Abstract: A urinary kit and a method that teaches a young boy to stand and direct his urine into a toilet, using a funnel made of material folded around in a circle, rolled into the middle or bottom of the funnel, adhesive used to keep the remaining edge of the funnel, the boy puts his penis into the top of the funnel, and the bottom of the funnel into the toilet. The top of the funnel is foldable to prevent leakage after use, and a label is placed into the toilet for the boy to keep his eyes into the toilet.

Abstract: Hand held vacuum cleaning apparatus (100) includes an elongate housing (122) which is cylindrical in shape. The housing (122) defines an inlet opening (108), an interior (124) and an exhaust opening (118). The housing (122) further defines, within the interior (124), a receptacle receiving chamber (112) in which, in use, a removable dust retaining receptacle (115) is located. The receptacle receiving chamber (112) is substantially circular in cross section and comprises substantially the whole of the diameter of the interior (124) in cross section. The apparatus (100) includes a flow inducer (117) located in the interior (124). In use, the flow inducer (117) induces air flow from the inlet opening (108), through the receptacle (115) in the chamber (112), through the flow inducer (117) to the exhaust opening (118).

Abstract: A cleaner includes: a suction unit; a suction motor that generates suction force for sucking air through the suction unit and includes an impeller; a dust separation unit that includes one or more cyclone units generating cyclonic flow to separate dust from air flowing inside through the suction unit; a dust container that stores dust separated by the dust separation unit and is disposed under the suction motor; a battery disposed behind the dust container to supply power to the suction motor; and a handle disposed behind the suction motor, wherein a rotational axis of the impeller and an axis of the cyclonic flow vertically extend and an extension line from the rotational axis of the impeller passes through the one or more cyclone units.

Abstract: A floor cleaner including a recovery tank. The recovery tank includes a tank body having a lower end wall, an open upper end, and a sidewall that extend upwardly from the lower end wall. A cover that includes a suction air outlet in fluid communication with a vacuum source. An inlet duct extends upwardly from the lower end wall. The recover tank includes a shutoff float including a float body and a closure. The float body is configured to float on a surface of cleaning fluid and the closure is received in the suction air outlet to close the suction air outlet. The float body moves along the inlet duct as the float body floats on the surface of the cleaning fluid. The float body includes an aperture extending through the float body and the inlet duct extends through the aperture of the float body.

Abstract: In all vacuum cleaners, the head of the vacuum is the source of particle removal. With this mechanism, the min vacuum pressure can be reached at zero atmosphere, and it takes the particles from the floor and guide them through the vacuum line. The generation of a zero-atmosphere pressure requires a high speed and high current AC/DC motor air turbine, which creates lots of noise and consumes high amounts of energy. The new idea in this patent proposes an injection of pressurized air inside of the vacuum cleaner head chamber to lift up the particles easily and guide them towards the vacuum line. This mechanism, which does not present any limitations of high-pressure generation, will provide higher electrical efficiency, lower noise production, and much cleaner performance.

Abstract: A brushroll dowel for a vacuum cleaner has a bristle stiffener protruding from a brush dowel. A plurality of stiffened bristles protrude from the brush dowel adjacent to the bristle stiffener, and a plurality of unstiffened bristles also protrude from the brush dowel and are non-adjacent to the bristle stiffener.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes an upright body mounted to a base that moves over a surface to be cleaned. A rotational coupling can be provided between the upright body and the base for coupling the upright body to the base for movement about at least one rotational axis. The rotational coupling can include at least a swivel joint. A cord rewinder can be provided above the swivel joint for storing and dispensing a power cord.

Abstract: In general, the present disclosure is directed to nozzle control circuitry for use in surface cleaning devices that preferably reduces overall power consumption of a surface cleaning device by detecting the start of a cleaning operation by a user before energizing one or more components such as an agitator. The nozzle control circuitry can detect a cleaning operation based on data output from one or more sensors (also referred to herein as operation sensors). For example, the nozzle control circuitry can communicate with at least one of a motion sensor such as an accelerometer, an orientation sensor such as gyroscope, and/or an air pressure sensor operatively coupled within a dirty air inlet to detect the presence of generated suction.

