Abstract: Embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed herein provide a game that includes at least two users that each have a preconfigured set of playable virtual entities. The users draw playable virtual entities from each of their respective sets of playable virtual entities, and can play the playable virtual entities in one or more battles to facilitate moving a virtual positional marker towards a goal or shooting a goal, wherein the battle procedures are based on a turn priority. Certain attributes are associated with the playable virtual entities so that playable virtual entity effects, OVR values, and salary values can affect which playable virtual entities are in a deck and how the playable virtual entities are affected by the location of the virtual positional marker and/or other playable virtual entities.

Abstract: A structure adapted to carry one or more persons is disclosed. The structure includes a sliding surface mounted on a supporting structure at a predetermined angle, wherein the sliding surface includes a first passage, a transition passage and a second passage. The first passage is configured to be connected with the second passage via the transition passage. The first passage and the second passage have decreasing radius of curvature towards the transition passage, thereby reducing oscillation amplitude of a person and guide the person towards a second opening. The person is tangentially launched onto the lager diameter of the first passage and is guide onto the second passage via the transition passage and is guided to an exit. The structure provides for an increased travel time.

Abstract: The present teachings include techniques for lifting a user (e.g., a person having an injury or a physical disability) onto playground equipment. One such technique includes coupling a lifting device to playground equipment and positioning a user on a first platform of the lifting device. Sub-platforms of the lifting device may be disposed between the first platform and an elevated engagement area of the playground equipment, where the sub-platforms define stairs between the first platform and the engagement area. An actuator may move the first platform upward toward the engagement area along a z-axis, and, either via the actuator or movement of the first platform, each of the plurality of sub-platforms may also move along the z-axis to form a substantially planar pathway between the first platform and the playground equipment at the elevated height.

Abstract: A simulated environment includes a motion control system. The motion control system comprises a suspension structure, a housing slidably engaged to the suspension structure such that the suspension controller translates in a planar manner relative to the suspension structure. A rotary component is rotatably attached to the housing. A plurality of winches are attached to the rotary component, the plurality of winches having cables to allow longitudinal movement of the cables parallel to a force of gravity.

Abstract: A toy figurine and/or toy figurine packaging is coated with a dissolvable layer. When the toy figurine is coated, the toy figurine is entirely coated so that its overall appearance, including its skin complexion and/or facial features, is substantially hidden or obscured. Then, when the figurine is submerged in a fluid, the dissolvable layer dissolves to reveal the figurine's appearance that had been hidden underneath the dissolvable layer. When the toy figurine packaging is coated, the toy figurine packaging hides the identity of a toy figurine enclosed therein until fluid is introduced to the packaging.

Abstract: A method and system for activating and canceling a first or second turn signal indicator for an R/C vehicle are provided. The method may include determining that the R/C vehicle is stationary and reading a rotation of a steering input to a stationary activation threshold. In addition, the method may include activating the turn signal indicator on a side of the R/C vehicle and setting an active turn signal indicator to on. Further actions in the method may involve determining that the R/C vehicle is in motion and reading a rotation of the steering input to a moving initiation threshold. Still further actions may include reading a rotation of the steering input in another direction to a moving cancellation threshold and deactivating the first or second turn signal indicator and setting the active turn signal indicator to off.

Abstract: The invention comprises a plurality of rectangular prism and/or cubic blocks. The sidewalls of the blocks comprise various combinations of grooves and/or pegs. Each groove extends along the respective sidewall within which it is disposed, from a corner wherein the top wall and the respective sidewall intersect to a corner wherein the bottom wall and the respective sidewall intersect. Each peg is configured to be slidably received into a groove disposed on another block within the plurality of blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved vapor recovery system. The vapor recovery system includes a vapor recovery tower and a vapor recovery unit. The vapor recovery tower includes an internal heat exchanger suitable for heating crude oil processed by the vapor recovery tower. The vapor recovery unit includes a compressor suitable for compressing and thereby heating vapors and gases separated from crude oil by the vapor recovery tower. The gases heated by compression within the vapor recovery unit subsequently pass through the jacket or shell of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser includes at least a first stage and a second stage. Each stage includes a condenser chamber including a carrier-gas inlet and a carrier-gas outlet and contains a condensing bath. Carrier gas bubbles from the carrier-gas inlet up through the condensing bath, overcoming a hydrostatic head of the condensing bath, to a volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath. The carrier-gas outlet is positioned with an opening for carrier-gas extraction, and the first-stage carrier-gas outlet is in fluid communication with the second-stage carrier-gas inlet to facilitate flow of the carrier gas through the condensing bath in the first-stage condenser chamber, into the volume of carrier gas above the first-stage condensing bath, and then through the condensing bath in the second-stage condenser chamber.

