Abstract: Sinusitis, enlarged nasal turbinates, tumors, infections, hearing disorders, allergic conditions, facial fractures and other disorders of the ear, nose and throat are diagnosed and/or treated using minimally invasive approaches and, in many cases, flexible catheters as opposed to instruments having rigid shafts. Various diagnostic procedures and devices are used to perform imaging studies, mucus flow studies, air/gas flow studies, anatomic dimension studies, endoscopic studies and transillumination studies. Access and occluder devices may be used to establish fluid tight seals in the anterior or posterior nasal cavities/nasopharynx and to facilitate insertion of working devices (e.g., scopes, guidewires, catheters, tissue cutting or remodeling devices, electrosurgical devices, energy emitting devices, devices for injecting diagnostic or therapeutic agents, devices for implanting devices such as stents, substance eluting devices, substance delivery implants, etc.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes an elongated body operably connected to a jaw member and a blade. The elongated body includes an inner tube and an outer tube configured to move laterally with respect to one another. A drive arm has a first end engaged to the outer tube and a second end pivotably coupled to the jaw member configured to move laterally in tandem with the outer tube such that motion of the outer tube in a first direction pulls the jaw member away from the blade, and motion of the outer tube in a second direction pushes the jaw member towards the blade. The drive arm includes a semi-rigid material configured to flex when compressed, such that flexion of the drive arm can offload excess force exerted by the outer tube on the jaw member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mechanical wound cleansing device comprising a carrier layer and an abrasive loop system arranged above the carrier layer, whereby the loop system is an intermeshed fiber system which is intermeshed above the carrier layer and/or a loop system comprising highly and softly abrasive loops. The present invention further relates to a method of producing said mechanical wound cleansing device. The present invention finally relates to the use of said wound cleansing device for the abrasive removal of and cleansing of wounds, especially for venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers (neuropathic and neuro-ischemic), arterial ulcers, mixed etiology ulcers, pressure ulcers or traumatic wounds.

Abstract: Various arthroscopic shavers are provided that minimize contact between bodily fluid and the shaver hand piece. Arthroscopic shavers generally include a cutting assembly mated to a hand piece. In one embodiment, the shaver includes a hub that connects the cutting assembly with the hand piece and has an exit port configured to transport cut tissue and fluid from the device. In another embodiment, the shaver includes a hub configured to retrofit existing shaver hand pieces having interior lumens for removing cut tissue and fluid. The hub further includes an exit port that diverts fluid away from the hand piece.

Abstract: A medical device for facilitating a minimally invasive surgical procedure may include a housing and an arm. The housing may be configured for engagement around an outer circumferential surface of an endoscope and may include a first cavity. The arm may include at least one cutting surface and may be movably received within the first cavity. The arm may be configured to perform a first predetermined movement along at least a first plane at a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A platform device for material excision or removal from vascular structures for either handheld or stereotactic table use may comprise a work element or elements configured to selectively open and close at least one articulable beak or scoopula configured to penetrate and remove intra-vascular materials or obstructions, or follow a central lumen of another device or over a wire in a longitudinal direction. Flush and vacuum tissue transport mechanisms may be incorporated. A single tube or an inner sheath and an outer sheath which may be co-axially disposed relative to a work element may be configured to actuate a beak or beaks or scoopulas and provisions for simultaneous beak or scoopula closing under rotation may be incorporated.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel vascular punch employing compressive normal force for tissue separation from a targeted vessel. This invention is particularly designed for making a large round hole without massive bleeding in vascular surgery. A clean, non-frayed hole-making guided by the normal force cutting principle is realized using a site-biting punch mechanism. The side-biting vascular punch comprises a U-shaped razor blade cutter, a backstop for receiving the cutter, and a linkage mechanism, forming an aligned line of contact for normal compression force generation and thereby severing tissue out of the targeted vessel.

