Abstract: An eye treatment device for cleaning of eyelashes and eyelid margins in the treatment of an eye disease is provided. Said eye treatment device comprises a swab consisting of a treatment member and a substantially rigid rod, and a housing formed as a handle that accommodates a drive unit for moving the swab relative to the drive unit. The eye treatment device comprises heating means for heating the swab.

Abstract: An absorbent article includes an absorbent core sandwiched between a topsheet and a backsheet, the article being arranged along a longitudinal axis and a transversal axis extending in a perpendicular direction and the article defining a front portion, a back portion and a crotch portion, wherein the absorbent core includes an absorbent component enclosed by a core cover including an upper side and a lower side and the core is formed with a sealing arrangement for joining the upper and lower sides including two channel sealings extending along the longitudinal axis in said crotch portion and defining a first channel sealing width and a second channel sealing width, respectively. Furthermore, the absorbent article includes at least one wetness indicator having a longitudinal extension and being positioned generally only in the front portion, only in the back portion, or in both the front portion and the back portion.

Abstract: A moisture management apparatus monitors an area for moisture events and wirelessly transmits moisture-related information to one or more notification devices. An embodiment of the moisture management apparatus includes a substrate and one or more sensors supported by the substrate. The sensor(s) emit wireless signals indicative of the moisture-related information. A sensor event communication system forwards the sensor signals to another device, such as a notification device. The sensor event communication system may monitor other types of patient events. Portions of the moisture management apparatus and/or the moisture event communication system may be embodied in a patient support apparatus, such as a bed.

Abstract: Asymmetrical absorbent articles having printed regions to facilitate individual placement of the absorbent article are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an absorbent article (1), preferably an incontinence pant-like diaper, comprising a chassis (2), a front waist region (3), a back waist region (4) and a crotch region (5) extending between said front and back waist regions (3,4); wherein the front and back waist regions (3,4) are joinable to each other and wherein, when joined, a waist-opening is formed and a pair of leg-openings are formed by one or more crotch-leg-peripheral-edges (17,17?) and front and back waist-leg-peripheral-edges (18,18?,19,19?), and wherein first and second front waist-leg-peripheral-edges (18,18?) extend from a first position (20,20?) proximal to the crotch region (5) to a second position (21,21?) distal therefrom and proximal to a lateral edge (15,15?) of the front waist region (3), said first and second front waist-leg-peripheral-edges (18,18?) being oppositely disposed from the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Nonwoven (and film) topsheet and acquisition/distribution materials treated with a hydrophilic, synthetic surfactant-free finish, absorbent articles for infant or incontinence care that contain these materials, and methods for apply such finishes and/or making such absorbent articles.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a multilayer absorbent element apt to be incorporated in a sanitary article is provided. The apparatus has an embossing roller bearing a plurality of protruding elements, a pierced roller bearing a plurality of protruding elements and cavities, and a unit of cohesion and drilling. The configuration of the apparatus is such that, after a first layer of sheet material is deformed by the embossing roll and the perforated roller continues to slide on the pierced roller, a second layer of sheet material is superimposed. The first and second layer of sheet material are then carried to the joining and piercing unit in which, at the intermediate zones of the first layer, it forms a plurality of holes passing through the first and second layer and joins them near or at the plurality of holes.

Abstract: An absorbent article includes a novel design printing portion suitable for a stretchable region. An absorbent article has an elastic film stretchable structure, in which an elastic film is stacked between a first sheet layer and a second sheet layer. The first sheet layer and the second sheet layer are bonded together directly or through the elastic film by a large number of sheet bonded portions arranged at intervals. A region having the elastic film stretchable structure includes a stretchable region. The stretchable region is contracted in a stretchable direction by a contraction force of the elastic film is extensible in the stretchable direction. A design printing portion is provided in a portion located in the stretchable region in the elastic film.

Abstract: A cast removing tool includes a handle having a battery received therein, and a switch is connected to the handle and electrically connected to the battery. A link is connected to the handle and a motor is connected to the link. The motor has an output shaft which protrudes beyond the link and is connected to a cutting tool. The cutting tool is activated by the motor. A protection member is a curved member and connected to the handle. The protection member extends to be located beneath the cutting tool. The protection member is inserted between the cast and the patient's limb so as to avoid the cutting tool to hurt the patient.