Abstract: Assemblies, systems, and methods for isolation of target material are provided. In various embodiments, an assembly for target material isolation includes a housing having an upper portion and a lower portion together defining an inner chamber. The inner chamber includes a semi-toroidal shape and the semi-toroidal shape defines a longitudinal axis. The assembly further includes one or more fluidic connection from the exterior of the housing to the inner chamber. An isolation material (e.g., polymer wool and/or magnetic beads) may be disposed within the inner chamber. A system includes a configured to fit at least a portion of the housing and releasably couple the assembly. Upon activation of the motor, the assembly may rotate about the longitudinal axis. An angle of the platform may be adjustable to thereby change the angle of the longitudinal axis about which the assembly rotates.

Abstract: A method of recovering an extraction aid from distillers corn oil, by directing stillage containing distillers oil and an extraction aid to a centrifugal separator, recovering a light phase from the centrifugal separator, the light phase containing at least a portion of the distillers oil and at least a portion of the extraction aid, cooling the light phase and causing a precipitate to form, and recovering a precipitate from the cooled light phase containing at least a portion of the extraction aid. A method of recovering distillers oil.

Abstract: A debubbler system includes a hollow enclosure that includes an inlet and an outlet directing the flow of coolant fluid into and out from the hollow enclosure, respectively. The debubbler system further includes a check valve to exhaust gaseous bubbles in the coolant fluid out of the hollow enclosure to reduce the gaseous bubbles in the coolant fluid. The debubbler system also includes a vent tube fluidly coupled to the check valve, such that the vent tube is positioned opposite a weighted member that is fixed relative to a central axel that rotates about a rotation axis. The debubbler system may be part of a cooling system for cooling electronics systems, such as light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems.

Abstract: A filtration device comprising a media basket, a baseplate, and a canister. The media basket is affixed to the baseplate. The canister has a cavity therein and is detachably coupled with the baseplate to enclose the media basket. The media basket contains a porous filtration material that efficiently removes contaminants from liquid. The device is configured to establish a first siphon to convey liquid from outside the device into the canister cavity through a canister pipe when a liquid level outside the filtration device is higher than the top of the weir in the canister pipe and configured to establish a second siphon to convey liquid from canister cavity through the top of a center riser pipe and out an outlet pipe when the first siphon has been established and the liquid level outside the filtration device is higher than the top of the center riser pipe.

Abstract: An underdrain apparatus and a method for manufacturing such apparatus are provided. The underdrain apparatus can be extruded in long sections as a unitary part. The underdrain apparatus may be extruded in various sizes, shapes, and materials. Further, the underdrain apparatus may include a passageway for transporting water to and from the filter media and/or air to the filter media. In some embodiments, apertures are formed in the underdrain apparatus during an extrusion process to provide a path between the passageway and the filter media.

Abstract: A filter element is provided that includes a plurality of individual fibers, wherein each individual fiber has a non-circular cross-section. The filter element also includes at least one flat sheet media, wherein the plurality of individual fibers are thermally bound to the at least one flat sheet media, wherein the flat sheet media is spirally wound to create a cylindrical profile.

Abstract: A supporting device for a filter device including a flat-woven material manufactured of warp devices and weft devices, which form a woven surface, wherein the flat-woven material shows, in two opposite end portions, two free ends of warp devices or weft devices protruding from the woven surface. The flat-woven material is shaped to form a predetermined three-dimensional shape with a free cross-section, and the free ends overlap and are interconnected. The present method provides for shaping the flat-woven material around a molding part until the free ends of the two end portions overlap. The ends are interconnected. A filtering device accordingly includes a supporting device and a filter device.

Abstract: A regenerative filter that includes a filter housing having inlet and outlet zones; a fluid path provided between the inlet and outlet zones; a plurality of filter elements each having an outer surface filter media applied thereto and functioning to filter particulate or contaminants from the fluid path; and a tube sheet that is supported across the filter housing, that is disposed just before the outlet zone and that provides the support for the plurality of filter elements. The plurality of filter elements are disposed in an array and includes bridging members or elements that connect between adjacent filter elements, and that forms with the filter elements, a closed interstitial space between adjacent filter elements for liquid flow; a nanoscale barrier on interior surfaces, including that of the regenerative media itself, providing a mechanism to disrupt the cell wall of microscopic viruses and organisms.

