Abstract: The disclosed embodiments concern methods, apparatus, systems and computer program products for determining sequences of interest using unique molecular index (UMI) sequences that are uniquely associable with individual polynucleotide fragments, including sequences with low allele frequencies and long sequence length. In some implementations, the UMIs include both physical UMIs and virtual UMIs. In some implementations, the unique molecular index sequences include non-random sequences. System, apparatus, and computer program products are also provided for determining a sequence of interest implementing the methods disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments concern methods, apparatus, systems and computer program products for determining sequences of interest using unique molecular index sequences that are uniquely associable with individual polynucleotide fragments, including sequences with low allele frequencies and long sequence length. In some implementations, the unique molecular index sequences include variable-length nonrandom sequences. In some implementations, the unique molecular index sequences are associated with the individual polynucleotide fragments based on alignment scores indicating similarity between the unique molecular index sequences and subsequences of sequence reads obtained from the individual polynucleotide fragments. System, apparatus, and computer program products are also provided for determining a sequence of interest implementing the methods disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions, mixtures and kits utilizing 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in sequencing reactions, and in particular, sequencing reactions where deoxynucleoside triphosphates comprising a 3?-O position capped by a disulfide-based 3?-terminator group are used. In one embodiment, the deoxynucleoside triphosphates comprise a 3?-O position capped by a group comprising methylenedisulfide as a cleavable protecting group and a detectable label reversibly connected to the nucleobase of said deoxynucleoside. In addition, thiol-containing compounds and scavengers of thio-containing compounds are described. Such compounds provide new possibilities for future sequencing technologies, including but not limited to Sequencing by Synthesis.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to a DNA sequencing device and related methods that includes a substrate, a nanochannel formed in the substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite the first electrode, a distance between the first and second electrodes defining an electrode gap that is exposed within the nanochannel, and at least one actuator operable to move at least one of the first and second electrodes to adjust a size of the electrode gap.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the movement of a target polynucleotide with respect to a transmembrane pore when the movement is controlled by a polynucleotide binding protein. The invention also relates to improved transmembrane pores and polynucleotide binding proteins.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the detection and treatment of ADHD are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of treating a patient experiencing hypotension, comprising genotyping for a TT, AA, or AT genotype, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of vasopressin based on genotype to maintain a target blood pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of prognosing, treating, or managing treatment of cancer in a subject. These methods involve selecting a subject having cancer, obtaining, from the selected subject, a sample containing exosomes, recovering the exosomes from the sample, and isolating the double-stranded DNA from within the exosomes. The isolated double-stranded DNA is then used to detect the presence or absence of one or more genetic mutations associated with cancer, quantify the amount of isolated double-stranded DNA from the recovered exosomes in the sample, detect the methylation status of the isolated double-stranded DNA, or quantify the amount isolated double-stranded DNA able to enter a recipient cell. The prognosing, treating, or managing treatment is carried out based on this information.

Abstract: The methods described herein allow for the classification of patients into groups for receiving optimized radiation treatment based on patient specific biomarker signature. The biomarker signature includes markers that have been shown to correlate with TGF-B expression and to be associated with tumor aggressiveness, radioresistance and poor prognosis. The markers play a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The methods described herein provide the dual benefits of anti-tumor efficacy plus normal tissue protection when combining TGF-B inhibitors with ionizing radiation to treat cancer patients.

Abstract: A method for detecting genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation and genes detected by the method. More specifically, genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation discovered in a carcinogenic entity and verified in a normal entity are detected, by subjecting a cancerous AKR/J mouse and a normal ICR mouse to high-level radiation. Thymus is collected therefrom and fatty acid metabolism-related genes are classified via microarray processing of the thymus. The genes are amplified and the levels of gene expression are measured. Thus, the present invention allows a gene having a specific reaction to radiation to be accurately detected by preventing the interference of confounding variables.

Abstract: A method for detecting genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation and genes detected by the method. More specifically, genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation discovered in a carcinogenic entity and verified in a normal entity are detected, by subjecting a cancerous AKR/J mouse and a normal ICR mouse to high-level radiation. Thymus is collected therefrom and fatty acid metabolism-related genes are classified via microarray processing of the thymus. The genes are amplified and the levels of gene expression are measured. Thus, the present invention allows a gene having a specific reaction to radiation to be accurately detected by preventing the interference of confounding variables.

