Abstract: Surgical systems include an ultrasonic device, a generator coupled to the ultrasonic device, and a return pad. The generator is configured to control supply of the ultrasonic energy to the ultrasonic device and control supply of an energy pulse to the ultrasonic device at different times. The ultrasonic device generates a current pulse signal in response to the energy pulse. The generator also measures a current feedback signal at the return pad, the current feedback signal resulting from the current pulse signal, and estimate a tissue property of tissue grasped by the ultrasonic device based on the current feedback signal.

Abstract: A system includes an expandable frame and a processor. The expandable frame includes (i) one or more ablation electrodes disposed over an external surface of the frame and configured to be placed in contact with wall tissue of a cavity of a patient, and (ii) stem and edge electrodes coupled just proximally and just distally to the balloon, respectively. The processor is configured to: (a) measure one or more first impedances between one or more of the ablation electrodes and the stem electrode, (b) measure one or more second impedances between one or more of the ablation electrodes and the edge electrode, and (c) based on the first and second impedances, determine, for at least an ablation electrode from among the one or more ablation electrodes, whether the ablation electrode is in physical contact with the wall tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a catheter having a flexible outer sheath and a flexible irrigation tube. The flexible outer sheath defines a first lumen. The flexible irrigation tube is positioned inside the first lumen and includes an inner layer and an outer coating layer. The inner layer is formed of a synthetic polymer compound and has a uniform cross-section with a hollow interior defining a second lumen. The outer coating layer is disposed around the inner layer. The outer coating layer is formed of a polymeric compound and includes first and second isomers. The first isomer is configured to carry a positive electric charge and the second isomer is configured to carry a negative electric charge.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a catheter assembly and an end effector. The catheter assembly includes an outer sheath with a distal end. The end effector is associated with a distal end of the catheter assembly. The end effector includes a panel assembly with microelectrodes for electrophysiological (EP) mapping. The microelectrodes are configured in a matrix within the panel assembly and provide multiple points of contact with the target tissue for EP mapping. The panel assembly can transition between a first contracted state and a second expanded state. The panel assembly can fit within the outer sheath in the first state. The panel assembly can expand outwardly away from a longitudinal axis defined by the catheter assembly in the second state once exposed distally relative to the distal end of the outer sheath.

Abstract: A guidewire, consisting of a flexible biocompatible tube, having a tube distal end, the tube containing an internal lumen and being configured to be inserted into an orifice of a body of a living subject. A planar resilient strip is inserted into the internal lumen, the strip having a strip proximal end and a strip distal end fixed to the tube distal end. A coil spring is fixed to the strip proximal end so that an axis of symmetry of the coil is coplanar with the strip, the coil spring containing a coil lumen. A wire is threaded through the coil lumen and has a termination fixed to the strip distal end, so that pulling on the wire causes the strip and the tube to bend.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ablation catheter that includes an irrigation conduit, a force sensor, an electrode tip assembly, a seal, and a temperature sensor. The irrigation conduit defines an irrigation lumen configured to carry irrigation fluid to a distal end of the ablation catheter. The force sensors include a deformable body coupled to the irrigation conduit adjacent a distal end thereof. The electrode tip assembly is coupled to the deformable body and extends distally therefrom, and defines an interior cavity in fluid communication with the irrigation lumen and an exterior cavity in which a distal portion of the deformable body is received. The seal is disposed between the electrode tip assembly and the deformable body, and inhibits fluid flow between the interior cavity and the exterior cavity. The temperature sensor is coupled to the electrode tip assembly and extends from the electrode tip assembly through the irrigation lumen.

Abstract: A surgical system for treating targeted tissue in a fluid-filled working space includes a probe having an elongated shaft extending from a proximal end to a working end. A tissue-receiving window formed in the working end opens to a passageway in the elongated shaft, and a motor moves an electrode across the tissue-receiving window to resect tissue. A radiofrequency (RF) current source is coupled to the electrode, and a controller operatively connected to the motor and the RF source. In some instances, the controller actuates movement of the electrode in response to electrode contact with the targeted tissue. In some instances, the controller actuates movement of the electrode in a single stroke to perform biopsy.

