Abstract: A vessel rinsing apparatus including a mounting base, a fluid discharge member including a plurality of nozzles, a valve member operably coupled to the fluid discharge member and configured to control water flow through the nozzles, and an escutcheon supported by the mounting base.

Abstract: An illustrated top view of an exemplary footwear outsole cleaner for cleaning a bottom of a footwear is presented. The footwear outsole cleaner is useful for cleaning the bottom of footwear when the footwear has snow, dirt, mud or any other substance adhered to the outsole of the footwear. The footwear outsole cleaner has a top. The top has a first footwear position, a second footwear position, a first cleaner, a second cleaner, a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator. The first and second cleaners for scrubbing the adhered material from the bottom of the footwear. Activating the first or second cleaner or both cleaners to move and have the adhering material removed. A funnel for directing the adhered material to a receptacle A fan is provided to help provide suction of the adhered material to the receptacle.

Abstract: An automatic and currentless dirt remover for collecting dirt from the area surrounding the dirt remover, having a dirt-collecting body and a rolling-action sheath body, which defines a receiving space for receiving the dirt-collecting body. The sheath body has a lattice design and openings for providing external access to the dirt-collecting body, which has a surface that collects the dirt.

Abstract: A surface-mount device platform includes a surface-mounting region, a connection region, and a bendable region therebetween, each including a respective part of a base substrate. The base substrate includes electrically-conductive layers interspersed with electrically-insulating build-up layers. Each of the surface-mounting region, the connection region, and the bendable region spans between a bottom substrate-surface and a top substrate-surface of the base substrate. The surface-mounting region further includes an electrically-insulating first top rigid-layer, and device bond-pads exposed on a top surface of the first top rigid-layer facing away from the top substrate-surface in the surface-mounting region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an endoscopic image processing method and system, and a computer device. The method can include acquiring a current endoscopic image of a to-be-examined user, and predicting the current endoscopic image by using a deep convolutional network based on a training parameter. The training parameter can be determined according to at least one first endoscopic image and at least one second endoscopic image transformed from the at least one first endoscopic image, where the at least one endoscopic image corresponds to a human body part. The method can further include determining an organ category corresponding to the current endoscopic image. The method provided in the present disclosure can make a prediction process more intelligent and more robust, thereby improving resource utilization of a processing apparatus.

Abstract: An movement assistance system includes a processor. The processor detects a position in picked-up images of an image of an image pickup target, causes a memory to store the position, estimates a change in the position of the image pickup target, estimates the position of the image pickup target and performs control for causing a display apparatus to display an estimation result of the position of the image pickup target, when detecting a disappearance state in which the image of the image pickup target is not detected, and performs control for causing the display apparatus not to display the estimation result of the position of the image pickup target when detecting, after the image pickup target is brought into the disappearance state, that a position indicated by the estimation result of the position of the image pickup target is a position inside an output determination region.

Abstract: Provided are a training data collection apparatus, a training data collection method, and a program that easily collect training data for use in training of a model that discriminates a lesion from an endoscopic image, a training system, a trained model, and an endoscopic image processing apparatus. Endoscopic images are associated with respective pieces of findings-diagnosis information. When the endoscopic images and the respective piece of findings-diagnosis information that are associated with each other are recorded in a recording apparatus as training data for use in training of a model that discriminates a lesion from an endoscopic image, the endoscopic images associated with the respective pieces of findings-diagnosis information are classified into corresponding groups of the respective pieces of findings-diagnosis information. The endoscopic images are displayed and switched on a group-by-group basis by using tabs.

Abstract: A method (300) for obtaining images using an imaging device (100), comprising: obtaining (320), using an imager (10), an oral image (90); determining (330), by a sensor (70), an orientation of the imaging device; extracting (340), by a controller (30), one or more features (90?) from the obtained image comprising at least an image quality feature and an object recognition feature; determining (350), by the controller, whether the extracted features satisfy a predetermined feature threshold; calculating (360), by the controller if the extracted features do not satisfy the predetermined feature threshold, a physical adjustment of the imaging device required to satisfy the predetermined feature threshold, based on the extracted features and the determined orientation of the imaging device; and providing (370), via a user interface (60), feedback to a user regarding the obtained image, wherein the feedback comprises instructions to implement the calculated physical adjustment required to satisfy the predetermined

Abstract: An objective is to achieve an endoscope in which a distal part of an insertion unit has a reduced diameter, yet the endoscope has good pushability so that buckling at the distal part can be avoided. This endoscope is provided with: an imaging unit having a lens and an imaging element; a resin tube which extends from the imaging unit to the proximal side opposite the distal side, and through which a cable conductively connected to the imaging element is inserted; and an elastic wire which has a distal end disposed outwardly of the imaging element, is inserted in and extends through the resin tube, and has flexibility and bending stiffness.