Abstract: A device for intravascular intervention can comprise an intervention element, an elongate manipulation member, and a joining element. The elongate element can comprise a hooked portion extending about a proximal portion of the intervention element. The hooked portion can comprise a bend. The hooked portion can have (i) no substantial surface crack at an interior region of the bend and (ii) a maximum lateral dimension that is less than 0.027 inch. The joining element can substantially permanently attach the hooked portion to the intervention element.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating on tissue comprises a shaft, an acoustic waveguide, and an end effector. The acoustic waveguide extends along the shaft and is configured to transmit ultrasonic vibration, The end effector comprises an ultrasonic blade and a clamp arm. The ultrasonic blade is in acoustic communication with the acoustic waveguide. The clamp arm is pivotable toward the ultrasonic blade. The end effector defines a first longitudinal region and a second longitudinal region, The end effector is configured to clamp tissue between the clamp arm and the ultrasonic blade in the first longitudinal region. The end effector is configured to sever tissue with the ultrasonic blade in the second longitudinal region.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a housing, an end effector, a movable handle, and a drive assembly. The movable handle includes first and second cantilever spring arms and is movable relative to the housing between a spaced-apart position and an approximated position. The first cantilever spring arm is flexed upon movement of the movable handle from the spaced-apart position towards the approximated position to bias the movable handle towards the spaced-apart position. The drive assembly is operably coupled between the movable handle and the end effector such that movement of the movable handle from the spaced-apart position towards the approximated position moves the end effector from an open position towards a clamping position for clamping tissue. The second cantilever spring arm is flexed upon application of a threshold pressure to tissue clamped by the end effector to control an amount of pressure applied to tissue clamped by the end effector.

Abstract: A clot retrieval cleaning instrument can have bristles, fluid sprays, or other techniques to liberate captured clot material from a clot retrieval device so that it can be reinserted into a patient's vasculature for successive capture attempts. The cleaning instrument can be conveniently integrated or connected to a hemostasis valve assembly so that the cleaning function can be performed without completely removing the clot retrieval device from the delivery system. Aspiration can be applied to remove the freed thrombus material. The cleaning instrument can be removable from the delivery system to facilitate the instrument's washing or disposal.

Abstract: The devices and method described herein allow for therapeutic damage to increase volume in these hyperdynamic hearts to allow improved physiology and ventricular filling and to reduce diastolic filling pressure by making the ventricle less stiff.

Abstract: A guidance system, a method and a device for dynamically guiding a surgical needle catheter onto an organ to be surgically operated of a patient. In particular, the disclosure relates to a guidance system, a method and a device to aid in the percutaneous kidney puncture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical obturator includes providing an injection mold including a mold cavity defining an outer surface of the optical obturator and a core pin centrally positioned within the mold cavity. The core pin defines an inner surface of the optical obturator. In particular, the core pin may be cantilevered to the injection mold. The method further includes injecting a first material between the core pin and the mold cavity to form the tubular shaft and injecting a second material between a distal portion of the core pin and a distal portion of the mold cavity to form the optical tip.

Abstract: A cannula having a coupling force and fixing force between an expansion part and a needle is provided. The needle is formed in a cylinder shape having a predetermined length, and includes a coupling means, which is formed at the outer surface thereof, and is inserted into the expansion part such that the coupling force can increase by the friction with the expansion part during adhesion, wherein the coupling means includes: a groove part formed, in an insertion region of the needle inserted into the expansion part, by the melting of the outer surface of the needle through laser machining so as to have a predetermined depth; and a protrusion part protruding in the outward direction of the needle so as to be connected to the groove part.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cannula assembly having a tube with an internal lumen, a proximal end portion and a distal end portion configured for insertion into a patient. The cannula assembly further includes a housing rotatably coupled to the tube between a closed position and one or more open positions. The housing contains an electronic component comprising an image transmission device, such as a camera, for collecting and receiving images of the surgical site. The housing is adapted to provide the image transmission device with a longitudinal or forward view when the housing is in the closed position and a transverse view (i.e., offset from the longitudinal axis) when the housing is in one of the open positions. The housing is disposed distal to the proximal end portion and proximal to the distal end portion of the tube to protect the image transmission device as the distal end portion creates an incision and/or passes through an existing incision in the patient.

