Abstract: A method and system for removing ground clutter data from time series data are provided. The method comprises receiving first time series data, dividing the first time series data into a plurality of subsets of first time series data, applying a first regression filter to each respective subset first time series data of the plurality of subsets of first time series data to generate a plurality of regression filtered subsets of first time series data, and concatenating the plurality of regression filtered subsets of first time series data to generate a regression filtered first time series data.

Abstract: A positioning sensor includes m receiving antennas connected to a feeder circuit and n variable loads, and a receiver that receives a first signal via the m receiving antennas. The positioning sensor further includes a memory that stores a first signal strength value of a first signal that the receiver receives when a variable load varies in value, and a processor that calculates a second signal strength value from a complex propagation channel, searches for a complex propagation channel candidate that has a minimum difference between a first signal strength and a second signal strength, determines the complex propagation channel candidate to be a complex propagation channel when the receiver receives the first signal, and estimates an incoming direction of the first signal from the determined complex propagation channel.

Abstract: In some examples, a radar system includes phase-locked loop (PLL) circuitry configured to generate a control voltage signal and processing circuitry configured to generate a reference signal to drive the PLL circuitry to generate the control voltage signal. In some examples, the radar system also includes voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuitry configured to generate radio-frequency (RF) signals based on the control voltage signal and one or more antennas configured to transmit the RF signals and receive returned RF signals. In some examples, the radar system further includes receiver circuitry configured to generate intermediate-frequency (IF) signals based on the returned RF signals, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to detect an object based on the IF signals.

Abstract: An FMWC radar sensor for motor vehicles, having a high-frequency oscillator, which is developed to generate a frequency-modulated transmit signal that has a periodically repeating series of modulation sequences having different modulation patterns, and having an evaluation device for evaluating the received radar echo according to the FMCW principle, wherein the series of the modulation sequences includes a special class of modulation sequences whose duration is longer than that of any other modulation sequence not belonging to this class and whose frequency swing is smaller than that of any other modulation sequence, and the evaluation device is developed to carry out a measurement of the ego velocity of the vehicle on the basis of a radar echo that is received from non-moving objects during the modulation sequences that belong to the special class.

Abstract: An estimation apparatus of the present disclosure includes a same-object point information acquiring section, a candidate estimating section, and a direction estimating section. The candidate estimating section estimates, as a candidate direction, a direction that is matched with an arbitrary horizontal direction upon determining that the relative speeds gradually decrease along the arbitrary horizontal direction. The candidate estimating section estimates, as the candidate direction, an opposite direction of the arbitrary horizontal direction upon determining that the relative speeds gradually increases along the arbitrary horizontal direction. The direction estimating section estimates a moving direction of the same object based on the candidate direction.

Abstract: Disclosed here are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments for track association. An embodiment operates by receiving a first set of track identification data from a first tracking system. The first set of track identification data is associated with a global track identifier (GID). The first set of track identification data associated with the GID is broadcasted to the first tracking system and a second tracking system. A second set of track identification data is received from the second tracking system. The second set of track identification data identifies any tracks of the second tracking system that match the first set of track identification data. The GID is associated with the second set of track identification data.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses are described that enable low-power radar. The described techniques enable a radar system to reduce overall power consumption, thereby facilitating incorporation and utilization of the radar system within power-limited devices. Power consumption is reduced through customization of the transmission or processing of radar signals within the radar system. During transmission, different duty cycles, transmit powers, or framing structures can be utilized to collect appropriate data based on detected activity in an external environment. During processing, different hardware or different radar pipelines can be utilized to appropriately analyze the radar data. Instead of disabling the radar system, the described techniques enable the radar system to continuously monitor a dynamic environment and maintain responsiveness while conserving power.

Abstract: There is provided methods and device for imaging objects comprising unsupervised classifying and data analyzing of the object to detect and identify the structure of the object and further display the object's structure underlying structure, for example the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of the object by using a location module configured to record the physical location of an antenna array.

Abstract: A radar image processing method includes acquiring captured images from radars synchronized to perform beamforming on a same point at a same time, synthesizing the captured images based on at least one overlapping area of the captured images, and generating a high-resolution image based on the synthesized images.