Abstract: A steerable endoscope is provided with active steering control. An endoscope includes a flexible tubular body with first and second articulating segments, and a camera. In an embodiment, the endoscope includes an orientation sensor. A controller for the endoscope performs an automated analysis of an alignment between the motion axis of the endoscope and the viewing axis of the camera, and actively steers the endoscope to improve the alignment.

Abstract: A tissue clip application fitting set or retrofitting set includes a cap attachment for placement on the distal head of a medical endoscope, which has a placement section and a tissue clip holding section. The cap attachment is notched at least at two angular positions forming at least two notches/slots/grooves. A working channel leads into the hollow chamber and exits the hollow chamber radially in a region distal to the placement section and proximal to the radially supported tissue clip. A first guiding or leading element is arranged after the working channel belonging to the retrofitting set, as seen in the distal direction. A corresponding second guiding or leading element is arranged within the hollow chamber at an angular distance from the first guiding or leading element so as to be oriented in extension to a working channel belonging to the endoscope.

Abstract: A cable attachment system and method for use with micro sensing component in a sterile environment. The cable attachment system may comprise a sensor, a cable connected to the sensor at a first end, a connector coupled to a second end of the cable, and a board coupled to the connector. A medical grade tubing may encase the connection of the sensor to the cable and a medical grade housing may encase the connection of the board to the connector and connected to the tubing. The medical grade housing and tubing are configured to create a sealed internal volume in the sterile environment.

Abstract: A control method, a control device and a storage medium for a magnetic capsule endoscope control system is provided. The control method includes: displaying a plurality of control buttons in a first area of a first display screen connected to a local industrial personal computer, wherein each control button issues a corresponding control instruction to instruct a target object to execute a specified operation, and the target object is a drive mechanism, a magnetic capsule endoscope or a camera of a control device; receiving a selection operation on any of the control buttons and controlling the corresponding target object to execute the specified operation; displaying images captured by a camera of the magnetic capsule endoscope in a second area of the first display screen.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter includes devices and systems for extending the imaging capability of swept, confocally aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopes to in vivo applications. In embodiments, the SCAPE microscope can be implemented as an endoscopic or laparoscopic inspection instrument.

Abstract: An endoscopic device includes a flexible shaft extending distally from a handle which, during use remains outside a living body, the shaft comprising a pull wire extending therethrough from the handle and a distal tip rotatably coupled to a distal end of the shaft, the distal tip comprising an imager directed distally from a distal face of the distal tip, the imager including a chip and a lens, a distal end of the pull wire being coupled to the distal tip in combination with an actuation mechanism coupled to a proximal end of the pull wire so that, actuation of the actuation mechanism, pulls the pull wire proximally through the shaft rotating the distal tip relative to the shaft to alter a field of view of the imager.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a three-dimensional (3D) scan of a body inside of a patient include automatically interleaving scanning of a focused area within a first field of view (FOV) of an image sensor using a first light source in a fine mode with scanning of an area of the first FOV in a coarse mode to generate a scanned image of the body within the first FOV and generating 3D scan data of the body within the first FOV based on the scanned image.