Abstract: An autonomous traveling type vacuum cleaner capable of cleaning an area closely adjacent to an obstacle of a floor surface, and the control method therefor. A main body includes a front face part formed in a linear shape. A detector detects an obstacle in a traveling direction of the main body. A traveling part makes the front face part of the main body face the obstacle and makes the main body travel to the obstacle, on the basis of the result detected by the detector. A cleaning unit, which is disposed on a front portion of the main body, cleans a cleaning-object surface in the state where the traveling part has made the main body travel to the obstacle.

Abstract: A self-propelling cleaning robot includes a main body, a driving part configured to propel the main body, a cleaning part configured to clean a cleaning area, a sensor part configured to detect an obstacle, and a control unit mounted on the main body and configured to control the driving part and the sensor part. The control unit includes a controller having an integrated development environment to create a programming code, and the controller is connectable with an external device.

Abstract: A mobile robot of the present disclosure includes: a traveling unit configured to move a main body; a cleaning unit configured to perform a cleaning function; a sensing unit configured to sense a surrounding environment; an image acquiring unit configured to acquire an image outside the main body; and a controller configured to generate a distance map indicating distance information from an obstacle for a cleaning area based on information detected and the image through the sensing unit and the image acquiring unit, divide the cleaning area into a plurality of detailed areas according to the distance information of the distance map and control to perform cleaning independently for each of the detailed areas. Therefore, the area division is optimized for the mobile robot traveling in a straight line by dividing the area in a map showing a cleaning area.

Abstract: The spray arrangement according to the present invention which is suitable for use in a dishwasher such that the spray arrangement is located to rotate along a plane parallel to the base of the rack for spraying a cleaning liquid to the dishes, wherein the spray arrangement comprises: the main body (1) in the form of a chamber; the spray arm (2), a part of which extends out of the main body (1), wherein the spray arm (2) has an angled hole (2a) thereon, enables the main body (1) to rotate by spraying the cleaning liquid passing through the spray arm (2) through said angled hole (2a) by means of a passage opening, and moves backward and forward; the movement mechanism which provides movement of the spray arm (2) by transferring rotational movement of the main body (1) to the spray arm (2); the liquid inlet (1f), wherein cleaning liquid received from a source is delivered to the dishes through holes on spray arm (2); the holder bearing (1a) which is located above the opening, and guides movement of the spray ar

Abstract: [Overview] [Problems to be Solved] To perform optimization of each of a plurality of surgical devices in consideration of the plurality of surgical devices. [Solution] A medical device management system is provided that includes a plurality of devices connected to a surgical network, and an information processor configured to change settings of one or more devices out of the plurality of devices via the surgical network. The information processor acquires two or more pieces of information related to the plurality of devices and changes at least one of the settings of the plurality of devices on the basis of the two or more pieces of information.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to detect a positional deviation amount of pixels among image data of a plurality of frames; combine, based on the detected positional deviation amount, information concerning the pixels, in which a first filter is arranged, of the image data of at least one or more past frames with image data of a reference frame to generate combined image data; perform interpolation processing on the generated combined image data to generate, as reference image data, first interpolated image data including information concerning the first filter in all pixel positions; and perform, referring to the generated reference image data, interpolation processing on the image data of the reference frame to generate, for each of a plurality of types of second filters, second interpolated image data including information concerning the second filters in all pixel positions.

Abstract: A medical imaging system having an image sensor, a birefringent mask coupled to the image sensor, and processing circuitry that obtains image data from the image sensor, and performs processing on the image data based on unique optical characteristics of a coupled medical device, wherein the processing includes selecting at least one of depth of field expansion and blur improvement based on the unique optical characteristics.

Abstract: A method for performing a surgical procedure includes adjusting an encoding configuration of a video encoder in response to receiving an input associated with a change of state of a surgical system performing the surgical procedure, and encoding image data of the surgical procedure captured after the change of state based on the adjusted encoding configuration.

Abstract: Provided is a medical image processing system that can stably control the light emission amount of narrow-band light of a short wavelength in a case where the narrow-band light of the short wavelength is used for illumination of an observation target. A light source circuit emits specific narrow-band light of a short wavelength. An image sensor includes a first pixel group including a B pixel and a second pixel group including a G pixel. The B pixel has a higher sensitivity to the specific narrow-band light than the G pixel. The G pixel has a sensitivity to light in a green band and the specific narrow-band light. The light source control unit controls the light emission amount of the specific narrow-band light on the basis of a pixel value of the B pixel and a pixel value of the G pixel.