Abstract: A method for detecting genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation and genes detected by the method. More specifically, genes sensitive to high-level ionizing radiation discovered in a carcinogenic entity and verified in a normal entity are detected, by subjecting a cancerous AKR/J mouse and a normal ICR mouse to high-level radiation. Thymus is collected therefrom and fatty acid metabolism-related genes are classified via microarray processing of the thymus. The genes are amplified and the levels of gene expression are measured. Thus, the present invention allows a gene having a specific reaction to radiation to be accurately detected by preventing the interference of confounding variables.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for human identification using polymorphisms in the Penta E short tandem repeat locus. These newly disclosed polymorphisms are significant in preventing allelic drop out.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for rapid, highly specific and sensitive detection and quantification of a virus by observing viral substrate binding to its host receptor protein. The invention also provides a method for rapid, highly specific and sensitive detection and quantification of a virus in an individual suspected of being infected with a virus. The invention further provides a test kit for rapid, highly specific and sensitive point-of-care detection of a virus in an individual. The viruses and their host receptor proteins that can rapidly be detected include SARS-CoV-2 and its host receptor protein ACE2. The surprisingly rapid, specific and sensitive method of the invention provides a point-of care test capable of diagnosing individuals suffering from COVID-19 by observation of a color change in the assay, which color change occurs in about five minutes, and which test can be completed by a user in about one hour.

Abstract: Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243 (KCTC 11045P), a composition for treating intestinal diseases comprising Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243, and a composition for enhancing immune response comprising Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243.

Abstract: A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for tanning hide to obtain leather. The general process for obtaining the intermediary wet blue stage comprises the following steps: a) a picking step with acid and salt, followed by b) a tanning step with chromium salt, followed by c) a basification step. The invention is characterized in that between step b) and c), a re-acidification step with organic acids is added. In particular the organic acids are selected from glutaric acid (GA), 2-methyl glutaric acid (MGA), succinic acid, ethyl succinic acid (ESA), adipic acid (AA), maleic anhydride, fumaric anhydride, tricarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and mixture thereof. This invention enables an increase of the up-taking of the re-tanning products and provides leather with improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating iron castings for metallic components. The method for fabricating the iron castings may include forming a molten solution by melting carbon and iron and combining carbon nanomaterials with the molten solution. A first portion of the carbon nanomaterials combined with the molten solution may be dispersed therein. The method may also include cooling the molten solution to solidify at least a portion of the carbon thereof to fabricate the iron castings. The first portion of the carbon nanomaterials may be dispersed in the iron castings.

Abstract: When a rod-shaped workpiece (W) having an outer peripheral surface with a circular cross section is inductively heated to a quenching temperature while being conveyed at a predetermined velocity along an axial direction of the rod-shaped workpiece (W), the rod-shaped workpiece (W) being currently conveyed is heated to a predetermined temperature equal to or lower than the quenching temperature by a first heating coil (2A), which is electrically connected to a first high-frequency power supply (3) and has a constant output. Then, the rod-shaped workpiece (W) being currently conveyed is heated so as to be maintained at the quenching temperature by a second heating coil (2B), which is electrically connected to a second high-frequency power supply (4) and has a constant output.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high speed steel with a chemical composition that comprises, in % by weight: 0.6-2.1 C 3-5 Cr 4-14 Mo max 5 W max 15 Co 0.5-4 V, balance Fe and impurities from the manufacturing of the material, which steel is powder metallurgically manufactured and has a content of Si in the range of 0.7<Si?2.

Abstract: A rapid-cooling quenching apparatus in which a high-temperature metal sheet is dipped and cooled in a liquid and a rapid-cooling quenching method for a steel sheet are provided. The rapid-cooling quenching apparatus includes a water tank containing the liquid in which the metal sheet is dipped, a jetting device having a plurality of nozzles through which the liquid is jetted onto front and back surfaces of the metal sheet and at least some of which are placed in the liquid in the water tank, and a pair or a plurality of pairs of restraining rolls which are placed between an entrance-side end of the jetting device and an exit-side end of the jetting device and restrain the metal sheet, in which nozzles nearest to the restraining rolls are inclined toward the restraining rolls from a horizontal plane in the jetting device.