Abstract: A minimally invasive system using a surgical robot as a three-dimensional printer for fabrication of biological tissues inside the body of a subject. A preoperative plan is used to direct and control both the motion of the robot and the robotic bio-ink extrusion. The robotic motion is coordinated with the ink extrusion to form layers having the desired thickness and dimensions, and use of different types of ink enables composite elements to be laid down. Such systems have a small diameter bio-ink ejecting mechanism, generally in the form of a piston driven cannula, enabling access to regions such as joints, with limited space. The robotic control is programmed such that angular motion takes place around a pivot point at the point of insertion into the subject. The bio-inks can be stored in predetermined layers in the cannula to enable sequential dispensing from one cannula.

Abstract: An arthroscopic surgery device for delivering a therapeutic formulation into a cartilage of an articular joint, wherein the device comprises: a flexible tubular delivery arm, comprising one or more internal channels for carrying the therapeutic formulation; a flexible external sleeve enveloping the delivery arm lengthwise; a pliable cup attached to an end of the delivery arm, for covering a cartilage part where the therapeutic formulation is to be delivered, arranged such that by outwards axial displacement of the delivery arm in respect to the external sleeve, the cup moves from inside to outside of the external sleeve, expanding the cup. The device may comprise a flexible internal sleeve between the delivery arm and the external sleeve, such that the flexible internal sleeve envelops the delivery arm lengthwise. The arthroscopic surgery device may be also used for extracting fluid from an articular cavity.

Abstract: A removal tool uses magnetic attraction to guide the removal tool toward an implantable device subcutaneously implanted in subcutaneous tissue of a host and to remove the implantable device from the host. The removal tool may include first and second lever members that are pivotably connected together, and the first and second lever members include a pair of jaw members configured to move between open and closed positions to grasp the implantable device. The first jaw member may include a magnet to magnetically attract and couple to an implantable device implanted subcutaneously below a skin surface of a host.

Abstract: A soft tapping device for preparing a bone hole that includes a substantially cylindrical insert that is sized to enter into a compressed woven retention device. The substantially cylindrical insert has protrusions that are adaptable to expand portions of a compressed woven retention device inside the bone hole. The substantially cylindrical insert is also configured to exit from the compressed woven retention device without changing the expanded portions of the compressed woven retention device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an “extension ready” spinal support system that enables the extension to be accomplished with minimal disturbance to an existing spinal support structure to which the extension system is coupled. In some embodiments, the existing spinal support rod and pedicle screws can remain intact while extension subassemblies are mounted directly to the existing base rod receptacles. The extension subassemblies include a skirt portion that surrounds and engages the existing base receptacle to prevent splaying of the base receptacle. Additional resistance to splaying may be provided by forming a canted thread arrangement between the skirt and the base receptacle. In some embodiments, the extension receptacle presents a low profile (i.e., shortened axial length from the base rod receptacle) is fabricated with a monoaxial rotation structure that rotates about but does not pitch relative to the extension axis and is shorter relative to polyaxial rotation structures.

Abstract: A system for restricting spinal flexion includes a compliance member having a body and an elongation limit. The body typically comprises a spring or other tension element which provides elastic constraint to the spinal segment when the compliance member is attached to the spinous processes. The elongation limit prevents overextension of the compliance member, thus reducing the likelihood that the patient will experience over flexion of the spinal segment and reducing the risk of placing excessive mechanical load on the compliance member.

Abstract: Various uses of fluoroalkenes, including tetrafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1336) in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents for integral skin foams are disclosed.

Abstract: A pectus bar pectus bar assembly can include a pectus bar and a stabilizer. The pectus bar can include a first portion including a first periphery and a second portion opposite the first portion. The stabilizer can include a stabilizer body including a recess engageable with the second portion. The stabilizer can also include a locking cam rotatable within the body to secure the stabilizer to the first portion.

Abstract: A skin status monitoring apparatus that includes one or more sensors for sensing the applied energy density to an operative site in real time based on one or more monitored variables is provided. Based on the sensed applied energy density, the applied power level of the cold plasma beam may be adjusted, such that, the applied energy density to the operative site remains within the beneficial range that achieves the desired physiological effect to the operative site. The skin status monitoring apparatus of the present disclosure may be coupled to a distal end of an electrosurgical device capable of generating cold plasma.