Abstract: A filter arrangement for an aquarium is disclosed. The filter arrangement can include a filter housing assembly, a pump assembly, and a transfer tube assembly. In one aspect, the housing assembly and the pump assembly are separately constructed assemblies that are connected to each other via a first dampening member to prevent vibration and sound from being transmitted from the pump assembly to the filter housing assembly. The filter arrangement can further include a second dampening member connecting the pump assembly with the transfer tube assembly to further prevent vibration and sound from being transmitted from the pump assembly to the filter housing assembly. A third dampening member can be provided at a location where the transfer tube assembly is supported within the filter housing assembly to further isolate vibration and sound from being transmitted from the pump assembly to the filter housing assembly via the transfer tube assembly.

Abstract: An in situ system of filter rejuvenation has a fluid inlet on a first side of a reaction chamber, a fluid outlet disposed on a second side of the reaction chamber, a filtration chamber with a first wall comprising a ceramic glass material with a pass-band in the infrared spectrum. The filtration chamber is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet so that a fluid introduced into the inlet passes through the filtration chamber and exits through the fluid outlet. The system has at least one infrared heating element configured to transmit infrared energy within the pass-band of the ceramic glass material to heat the filter medium disposed within the filtration chamber to a temperature of at least 260° C., which can gasify contaminants without combustion.

Abstract: A filter for a water cooler includes a housing having a surface and a cavity with cavity ports. The filter end is adapted to be received in the housing. The filter end includes a cylindrical base having a surface and a neck extending from the surface. The neck has filter ports and a side surface. The side surface has oppositely directed axially extending elongated protrusions configured to be received in channels in the housing. The base surface includes a complex set of protrusions which are adapted to be received in a similarly configured set of recesses in the housing surface. The protrusions/recesses may take the form of letters, numbers or symbols. The filter end is be fully seated in the housing in bayonet-type fashion to connect the filter ports and the housing ports o permit water to flow through the filter from the water supply to the water cooler.

Abstract: Articles and methods involving filter media are generally provided. In certain embodiments, the filter media includes at least a first layer, a second layer, and an adhesive resin positioned between the first layer and the second layer. In some embodiments, the first layer may be a pre-filter layer or a support layer. The second layer may, for example, comprise fibers formed by a solution spinning process and/or may comprise fine fibers. In some embodiments, the adhesive resin may be present in a relatively low amount and/or may have a low glass transition temperature. The filter media as a whole may have one or more advantageous properties, including one or more of a high stiffness, a high bond strength between the first layer and the second layer, a high gamma, and/or a low increase in air resistance after being subjected to an IPA vapor discharge. The filter media may be, for example, a HEPA filter and/or an ULPA filter.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to adhesive alloys and their use in filter media, and in particular to adhesive alloys that can be melt blown onto a filter media layer, and which are thermally activated to bond the filter media layer to another filter media layer. An adhesive alloy is provided. A thermally activated adhesive has a first melting temperature. A polymer has a second melting temperature greater than the first melting temperature. A ratio of the thermally activated adhesive in the adhesive alloy is in a range of 5 wt % to 70 wt %.

Abstract: A relofted, spunbonded nonwoven web exhibiting a solidity of from less than 8.0%, to at least 3.0%, and exhibiting a Quality Factor of at least 0.30. Methods of making a relofted web; and, methods of using a relofted web as an air-filtration web, e.g. as a filter media or a layer thereof.

Abstract: A water extractor includes a plurality of layers of low pressure zones and a plurality of channels of high pressure zones. The low pressure zone layers alternate, in a radial direction, with the high pressure zone channels. At least one of the low pressure zones is configured to enable a flow to enter, from at least one high pressure zone, to at least one low pressure zone.

Abstract: A suction assembly for a centrifugal air filter, including an axial fan for generating a cooling air flow and a Venturi nozzle having a flow pipe and an intake port which opens out in a constriction region within the flow pipe. The flow pipe in the outflow direction of the axial fan is penetrated by the cooling air flow in such a manner that a vacuum is initiated in the intake port.

Abstract: A filter unit configured to be arranged on a process apparatus for particulate removal from process air of a process apparatus includes a filter housing, a filter basket including a filter basket ring, and a filter. The filter is permeable to process air and impermeable to particles being treated. The filter basket is arranged between the filter housing and the filter, and the filter basket and the filter are fastenable to the filter housing. The filter unit includes a sealing mechanism including a sealant element. The sealing mechanism including a sealing element is arranged on the lower region of the filter housing.