Abstract: An eyepiece device for a surgical instrument with an image guide channel part through which an image guide fibre bundle passes, the eyepiece device including: an optical filter disposed at a proximal end of the image guide fibre bundle; a sliding body having the optical filter element disposed therein; and a connector disposed at a proximal end of the image guide channel part; wherein the sliding body is disposed longitudinally displaceable within the connector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid supply device for an endoscope, including: a liquid supply unit for supplying liquids to the endoscope; a gas supply unit for supplying gases to the endoscope; and a control unit for controlling operations of the liquid supply unit and the gas supply unit, wherein the control unit includes: a foot switch located on the floor of an operating room to receive control commands on the operations of the liquid supply unit and the gas supply unit from a surgeon who uses the endoscope; and a controller for selectively operating the liquid supply unit and the gas supply unit according to the control commands received.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an optical element configured to separate incident light into light components in at least three types of wavelength bands, and a plurality of imaging elements configured to receive the light components in the at least three types of wavelength bands separated by the optical element, respectively. At least one imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements has a function of further separating a wavelength band of light that has entered the imaging element into at least two types of wavelength bands.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus to generate an illumination light including a first light in a red to near infrared region, a second light in a green region, and a third light in a blue region, an image pickup device to pick up an image of an object and output an image pickup signal, and a processor to generate a first to third color components corresponding to the first to third lights based on an image generated according to the image pickup signal. The processor generates two of three color components that are blue, green, and red included in an observation image by using a second color component, and generates one remaining color component by using a first color component, and generates respective color components of red, green, and blue included in a white light observation image by using the first to third color components.

Abstract: A dispensing device for dispensing anti-fog solution to a surface of medical device, the dispensing device comprising a container portion for storing the anti-fog solution to be dispensed; an applicator portion comprising a backing and an applicator attached to the backing and defining a port within the backing for fluid connection between the container portion and the applicator; a seal which is arranged to be selectively modulated from a closed configuration in which the anti-fog solution is maintained in the container portion, and an open configuration in which the anti-fog solution can flow through the port into the applicator portion; and a fluid flow modulator for controlling the flow of the anti-fog solution from the container portion to the applicator portion.

Abstract: An imaging needle apparatus, associated system, and method of use are described. The apparatus includes various interchangeable modules, including a trocar assembly, a blunt cannula assembly, and an arthroscope assembly, such as a nano-arthroscope. For example, using the imaging needle apparatus, a doctor can treat a patient by inserting the trocar assembly into the patient's body, inserting the blunt cannula assembly into the body via the trocar assembly, removing the trocar assembly, and inserting the arthroscope assembly into the blunt cannula assembly. Further, the imaging needle apparatus, in some embodiments, includes a light engine that provides a light source for a camera cannula of the apparatus, such as a camera cannula that is part of the arthroscope assembly.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an illumination device generating illumination light including a first light, a second light, and a third light, an imaging device capturing an image based on return light from biological tissue, and a processor configured to perform image processing based on first, second, and third images respectively corresponding to the first light, the second light, and the third light. The first light has a peak wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range including a wavelength achieving a largest value of a hemoglobin absorption coefficient. The second light has a peak wavelength between a wavelength achieving a smallest value of the hemoglobin absorption coefficient and a wavelength achieving a first maximum value of the hemoglobin absorption coefficient on a shorter wavelength side of the wavelength achieving the smallest value. The third light has a peak wavelength between the peak wavelengths of the first light and the second light.

Abstract: A laryngopharyngoscope retractor system including: a plurality of components including: a base frame with a coupling region and a spatula holder that is adjustable in terms of position and orientation by way of adjusting screws; a spatula that is releasably fastenable in the spatula holder; two cheek holder adapters that are releasably fastenable to the base frame; and two cheek holders, each of which is releasably fastenable to a respective cheek holder adapter, wherein one or more of the base frame, the spatula holder, the spatula, the cheek holder adapter and the cheek holder, in the respective regions provided for the releasable connection to another one of the plurality of components have a visible unique code that corresponds to the corresponding regions on the other of the plurality of components.

Abstract: Methods for automatically identifying retinal boundaries from a reflectance image are disclosed. An example of the method includes identifying a reflectance image of the retina of a subject; generating a gradient map of the reflectance image, the gradient map representing dark-to-light or light-to-dark reflectance differentials between adjacent pixel pairs in the reflectance image; generating a guidance point array corresponding to a retinal layer boundary depicted in the reflectance image using the gradient map; generating multiple candidate paths estimating the retinal layer boundary in the reflectance image by performing a guided bidirectional graph search on the reflectance image using the guidance point array; and identifying the retinal layer boundary by merging two or more of the multiple candidate paths.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gaze detector with which it is possible to detect a gaze (start point and gaze direction) by a simple configuration. The gaze detector detects a person's gaze, wherein the gaze detector is provided with a camera unit 10 for imaging the face of the person, a projector unit 20 for projecting a prescribed pattern light to the face of the person, a control unit 30 for controlling the presence of projection of the pattern light by the camera unit 10 and the projector unit 20, and a gaze detection processing unit 40 for detecting a gaze from the image of the face of the person imaged by the camera unit.