Abstract: Provided are a two-component adhesive for an endoscope and a cured product thereof, the adhesive having a base resin and a curing agent. The base resin contains an epoxy resin (A), and the epoxy resin (A) includes an epoxy resin (a) having an average degree of polymerization of 2 or more. Also provided are an endoscope produced by using the adhesive for an endoscope and a method for producing the endoscope.

Abstract: An imaging device capable of acquiring images of an internal structure of a living body highly accurately in a wide range. An imaging device has a first housing to which a proximal portion of an outer sheath is fixed, with a drive shaft for driving a imaging unit and an inner sheath extending through the first housing, and a second housing to which a proximal portion of the inner sheath is fixed and which holds the drive shaft rotatably therein. The first housing has a first port held in fluid communication with an inner lumen of the outer sheath, and the second housing is movable toward and away from the first housing. The imaging device also includes a first gap between the inner sheath and the outer sheath and a second gap between the inner sheath and the drive shaft.

Abstract: There is provided an endoscope device, an endoscope operation method, and a program which can allow the operator to simply perform operations using mechanisms and buttons of an operation unit already provided, without confusing the assigned operations.

Abstract: An assembly may have an axle. Rotation of the axle may cause deflection of a portion of a medical device. A collet may have an opening. The axle may extent through the longitudinal opening. An actuator may be configured to interact with the collet. A first configuration of the collet may permit rotation of the axle relative to the collet and a second configuration of the collet may inhibit rotation of the axle relative to the collet.

Abstract: An enhanced flexible robotic endoscopy apparatus includes a main body and flexible elongate shaft. The main body comprises a proximal end, a distal end and a housing that extends to the proximal end and the housing comprises a plurality of surfaces and a plurality of insertion inlets which reside on at least one of the surface of the housing at the proximal end of the main body, through which a plurality of channels for endoscopy are accessible. Each of the insertion inlets has insertion axis corresponding thereto, along which flexible elongate assemblies are insertable, with the insertion axes of the insertion inlets being parallel to the central axis of the flexible elongate shaft at the proximal end of the flexible elongate shaft.

Abstract: The invention concerns a handle for a video endoscope including a housing and an interface portion rotatably supported relative to the housing where the interface portion includes a first connector element at its distal end section that is connectable to a second connector element of an associated elongate shaft of the video endoscope. Thereby a detachable, rotatable electrical and/or mechanical connection between the handle and the associated shaft is achieved. The coupling includes an electrical connection assembly arranged at an exterior of the interface portion forming an electrical connection to a stationary electric component of the handle. The handle includes a mechanical rotation stop for a rotation of the interface portion relative to the housing such that a rotation range is limited and damage to the electrical connection assembly is prevented.

Abstract: A cart or man-portable system and method for performing endoscopic procedures is provided. A portable display device, such as a laptop computer, is coupled to a handle comprising a miniature camera and fiber optic illumination subsystem. A sterile disposable portion is fitted over the illumination subsystem and inserted into a target area on a patient. Images of the target area are conveyed from the camera to the display device while an endoscopic procedure is performed, thus facilitating real-time diagnosis during the procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the field of medical devices. In particular, the present disclosure relates to devices, systems and methods for air/water and flushing valves. For example, an endoscopic valve of the present disclosure may include a valve stem with contiguous first and second channels and with first and second ports formed within a sidewall of the valve stem. A series of seals may be disposed around an outer surface of the valve stem proximal and distal to the first and second ports. A gating member may be slidably disposed within the proximal channel and a valve insert may be disposed between the proximal and distal channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an openable/closable vertebral endoscopic device. The openable/closable vertebral endoscopic device includes an endoscope body including a working channel for providing an access route of a surgical instrument to a diseased area of a human body, the working channel having an open channel formed by opening a portion of the working channel such that a portion of the surgical instrument inserted into the working channel is exposed to the outside; and a cover member provided on the endoscope body to selectively open or close the open channel of the endoscope body.

Abstract: In summary, to simplify operation of a medical image acquisition system, it is proposed that the image acquisition system continuously monitors a current image acquisition situation and assigns at least one new function to at least one, preferably manual, operating element, which is adapted to a detected new image acquisition situation, in response to a change in the image acquisition situation, to the extent that said newly assigned function is adjustable and/or operable with the at least one operating element. To this end, the image acquisition system can detect the change in the image acquisition situation using predefined parameters by means of sensors and/or through communication with peripheral units and/or preferably through image analysis of an image sequence which is recorded with an image sensor of the image acquisition system.