Abstract: Ablation catheters and systems include catheter tips with at least one hollow needle that is extendable at an angle from the catheter body to ablate a target prostate tissue while avoiding structures in regions near the prostate tissue, including the urethra, the ejaculatory duct, and the rectum wall. The vapor ablation system has a pump, a catheter that includes a connection port positioned on a proximal end of the catheter, a lumen in fluid communication with the connection port and configured to receive, via the connection port, saline from the pump, at least one electrode positioned within the lumen, and at least one thermally conductive, elongated element having a lumen and configured to be coupled to the distal tip of the catheter such that a proximal end of the at least one thermally conductive, elongated element is positioned at least 0.

Abstract: A device positionable in a cavity of a bodily organ (e.g., a heart) may discriminate between fluid (e.g., blood) and non-fluid tissue (e.g., wall of heart) to provide information or a mapping indicative of a position and/or orientation of the device in the cavity. Discrimination may be based on flow, or some other characteristic, for example electrical permittivity or force. The device may selectively ablate portions of the non-fluid tissue based on the information or mapping. The device may detect characteristics (e.g., electrical potentials) indicative of whether ablation was successful. The device may include a plurality of transducers, intravascularly guided in an unexpanded configuration and positioned proximate the non-fluid tissue in an expanded configuration. Expansion mechanism may include helical member(s) or inflatable member(s).

Abstract: The subject of this disclosure includes an apparatus for visually supporting a tissue ablation procedure, including a display comprising a user interface; and at least one processor in communication with the display, the at least one processor configured to control one or more of a plurality of electrodes of a radiofrequency balloon catheter to ablate organ tissues of one or more targeted pulmonary veins; determine a characteristic, based on ablation parameters of the radiofrequency balloon catheter, of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) success rate; and present, on the display, visual information corresponding to each electrode for an indication, based on the characteristic, for PVI success rate.

Abstract: TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ARE CRITICAL TO VARIOUS ENERGY BASED THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS, INCLUDING LASER, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, AND HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND BASED THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS. THIS INVENTION DISCLOSES TECHNIQUES, APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS OF SURGICAL TARGETS DURING VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS WITH PHOTOACOUSTIC METHODS, ESPECIALLY WHEN DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE PULSES ARE GENERATED BY SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS.

Abstract: The invention provides a tip that permits therapeutic electromagnetic energy systems to deliver multiple beams of overlapping, partially overlapping, and non-overlapping electromagnetic energy in the treatment of tissue disorders and conditions. The tip finds use with laser systems, intense pulsed light systems, LED systems, radiofrequency systems, and microwave systems.

Abstract: A system for providing images of a human scalp and associated information for assisting in hair transplant planning, the system includes a support and at least one camera selectively connectable to the support, the camera and/or the support being configured for acquiring at least one, preferably a plurality of scale calibrated overview images of the human scalp of a patient's head, preferably from different predefined angles, optical acquisition means, preferably a video-dermatoscope, being configured for acquiring a plurality of microscopic images within different regions of the scalp, a processing unit configured to process and/or analyse image data provided by the camera means and the optical acquisition means, in particular for measuring areas of the human scalp, identify and measure hair in microscopic images and/or quantitatively plan a hair transplant operation, wherein the processing unit comprises a user interface configured for interacting with a user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for patient-specific intervention planning, the system comprising a physical model of an anatomical structure, wherein the physical model is a patient-specific model based on medical image data; a virtual model of the anatomical structure, wherein the virtual model is a patient-specific model based on medical image data; a tracking device configured to track a position of a physical representation of an interventional tool with respect to the physical model of the anatomical structure; a processor configured to perform the step of: registering the physical model of the anatomical structure with the virtual model of the anatomical structure and registering the physical representation of the interventional tool with a virtual representation of the interventional tool based on the position of the physical representation of the interventional tool and the physical model of the anatomical structure.

Abstract: A method for determining a lens and apparatus using the method are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a method for determining a lens to be inserted into an eyeball during lens implant surgery using machine learning may be provided, the method comprising: obtaining a plurality of examination data of a person to be operated on; and determining a size of a lens to be inserted into an eyeball of the person among a plurality of lens sizes by inputting the obtained plurality of examination data of the person to a lens determination model, wherein the lens determination model is different from a formula for determining a lens to be inserted into an eyeball during lens implant surgery, and is trained based on examination data of patients who have had lens implant surgery in the past and size information of lenses inserted into eyeballs of the patients.