Abstract: Embodiments discussed herein facilitate determining a prognosis for keratoplasty based on segmented endothelial cells. One example embodiment comprises a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to perform operations, comprising: accessing an optical microscopy image comprising a set of corneal endothelial cells of a patient of a keratoplasty; segmenting, based at least in part on a first model, a plurality of corneal endothelial cells of the set of corneal endothelial cells; calculating one or more features based on the segmented plurality of corneal endothelial cells; and generating, via a second model trained based at least on the one or more features, a prognosis associated with the keratoplasty.

Abstract: The present application describes the addition of various feedback mechanisms including visual and audio feedback mechanisms to an ophthalmic diagnostic device to assist a subject to elf align to the device. The device may use the visual and non-visual feedback mechanisms independently or in combination with one another. The device may provide a means for a subject to provide feedback to the device to confirm that an alignment condition has been met. Alternatively, the device may have a means for sensing when Acceptable alignment has been achieved. The device may capture diagnostic information during the alignment process or may capture after the alignment condition has been met.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to providing health assistance information. In some aspects, a device determines one or more rates of change for one or more physiological parameters of a user, and may determine whether the one or more rates of change meets one or more thresholds. The device, in response to the determination that the one or more rates of change meets one or more thresholds, may identify one or more potential user conditions based on the one or more rates of change, a location of the device and user profile. The device may provide one or more messages based on the one or more potential user conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-modal imaging system (2) for non-invasive examination of an examination object (10), comprising a multi-photon imaging system for providing high-resolution detailed images of the examination object (10), which imaging system comprises a radiation source (12), the latter generating an excitation beam (21) of near infrared femtosecond laser radiation for triggering secondary radiation emitted by the examination object (10), and a focusing optical unit (30), by means of which the radiation of the radiation source (12) is directable at a measurement position of the examination object (10), wherein the focusing optical unit (30) and a laser head (14) of the radiation source (12) are provided in a measuring head (4), which is pivotable, rotatable and flexibly positionable freely in space such that the examination of the examination object (10) is performable under any desired solid angle, and comprising at least one confocal detection device, which is at least partly integrated in t

Abstract: A system for fluorescence guided surgery which includes alternatingly obtaining white light images and blue light images and simultaneously displaying those images on a display screen, such that a surgeon is presented with immediate, real-time video which shows the target tissue under white light and fluorescing tissue under blue light on the same screen, at the same time. The images may be presented side-by-side, or superimposed.

Abstract: A method (300) for characterizing color information about a tooth, comprising: (i) projecting (320) at least one predetermined color pattern (400); (ii) obtaining (330), using an imager (10), one or more images (90) each containing both a projected first predetermined color pattern (400) and at least a portion of a user's mouth (500); (iii) automatically identifying (340) by a controller (30), from the obtained one or more images, one or more teeth (510) in the at least a portion of the user's mouth (500( ); (iv) comparing (350) an imaged predetermined color pattern to a corresponding projected predetermined color pattern; and (v) extracting (360) by the controller, based on the outcome of the comparison, color information about the one or more identified teeth (510).

Abstract: A method of controlling an intraoral scanner includes upon completion of lighting a first projection device, triggering a second projection device to initiate lighting, upon initiation of lighting the first projection device, transmitting a first camera trigger signal, a first delay circuit delaying the first camera trigger signal until completion of lighting the second projection device, and upon receiving the first camera trigger signal, a first camera and a second camera starting exposing images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor for non-invasive optoacoustic measurements of biomechanical and/or morphological features of skin and/or other tissue.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a heart rate measurement method, including: using a human body parameter acquisition device to collect user data; obtaining a time domain heart rate value according to a time domain characteristic of the user data; performing frequency domain transformation on the user data to obtain user frequency domain data, and obtaining a frequency domain heart rate value according to the user frequency domain data; and obtaining a heart rate measurement value according to the time domain heart rate value and the frequency domain heart rate value. The present disclosure further provides a heart rate measurement device and a computer readable storage medium.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for synchronizing physiological signals collected from two or more physiological sensors are provided. Examples of physiological signals may include respiration, heartbeat, electroencephalogram, and gastrointestinal signals.