Abstract: Object detection systems are provided herein. An example system includes an enclosure formed by a sidewall to define an interaction volume, at least one light source for illuminating the interaction volume with a light, at least one light sensor that senses disturbances in light intensity due to scattering, reflection, or absorption of the light by objects within the interaction volume, and a controller that is configured to detect an object or object behavior within interaction volume based on the disturbances in the light intensity. The objection detection system may also include a trigger volume and/or a sorting volume.

Abstract: A TOF camera for determining a distance to an object comprising: a radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the object, radiation-sensitive sensor elements configured and arranged to detect the electromagnetic radiation reflected/scattered by the object, an optical element arranged to influence the emitted electromagnetic radiation in the radiation path of the reflected/scattered electromagnetic radiation between the object and the sensor elements, a computing unit electrically connected to the radiation source and sensor elements configured to determine a time duration required by the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source to the object; from the object to the sensor elements; and to determine the distance between the TOF camera and the object depending on the time duration determined.

Abstract: An optical assembly, for receiving light waves, includes a receiving optical system for focusing at least one incoming light wave onto a surface of a detector for detecting the at least one light wave, at least one diffractive optical element with a planar extension being situated between the receiving optical system and the detector, and the at least one diffractive optical element including a surface with a surface structure with at least one optical function. Furthermore, a LIDAR device includes an optical assembly of this type.

Abstract: A self position estimation apparatus according to an embodiment includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire map data, and a calculation unit configured to calculate a correspondence weight between observation data on a region around the moving object and the map data, based on a variation amount of depth in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling an autonomous vehicle with a processor that controls operation, includes operating a Doppler LIDAR system to collect point cloud data that indicates for each point at least four dimensions including an inclination angle, an azimuthal angle, a range, and relative speed between the point and the LIDAR system. A value of a property of an object in the point cloud is determined based on only three or fewer of the at least four dimensions. In some of embodiments, determining the value of the property of the object includes isolating multiple points in the point cloud data which have high value Doppler components. A moving object within the plurality of points is determined based on a cluster by azimuth and Doppler component values.

Abstract: A data recovery device configured to store data onboard a hypersonic vehicle travelling at hypersonic speeds. The data recovery device is released from the hypersonic vehicle upon a release command or an anomalous event. Upon release, the data recovery device is configured to receive Global Positioning System (GPS) position data and configured to broadcast the GPS position data in short bursts during decent to a surface of the Earth and upon impact with the surface of the Earth to aid in recovery of the data recovery device.

Abstract: Provided are a signal processing device for X-ray analysis and an adjustment method for a signal processing device for X-ray analysis, which are capable of performing correction of a time constant with high precision and simply and quickly performing adjustment work required for performing the correction. The signal processing device for X-ray analysis includes: a differentiating circuit configured to use a first time constant to convert a signal output from an X-ray detector into an analog differential wave; an AD converter configured to convert the analog differential wave into a digital differential wave; a waveform shaping digital filter configured to use a second time constant to shape the digital differential wave; and a histogram generation unit configured to acquire a feature value of a shaped waveform based on pulse heights in two regions of the shaped waveform, to generate a histogram representing an acquisition frequency for each feature value.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus for supplying power in a non-contact manner includes a power reception coil disposed inside a housing together with a radiation detector and a detector contact conductive member, and configured to receive electric energy to be supplied to the radiation detector in a non-contact manner from a power feeding coil disposed outside the housing. The power reception coil is disposed in a second range including a first range in which the detector contact conductive member is formed in the normal direction (y direction) to an incident surface of the radiation detector where the radiation is incident so that an orientation of the center of a generated magnetic flux coincides with an in-plane direction (x direction) of the incident surface and coincides with a direction toward the radiation detector.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a switching element disposed on a substrate; a photoelectric conversion element connected to the switching element; a first protective film directly covering the photoelectric conversion element; and a first organic film formed at a layer above the switching element, the first organic film being in contact with the first protective film, wherein the first organic film covers a first end portion of the photoelectric conversion element, the first end portion being at least a part of an end portion of the photoelectric conversion element, wherein the first organic film has a first covering portion at an end of the first organic film, wherein the first covering portion covers the first end portion, wherein the first covering portion is inclined down towards the photoelectric conversion element, and wherein the first organic film covers only the first end portion of the photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A structured dental x-ray detector implements an array of holes or channels filled with at least one of polycrystalline, amorphous, or nano-particle semiconductor x-ray or gamma ray converter materials. Readout electronics are configured for acquiring and analyzing signals from the detector; e.g., operating in a signal integration or photon detecting mode, or in a photon detecting mode with energy resolution. In dental application, a protective shell or frame can be provided to encapsulate the detector and readout electronics, with a wired or wireless communications link to a computer system configured for image data post-processing and storage of the readout signals, with an electronic display for the image data.