Abstract: A system and device (110) for determining bone laxity. For example, the system includes a tracked probe (300) comprising at least one probe marker (310) and a computer assisted surgical (CAS) system (100). The CAS system includes a navigation system (130) and a processing device (110) operably connected to the navigation system and a computer readable medium configured to store one or more instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to receive location information from the navigation system, generate (820) a surgical plan comprising a post-operative laxity assumption (720), collect (850) first motion information related to movement of the joint through a first range of motion, collect (860) second motion information related to movement of the joint through a second range of motion, determine (870) a post-operative laxity (710), and compare the post-operative laxity and the post-operative laxity assumption to determine laxity results.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a computing system and method for the real-time automatic identification and tracking of a medical instrument and optionally the identification of at least one anatomical object in an image generated by an imaging system. The method includes generating the image via the imaging system and providing the image to a processor of a computing system. Further, the method includes developing and training at least one machine-learned model to automatically identify or locate the medical instrument and optionally at least one machine-learned model to identify or locate the anatomical object and the surrounding tissue in the image. Moreover, the method includes automatically labeling the identified medical instrument and optionally the identified anatomical object and surrounding tissue on the image. Further, the method also includes displaying the labeled image to a user in real-time.

Abstract: Cystic lesions can be treated by electroporation. For example, this document describes methods and devices for endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation of cystic lesions using a needle for electroporation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital image reality aligning kit, applied to a mixed reality system integrated with a surgical navigation system including: a plurality of moveable markers corresponded to a plurality of moveable marker coordinates respectively and a part of the plurality of moveable markers configured on a surgical instrument; a positioning marker corresponded to a positioning marker coordinate and configured in proximity to a surgical area corresponded to a surgical area coordinate, when the positioning marker is settled, the relative position thereof with respect to the other part of the plurality of moveable markers and the surgical area are determined accordingly, so as to transform the surgical area coordinate to the positioning marker coordinate; and a mixed reality device corresponded to a mixed reality device coordinate and detecting the positioning marker to transform the positioning marker coordinate to the mixed reality device coordinate accordingly, so as to project a surgical

Abstract: A registration device, including a wand, a light guide passing through the wand, and a position sensor fixed to the wand. A light source outputs a modulated beam of light into a light guide proximal end, so that the light is emitted from a light guide distal end toward a surface in proximity to a wand distal tip. A detector receives, from the light guide proximal end, light reflected from the surface into the light guide distal end, and outputs a signal indicative of the reflected light intensity. A processor computes a distance from the distal tip of the wand to the surface by extracting a phase difference between the output beam and the reflected light from the signal, and computes a position of the surface in a sensor frame of reference responsively to the computed distance and the location of the distal tip found from the position sensor.

Abstract: A method and a system for registering real-time intra-operative image data of a body to a model of the body, the method comprising, segmenting a plurality of image data of the body obtained using a pre-operative imaging device; constructing the model of the body from the segmented plurality of image data; identifying one or more landmark features on the model of the body; acquiring the real-time intra-operative image data of the body using an intra-operative imaging device; and registering the real-time intra-operative image data of the body to the model of the body by matching one or more landmark features labelled on the real-time intra-operative image data to one or more corresponding landmark features on the model of the body, wherein the one or more landmark features comprises a superior and an inferior pole of the body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for intracranial imaging and treatment of an intracranial region including: (a) a catheter probe suitable for insertion into the intracranial region, the catheter probe including: (i) a catheter housing; (ii) an optical probe including one or more optical emitters; and (iii) an optional surgical tool, with the optical probe and the surgical tool located within the housing; and (b) an imaging plate configured for fixed attachment through a plurality of fixed attachment points to a surface of the intracranial region being imaged and treated. The imaging plate includes an array of sensors, each sensor including an optical receiver. The optical emitters are configured to emit light in proximity to the intracranial region being imaged. The array of sensors is configured to measure transmitted light to determine the status of the intracranial region being imaged.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for weight-based registration of location sensors. In one aspect, a system includes an instrument and a processor configured to provide a first set of commands to drive the instrument along a first branch of the luminal network, the first branch being outside a path to a target within a model. The processor is also configured to track a set of one or more registration parameters during the driving of the instrument along the first branch and determine that the set of registration parameters satisfy a registration criterion. The processor is further configured to determine a registration between a location sensor coordinate system and a model coordinate system based on location data received from a set of location sensors during the driving of the instrument along the first branch and a second branch.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods related to image management. A system may include an instrument that includes an elongate body and an imaging device. The elongate body can be configured to be inserted into a luminal network. The imaging device may be positioned at a distal tip of the elongate body. The system may receive from the imaging device one or more images captured when the elongate body is within the luminal network. For each of the images, the system may determine one or more metrics that are indicative of a reliability of an image for localization of the distal tip of the elongate body within the luminal network. The system may determine a reliability threshold value for each of the one or more metrics. The system can utilize the one or more images based on whether the one or more metrics meet corresponding reliability threshold values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electromagnetic (EM) distortion detection and compensation are disclosed. In one aspect, the system includes an instrument, the system configured to: determine a reference position of the distal end of the instrument at a first time based on EM location data, determine that the distal end of the instrument at a second time is static, and determine that the EM location data at the second time is indicative of a position of the distal end of the instrument having changed from the reference position by greater than a threshold distance. The system is further configured to: determine a current offset based on the distance between the position at the second time and the reference position at the first time, and determine a compensated position of the distal end of the instrument based on the EM location data and the current offset.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assessing device (13) for assessing the suitability of a shape of an instrument like a guidewire for a registration of a position and shape determination device (10) like an optical shape sensing device with an imaging device (2). Curvature values being indicative of the curvature at several positions along the instrument are determined, which are used for determining shape feature values. These shape feature values are then used for determining a suitability value being indicative of the suitability of the shape of the instrument for the registration procedure, wherein an output is provided to a user based on the determined suitability value. The user can therefore modify the shape until the output indicates that the shape of the instrument is suitable for the registration, without requiring any image. This can reduce a radiation dose if the image is, for instance, an x-ray image.