Abstract: A transfer mattress includes a top panel, a bottom panel, an outer stringer and an inner stringer. The top panel has a perimeter including a proximal edge and a distal edge, wherein a central longitudinal axis extends from the proximal edge to the distal edge. The bottom panel has a plurality of perforations and a perimeter including a proximal edge and a distal edge coupled to the perimeter of the top panel. The outer stringer and inner stringer each have a superior edge coupled to the top panel and an inferior edge coupled to the bottom panel and a longitudinal portion that is substantially parallel to the central longitudinal axis. The inner stringer is positioned between the central longitudinal axis and the outer stringer.

Abstract: An emergency cot includes a litter frame, a base, and a lift assembly supporting the litter frame relative to the base. The lift assembly includes load bearing members pivotally coupled to the litter frame by head-end upper pivot connections and foot-end upper pivot connections and to the base by head-end lower pivot connections and foot-end lower pivot connections for raising or lowering the base or the litter frame with respect to the other. The foot-end upper pivot connections or head-end upper pivot connections are movable toward or away from the longitudinal axis of the litter frame to allow one end of the litter frame to be tilted upwardly.

Abstract: A lift for a vehicle includes a platform configured to support an occupant thereon, a parallelogram mechanism to move the platform between a stowed position and a deployed position, a base to mount the parallelogram mechanism to a vehicle floor, a hydraulic system to move the platform through the parallelogram mechanism, a mechanism to fold and unfold the platform, an occupant retention device, a control unit to control a movement of the platform. The occupant retention device can include any one of a belt, a bridgeplate and a roll stop. The lift can also include a platform movement control device that can be provided as an acoustic sensor array, a bridgeplate lock and a platform stow lock. A light assembly can be mounted on the platform as a visual warning of the platform operation. The power connection to the control unit can include an encapsulated decouplable power interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods and techniques for operating a patient support apparatus are disclosed. The patient support apparatus includes a support structure including a base and a patient support surface to support a patient. The patient support apparatus also includes an actuator coupled to the support structure and operable to move the patient support surface. The actuator is configured to receive an applied voltage and an applied electrical current, and to produce an output power, where the applied electrical current varies based on different loads applied to the actuator. A controller is coupled to the actuator to determine a desired output power of the actuator and to control the actuator such that the output power produced by the actuator is controlled relative to the desired output power by modifying the applied voltage to compensate for the different loads being applied to the actuator.

Abstract: A support surface overly having first and second independently inflatable compartments is disposed within an envelope. Air may be removed from the envelope so that side panels of the envelope collapse against corresponding surfaces of the overlay to inhibit lateral motion of the panels with respect to the surfaces of the overlay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bath lift with a rotating seat assembly to assist an individual with decreased mobility in and out of a bathtub. The rotating seat includes an assembly that can be raised or lowered using a DC powered linear actuator. The linear actuator will also move a backrest from an upright position to a reclined position. A controller includes logic to prevent operation should the batteries have insufficient power to raise the seat assembly. Slip resistant padding is comprised of medical-grade, closed cell, molded polyurethane padding that does not absorb water and reduces the risk of skin tears.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single use, non-expandable, disposable container for holding a liquid, in particular a body liquid, the container comprising: —a bottom wall, —a circumferential side wall which extends in an upward direction from the bottom wall, wherein the circumferential side wall defines an upper opening ( ) at an upper end ( ) of the container, —a first folding flap and a second folding flap which are connected via a respective first folding line and a second folding line to opposed sections of an upper edge of the circumferential side wall, wherein the first and second folding flaps are foldable between an open position and a closed position, wherein in the open position of the folding flaps the circumferential side wall and the folding flaps taper outwardly in an upward direction, allowing the container to be nested, and wherein the folding flaps have a varying flap width, wherein the flap width reaches a maximum at a central portion of the folding flaps, and wherein said maximum flap