Abstract: An electrosurgical method and device for simultaneously cutting and coagulating tissue with an electrosurgical device having an electrode and a channel wherein said channel has a port near a proximal end of said electrode, wherein the method comprises the steps of causing an inert gas to flow through said channel and exit said port, applying high-frequency energy to said electrode while said inert gas flows through said channel, wherein said high-frequency energy applied to said electrode continuously plasmatizes inert gas exiting said port, initiating an electrical discharge from said electrode through said continuously plasmatized inert gas to said tissue, cutting tissue with said electrode, maintaining said electrical discharge from said electrode through said plasmatized inert gas while cutting tissue with said electrode to cause coagulation of said tissue simultaneously with said cutting.

Abstract: Provided is an end effector enabling the grasping of tissue and plasma radiation to tissue. This end effector comprises: a grasping member for grasping tissue; and a plasma generation mechanism capable of generating plasma. A pulling means is connected to the plasma generation mechanism, and by operation of the connected pulling means, grasping of tissue by the grasping means is achieved. The plasma generation means is configured so as to enable plasma to be radiated at the position where the grasping member grasps tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical instrument having an electrode with a polymeric dielectric coating; and an electrosurgical generator, which includes a power converter configured to generate RF energy; a sensor coupled to the power converter and configured to sense a parameter of the RF energy; and a controller coupled to the sensor and the power converter. The controller is configured to control the power converter to output an RF waveform to achieve conductor breakthrough through the polymeric dielectric coating. The controller is further configured to determine whether the conductor breakthrough occurred based on the parameter; and execute a treatment algorithm based on a determination of the conductor breakthrough.

Abstract: A medical device and a treatment method, in which energy is accurately applied to a target site by suppressing a positional displacement between an expansion body and a biological tissue. The medical device includes an elongated shaft portion and an expansion body disposed in a distal portion of the shaft portion and configured to expand and contract in a radial direction. The expansion body includes a holding portion having a proximal side holding portion and a distal side holding portion configured to hold the biological tissue, and a movable portion configured to open and close the holding portion.

Abstract: A medical device is disclosed which can suppress torsion of a wire in a circumferential direction in an expansion body formed using the wire. The medical device includes an elongated shaft portion, and an expansion body disposed in a distal portion of the shaft portion, the expansion body configured to expand and contract in a radial direction. The expansion body has wire portions in which a distal portion and a proximal portion are linked with the shaft portion, and a holding portion formed using at least one of the wire portions, and holding a biological tissue. At least one of a proximal side and a distal side of the holding portion has an opening portion formed using a wire portion or formed using a plurality of the wire portions. When the expansion body expands, the wire portion forming the holding portion faces the opening portion.

Abstract: Unintended current flow or plasma discharge has been observed in known illuminated electrosurgical devices having a metallic tubular heat sink surrounding a conductive electrode and an illumination element, and having a distal outer edge that abuts against the light emitting element. An insulating, shielding or other isolating element that prevents or discourages unintended plasma formation between the distal outer edge and nearby patient tissue can reduce the potential for tissue damage to a patient or injury to a surgeon.

Abstract: A probe for treating shoulders and other joints has a working end which includes a first element for cutting soft tissue, a second element for applying RF energy to tissue, and a third element for cutting or burring bone. The probe is introduced to a working space in a patient's joint, such as the patient's subacromial space, typically under endoscopic viewing. Soft tissue is cut with the first element. Radiofrequency energy is applied with the second element to ablate or cauterize tissue, while bone maybe burred with the third element. Successive treatments steps are performed by reorienting the treatment device in situ with removal or withdrawal of the working end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ablating tissue are disclosed that comprise positioning two or more bi-directional ablation energy sources in spaced-apart relation in sufficient proximity to the tissue to be ablated so that, upon activation each energy source creates an energy field in the tissue to be ablated. The energy sources are spaced such that the energy fields created by at least one of the activated sources partially overlaps with the energy field created by one or more of the other energy sources. The energy sources are alternately activated and deactivated, so that a substantially constant energy field results where the energy fields created by at least two of the energy sources overlap. While the energy sources are preferably RF energy sources, other energy sources, such as microwave, may be used.