Abstract: The invention provides a new method for monitoring and analysing cardiovascular functions and equipment implementing the method. The portable equipment described and measurement analysis method operating in it, allowing continuous monitoring over time of cardiac functions and vascular resistance by electrical impedance and mechanical methods with electrocardiogram (ECG) by assessing changes in the carotid pulse wave form, carotid wave amplitude level, cardiac contraction, heart rate variability. A new device (a piece of equipment described), a part of which is fitted in outer ear canals and is designed for measuring the electrical head tissue impedance and ear air pressure parameters. The method and equipment provide the possibility to measure, process, synchronize and analyse cardiovascular activity parameters of three types and thereby obtain information about the cardiovascular activity status and its variation over time, which could not be obtained by measuring and analysing these parameters separately.

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining fluid flow resistance at a targeted location in a bodily fluid vessel by monitoring changes in pressure gradiants across the location while fluid flow is being manipulated by introducing infusate into the target area at different rates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for assessing at least one parameter related to the microcirculation function of a person, said method comprising the steps of a) determining an arrival time (AT) of a pulse wave, wherein the AT is the time between the onset of an activity of the heart that produces said pulse wave and the arrival of said pulse wave in a part of the body of said person; b) varying an applied pressure (P) on said part of the body over time and determining said AT as a function of applied pressure and time; and c) assessing said at least one parameter related to the microcirculation function based on said determination of AT and said AT as a function of applied pressure and time in steps a) and b). The present invention further provides a system for assessing at least one parameter related to the microcirculation function of a person.

Abstract: Systems and methods of dynamic biometric detection and response are provided for the purpose of establishing baseline health status while conveying real-time drug prescription usages and reactions from baseline data. The dynamic monitoring system may be embedded within a wristband, ring, vest, and/or waistband in wireless communication with a computing device or server. Each wearable device may employ interchangeable and embedded sensors to detect inertia movements; 360-imaging fall detections; and a variety of body-emitting vital signs. The system may include a processor operable to sense user location, motion, activity, and biomarkers for the purpose of detecting the user's behavior pattern, wherein an enhanced machine-learning algorithm is used to identify repetitive actions within the user's behavior pattern; and, based upon this pattern, the system is able to detect one or more anomalies for the purpose of generating an anomaly alert for third party notification and quantitative analysis at a server.

Abstract: A portable biometric monitor includes a wearable member having a plurality of sensors incorporated therein. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is adapted to monitor a corresponding biometric indicator. A communications hub is in selective communication with the plurality of sensors. One of the wearable member and the communications hub includes a set of biometric parameters, wherein each biometric parameter of the set of biometric parameters includes a corresponding preferred range. When at least one of the sensors indicates that the corresponding biometric indicator is outside of the corresponding preferred range, the communications hub provides a status indicia corresponding to a proposed recommendation.

Abstract: The invention consists of a device to evaluate hemodynamic response generated by the spinal cord in response to a suprasensorial stimulus applied to a peripheral nerve (medium or posterior tibial) by the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The device consists of 3 main components, an electrical stimulator, an optical recording unit and a signal processing and control module. The device allows non-invasive, comfortable, harmless, portable, home-based, and low-cost evaluation of changes in local hemodynamic parameters in response to neuronal activation of the spinal cord by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve. The invention also includes a corresponding method of using the device and monitoring the spinal function.

Abstract: A sensor is provided for measuring a flow of a fluid in a physiological environment, such as within a vessel of a human or animal subject. The sensor comprises an interrogation light guide extending from a proximal end to a distal end of the sensor. The interrogation light guide is configured to transmit interrogation light to, and receive reflected interrogation light from, the distal end of the sensor. The sensor further comprises an excitation light guide configured to transmit excitation light to the distal end of the sensor. The excitation light is provided for heating the fluid (directly or indirectly). The sensor further comprises a sensing element located at the distal end of the sensor. The sensing element comprises at least two etalons for reflecting interrogation light back along the interrogation light guide towards the proximal end of the sensor. Each etalon has a respective optical path length and further has at least one reflective surface external to the interrogation light guide.