Abstract: Radiation detectors and methods of use thereof that produce more accurate results. A region of the radiation detector is covered by a conversion layer. A reference region is covered by a light barrier material such as a metal, and not the conversion layer. The reference region incurs less radiation damage than the region under the conversion layer. The dark current produced by the reference region can be used to more accurately calibrate the detector, provide real time normalization of the current produced by the conversion layer region, and determine when the detector has been damaged sufficiently to be replaced.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a pixel portion in which a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a conversion element configured to convert radiation into charge, are arranged in a matrix, a driving circuit configured to drive a plurality of driving lines and a processing unit configured to process a signal from the pixel portion. The driving circuit performs a reset operation in which the conversion elements of the plurality of pixels are repetitively reset. The pixel portion includes rows in which the pixels have been divided into a plurality of groups. The conversion elements of the plurality of groups are reset at different timings in the reset operation, and the processing unit corrects, by using a signal of a pixel of another group, a signal of a pixel of a group with data deficiency caused by the reset operation.

Abstract: A housing for shielding a sensor from a radiofrequency field and an imaging system including the same are provided in the present disclosure. The imaging system may include a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. The housing may include a plurality of walls forming at least a part of a cavity for accommodating a sensor of the imaging system. At least one of the plurality of walls may include a substrate and a multi-layered structure disposed on the substrate. The multi-layered structure may include a plurality of metallic layers. At least one pair of adjacent layers of the plurality of metallic layers may include slits. The slits of the at least one pair of adjacent layers may be staggered.

Abstract: Time of flight (TOF) corrections for radiation detector elements of a TOF positron emission tomography (TOF PET) scanner are generated by solving an over-determined set of equations defined by calibration data acquired by the TOF PET scanner from a point source located at an isocenter of the TOF PET scanner, suitably represented as matrix equation at ?t=CS where ?t represents TOF time differences, C is a relational matrix encoding the radiation detector elements, and S represents the TOF corrections. A pseudo-inverse C?1 of relational matrix C may be computed to solve S=C?1 ?t. TOF corrections can be generated for a particular type of detector unit by identifying the radiation detector elements in C by detector unit. Further, multi-photon triggering time stamps can be adjusted to first-photon triggering based on ?{square root over (P1/Pm)} where P1 is average photon count using first-photon triggering and Pm is a photon count using multi-photon triggering.

Abstract: A method for identifying seismic horizons in digitized seismic images includes deploying a swarm of agents at an initial position in a seismic image to be analyzed, where the swarm of agents includes picking agents that define a direction for the swarm and averaging agents that smooth the direction of the swarm, identifying a direction to follow in the seismic image for each picking agent, and advancing each picking agent in the identified direction, and averaging, by the averaging agents, the directions identified by the picking agents, wherein if an information concentration measured by a picking agent at a current time step is greater than a previous time step, the picking agent keeps a previous direction, otherwise the picking agent changes direction according to the average current state of the set of averaging agents within its neighborhood.

Abstract: A method of continuous seismic reservoir monitoring includes receiving a plurality of seismic data sets associated with a reservoir during a period, where the plurality of seismic data sets corresponds to seismic data received at different times during the period. The reservoir includes a plurality of reflectors, where each reflector has a reflection coefficient. For each of the plurality of seismic data sets, the reflection coefficients of the plurality of reflectors are determined by iteratively updating common focus point (CFP) operators associated with the plurality of reflectors and a plurality of acquisition surface locations. The reflection coefficients corresponding to different seismic data sets are compared to determine changes of the reflection coefficients during the period. The changes of the reflection coefficients are displayed.

Abstract: A surface-consistent refraction analysis automatically derives near surface corrections during seismic data processing. Residual time lags are evaluated in multiple CMP-offset-azimuth bins by similarity analysis with a pilot trace where a correlation window is centered at the refracted arrival. The similarity analysis may take the form of computerized cross-correlation, or other criteria such as semblance. The residuals are then used to build a system of linear equations that is simultaneously inverted for surface-consistent shot and receiver time shift corrections plus a possible subsurface residual term. The refraction analysis steps are completely automated and require a fraction of the time needed for conventional near surface analysis.