Abstract: A guided tracheal intubation system using an autonomous modulated light source, outputting modulated illumination at a constant level, and externally applied to the subject's larynx region. An optical imaging system receives a video stream from within the subject's throat, including modulated illumination from the subject's trachea. A display control system performs signal processing on the modulated content of the images, and outputs frames of those images in which the intensity level of illumination from the trachea can be controlled without any need to change the illumination output from the modulated light source. The light source has no connection with the rest of the system, and need contain no more than a battery, a power supply circuit and a light source. It can therefore be of low cost and can be made disposable, such as in the form of an adhesive patch applied to the subject's neck.

Abstract: A light source includes a first LED in communication with a first DAC; a second LED in communication with a second DAC; a third LED in communication with a third DAC; a color sensor capable of sensing light in the visible light spectrum; and one or more processors configured for: receiving color intensity values from the color sensor, determining whether the color intensity values are balanced to achieve white light, adjusting the current to the second DAC and third DAC until the color intensity levels are balanced to achieve white light at a combined intensity level, setting a new red LED current value, a new green LED current value, and a new blue LED current value to adjust the combined intensity level toward a target intensity level, and repeating the setting step until the target intensity level is achieved.

Abstract: A medical-endoscopic instrument includes a distal elongate insertion section (1), for the minimal-invasive introduction into a human or animal body, with a first LED (5), a second LED (7) and a picture sensor (9). The first LED includes a first light spectrum (19), suitable for fluorescence endoscopy. The second LED includes a second light spectrum (21), suitable for white light endoscopy. A light filter (23), arranged in front of the second LED in the viewing direction (x), has a transmission spectrum (25). The second LED is configured to irradiate according to the second light spectrum on average more intensively in a first wavelength region (K) than in a second wavelength region (L). The light filter is configured to let through light, which is emitted by the second LED, according to the transmission spectrum, on average less in the second wavelength region than in the first wavelength region.

Abstract: Integrated tubing is disclosed including a tubing wall, one or more lumens, and a longitudinal bead of the integrated tubing including one or more optical fibers disposed therein. Each lumen of the one or more lumens is defined at least in part by the tubing wall. The longitudinal bead of the integrated tubing is between opposing sides of the tubing wall. A medical device is also disclosed including a catheter tube and an integrated stylet. The catheter tube includes a catheter-tube wall and one or more lumens of the catheter tube. Each lumen of the one or more lumens is defined at least in part by the catheter-tube wall. The integrated stylet includes one or more optical fibers. The catheter tube also includes a longitudinal bead between opposing sides of the catheter tube having the one or more optical fibers disposed therein. Method for manufacturing the foregoing are also disclosed.

Abstract: [Overview] [Problem to be Solved] To make it possible to appropriately rotate an endoscope. [Solution] There is provided an endoscope including: a main body including a coupler to which a cable is attached; a tubular section having a tubular form; a reflector having a reflection surface that reflects light introduced from the coupler to inside of the main body and introduces the light to inside of the tubular section; a first optical system that transmits the light introduced by the reflector to the inside of the tubular section to a front-end portion of the tubular section and irradiates a subject with the light from the front-end portion; and a second optical system that transmits reflected light of the subject from the front-end portion of the tubular section to the main body side. The coupler is provided to be rotatable in the main body around a central axis of the tubular section with respect to another portion. The cable being coupled to a light source.

Abstract: A tissue visualization system comprises a flexible elongate shaft through which a lumen extends. The system also comprises a pliable visualization device coupled to a distal portion of the flexible elongate shaft. The pliable visualization device includes a chamber configured to receive a fluid. The system also comprises a piercing instrument configured to extend through the lumen and to penetrate a surface of the pliable visualization device.

Abstract: A video data cable for use with a video medical device comprising an image capture device includes a processor; data storage; logic to identify the video medical device; logic to determine which of the video medical device or the data cable have a most up-to-date set of image capture settings based on the identified video medical device; logic to transmit the most up-to-date set of image capture settings to the video medical device when it is determined that the data cable includes the most up-to-date set of image capture settings; and logic to receive the most up-to-date set of image capture settings to the video medical device when it is determined that the data cable includes the most up-to-date set of image capture settings.