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to devices for controlling the flow of urine primarily for bedridden patients while in a hospital setting. A device for protecting a patient from constant exposure to urine which may lead to discomfort, skin irritation, infection and subsequent death. The device is designed to secure the genitalia in a leak proof chamber and draw urine away from the skin.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for transcutaneous application of CO2, which comprises: a therapeutic chamber comprising at least a portion to receive a part of a patient's body to which the carbon dioxide is to be applied, an inlet/outlet pipe connecting the chamber with a CO2 distribution system, the said pipe connecting the chamber with a CO2 distribution system, wherein a gate valve for sealing the chamber is installed in the chamber where the inlet/outlet pipe is installed; the CO2 distribution system comprising a housing where at least the following components are installed: a first pipe with a first valve for suction of air out of the chamber, a second pipe with a second valve for supplying CO2 from a tank; wherein the first and second pipe are combined into the inlet/outlet pipe upstream of the valves; at least one ventilator for ensuring air flow through the said valves and inlet/outlet pipe, an outlet pipe for leading the used air from the chamber through the wall to the external environment o

Abstract: A surgical table includes a base for standing on a floor; a column extending from the base; a tabletop providing a patient support surface; and a mechanism coupling the tabletop to the column and for enabling rotational movement of the tabletop relative to the column about two orthogonal axes, the mechanism having a first frame connected to the tabletop and a second frame connected to the column and rotatably mounted on the first frame about an axis that is orthogonal to both longitudinal and transverse directions of the tabletop. Also disclosed is a system for helping a user dispose a tabletop and a base of a surgical table at a predetermined relative position, a system for recording actions performed by a surgical table, and surgical tables configured to adjust a height of a tabletop thereof in specific manners.

Abstract: A table system for use with an imaging device includes a base portion that supports the table system over a support surface, a patient support including a platform for supporting a patient in a standing position and a bed for supporting the patient in a lying position, a linkage portion coupled between the base portion and the patient support that is pivotable with respect to both the base portion and the patient support, a first drive mechanism that drives the pivoting of the patient support with respect to the linkage portion, and a second drive mechanism that drives the pivoting of the linkage portion with respect to the base portion, the first and second drive mechanisms moving the patient support between a vertical position in which the platform is substantially parallel to the support surface and a horizontal position in which the bed is substantially parallel to the support surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to treatment tables, and more specifically to a treatment table that is adaptable for the dual purposes of conducting therapy or physical examinations, including pelvic examinations and treatment.

Abstract: Method when a user performs a work task, wherein the user wears and uses a wearable, actively controlled piece of force-assisting equipment (110) used to assist the user in the performing of the said work task, which force-assisting equipment (110) comprises a force-exerting means (112,113) for assisting the user in applying a particular force and/or for performing movements of a particular type, and a sensor means (115) for sensing a force applied by the user, wherein an assisting force exerted by said force-exerting means (112,113) is feedback-controlled based on an instantaneous measurement value from the sensor means (115). The invention is characterised in that the method comprises the steps of during the performance of said work task, measuring said measurement value using the sensor means (115) for use in said feedback control; and using the measurement value to automatically calculate an actual ergonomic risk or load value for the performed work task using the said force-assisting equipment (110).

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses for augmenting human speed, human-driven compliant mechanisms, artificial limbs to augment human movement, and the like. The apparatuses can include variable stiffness mechanisms including springs that can be configured to selectively store and subsequently release energy generated by human movement. The apparatuses can selectively release the captured energy supplied by the human to provide force and power output beyond the physical capability of the human.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein can generally include passive tactile stimulation (“PTS”) for rehabilitation of neurological conditions, conditions resulting from stroke, conditions resulting from brain damage, tremors resulting from Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disorder, spatial neglect, sensitivity loss, and/or muscle spasticity. Devices can be worn or applied during daily life and can be effective treatment for aforementioned conditions without a patent engaging in exercises, forced muscle contraction due to electrostimulation or repeated muscle vibration, or even focusing on the stimulation treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cervical spine traction device, equipment and method, wherein a built-in program code determines a cervical spine stretching force according to a sensed weight of a user. The cervical spine traction device has a main controller, a fixing unit, a movable unit and thermal massage units. By storing the program code in the main controller, the optimal traction data comprising a cervical spine stretching distance, the cervical spine stretching force and a cervical spine stretching time can be calculated according to the weight and height of the user lying down on the platform. Further, by sensing the temperature of the neck of the user and massaging the neck, the tension force of the neck muscle can be relaxed, the tightness of the user can be sufficiently eliminated, and the cervical spine of the user is corrected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tactile warning panels, and in particular to tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multi-function/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies.