Abstract: A geomorphological structure monitoring system is disclosed, which comprises a supporting base having an accommodating space and a plurality of through holes, and at least a portion of the supporting base is embedded under a ground; a plurality of sensing devices arranged in the accommodating space vertically and embedded under the ground, the sensing devices may generate a sensing signal when the sensing devices are exposed from the ground due to the structural change of the ground; a signal processing device receiving and processing the sensing signal; and a transmission device connecting the sensing devices in series and the signal processing device.

Abstract: Apparatus having a focused transducer and methods of operating a focused transducer downhole in a well can provide high resolution downhole imaging. In various embodiments, a focused transducer is used for imaging downhole in a well in which the imaging is based on a seismoelectric effect. In various embodiments, a focused transducer is used for imaging downhole in a well in which the imaging is based on an electroacoustic effect. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and a method for predicting a performance of a well is provided. In one example, the method includes determining a number of conductive pixels from a histogram of micro-resistivity values measured by a logging tool from a section of a well at a certain depth, calculating a ratio of the conductive pixels to a total number of pixels in the histogram and deriving a porosity-independent permeability indicator for the section at the certain depth based on the ratio and a fluid mobility value from a formation tester.

Abstract: A system and method of correcting induction logging data for relative dip, wherein an induction logging tool is utilized to collect initial induction logging data at a plurality of frequencies. The initial induction logging data is then corrected for skin effect and borehole effect, after which, inversion is performed on the processed induction logging data to determine a dip effect correction. The dip effect correction is then applied to the initial induction logging data in order to yield induction logging data that is dip corrected to reflect a zero relative dip. Once dip corrected, the induction logging data can be used with resistivity methodologies generally designed for instances where no dip is present in the formation under analysis. In certain embodiments, the inversion step utilizes an additive correction for the dip effect correction.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for evaluation of an earth formation intersected by a borehole using a logging tool. Methods include making EM measurements on a single logging run while drilling using an EM tool on a tool string in a substantially horizontally aligned section of the borehole at a plurality of borehole depths; estimating, at each of the plurality of borehole depths, a true resistivity of a volume of interest of the formation in which the tool sits in substantially real time while on the single logging run while drilling.

Abstract: A method of creating a well image log of a cased well is provided. A passive cased well image logging tool assembly including a logging tool body, a plurality of gamma ray radiation sensor assemblies and a spatial positioning device is moved through at least a portion of the wellbore. Corrected gamma ray radiation data is vertically sampled. Based on the sampled data, a well image log is prepared. A passive cased well image logging tool assembly for use in a cased well is also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for well logging using radiation detection and/or emission of gamma rays. A method according to the disclosure includes collecting data from the subterranean formation using a nuclear density tool, wherein the nuclear density tool is configured to collect data to form an azimuthal image. The method further includes characterizing a section of the subterranean formation comprising data and images acquired in a high angle wellbore section, a horizontal wellbore section, or a combination thereof. The method additionally includes performing a parallel inversion using apparent densities and volumetric photoelectric factor images to build a formation model, wherein the parallel inversion comprises a high angle workflow that models high angle wellbore sections and a horizontal workflow that models horizontal wellbore sections.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an object. The system includes a processor, a capacitive sensor operatively linked to the processor, an RF reader, and an object with an embedded RFID tag. The sensing electrode of the capacitive sensor is made from a conductive paste. The RF reader is placed below the capacitive sensor and operatively linked to the processor. And the object is placed above the capacitive sensor. The detection ranges of the capacitive sensor and the RF reader overlap in space. And once the object enters the overlapped detection space, the capacitive sensor detects the object through capacitive coupling and the RF reader detects the object through reading the RFID tag. The use of conductive paste as touch electrode in the system not only substantially eliminates the bidirectional interference resulting from both capacitive sensing and RF identification, but also is convenient and sometimes cost effective.