Abstract: A system for imaging and examination of a cervix, comprising a control module connectable with a changeable head configured to image the cervix and collect a tissue biopsy, the head selected from a group consisting of a digital colposcope module, a transvaginal optical probe module and an endo-cervical endoscope module. The system may additionally comprise light source(s) to illuminate cervix tissue; sensing device(s) to generate signal(s) from light and/or to acquire image(s) of a portion of a cervix; and processor(s) in communication with the sensing device(s). The system is configured to: (i) analyze the signal(s); (ii) detect the size of the cervix; (iii) determine parameters defining properties of the cervix; (iv) determine and distinguish normal tissue from abnormal tissue within the cervix; (v) determine the location of area(s) of abnormal tissue in the cervix; and (vi) generate a panoramic view of the cervix.

Abstract: The exemplified systems and methods disclosed herein involve the contemporaneous and concurrent stimulation of both eyes of a patient with dissimilar visual scenes that substantially span an expected or normal visual field of both eyes. During an assessment via the exemplified system and methods, a test eye (i.e., eye being assessed) is presented a visual scene that is rich in contours (e.g., a scene with rich texture patterns) that substantially span an expected or normal visual field of a person while the non-tested eye is presented an impoverished visual scene (e.g., a contour-free or non-distinguishing-contour scene, e.g., with a homogeneous color, with respect to the contour-rich scene). Defects in the visual field can be detected by assessing for breaks or discontinuity in the observation of the contour-rich scene by the person.

Abstract: A visual field test device includes: first probability density function acquisition unit performs step (1) of obtaining a probability density function f(x1) for a result value x1 obtained in a first visual field test; a stimulation threshold determination unit performs step (2) of setting a stimulation threshold t1to a value in the range of x1 in the f(x1); a test result acquisition unit performs step (3) of obtaining test results indicating if a result greater than or equal to t1was obtained in the first visual field test; a second probability density function acquisition unit performs step (4) of obtaining a probability density function f(x2) by removing probability density values that's greater than or equal to t1, or removing values that are less than t1from f(x1); and a determination unit performs step (5) of determining if a standard deviation ? of the f(x2) is below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A mobile device and a method for testing an individual's vision are provided, the mobile device including a screen for displaying at least one test pattern, such as a smartphone or a tablet computer. A test of the individual's vision is performed using the test pattern displayed on the screen of the mobile device, in particular for testing visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and/or visual disturbances. Further, a parameter influencing the test result is evaluated before and/or during performing the test. The parameter includes at least one of the distance between the eye of the individual and the screen; the brightness at which the test pattern is displayed; and the ambient luminosity.

Abstract: An exemplary OCT apparatus includes a scanner, controller, phase information generator, phase information processor. The scanner applies an OCT scan to an object using an optical scanner. The controller controls the scanner to perform a first scan that scans a cross section of the object in a first scan direction and a second scan that scans a cross section of the object in a second scan direction opposite to the first scan direction. The phase information generator generates first phase information based on first acquisition data acquired by the first scan and second phase information based on second acquisition data acquired by the second scan. The phase information processor generates composite phase information based on the first phase information and the second phase information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved interferometric imaging are presented. One embodiment is a partial field frequency-domain interferometric imaging system in which a light beam is scanned in two directions across a sample and the light scattered from the object is collected using a spatially resolved detector. The light beam could illuminate a spot, a line or a two-dimensional area on the sample. Additional embodiments with applicability to partial field as well as other types of interferometric systems are also presented.

Abstract: A brain-machine interface (BMI) is described in which many flexible electrodes for implanting within a subject's brain run to a cylindrical sensor device configured to fit inside a burr hole in the cranium. The devices contain sealed electronics that convert analog neural voltages to digital signals, or vice versa, and connects through a serial cable to a subcutaneous relay on the mastoid region (behind the subject's ear) or other suitable location. The relay draws power from and communicates with an externally worn device and distributes the power to the devices. The externally worn device communicates wirelessly or through a tether to a base station computer for data analysis and/or stimulation.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the systems and methods of the disclosure can efficiently and accurately classify neurodegenerative disorder(s) and/or movement disorder(s) of a subject (e.g., a patient) using at least quantitative features associated with one or more regions of interest determined from one or more sets of image data of the subjects brain. The method may include processing one or more sets of MRI image data of the subjects brain to extract one or more quantitative features for one or more regions. The one or more quantitative features may include a first quantitative and a second quantitative feature. The method may further include classifying at least the one or more quantitative features into one or more classes associated with neurodegenerative dementia disorder, neurodegenerative movement disorder, non-neurodegenerative movement disorder and/or heathy control. The method may include generating a report including a classification of at least the one or more quantitative features.