Abstract: A system and an apparatus for guiding an instrument may be provided, the apparatus comprising a main body; a holding member for holding an instrument, the holding member coupled to the main body; and one or more actuating members configured to effect movement of the holding member such that said movement of the holding member is capable of providing rotational movement of an instrument about a pivot point external the apparatus. The holding member may preferably be configured to co-operate with a compliance device, said compliance device capable of holding the instrument.

Abstract: Laser-based implant guide systems and methods that align an implant with an axis of an anatomical structure of interest are disclosed. The systems include a target base configured to couple to a patient in alignment with the axis, and a target member configured to couple to the target base that includes a visual indication of the location of the axis. The systems further include an implant guide that includes a laser device and a resection guide. The implant guide is configured to adjust at least one of the position and the orientation of the laser device with respect to the anatomical structure of interest such that a laser line projecting from the laser device is aligned with the visual indication of the target member, and the resection guide facilities implantation of the implant in a resected portion of the anatomical structure of interest in alignment with the axis.

Abstract: A display may display a region of an anatomy that is not within the field of effect of an instrument. The additional views may assist in determining a location and orientation of an instrument.

Abstract: An end effector for a computer-assisted surgical system includes a mount configured to be coupled to an arm and a housing coupled to the mount and configured to interchangeably support a first operating, member and a second operating member. When the housing supports the first operating member, the housing is configured to prevent translation of the first operating member relative to the mount. When the housing supports the second operating member, the housing is configured to allow translation of the second operating member relative to the mount along a first axis.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for utilizing artificial intelligence to operate a surgical robot (e.g., to perform a laminectomy), including a surgical robot, an artificial intelligence guidance system, an image recognition system, an image recognition database, and a database of past procedures with sensor data, electronic medical records, and imaging data. The image recognition system may identify the tissue type present in the patient and if it is the desired tissue type, the AI guidance system may remove a layer of that tissue with the end effector on the surgical robot, and have the surgeon define the tissue type if the image recognition system identified the tissue as anything other than the desired tissue type.

Abstract: A surgical tool includes a drive housing, a closure tube that extends from the drive housing, an end effector arranged at an end of the closure tube and having opposing jaws, and a closure yoke mounted to the closure tube and having a projection extending therefrom. A gearing assembly includes one or more spur gears attached to a corresponding one or more drive shafts such that rotation of the one or more drive shafts correspondingly rotates the one or more spur gears, and a closure cam gear positioned to intermesh with the one or more spur gears and defining a profile that receives the projection. Rotating the one or more spur gears causes the closure cam gear to rotate, which causes the projection to traverse the profile, and the projection traversing the profile urges the closure yoke and the closure tube to linearly displace and thereby actuate the jaws.