Abstract: A pressure therapy device includes a pressure chamber, an inflatable padding, a seal, and a positioning mechanism. The pressure chamber has an opening arranged for admitting the inflatable padding and a limb of a user. The inflatable padding is inflatable to enclose and fix the limb in position. The seal covers the opening, including the inflatable padding and the limb to seal the pressure chamber from ambient atmospheric pressure. A pump unit is provided to generate a non-atmospheric pressure within the pressure chamber and includes a first valve system and a piston with safety release features for preventing unsafe pressure levels.

Abstract: The present application provides a massager for male genitalia. A user may insert his penis into a massage sleeve through an opening. A relative movement is generated between the massage sleeve and the penis to simulate a thrusting motion during sexual intercourse. The massage sleeve simulates a vaginal environment, and performs a massage to provide massaging stimulation, and a reciprocating movement to provide reciprocating stimulation, or the like. In addition, the massage of the user's penis is implemented during the simulation of a back-and-forth thrusting motion. Therefore, an all-around automatic massage of the penis is implemented, and the entire massage process is relaxing and pleasurable.

Abstract: An example sexual stimulation device includes a drive module, a stimulating element, a fulcrum, and a compliant member. The stimulating element has a first end coupled to the drive module in a manner such that the first end of the stimulating element moves along a first path when the drive module is operated. The stimulating element also has a second end opposite the first end. The fulcrum is disposed at a first point along an extension of the stimulating element such that the stimulating element pivots about the first point and the second end of the stimulating element translates according to a second path. The compliant member is coupled to the second end of the stimulating element.

Abstract: A percussive massage device that includes a housing that defines a housing interior, a battery, a motor positioned in the housing, a switch for activating the motor, and a reciprocating shaft operatively connected to the motor and configured to reciprocate in response to activation of the motor. The reciprocating shaft includes a distal end that defines a reciprocation axis. The housing includes a first side portion and a second side portion that cooperate to define the housing interior and are defined on opposite sides of the reciprocation axis.

Abstract: A personalized wearable device can detect muscle contractions, such as spasms, and provide vibrational energy that treats these muscle contractions.

Abstract: A foot massage apparatus includes a housing assembly, a driving mechanism, a front rotating member, a middle rotating member, and a rear rotating member. The middle rotating member is provided with a pivot shaft. An upper end of the pivot shaft is connected with a middle massage head. A lower end of the pivot shaft is provided with an elastic member. When different users use the foot massage apparatus, the middle massage head driven by the pivot shaft can be always in contact with the user's arch for massage. Therefore, the foot massage apparatus can meet the use requirements of different users, and make the user comfortable for massage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for applying combined noninvasive modalities such as vibration modalities and phototherapeutic modalities, either singularly or in combination, through an oligodynamic surface to modify the physiological response of a person to treat pain and discomfort from musculoskeletal disorders, and conditions such as wound healing, muscle atrophy and other medical conditions and diseases.

Abstract: A lung gas exchange device includes a front housing, at least one strap configured to affix the front housing to an anterior neck of a user, a vibration device positioned within the front housing, a wear plate configured to transfer vibration from the vibration device to the anterior neck of the user, a power source configured to provide power to the vibration device, a power control mechanism configured to allow a user to turn on and off the vibration device; and a central processing unit board connected to the power control mechanism, the power source, and the vibration device.

Abstract: A cardiopulmonary resuscitation system capable of avoiding fighting in an asynchronous mode in which sternum compression and artificial respiration are performed independently and continuously.

Abstract: A CPR chest compression device with a cooling exhaust flow path configured to direct cooling air flow through the device. A CPR chest compression device with a battery retainer interoperable with the control system to provide for controlled shut-down when an operator attempts to remove the battery during operation.