Abstract: A black heart malleable cast iron including carbon of not lower than 2.0% and not higher than 3.4%; silicon of not lower than 0% and not higher than 1.4%; aluminum of not lower than 2.0% and not higher than 6.0%, which are all expressed by percent by mass; and balance iron and inevitable impurities, wherein a value of a carbon equivalent CE expressed by Equation (1) is not lower than 3.0% and not higher than 4.2%, where C denotes a content of the carbon expressed by percent by mass, Si denotes a content of the silicon expressed by percent by mass and Al denotes a content of the aluminum expressed by percent by mass: CE=C+Si/3+Al/8 (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-oriented electrical steel plate having a good surface state, a high magnetic induction and a low iron loss, the contents of various chemical elements of the non-oriented electrical steel plate in mass percentage being: 0<C?0.004%, 0.1%?Si?1.6%, 0.1%?Mn?0.8%, 0.1%?Al?0.6%, Ti?0.0015%, and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities, with 0.2%?(Si+Al)?2.0% being met. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned steel plate, comprising the steps: a liquid iron pretreatment, smelting with a converter, RH refining, casting into slabs, hot rolling, acid pickling, cold rolling, annealing and coating. The non-oriented electrical steel plate of the present invention has an excellent magnetic property, an ultralow iron loss and a higher steel purity; in addition the surface quality of the steel plate is good and the production cost is low.

Abstract: The disclosure contains, in mass % or mass ppm: C: 0.005% or less, Si: 2.0% to 5.0%, Mn: 0.01% to 0.5%, sol.Al: 10 ppm or less, N: 15 ppm or less, S and Se: each 10 ppm or less, and three or more selected from Sn, Sb, Cr, P, Mo and B whose contents satisfy a relational expression of 0.16?[% Sn]+[% Sb]+[% Cr]+2×[% P]+[% Mo]+[% B]?0.50, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, where a number of times of repeated bending in a bend test is 10 or more.

Abstract: A high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil country tubular goods comprising, by mass %, C: 0.20% to 0.50%, Si: 0.05% to 0.40%, Mn: more than 0.6% to 1.5% or less, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.005% to 0.1%, N: 0.006% or less, Mo: more than 1.0% to 3.0% or less, V: 0.05% to 0.3%, Nb: 0.001% to 0.020%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0030%, O: 0.0030% or less, and Ti: 0.003% to 0.025%, and wherein Ti/N: 2.0 to 5.0 is satisfied, a volume fraction of a tempered martensitic is 95% or more, prior austenite grains have a grain size number of 8.

Abstract: A high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: more than 0.40% and 0.63% or less, Si: 0.10% or less, Mn: 0.50% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.010% or less, sol.Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.0050% or less, B: 0.0005% or more and 0.0050% or less, and at least one of Sb, Sn, Bi, Ge, Te, and Se in an amount of 0.002% or more and 0.030% or less in total. The steel sheet has a microstructure including ferrite and cementite, in which the density of cementite in ferrite grains is 0.13 pieces/?m2 or less. Additionally, the steel sheet has a hardness of 81 or less in terms of HRB and a total elongation of 33% or more.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of more than 1100 MPa and a yield strength of more than 700 MPa, a uniform elongation UE of at least 8.0% and a total elongation of at least 10%, made of a steel containing in percent by weight: 0.1%?C?0.25%, 4.5%?Mn?10%, 1%?Si?3%, 0.03%?Al?2.5%, the remainder being Fe and impurities resulting from the smelting, the composition being such that CMn Index=Cx(1+Mn/3.5)?0.6, the method comprising the steps of annealing a rolled sheet made of said steel by soaking it at an annealing temperature TA higher than the Ac transformation point of the steel but less than 1000° C., cooling the annealed sheet to a quenching temperature QT between 190° C. and 80° C. at a cooling speed sufficient to obtain a structure just after cooling containing martensite and retained austenite, maintaining the steel sheet at an overaging temperature PT between 350° C. and 500° C.

