mixing a vinyl ether having the structure of formula A with dichloromonofluoromethane to yield a substituted cyclopropane compound having the structure of formula B; (2) mixing the substituted cyclopropane compound having the structure of formula B with R2OH to yield an acetal product having the structure of formula C, followed by hydrolysis to yield 2-fluoroacrylaldehyde having the structure of formula D; or reacting the substituted cyclopropane compound having the structure of formula B with water to yield 2-fluoroacrylaldehyde having the structure of formula D via hydrolysis; (3) oxidizing 2-fluoroacrylaldehyde having the structure of formula D to yield 2-fluoroacrylic acid having the structure of formula E; and (4) mixing 2-fluoroacrylic acid having the structure of formula E with R3OH to yield a 2-fluoroacrylate having the structure of formula F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to prepare ethylene amines of the formula NH2—(C2H4—NH—)pH wherein p is at least 3 or derivatives thereof wherein one or more units —NH—C2H4—NH— may be present as a cyclic ethylene urea unit or between two units —NH—C2H4—NH— a carbonyl moiety is present, by reacting an ethanolamine-functional compound, an amine-functional compound in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to amine-functional compound is at least 0.6 to 1.

Abstract: This invention provides for a compound of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RA, RB, R2 and R4 are defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are cationic lipids useful in the delivery of biologically active agents to cells and tissues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods using for activating Peroxisomal Proliferator Activating Receptor (PPAR)-?/? and/or PPAR-?. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to compounds and methods of treating a disease or disorder associated with PPAR-?/? and/or PPAR-?. In some embodiments, present invention relates to compounds and methods of treating Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and reduced cognition.

Abstract: This application relates to solabegron zwitterion useful for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms such as, for example, overactive bladder and prostate disorders. Additionally, this application relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment utilizing the solabegron zwitterion for treating lower urinary tract symptoms. This application also relates to methods of preparing solabegron hydrochloride from the solabegron zwitterion.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing an N-cyclopropylmethyl aniline compound, which comprises reacting a compound represented by Formula IV with cyclopropyl formaldehyde in the presence of metal zinc and an acid to generate an N-cyclopropylmethyl aniline compound represented by Formula I. The method of the present disclosure has mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, a high yield, simple processes, simple operations and low costs, and is more applicable to industrial production.

Abstract: Provided are trisamide compounds and compositions containing the same. In an embodiment, the trisamides are represented by the following formula: wherein R1 represents a univalent group other than hydrogen, and X1 and X2 represent independently selected univalent groups.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds containing a phenyl core and amide link(s). Also described are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating the therapeutic compounds and a method for treating cancer with the compounds. These compounds are cytotoxic to stomach, colon, breast, and leukemia cancer cell lines via dual inhibition of Src kinases and tubulin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, and their use.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing guanidino acetic acid (GAA) from cyanamide and glycine in alkaline process solution, in which anionic impurities are removed from the process solution by electrodialysis.

Abstract: In a process for producing a (poly) sulfide compound represented by General Formula (2) of the present invention, thiol compounds represented by General Formula (1) are reacted with each other in the presence of a basic compound represented by General Formula (4) or General Formula (5) and sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product, a production method of an intermediate used for the method, and a novel intermediate. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VIII), which includes reducing compound (III) and hydrolyzing the reduced product to give compound (IV), subjecting compound (IV) to a sulfonylation reaction to give compound (VI), and subjecting compound (VI) to an amination reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antibacterial compounds, pharmaceutical compositions including the antibacterial compounds, and methods of treating bacterial infections using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A new intermediate for synthesizing 1-substituted-4-[phenyl(propanoyl)amino]piperidine-4-carbonitrile derivatives is laid open. Specifically set out is a method for use of this intermediate in the preparation of remifentanil. The enclosed shorter process offers a greater yield of products with higher purity as compared to methods reported in the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and to their use in therapy.

Abstract: Substituted aromatic sulfonamides of formula (I) pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of chemical pharmaceuticals, and relates to a compound represented by general formula (I) or formula (II) and a preparation method thereof. The compounds are biaryl derivatives with ROR?t activation activity. The biaryl derivatives disclosed in this invention can effectively activate the ROR?t protein receptor, and thereby promote the differentiation of Th17 cells and increasing the production of IL-17, which can be used as an immune modulator for the treatment of various cancers or viral infection-related diseases.

Abstract: A pyridoxine-based compound of formula 1: exhibits a high level of antiepileptic activity. At doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, compound 1 completely suppresses the epileptic electrical activity of the brain within an hour after intraperitoneal administration to rats on the penicillin model of epilepsy. The rats' corazol model of epilepsy shows a decrease in intensity and duration of seizures with the administration of compound 1 at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally and 100 and 200 mg/kg orally, and the complete prevention of seizures in some cases at a dosage of 250 mg/kg with oral administration. Compound 1 is low toxic. The LD50 parameter in rats exceeds 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight with intraperitoneal and oral administration respectively. The technical solution provides a new highly effective and safe drug for the treatment of epilepsy.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (1) is described: The compound has an excellent efficacy for controlling plant diseases, and is thus useful as an active ingredient for an agent for controlling plant diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility to degrade and (inhibit) Androgen Receptor. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to compounds, which contain on one end a cereblon ligand which binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds Androgen Receptor, such that Androgen Receptor is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of Androgen Receptor. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with compounds according to the present disclosure, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of Androgen Receptor.

Abstract: Cytotoxic compounds containing a phenyl core, amide link(s), an imidazolinone or a propenamide moiety. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating the cytotoxic compounds and methods for treating cancer. These compounds are cytotoxic against breast, prostate, and leukemia cancer cell lines via dual inhibition of Src kinases and tubulin.

Abstract: Compositions comprising small molecule mitofusin agonists are described. The mitofusin modulating agents are useful for treating diseases or disorders associated with a mitochondria-associated disease, disorder, or condition such as diseases or disorders associated with mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and/or mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), or mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods of treatment, pharmaceutical formulations, and screening methods for identifying compounds that regulate mitochondrial function are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an industrially preferable, economical, and environmentally friendly method for producing a compound [C1] of formula (5), namely, a (4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiocarboxamidine salt compound. The present disclosure relates to a method wherein: a reaction expressed by reaction formula [C2] is caused so as to produce a compound of formula (4) by reacting a compound of formula (3) with a halogenation agent in the presence of a nitrile solvent, and the compound of formula (4) is subsequently reacted with an isothiouronium-forming agent, thereby producing a compound of formula (5).

Abstract: Provided herein are oxazolidinone derivatives that can exhibit anti-microbial activity and/or activity as biofilm modulating agents (e.g., activity as biofilm inhibitors and/or activity as biofilm dispersal agents). The compounds can exhibit potent activity anti-microbial activity (e.g., potent activity against Gram-positive positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The compounds can exhibit potent activity against biofilms. In some cases, the compounds can exhibit both anti-microbial activity and biofilm modulation properties.