Abstract: An intravascular system includes at least one pressure-sensing instrument sized and shaped for introduction into a vessel of a patient; a processing unit in communication with the pressure-sensing instrument, the processing unit configured to: obtain proximal pressure measurements for at least one cardiac cycle of the patient while the pressure-sensing instrument is positioned proximal of a stenosis of the vessel; obtain distal pressure measurements while the pressure-sensing instrument is positioned distal of the stenosis; select a diagnostic window within a cardiac cycle by identifying a change in sign of a slope associated with the proximal and/or distal pressure measurements, wherein the diagnostic window encompasses only a portion of the cardiac cycle of the patient; calculate a pressure ratio between the distal and proximal obtained during the diagnostic window; and output the calculated pressure ratio to a display device in communication with the processing unit.

Abstract: In some embodiments, features are extracted from a waveform generated by a photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensor of a wearable device. These features are used to train and use classifier models to detect likely instances of cardiovascular conditions that affect blood flow during a cardiac cycle, including but not limited to atrial fibrillation. In some embodiments, the features are extracted based on the shape of the waveform, including one or more of an amplitude, an upslope rate, a downslope rate, and differentials thereof over time. In some embodiments, data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used to filter and/or compensate for motion artifacts in the PPG data. The use of data generated by PPG sensors allows long-term, non-invasive monitoring for cardiovascular conditions without requiring further actions to be taken by the user to obtain data using other means.

Abstract: Using transmitters and receivers for detecting occupants in a vehicle, and classifying those occupants according to the geometry of the vehicle, where sets of complex values associated with voxels in a predetermined region of the vehicle are converted into 3D complex images, where clusters of voxels in the 3D complex images are analyzed to determine presence of occupants, and where positions of seats may determine which seats in the vehicle are occupied.

Abstract: Disclosed are wearable devices, such as rings and bracelets, for monitoring and diagnosing cardiovascular conditions of a wearer, along with related systems, algorithms and methods. The disclosed wearable devices can continuously monitor the wearer's cardiovascular status by measuring heart rate, motion, blood oxygenation, and/or other properties of the wearer. Disclosed wearable devices can further comprise three EKG electrodes, including a first electrode on the inner surface adapted to detect a signal from the finger/wrist, a second electrode on the outer surface adapted to detect a cardiovascular signal from a finger of the opposing hand, and a third electrode on the outer surface of the frame adapted to detect a cardiovascular signal from a EKG lead location on the wearer's chest or leg. The wearable devices can be linked wirelessly to a mobile device that the person can interact with, and can further be linked to other distributed system components and healthcare providers.

Abstract: Conduction velocity information for a cardiac region can be used to map the cardiac muscle fiber orientation of that region. In particular, for a plurality of locations within the cardiac region, a relationship between a local conduction velocity, a maximum local conduction velocity within the region, and a minimum local conduction velocity within the region is used to determine the cardiac muscle fiber orientation at the respective location. Even more particularly, when the local conduction velocity at the respective location equals the maximum local conduction velocity, the cardiac muscle fiber orientation is parallel to a direction of a conduction velocity vector at the respective location, and when the local conduction velocity at the respective location equals the minimum local conduction velocity, the cardiac muscle fiber orientation is perpendicular to a direction of a conduction velocity vector at the respective location.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for determining R peaks of an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG). First, an ECG/EKG complex is provided, and then, a maximum peak of the ECG/EKG complex is obtained. Following that, a half of a largest voltage of the maximum peak is defined as a threshold voltage. Later, an R peak number estimating process is performed to obtain an estimated number of all R peaks of the ECG/EKG complex and a plurality of peaks of the ECG/EKG complex with voltages greater than the threshold voltage and followed by determining whether a number of the peaks is equal to the estimated number of the all R peaks. When the number of the peaks is equal to the estimated number of the all R peaks, the peaks serve as the all R peaks.

Abstract: In one example, a cardiac monitoring system, comprises a processor to receive a segment of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of a patient, and a memory to store the segment of the ECG. The processor is configured to identify QRS complexes in the segment of the ECG signal, compare the QRS complexes in the segment to the other QRS complexes in the segment to identify a main template QRS complex, identify the QRS complexes in the segment that are similar to the main template, determine RR intervals between consecutive similar QRS complexes to calculate RR variability in the RR intervals, and detect atrial fibrillation (AF) in the segment when RR variability is greater than a threshold value. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.