Abstract: Provided are: a cold work tool having excellent wear resistance; and a method for manufacturing the cold work tool. A cold work tool which has an ingredient composition that can be prepared into a martensite structure by quenching and which has a martensite structure, wherein the hardness of the cold work tool is 58 HRC or more, the area ratio of a carbide having an equivalent circle diameter of 5 ?m or more in the cross-sectional structure of the cold work tool is 4.0% by area or more, and the carbon solid solution fraction, which is expressed by the ratio of the mass ratio of the amount of carbon that is present in the form of a solid solution in the structure of the cold work tool to the mass ratio of the amount of carbon that is contained in the whole of the cold work tool, is 75.0% or more. A method for manufacturing a cold work tool, which is suitable for manufacturing the aforementioned cold work tool.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ferritic stainless steel foil high in stretch-expand formability and further small in anisotropy of deformation with respect to stretch-expand forming even with ultrathin steel foil with a thickness of 60 ?m or less. The ferritic stainless steel foil has a thickness of 5 ?m to 60 ?m, wherein a recrystallization rate of the stainless steel foil is 90% to 100%, and in an orientation distribution function obtained by analysis of a crystalline texture of the stainless steel foil, when a Euler angle ?2 is 45°±10°, at a plane expressed by a Euler angle ? of 53.4°±10°, a maximum peak strength ratio in peak strength ratios shown by orientations corresponding to a Euler angle ?1 is 25 or less, where the Euler angle ?1 is 0 to 90°. The ferritic stainless steel foil may be laminated with a resin film and is useful for producing a battery case.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by comprising: an acid leaching step for obtaining a leach liquid by causing leaching of, by means of an acid, a metal mixture at least containing vanadium and at least one type of a divalent or trivalent metal selected from nickel, cobalt, manganese, palladium, platinum, copper, and zinc; a complex generation step for adding an ammoniacal alkaline aqueous solution to the leach liquid for adjusting the pH to 10-12 and generating, in the alkaline aqueous solution, an ammine complex of a divalent or trivalent metal ion and an anion complex of a tetravalent and/or pentavalent vanadium ion; a divalent or trivalent metal recovery step for adding a carrier having a carboxyl group to the alkaline aqueous solution in which the ammine complex and the anion complex are generated, causing the divalent or trivalent metal ion in the ammine complex to be selectively adsorbed onto the carrier, and recovering the divalent or trivalent metal ion; and a vanadium recovery step for recoveri

Abstract: A method for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase A1 comprising at least one step comprising the bringing of the aqueous phase A1 into contact with a phase A2 not miscible with water, and then the separation of the aqueous phase A1 from the phase A2, the phase A2 consisting of one ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant. A method for recovering the tantalum that implements this extraction method and to a use of an ionic liquid or of a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant, in order to extract the tantalum from such an aqueous phase A1.

Abstract: A method of making a zeolite comprises: adding a zeolite seed to a leach solution containing silicon and aluminum; and heating the leach solution to obtain the zeolite. The leach solution can be made by mixing coal ash with a basic stream, thereby creating (i) a leach solution containing silicon and aluminum, and (ii) leached ash; and separating the leach solution from the leached ash.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforced magnesium matrix composite, includes manufacturing a quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforcement phase, including preparing raw materials for the quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforcement phase including a pure magnesium ingot, a pure zinc ingot, a magnesium-yttrium alloy in which the content of yttrium is 25% by weight, and nanometer alumina particles, the elements having the following proportion by weight 40 parts of magnesium, 50-60 parts of zinc, 5-10 parts of yttrium and 8-20 parts of nanometer alumina particles of which the diameter is 20-30 nm, pretreating the metal raw materials, cutting the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the magnesium-yttrium alloy into blocks, removing oxides attached on the surface of each metal block, placing the blocks into a resistance furnace to preheat at 180° C. to 200° C., and filtering out the absolute ethyl alcohol after standing, and drying.

Abstract: Provided are a slide material in which the joining strength between a Bi-containing copper alloy layer and a substrate is improved, and a method for manufacturing the slide material. The slide material according to the present invention has a substrate and a copper alloy layer. The copper alloy layer comprises a copper alloy containing 4.0-25.0 mass % of Bi and has a structure in which Bi phases are scattered in a copper alloy structure. The contact area ratio of Bi phases of the copper alloy layer at the joining interface with the substrate is not more than 2.0%. The slide material is manufactured by casting a molten copper alloy onto a substrate and causing the copper alloy to solidify unidirectionally.

Abstract: A coated steel sheet including a steel sheet and a coating layer provided on at least part of the surface of the steel sheet, in which the coating layer has a predetermined chemical composition in terms of % by mass; in which the coating layer has a laminar Mg2Sn phase-containing structure in an area fraction of from 5 to 65%, and a structure containing a solid solution of Zn and Al; and the laminar Mg2Sn phase-containing structure is a structure constituted with a Zn phase and a laminar Mg2Sn phase having a thickness of less than 1 ?m, and in which the laminar Mg2Sn phase exists dividing the Zn phase into plural regions.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a niobium metal alloy composition includes: a vanadium content in the range of about 1.5 to about 12 weight percent; a hafnium content in the range of about 5 to about 13 weight percent; a titanium or zirconium content or a mixture of titanium and zirconium content in the range of about 0.25 to about 2.5 weight percent; and a niobium content as a balance of the alloy.