Abstract: A filter device for the separation of impurities from a gas, including a filter housing having a lid and a pot; a filter element installed in the pot; a top cap has an inlet duct for receiving gas to be purified, the inlet duct connects to the inlet of the lid; a positioning device configured to position the top cap in relation to the lid when mounting the pot on the lid, and on the other hand with pressure device configured to press the entrance of the inlet duct against the inlet of the lid after mounting the pot on the lid, whereby the positioning device and the pressure device are designed in such a way that the positioning device come into action earlier than the pressure device during the mounting of the pot on the lid.

Abstract: A round filter element has a filter medium body with a wall to be flowed through by a fluid to be purified in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the filter medium body. A circumferentially extending seal carrier is arranged at or adjacent to an end face of the filter medium body. A sealing element is supported at the seal carrier adjacent to a radial outer side of the filter medium body. A positioning element extends into the filter medium body and engages with a correlated housing-associated counter positioning element of a filter housing when the round filter element is installed in the filter housing. The seal carrier separates flow-tightly a raw side of the round filter element from a clean side of the round filter element when the round filter element is installed in the filter housing.

Abstract: A dust collector includes an enclosure and a tube sheet separating filter and clean air compartments. The tube sheet forms a filter opening and a filter is located within the filter compartment and includes a filter flange having an air outlet aligned with said filter opening. The flange includes first and second alignment structures located on a first lateral side of the flange. A clamping assembly includes first and second filter clamps that are movable between a sealing position for sealing the filter flange against the tube sheet, and a release position. The first filter clamp engages the first alignment structure when in the sealing position. The second filter clamp engages the second alignment structure when in the sealing position. The dust collector includes means for moving the filter clamps between the sealing position and the release position.

Abstract: A filter device separating impurities from a gas, including a filter housing having a lid and a pot; the lid having an inlet and an outlet; a filter element in the pot with a top cap and a bottom cap with a filter cartridge therebetween; the top cap has an inlet duct connected to the lid inlet so that the gas to be purified is passed through the inlet duct to the filter cartridge; a space is between the lid and the top cap which is connected to the outlet of the lid; a switching element to be installed rotatably in the lid and rotatable between an off-position in which the inlet port or the outlet port connects to respectively the inlet or outlet of the lid, and a twisted position, in which the entrance of the inlet duct of the top cap can connect to the lid inlet.

Abstract: Systems and methods of filtering with filter assemblies including a frame having a header structure, an end cap structure, and a plurality of side plates coupling the header structure to the end cap structure are provided. The filter pleated media may include an upstream surface and a downstream surface opposite the upstream surface in a direction of flow through the filter assembly, and the filter pleated media may include a pleated configuration. The filter assemblies may further include a support member coupled to a portion of the frame and along at least one of the upstream surface or the downstream surface of the filter pleated media. The support member may at least partially penetrate the pleated configuration and extend into a pleat of the pleated configuration of the filter pleat media.

Abstract: A roll forming method may be used to provide a pleated filter media pack and filter cartridges with channels formed. The pack includes a strip of a filter media extending opposed edges and opposed front and back sides. The strip is pleat tips with spacer structure such as integrally formed embossments maintaining a spacing between pleat panels. The inlet and outlet flow faces are created by the edges of the filter media rather than the pleat tips. Alternating pairs of pleat panels are closed such as by seal beads at the inlet and outlet flow faces.

Abstract: A pleated air filter media is provided. The pleated air filter media comprises a plurality of upstream linear bridging filaments that are extrusion-bonded to at least some of a plurality of upstream pleat tips of a fibrous web, and a plurality of downstream continuous-contact filaments that are extrusion-bonded to a downstream face of the fibrous web. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

Abstract: A pleated air filter media with a plurality of continuous-contact reinforcing filaments on at least one face of the pleated air filter. The filaments have locally-thinned bending zones each of which is registered with pleat tip or pleat valley of the pleated air filter media.

Abstract: A heat pump includes a vapor compression system and a cooling unit thermally coupled to the vapor compression system. A purge system is arranged in fluid communication with the vapor compression system. The purge system includes at least one separator operable to separate contaminants from a refrigerant purge gas provided to the purge system from the vapor compression system.

Abstract: A filter for removing multiple target molecules from a gas stream, including a three-dimensional porous support permeable to the gas stream and a first plurality of active particles for removing a first undesired molecule and a second plurality of active particles for removing a second undesired molecule, wherein the first plurality of active particles are different from the second plurality of active particle, and wherein the first and second plurality of active particles are immobilized in or by the solid support. Also, a composite filter for removing components from an airstream by trapping or conversion using a composite filter containing multiple distinct active regions with varying chemical properties with different chemical composition within the same filter.