Abstract: Techniques include receiving a design of an integrated computational element (ICE) including specification of a substrate and a plurality of layers, their respective target thicknesses and complex refractive indices, complex refractive indices of adjacent layers being different from each other, and a notional ICE fabricated in accordance with the ICE design being related to a characteristic of a sample; forming at least some of the layers of a plurality of ICEs in accordance with the ICE design using a deposition source, where the layers of the ICEs being formed are supported on a support that is periodically moved relative to the deposition source during the forming; monitoring characteristics of the layers of the ICEs during the forming, the monitoring of the characteristics being performed using a timing of the periodic motion of the support relative to the deposition source; and adjusting the forming based on results of the monitoring.

Abstract: Methods, computing systems, and computer-readable media for multi-scale modeling. The method includes determining a first matrix for a plurality of fine cells of a model based at least in part on a physical property value represented by respective fine cells, identifying one or more overlapped cells of the plurality of fine cells that are part of at least two of the plurality of subdomains, and determining a second matrix. Determining the second matrix includes determining an intermediate product by multiplying the first matrix by a prolongation matrix, which includes predicting a row of zeros in the intermediate product for the plurality of fine cells that are not the one or more overlapped cells and are not part of the at least two of the plurality of subdomains that include the one or more overlapped cells. Determining the second matrix also includes multiplying the intermediate product by a restriction matrix.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the intensification and weakening of tropical cyclones, including tropical storms and hurricanes. The method includes flying a UAV above the tropical cyclone for an extended period of time and detecting transitions in structure. Intensification to hurricane stage is indicated by core structure transition of the tropical cyclone to include the presence of an eye within an eyewall. The UAV can be a Global Hawk aircraft and include a number of sensors and detectors, such as a camera for providing images of the tropical cyclone, an infrared detector for detecting temperature changes in the eye structure, a radar detector for detecting wind magnitude and direction in the tropical cyclone, dropsonde sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction in the tropical cyclone, etc. The UAV can relay the vortex parameter data in real time to a satellite for subsequent downlinking to receiving stations.

Abstract: Materials comprising metamaterials exhibiting form-induced birefringence and anisotropic optical properties are provided. The disclosed articles comprise structures with critical dimensions which are on the order of or smaller than the wavelength for the gigahertz and terahertz spectral range. Methods of preparing same using stereolithography are disclosed. In a further aspect, the disclosed methods pertain to spectroscopic ellipsometry methods comprising a biaxial (orthorhombic) layer homogenization approach is to analyze the terahertz ellipsometric data obtained at three different sample azimuth orientations. The disclosed articles and methods demonstrate provide an avenue to fabricate metamaterials for the terahertz spectral range and allows tailoring of the polarizability and anisotropy of the host material. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is an article including a glass-ceramic substrate having a major surface, an optical coating is disposed on the major surface and forms an appearance-enhancing surface, the optical coating including a appearance-enhancing coating, and a scratch-resistant layer. The article exhibits a hardness of 8 GPa or more, and a photopic average diffuse light reflectance measured at the appearance-enhancing surface of one of: (i) about 0.3% or less; (ii) about 0.2% or less; (iii) about 0.1% or less, over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. Further, in the (L*, a*, b*) colorimetry system of the International Commission on Illumination, at near-normal incidence, the article comprises a diffuse reflectance dE* of one of: (i) about 3 or less; (ii) about 2 or less; or (iii) about 1 or less, where dE* is defined as dE*=sqrt(L*2+a*2+b*2).

Abstract: A primary object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate excellent in durability. A polarizing plate (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a polarizer (10); and a protective film (21 and 22) arranged on at least one side of the polarizer (10). The polarizing plate (100) has a dimensional change ratio of ?0.2% or more in a transmission axis direction thereof when the polarizing plate (100) cut into a size measuring 100 mm by 100 mm is bonded to a glass plate with a pressure-sensitive adhesive and the following operation is repeated 100 times: the polarizing plate (100) bonded to the glass plate is left to stand under an atmosphere at ?40° C. for 30 minutes and then left to stand under an atmosphere at 85° C. for 30 minutes.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a lens including an optical portion refracting light and a flange portion extending along a portion of a circumference of the optical portion, a blocking member disposed in front of the lens and having an opening to allow light to be incident on the lens, and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. The optical portion is noncircular and a portion of the blocking member facing the optical portion in an optical axis direction is located to be higher than a portion of the blocking member facing the flange portion in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical element driving mechanism, including a base, a holder, a frame and a light intensity adjusting assembly. The holder is movably connected to the base and carries the optical element, wherein the optical element has an opening and an optical axis so that light passes through the opening to the optical element. The frame is connected to the holder and the base. The light intensity adjusting assembly is disposed on the frame. The light intensity adjusting assembly includes a first shutter, a second shutter and a shutter driving member. The second shutter is disposed between the first shutter and the frame. The shutter driving member is disposed between the second shutter and the frame to drive the first shutter and the second shutter.