Abstract: Stainless steel alloys, and turbocharger kinematic components fabricated from such alloys (for example by sintering), are provided. A stainless steel alloy, or component fabricated therefrom, includes, by weight, about 20% to about 35% chromium, about 10% to about 15% nickel, about 10% to about 15% cobalt, about 10% to about 15% molybdenum, about 2.0% to about 4.0% carbon, about 0.4% to about 2.5% silicon, about 0.0% to about 1.0% niobium, and a balance of iron and other inevitable/unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: There is provided a hot forging steel including, by mass %, C: more than 0.30% and less than 0.60%, Si: 0.10% to 0.90%, Mn: 0.50% to 2.00%, S: 0.010% to 0.100%, Cr: 0.01% to 1.00%, Al: more than 0.005% and 0.100% or less, N: 0.0030% to 0.0200%, Bi: more than 0.0001% and 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0% or more and less than 0.040%, V: 0% to 0.30%, Ca: 0% to 0.0040%, Pb: 0% to 0.40%, and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which P and O in the impurities are respectively P: 0.050% or less and O: 0.0050% or less, an expression d+3?<20 is satisfied, and a presence density of MnS having an equivalent circle diameter of smaller than 2.0 ?m is 300 pieces/mm2 or more in a cross section parallel to a rolling direction of a steel.

Abstract: A compact heat treatment line can include a short heating zone capable of rapidly bringing a metal strip to a suitable solutionizing temperature through the use of magnetic rotors, such as permanent magnet magnetic rotors. A fast and efficient soaking zone can be achieved as well, such as through the use of magnetic rotors to levitate the metal strip within a gas-filled chamber. Magnetic rotors can further levitate the metal strip through a quenching zone, and can optionally reheat the metal strip prior to final coiling. Magnetic rotors used to heat and/or levitate the metal strip can also provide tension control, can facilitate initial threading of the metal strip, and can cure coatings and/or promote uniformity of coatings/lubricants applied to the metal strip without overheating. Such a heat treatment line can provide continuous annealing and solution heat treating in a much more compacted space than traditional processing lines.

Abstract: A copper alloy sheet material contains, in mass %, Fe: 0.05 to 2.50%, Mg: 0.03 to 1.00%, and P: 0.01 to 0.20%, and the contents of these elements satisfy the relation Mg-1.18(P—Fe/3.6)3 0.03. The Mg solid-solution ratio determined by the amount of dissolved Mg (mass %)/the Mg content of the alloy (mass %) ’ 100 is 50% or more. The density of an Fe—P-based compound having a particle size of 50 nm or more is 10.00 particles/10 mm2 or less, and the density of an Mg—P-based compound having a particle size of 100 nm or more is 10.00 particles/10 mm2 or less. The Cu—Fe—P—Mg-based copper alloy sheet material is excellent in terms of electrical conductivity, strength, bending workability, and stress relaxation resistance in the case where load stress is applied in a direction perpendicular to both a rolling direction and a sheet thickness direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a member according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a member having a substrate and a sprayed coating formed on a surface of the substrate. The method includes: supplying an oil into a recessed portion of the sprayed coating, a kinematic viscosity of the oil at 40° C. being more than or equal to 3 mm2/s and less than or equal to 43 mm2/s; and dry-cutting, using a cutting tool, a surface of the sprayed coating with the recessed portion supplied with the oil. A supplied amount of the oil is more than or equal to 0.1 weight % and less than or equal to 2.7 weight % with respect to an apparent weight of the sprayed coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides an epitaxial film forming method for epitaxially growing a high-quality group III nitride semiconductor thin film on an ?-Al2O3 substrate by a sputtering method. In the epitaxial film forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention, when an epitaxial film of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film is to be formed on the ?-Al2O3 substrate arranged on a substrate holder provided with a heater electrode and a bias electrode of a sputtering apparatus, in a state where the ?-Al2O3 substrate is maintained at a predetermined temperature by the heater electrode, high-frequency power is applied to a target electrode and high-frequency bias power is applied to a bias electrode and at that time, the powers are applied so that frequency interference between the high-frequency power and the high-frequency bias power does not occur.