Abstract: In an embodiment a sensor device includes a housing having at least a first cavity and a second cavity, at least one light emitter arranged in the first cavity and at least one light detector arranged in the second cavity, wherein each of the cavities has an opening at an underside of the housing so that light from the respective cavity is passable to the outside and/or from the outside into the respective cavity, wherein each of the cavities includes a bottom opposite the underside of the housing and a peripheral side wall extending between the bottom and the underside of the housing, wherein at least one of the cavities is filled with an absorbing material from the bottom to a specified height, and with a transparent material from the specified height to a height of the underside of the housing, and wherein the light detector is arranged on the bottom of the second cavity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing OCT vibrography based on the synchronization of components of the OCT vibrography system. An A-scan trigger is employed to synchronize the operation of the scanning subsystem that scans the sample beam and an acoustic stimulus source that generates an acoustic stimulus for vibrographic measurements. The acoustic stimulus source is controlled such that when the scanning subsystem dwells on an imaging line selected for vibrography measurements, the acoustic stimulus is generated over a plurality of A-scans and the phase of the acoustic stimulus is locked to the A-scan trigger, such that the phase of the acoustic stimulus is incrementally modified with each A-scan. The accumulation of the acoustic phase is therefore synchronized to the A-scan trigger. The synchronization, providing synchronized acoustic phase evolution during each acoustic phase waveform cycle, permits the use of the OCT vibrography system for simultaneous anatomical and functional imaging.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of and an imaging system for clinical sign detection. The method uses an imaging system having an RGB image sensor and the processing device disclosed herein. An image of a patient or examinee is captured by the RGB image sensor to generate an RGB image. Clinical signs of the patient or examinee are detected by the processing device based on the RGB images.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for calculating glucose in a non-invasive manner using head-mounted sensors. In one embodiment, a system that calculates blood glucose levels includes a head-mounted contact photoplethysmography device that measures a signal indicative of a photoplethysmogram signal (PPG signal) at a first region comprising skin on a user's head, and a head-mounted camera configured to capture images of a second region comprising skin on the user's head. The system also includes a computer that identifies, based on the PPG signal, times of systolic notches and times of systolic peaks, and calculates the blood glucose level based on differences between a first subset of the images taken during the times of systolic notches and a second subset of the images taken during the times of systolic peaks. Optionally, the photoplethysmography device and the camera are couple to smartglasses worn on the user's head.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining the maximum heart rate, called HRmax of a user of in a freely performed physical exercise and using an apparatus with software and memory. An intensity model takes account of, in addition to heart rate, respiration rate and/or kinetics information.

Abstract: A method for measuring anatomical dead space in a lung, the method comprising: (a) providing, in a supply of inspired gas, at least one indicator gas for inhalation by a patient during a test, the concentration of the indicator gas being controlled such as to follow a sinewave pattern over successive breaths; (b) measuring, over successive breaths, the flow rate and concentration of the indicator gas during both inspiration and exhalation of the patient; (c) fitting sinewave envelopes to the measured concentration values of the indicator gas over the successive breaths and, from the fitted sinewave envelopes, determining the inspired concentration, the mixed expired concentration, and the end expired concentration in respect of the indicator gas for each breath; and (d) calculating the anatomical dead space for each of a plurality of inspirations based on a conservation-of-mass principle.

Abstract: A monitoring system comprises an intra-vascular support device and a sensor mounted to the support device and projecting into the vessel. The sensor generates a signal which is dependent on the level of deformation of a free end. The sensor signal is interpreted to enable detection of changes in the length of a deformable part of the sensor thereby to determine a level of bio-layer formation and also determine a level of flow. The sensor remains able to detect flow even when a bio-layer is formed and it can also detect the presence (and thickness) of the bio-layer, because part of the sensor becomes rigid when constrained by the bio-layer.

Abstract: A management system includes an acquisition unit that acquires first measurement data of a first circulatory parameter related to symptoms of heart failure from an ICU device and second measurement data of a second circulatory parameter related to symptoms of heart failure from a general ward device at a plurality of timings, and a conversion unit that converts the second measurement data of the second circulatory parameter measured by the general ward device into an estimated value of the first circulatory parameter, based on correspondence between the first measurement data and the second measurement data measured at substantially the same time.