Abstract: The disclosed optical lens assemblies may include a pre-strained deformable element that exhibits a non-uniform mechanical strain or stress profile, a structural support element coupled to the pre-strained deformable element, and a deformable medium positioned between the pre-strained deformable element and the structural support element. Related head-mounted displays and methods of fabricating such optical lens assemblies are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lens assembly. The lens assembly, includes at least one lens having a central part used for imaging and an edge part around the central part; and a shading unit in the at least one lens. The edge part depresses from an image side surface to an object side surface and forms a concave part for positioning the shading unit. In addition, the present disclosure further discloses a lens module including the lens assembly mentioned above.

Abstract: A display substrate includes: a display region having an irregular edge portion; and a light-shielding area located around the display region; wherein: a pixel array is disposed in the display region; the pixel array includes outermost edge pixels of the irregular edge portion, and central pixel; each of the edge pixels includes at least one edge sub-pixel; each of the edge sub-pixels includes a light-shielding sub-region and a light-emitting sub-region arranged along a row direction; and the light-shielding sub-region is located at a side of each of the edge sub-pixels proximal to the light-shielding region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are display and photonic devices utilizing metasurfaces. An optical device comprising an optical component and an optical transmission medium is disclosed. A waveguide couples the optical component and the optical transmission medium. A metasurface is disposed on an end of the waveguide and arranged to increase an optical coupling between the waveguide and the optical transmission medium. Additionally, a display comprising a number of light emitting elements and a metasurface for each of the light emitting elements. The metasurface arranged to eliminate screen door effect in virtual reality display systems.

Abstract: Optical or light diffusers (or, simply, “diffusers”) designed and manufactured to include numerous facets arranged in cells or sets in which the planar faces or outward-facing surfaces have orientations and transmission angles (as may be defined by direction cosines of normal) to redirect received light to a region or portion of a predefined light distribution. A method of designing or defining the facets of the diffuser is also provides as are methods of manufacturing the diffusers and apparatus or products that include the new diffusers (such as microdisplays and lighting components). The diffusers are optically designed to produce a user-specified distribution of light. The diffusers can be engineered through the configuration of the facets on its front or outer surface (light transmission surface) to produce nearly any type of light distribution or shape, and the diffuser design facilitates their manufacture using extrusion processes as well as other fabrication techniques.

Abstract: The light source device of the projection display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: solid-state light sources that individually emit blue light, green light, and red light; a plurality of dichroic mirrors that combine the blue light, the green light, and the red light having exited from the solid-state light sources; a first diffusion plate on which the combined light having been combined by the plurality of dichroic mirrors is incident; a dynamic diffusion plate that is disposed at a position at which the combined light having exited from the first diffusion plate converges and starts to diverge.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention relate to apparatuses, systems, and methods for blocking, attenuating, or filtering neuroactive wavelengths of the visible light spectrum and reducing or preventing the symptoms affiliated with exposure to those wavelengths. Nanoparticles of a predetermined composition, size, and structure are dispersed in a host medium to create an optical notch filter, thereby attenuating only a narrow range of the visible spectrum.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to multilayer films including hidden fluorescent features. The present disclosure includes a multilayer optical film including an isotropic multilayer optical film having first and second opposed major surfaces. The isotropic multilayer optical film reflects at least 50% of a light that is at least one of ultraviolet light or visible light, having an incident angle less than a cutoff angle from normal to the first major surface of the isotropic multilayer optical film, wherein the cutoff angle is in a range from 10° to 70°. The isotropic multilayer optical film allows at least 50% of the light having an incident angle of more than the cutoff angle from normal to the first major surface of the isotropic multilayer optical film to pass through the isotropic multilayer optical film. The isotropic multilayer optical film includes a marking on the second major surface of the isotropic multilayer optical film, the marking including at least one fluorescent compound.