Abstract: A sliding member for vehicular suspension includes a wear resistant layer having appropriate mechanical strength and high designability on its outer peripheral sliding face and a method for producing the same. On an outer peripheral sliding face of the sliding member for vehicular suspension, a colored wear resistant layer formed by an ion plating method and having a film thickness of 0.75 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less is included; and in the wear resistant layer, a dark blue titanium oxide layer, a titanium intermediate layer, and a colored titanium oxide layer are laminated in this order from the inner peripheral side toward the outer peripheral side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of retrofitting a vacuum deposition chamber of an apparatus for coating optical substrates, the vacuum deposition chamber comprising a second resistance evaporator crucible. The method comprises installing a resistance evaporator comprising a crucible into the operational vacuum deposition chamber such that the crucible is disposed above the vacuum deposition chamber floor, and such that the second resistance evaporator crucible is closer to the vacuum deposition chamber floor than the installed crucible.

Abstract: An arc evaporation device includes a bar-shaped target having a front end surface and a side surface to be melted and evaporated from the front end surface by arc discharge; an arc power supply; a target feed unit which moves the target axially and in a feed direction; an ignition rod capable of contact with the side surface of the target, in an intersecting direction intersecting the feed direction; a rotary actuator which moves the ignition rod along the intersecting direction from a retraction position apart from the side surface in the intersecting direction to make the ignition rod enter a transport region into which the target is fed; and a detection unit which detects whether or not the ignition rod has come into contact with the side surface of the target during movement of the ignition rod.

Abstract: There is provided a cathode unit for a sputtering apparatus, having a construction in which a target can be replaced without opening a vacuum chamber to the atmosphere. The cathode unit having targets and being adapted to be mounted on a vacuum chamber has: a supporting frame mounted on an external wall of the vacuum chamber; an annular moveable base supported by the supporting frame in a manner to be movable toward or away from the vacuum chamber; a rotary shaft body rotatably supported by the movable base in a manner to be elongated through an inner space of the movable base in parallel with a sputtering surface of the target; provided an axial direction of the rotary shaft body is defined to be an X-axis direction, and a forward or backward direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction of the movable base is defined to be a Z-axis direction.

Abstract: (1) The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sputtering target in which the controllability of crystal orientation is improved. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sputtering target, comprising a step of shaping at least one raw material powder selected from a metal and a metal oxide into a desired target shape using an additive manufacturing method. (2) The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sputtering target capable of improving production efficiency. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a sputtering target in which a backing plate and a sputter part are bonded, comprising a shaping step of shaping at least one raw material powder selected from a metal and a metal oxide into a desired sputter part shape on a backing plate or on an intermediate material provided on a backing plate using an additive manufacturing method.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce particles generated in sputtering, and in order to achieve such an object, there is provided a sputtering target material including in at. %: 10 to 50% of B; and the balance of at least one of Co and Fe, and unavoidable impurities, in which the intensity ratio [I [(CoFe)3B]/I [(CoFe)2B]] of the X-ray diffraction intensity [I [(CoFe)3B]] of (CoFe)3B (121) to the X-ray diffraction intensity [I [(CoFe)2B]] of (CoFe)2B (200), the intensity ratio [I (Co3B)/I (Co2B)] of the X-ray diffraction intensity [I (Co3B)] of Co3B (121) to the X-ray diffraction intensity [I (Co2B)] of Co2B (200), or the intensity ratio [I (Fe3B)/I (Fe2B)] of the X-ray diffraction intensity [I (Fe3B)] of Fe3B (121) to the X-ray diffraction intensity [I (Fe2B)] of Fe2B (200) is 1.50 or less.

Abstract: Sputtering systems and methods are provided. In an embodiment, a sputtering system includes a chamber configured to receive a substrate, a sputtering target positioned within the chamber, and an electromagnet array over the sputtering target. The electromagnet array includes a plurality of electromagnets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Cr-rich cathodic arc coating, an article in turbine blade coated with the chromizing over cathodic arc coating, and a method to produce the coating thereof. The Cr-rich cathodic arc coating in the present invention comprises a cathodic arc coating and a diffusion coating deposited atop the cathodic arc coating to enforce hot corrosion resistance. The hardware coated with the chromizing over cathodic arc coating in the present invention is reinforced with superior-hot corrosion resistance. The present invention further provides a novel method for producing the chromizing over cathodic arc coating by re-sequencing coating deposition order. The method in the present invention is efficient and cost-reducing by eliminating some operations, e.g., DHT and peening, between the cathodic arc coating and the diffusion coating. The hot corrosion resistance in the present invention results from the high Cr content in the surface of the coating.