Abstract: A surgical system includes an end effector assembly having first and second jaw members, a generator, and one or more machine learning applications. The first and/or second jaw member is movable relative to the other from a spaced-apart position to an approximated position for grasping tissue therebetween. The jaw members are configured to conduct energy therebetween and through tissue grasped therebetween. The generator includes an energy output configured to supply energy to the jaw members, a main controller configured to control the energy output, and sensor circuitry configured to sense impedance and/or power. The machine learning application(s) is configured to determine a type of tissue grasped between the first and second jaw members based upon the impedance and/or power sensed by the sensor circuitry.

Abstract: A system for treatment of a target region of lung tissue including: a flow regulator configured to be interposed between a conductive fluid source and a conductive fluid outlet positionable at or in proximity of the target region of lung tissue, the flow regulator being further configured for controlling a flow rate or a bolus quantity of conductive fluid coming from the fluid source and delivered to the conductive fluid outlet; and a controller communicatively connectable with said flow regulator and with at least one sensor, with the at least one sensor being configured for detecting values taken by at least one control parameter representative of a physical property, wherein the physical property is one of temperature (T), pressure (p), electric impedance (Z), or electric conductivity (C) of material present at or in proximity of the target region of lung tissue.

Abstract: A radiofrequency denervation device with a needle and an electrode to achieve radiofrequency denervation of the sacroiliac joint. The needle is substantially rigid with a sharp tip and a gauge sufficient to navigate through tissue and a tip comprising an inactive portion and a radiofrequency active portion for producing lesions in tissue. The tip is disposed in a helical formation concentric with a longitudinal axis of the needle that communicates over an arcuate path with an angle of attack. Radiofrequency denervation can be performed within patient tissue by rotating the tip of the needle in a screw-like motion in a first rotational direction to advance through tissue to achieve a position with the active portion of the tip substantially parallel to a surface of the sacrum and actuating the active portion to produce a lesion. Repositioning and further lesioning can be achieved by selective rotation and actuation of the tip.

Abstract: A system for treating uterine tissue having a seal assembly configured for positioning in a patient's cervical canal and uterine cavity; an expandable distal balloon portion; an expandable elongate medial balloon portion configured for movement between a first transversely expanded shape for engaging a cervical canal and a second transversely non-expanded shape for trans-cervical insertion; and a fluid source in communication with distal balloon portion and medial balloon portion for expansion of said balloon portions.

Abstract: A treatment method and medical device for enhancing peristalsis are provided. The treatment method comprises enhancing the peristaltic movement of the gastrointestinal tract by performing a treatment to reduce the activity of the autonomic nerve in a blood vessel V having a surrounding nerve Sa innervating the gastrointestinal tract of the patient.

Abstract: A medical device is disclosed which can suppress torsion of a wire in a circumferential direction in an expansion body formed using the wire. A medical device is disclosed, which enlarges a biological tissue. The medical device includes an elongated shaft portion and an expansion body disposed in a distal portion of the shaft portion. The expansion body has a wire portion configured to expand and contract in a radial direction, and a torsion restriction portion that restricts movement of the wire portion in a circumferential direction of the expansion body.

Abstract: Helical push wire electrodes are provided. The electrodes may create a continuous helical lesion. One or more electrodes may wind around a support section and create a set of helixes having fixed ends and hitches. Pushing or pulling an end of the electrode transforms the electrodes between a delivery configuration and a deployed configuration such that the set of helixes expand or contract axially. Different portions of the electrodes may be surrounded by sleeves. The sleeves may regulate how the wires transform and provide insulation. Various insulation configurations of the electrodes may provide creations of discrete lesions, efficient energy delivery and reduced power consumption.

Abstract: A microwave ablation system includes a first cannula, a trocar insertable through the first cannula and configured to facilitate insertion of the first cannula into a target tissue, and a microwave antenna assembly configured to interlock with the first cannula, the microwave antenna assembly including a coaxial feedline having a radiating section formed thereon, the microwave antenna configured to be inserted into the first cannula. The microwave ablation system further includes an actuator operatively connected to one of the first cannula or microwave antenna assembly. Operation of the actuator between a first position and a second position exposes the radiating section of the microwave antenna assembly from a distal portion of the first cannula.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus and methods for performing a piotomy on a mammal comprising: performing a craniotomy to remove the skull and expose dura mater; removing the dura mater and arachnoid mater to expose subarachnoid space; and performing a piotomy using a laser to create a hole and expose the cerebral cortex.