Abstract: A bone connection system for attaching a surgical robot having its base mounted in the vicinity of a patient, to a bone of the patient. The system incorporates a switchable bone connection unit attached between the bone and a support element of the robot. This unit has a locked state in which the bone is attached essentially rigidly to the support element, and a released state in which the bone can move relative to the support element. The unit comprises a force sensor for determining the force exerted between the bone and the support element of the robot, and a position sensor for measuring the position of the bone relative to the support element of said robot. The unit switches from its locked state to its released state when the force exceeds a predetermined level, selected to ensure that the bone can move without detaching any bone connection elements.

Abstract: Robotic Surgical Systems and methods of controlling robotic surgical systems are disclosed herein. One disclosed method includes visually capturing a tool pose of a tool within a surgical site with an imaging device in a fixed frame of reference, determining an arm pose of a linkage supporting the tool from known geometries of the linkage in the fixed frame of reference, and manipulating the linkage to move the tool to a desired tool pose in response to a control signal in the fixed frame of reference.

Abstract: A robotic surgical assembly (100) includes a support (104), one macro-positioning arm (30), connected to the support (104) and having a plurality of degrees of freedom. The macro-positioning arm (30) includes a support member (38), at least two micro-positioning devices (41, 141, 241, 341), each having a plurality of motorized degrees of freedom, connected in cascade to the support member (38) of the macro-positioning arm (30), and at least two medical instruments (60, 160, 260, 360). Each instrument is connected in cascade to each of the micro-positioning device and includes a jointed device (70, 170, 270) having a plurality of motorized degrees of freedom including a plurality of rotational joints. Each of the at least two medical instruments (60, 160, 260, 360) has a shaft (65), suitable for distancing the jointed device from the micro-positioning devices by a predetermined distance in a shaft direction (X-X).

Abstract: A surgical tool includes a drive housing, a shaft extending from the drive housing, an end effector at an end of the shaft and having opposing jaws and a cutting element, and an articulable wrist configured to rotate the end effector within a plane. The wrist is articulated via antagonistic translation of a pair of drive members. Various systems are provided for homing one or more drive inputs that cause movement in the wrist and/or the end effector, or for controlling articulation of the drive inputs.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes: a distal movable component; a proximal drive assembly including a drive shaft, a capstan, and a plurality of splines; a first cable extending between the distal movable component and the drive shaft; and a second cable extending between the distal movable component and the capstan. The drive shaft includes a tapered projection, and the capstan includes a tapered bore in which the tapered projection of the drive shaft is received. The plurality of splines engage the tapered projection of the drive shaft with the tapered bore of the capstan.

Abstract: Robotic devices and methods for performing minimally invasive procedures on the vascular system, particularly cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgical procedures, where a submillimeter-scale continuum robotic device is configured and adapted for active steering and navigation based on external magnetic actuation. The submillimeter-scale continuum robotic device includes an elongate body having an inner core and an outer shell, where the outer shell is fabricated of an elastomeric material having a plurality of ferromagnetic particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: A local haptic hand controller is provided for enabling an operator to remotely perform fine manipulation, such as microsurgery, in conjunction with a remotely located robotic manipulator, for example at which the microsurgery is to be performed. The local haptic hand controller includes a base, a kinematic structure in communication with the base and comprises a gimbal as an end effector. A local surgical tool is provided at the gimbal and has a shape and construction substantially similar to a remote surgical tool provided at the remote robotic manipulator. A control system is in communication with the local surgical tool and with the remote surgical tool, and configured to enable operation of the local haptic hand controller when a local surgical tool identifier matches a remote surgical tool identifier.

Abstract: A method of scaling a desired velocity of a tool of a surgical robot with a processing unit includes receiving an input signal, determining a position of the tool relative to a boundary of a surgical site, and scaling a desired velocity of movement of the tool when the tool is within a predetermined distance of the boundary of the surgical site. The input signal includes the desired velocity of movement of the tool.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for simultaneous imaging and stimulation using a microscope system. The microscope system can have a relatively small size compared to an average microscope system. The microscope can comprise in part an imaging light source and a stimulation light source. Light from the imaging light source and the stimulation light source can be spectrally separated to reduce cross talk between the stimulation light and the imaging light.