Abstract: The blister pack for medicinal products comprises a bottom film in which blister pockets are formed, which are surrounded by webs of the bottom film. The blister pockets comprise a two-level shape with a first recess and second recess situated lower down. A lidding film is sealed to the webs of the bottom film and to a strip of active material, which is arranged in each blister pocket. The medicinal product is accommodated in the second recess, and the strip of active material is accommodated in the first recess. The first recess comprises, in a bottom area thereof, a peripheral rib, which extends around the second recess, or at least two projecting knobs, which are arranged next to the second recess, wherein the strip of active material rests on the rib or on the knobs.

Abstract: A dispensing container and adapter system for use with a planetary mixer is disclosed. The dispensing container has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis. The dispensing container may include a nozzle and a removable cap to cover the nozzle. The removable cap may have a first width dimension measured along the transverse axis. The dispensing container may include a body having a second width dimension measured along the transverse axis. An adapter may receive the dispensing container. The adapter may include a cavity to receive the removable cap. The cavity may have a cavity width that exceeds the first width dimension. The adapter may also include a recess for receiving a portion of the dispensing container. The recess may extend from the cavity. At least a portion of the recess may have a width dimension smaller than both the first width dimension and the second width dimension.

Abstract: The packaging unit includes an inner enclosure (11) within which is contained each said pharmaceutical product (12), a patient or health care professional information leaflet (13) and outer enclosure (14) including: —a first outer enclosure (15) within which is contained said inner enclosure (11); and —a second outer enclosure (16) within which is contained said first outer enclosure (15) and said information leaflet (13); said second outer enclosure (16) being provided with labelling features; said second outer enclosure having an opening (37) arranged so that traceability and anti-counterfeiting features are visible through said opening (37).

Abstract: A hollow glass body comprises a cylindrical main body portion having a first inside diameter, and a first end opening and a second end opening on opposite ends of the hollow glass body. The hollow glass body has a second inside diameter at the second end opening. The second inside diameter is smaller than the first inside diameter. A difference between the first inside diameter and the second inside diameter is at most 100 ?m.

Abstract: A vial blinding assembly includes a vial having a stopper with a needle penetrable septum that is aligned with a compartment of the vial. A blinding shell has an interior surface that bounds a cavity, the vial being disposed within the cavity. The blinding shell includes: an encircling sidewall extending between a first end and an opposing second end; a shield wall inwardly projecting from the first end of the sidewall and encircling an access opening, the access opening communicating with the cavity of the blinding shell and being aligned with the septum of the stopper; and a floor inwardly projecting from the second end of the sidewall so as to block access to the cavity at the second end, wherein the blinding shell comprises a first shell portion and a second shell portion that are hingedly coupled together. In one embodiment, a hanging tab outwardly projects from the floor of the blinding shall and has a mounting hole extending therethrough.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for recovering autologous thrombin from a blood product. The blood product is drawn into an injecting syringe and a clot is allowed to form. A discharge port of the injecting syringe is communicably connected to an intake port of an aspirating syringe through a hydrophilic filter assembly. The injecting and aspirating syringes are simultaneously operated to transmit blood product through the filter such that fibrous clotting material and red blood cells are removed by the filter and a concentrated, high-quality thrombin solution is recovered.