Abstract: There is provided a process for treatment of rhinitis by diode laser ablation of the posterior nasal nerves. The laser diode delivery device with elongated optic tip is inserted through a patient's nostril and has the length, flexibility and a curvature to reach both above and under the patient's middle turbinate for treatment to both posterior nasal nerves. Skin and tissue temperature is raised to approximately 60-65° C. with the process. Optimal treatment wavelength was found to be approximately 940 nanometers.

Abstract: An ablation planning system includes a user interface (104) configured to permit selection of inputs for planning an ablation procedure. The user interface is further configured to incorporate selection of ablation probes and one or more combinations of ablation powers, durations or parameters applicable to selected probes in the inputs to size the ablation volumes. The user interface includes a display for rendering internal images of a patient, the display permitting visualizations of the ablation volumes for different entry points on the internal images. An optimization engine (106) is coupled to the user interface to receive the inputs and is configured to output an optimized therapy plan which includes spatial ablation locations and temporal information for ablation so that collateral damage is reduced, coverage area is maximized and critical structures are avoided in a planned target volume.

Abstract: A method for providing 3-dimensional deformity corrections for bones, said method comprising the steps of: acquiring an image of a bone of interest; acquiring contour points and landmark points, in a 2-dimensional co-ordinate system; obtaining a 3-dimensional deformed bone comprised in the foon of a mesh with mesh parameters; and obtaining initial anatomical regions, axes, landmarks, and parameters from said acquired contour points and landmark points; computing correction values and correction angles based on proximal anatomical axis (pSRL), distal anatomical axis (dSRL), proximal mechanical axis (pJRL), and/or distal mechanical axis (dJRL); applying torsional correction and/or angular correction based on said computed correction values, said computed correction angles, and pre-defined criteria; to obtain a simulated corrected bone model with at least one of corrected anatomical regions, landmarks, axes, and parameters, said correction being provided in terms of one of torsional and or bending deformity corr

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for evaluating a patient with vascular disease. One method includes receiving patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's vasculature; creating an anatomic model representing at least a portion of a location of disease in the patient's vasculature based on the received patient-specific data; identifying one or more changes in geometry of the anatomic model based on a modeled progression or regression of disease at the location; calculating one or more values of a blood flow characteristic within the patient's vasculature using a computational model based on the identified one or more changes in geometry of the anatomic model; and generating an electronic graphical display of a relationship between the one or more values of the calculated blood flow characteristic and the identified one or more changes in geometry of the anatomic model.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods related to guiding robotic surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and computer-readable media and computer systems executing the methods. They may include receiving a series of cross-sectional slices of 3D space obtained from an OCT probe over biological tissue and processing and filtering the series of slices. The processing and filtering may include spatially smoothing the intensity values of each slice, thresholding each slice after it has been blurred, performing a connected-component analysis to identify blobs on the thresholded slice, filtering the blobs, performing edge detection, and invoking a selective median filter. The processing and filtering can be used to construct a depth map from the received series of cross-sectional slices in order to guide a robotic end effector, based on the depth map.

Abstract: A navigation system is disclosed which comprises a tracker having a trackable feature, a localizer configured to track states of the trackable feature within a field of view, an illumination assembly operable to direct light within the field of view, and a controller coupled to the localizer and to the illumination assembly. The controller is configured to receive the tracked states from the localizer, to determine a status condition of the tracker based on the tracked states received from the localizer, and to control the illumination assembly to direct light at the tracker such that light reflected by the tracker from the illumination assembly is visible to a user of the navigation system to communicate the status condition of the tracker.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a system for managing optical gear module in conjunction with a medical imaging device, according to a predefined set of conditional events. The medical imaging device disclosed herein can comprise two section members directly connected to a rigid scope. Said two section members may be an elongated rigid shaft tube and a distal tip. The distal tip can comprise an optical gear module required for some medical procedures. In some cases, at least one optical gear modules are located in the distal tip, each optical gear module can comprise a camera comprises a lens assembly and a sensor and light sources required for the camera functioning. The disclosed system can detect video signal/s captured by at least one of the cameras associated with the at least one of the optical gear modules. In some cases, upon detecting a video signal, the system may identify if the rigid scope position either outside or inside the patient body.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.