Abstract: Provided is an arm device. The arm device includes: a first gimbal portion configured to rotatably support an instrument about a first rotational axis extending along an axis line of the instrument; a second gimbal portion configured to rotate the instrument about a second rotational axis extending along a direction intersecting the first rotational axis; a distal portion configured to rotate the instrument about a third rotational axis extending to intersect a plane including the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis. The third rotational axis has an inclination angle greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees when a horizontal direction is defined as 0 degree and an upper vertical direction is defined as 90 degrees.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enforcing a cleaning of a medical device are disclosed. A method includes receiving an indication that a medical device has been exposed to a contaminate, providing, responsive to receiving the indication, an instruction to disable the medical device, receiving, after transmitting the instruction, cleaning information indicating that a cleaning of the medical device was attempted, identifying a predetermined cleaning procedure corresponding to the medical device and the contaminate, determining, based on the cleaning information, that the medical device was cleaned according to the predetermined cleaning procedure corresponding to the medical device and the contaminate, and enabling the medical device responsive to determining that the medical device was cleaned according to the predetermined cleaning procedure.

Abstract: A portable oral irrigator includes a charging seat assembly, a water container assembly, a housing assembly and a pump assembly. The charging seat assembly includes a charging seat base, a transparent charging seat member on the charging seat base, a first control board in the charging seat base, a first light guide line in the transparent charging seat member, a second light guide line in the charging seat base, a charging seat cover on the transparent charging seat member, and a charging socket projecting out of the charging seat cover. With provision of the charging seat assembly, the water container assembly, the housing assembly and the pump assembly, the pump unit draws water from the water container body and exits the water through the nozzle. The first and second light guide lines and the light guide strip emit light to indicate a current state of the oral irrigator.

Abstract: An endodontic instrument extraction tool is provided. The device includes a housing having a first end opposite a second end and a sidewall extending therebetween, defining an interior volume. A grasping mechanism is disposed within the interior volume, wherein the grasping mechanism includes a plurality of arms selectively movable between an open position and a closed position. A distance between each of the plurality of arms is minimized when the plurality of arms is in the closed position. A rotatable member is disposed within the first end of the housing and is operably connected to the grasping mechanism, such that the plurality of arms move towards the closed position when the rotatable member is rotated in a first direction and move towards the open position when the rotatable member is rotated in a second direction.

Abstract: A scaffold for regenerating a pulp of a root canal includes a body that has a pre-formed contour that closely matches a contour of the root canal. A method of making a customized regenerative scaffold includes generating a three-dimensional image of a root canal. The method also includes manufacturing the customized regenerative scaffold based on the three-dimensional image of the root canal.

Abstract: Syringe (1) having a syringe body (5) and a proximal syringe outlet (11) in the syringe body (5) as well as having a syringe plunger (7) being axially (13) movable in the syringe body, having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein an elongate lumen (14) is formed inside the syringe plunger (7) coming from the proximal end (7a) of the syringe plunger (7) until the distal end (7b) of the syringe plunger, in which a movable inner plunger (8) having a proximal end (8a) and a distal end (8b) is arranged.

Abstract: An anterior guidance package (AGP) including: a mandibular guidance component attachable to a mandibular retentive piece configured to be placed about a mandibular arch of a user; and a maxillary guidance component attachable to a maxillary retentive piece configured to be placed about a maxillary arch of a user, the maxillary guidance component configured to mate with the mandibular guidance component for guiding a movement of the mandibular guidance component relative to the maxillary guidance component, wherein the mandibular guidance component is maintained in a correct orientation relative to the maxillary guidance component.

Abstract: A maxillary skeletal expander is proposed. The maxillary skeletal expander is composed of a pair of dental arch expansion bodies positioned to face each other in an oral cavity; an expanding screw provided between the pair of dental arch expansion bodies to move the dental arch expansion bodies; a guide provided between the pair of dental arch expansion bodies to safely move the dental arch expansion bodies without deviation; a dental arch expansion body combining means having a fixing piece for penetrating a fixing hole at a selected part in the oral cavity, and configured to be combined to and separated from each of the dental arch expansion bodies.

Abstract: A dental implant fixture is proposed. The dental implant fixture is configured to be implanted in a straight alveolar bone perforation hole without inclination, and includes: a head to which an abutment is coupled; a self-tapping portion extending from the head and having a ridge diameter of cutting blades that is larger than an inner diameter of the alveolar bone perforation hole; and a guide extending from the self-tapping portion and having a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the alveolar bone perforation hole.