Abstract: A transfer device for transferring a medical fluid from a vial to a medical fluid injection device includes a vial holder where a vial spike positioned within the vial holder is configured to enter a vial containing a medical fluid when the vial is inserted into the vial holder. An expansion chamber having an interior cavity is in fluid communication with the vial spike. A pressurized gas cartridge is positioned with the interior cavity of the expansion chamber, while a puncture tip is configured to puncture the pressurized gas cartridge when actuated by a user. The vial spike is also configured to be in fluid communication with an injection device attached to the transfer device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a connector for connecting a medical injection device to a container closed by a septum. The connector has a distal tip and a sleeve extending around the tip. The sleeve has an inner threaded portion. The connector includes a proximal part configured to engage the tip of the injection device. The proximal part includes an outer threaded portion configured to be removably screwed to the inner threaded portion of the sleeve, distal part configured to be connected to the container, and a hollow spike extending from the proximal part. The hollow spike has an internal volume in fluidic connection with the injection device and perforates the septum of the container when the distal part is connected to the container. The spike includes an opening in a distal end being configured to create a connection between the medical injection device and the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connector for connecting a medical injection device, including a barrel and a needle extending from a distal tip of the barrel, to a container including a septum. The connector includes an inner deformable cover and an outer rigid cover. The inner deformable cover extends along a cover axis and includes a proximal connection part configured to engage the distal tip of the barrel and a distal portion. The outer rigid cover encloses the inner deformable cover and includes a distal adaptor configured to engage the container. The outer cover is configured so the needle tip extends into the distal adaptor when the proximal connection part of the inner deformable cover engages the distal tip of the barrel. The outer rigid cover is fixed to the inner deformable cover. The inner deformable cover is compressible between a relaxed configuration and a compressed configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for the automated production of customizable dosage forms, the apparatus including a sterile chamber inside which a dosage form is formed. The apparatus further includes: a core supporting assembly for retaining a core inside the sterile chamber, one or more dispensing devices, each of which is configured to emit, in a controlled manner, in the direction of the core, a jet of a pharmaceutical compound, The apparatus further includes a motor assembly adapted to transmit a rotation about a central rotation axis to the core supporting assembly and with it to the core or to at least one dispensing device.

Abstract: A permeable spraying device for making drug tablets mainly comprises a carrying platform, a spraying equipment, a flattening device and a control equipment, the carrying platform defines a powder dropping area and a flattened spraying area, and a moving device combined with the carrying platform is capable of moving vertically. The spraying equipment is mounted above the carrying platform, and the spraying equipment comprises a powder box, a colloid spraying equipment, a driving device and a placement platform. The placement platform is disposed with a plurality of supplementary colloid carriers. The flattening device is installed on the carrying platform and moves horizontally back and forth in the flattened spraying area. The control equipment is equipped with a storage unit and an execution control unit. A multi-layer drug body structure can be formed by deposition, stacking and bonding.

Abstract: In an apparatus for dispensing, a dispenser includes a housing, a reservoir housed within the housing, a chute in fluid communication with the reservoir, wherein the chute is adjacent to the reservoir, a user input device, a power source housed within the housing, a logic housed within the housing, wherein the power source powers the logic, a motor housed within the housing, wherein the power source powers the motor, wherein the logic controls the motor, a gear train housed within the housing, wherein the motor drives the gear train, a first platform defining an opening, wherein a portion of the first platform abuts a bottom portion of the chute when the dispenser is in a non-dispensing state, and a second platform including a well, wherein the gear train is configured to rotate the second platform relative to the housing, and wherein when the logic sets the dispenser to a dispensing state a position of the well is adjustable relative to the housing via the user input device, such that the well substantially

Abstract: In some aspects, this disclosure relates to compositions and/or methods for identifying or diagnosing dental fractures. In some examples, a composition including a contrast agent is applied to a tooth, and then a diagnostic image of that tooth is obtained. The composition may include barium sulfate and/or radioactive iodine, which may be present in or throughout a dispersion medium facilitating application of the composition to a tooth. The barium sulfate may have a reduced particle size to facilitate dispersion within the medium, and therefore application to a tooth/ligament. The composition may include one or more oils, flavors, dyes, or other additives such as surfactants. The composition may be applied topically or via injection, such as injection into the adjacent periodontal ligament.

Abstract: An orthodontic article is described comprising the reaction product of a free-radically polymerizable resin; a first free-radical photoinitiator having sufficient absorbance at a first wavelength range; and a second free-radical initiator selected from a second photoinitiator having sufficient absorbance at a second wavelength range, wherein the second wavelength range is different than the first wavelength range, or a thermal free-radical initiator. In some embodiments, a 1 g/liter acetonitrile solution, at a pathlength of 1 cm, has an absorbance of greater than 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.10 at a wavelength of the first wavelength range when measured with a spectrophotometer. In some embodiments, the first free-radical photoinitiator exhibits a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of the range of 370-380 nm or 320-330 nm and/or comprises photoinitiator groups selected from acyl phosphine oxide or alkyl amine acetophenone.