Abstract: Provided is a system for adsorbing a gaseous component comprising nitrogen from a pressurized flow of air containing the gaseous component. The system comprises a first adsorption bed, and a second adsorption bed. Each of the adsorption beds are suitable for selectively adsorbing the gaseous component from the flow of air to produce a product gas having a higher oxygen concentration than that of the air. The system includes an adjustable feed gas supply which alternately supplies the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed with the air. The first adsorption bed is supplied with air during a first half cycle of operation of the system, and the second adsorption bed is then supplied with air during a second half cycle of operation of the system. The feed gas supply enables adjustment of at least one parameter relating to the amount or respective amounts of air being supplied to the first adsorption bed in the first half cycle and/or to the second adsorption bed in the second half cycle.

Abstract: A multi-stage process to remove contaminant gases from raw methane streams is provided. The present technology is an innovative solution to recover and purify biogas by use of a process having at least two pressure swing adsorption stages. Taking advantage of the presence of carbon dioxide in the raw biogas streams, nitrogen and oxygen are bulky removed in the first stage, using selective adsorbents, and a nitrogen and oxygen-depleted intermediate stream is yielded to the second stage.

Abstract: An atmospheric water generation system comprises water vapor consolidation systems configured to increase the relative humidity of a controlled air stream prior to condensing water from the controlled air stream. The water vapor consolidation system comprises a fluid-desiccant flow system configured to decrease the temperature of the desiccant to encourage water vapor to be absorbed by the desiccant from an atmospheric air flow. The desiccant flow is then heated to encourage water vapor evaporation from the desiccant flow into a controlled air stream that circulates within the system. The humidity of the controlled air stream is thereby increased above the relative humidity of the atmospheric air to facilitate condensation of the water vapor into usable liquid water.

Abstract: Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide and polycarboxylic acid based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method of making an improved carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane in which a precursor polymer (e.g., polyimide) is pyrolyzed at a pyrolysis temperature to form a CMS membrane that is cooled to ambient temperature (about 40° C. or 30° C. to about 20° C.). The CMS membrane is then reheated to a reheating temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature to form the improved CMS membrane. The improved CMS membranes have shown an improved combination of selectivity and permeance as well as stability for separating hydrogen from gas molecules (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, butane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, butylene, and combinations thereof).

Abstract: The present invention relates to CO2 capture from gas mixtures by use of gas separation membranes. In particular, the invention relates to a gas separation membrane comprising: a gas permeable or porous support layer; and at least one CO2 selective polymer layer comprising carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes fixed within the at least one CO2 selective polymer layer. The present invention also relates to the method of separating CO2 from a gas and to the use of the gas separation membrane.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation recovery method includes: bringing a particulate carbon dioxide adsorbent and a treatment target gas containing carbon dioxide into contact with each other to make the carbon dioxide adsorbent adsorb the carbon dioxide contained in the treatment target gas; and bringing the carbon dioxide adsorbent which has adsorbed the carbon dioxide and superheated steam into contact with each other to desorb the carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide adsorbent and thereby regenerate the carbon dioxide adsorbent, and recovering the desorbed carbon dioxide. A saturation temperature of the superheated steam which is brought into contact with the carbon dioxide adsorbent is not more than a temperature of the carbon dioxide adsorbent which contacts the superheated steam. The regenerated carbon dioxide adsorbent is utilized for adsorption of the carbon dioxide again without being subjected to a drying step.

Abstract: Polyethylenimine coated polymeric beads comprising a polymer that comprises, based on the weight of the polymer, from 25% to 75% by weight of structural units of an acetoacetoxy or acetoacetamide functional monomer, and from 25% to 75% by weight of structural units of a polyvinyl monomer; the polyethylenimine having a number average molecular weight of 300 g/mol or more; the polyethylenimine coated polymeric beads having a specific surface area in the range of from 20 to 400 m2/g; a process of preparing the polyethylenimine coated polymeric beads; a gas filter device comprising the polyethylenimine coated polymeric beads as a filter medium; and a method of removing aldehydes from air containing aldehydes, comprising contacting the air with the polyethylenimine coated polymeric beads.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing a concentrated solution from a gas stream are disclosed. The method of producing a concentrate solution includes introducing the gas stream having the contaminant into an absorption chamber, introducing a dilute liquid having the contaminant into the absorption chamber, at least one of the gas stream and the dilute liquid being at an elevated temperature, and contacting the gas stream with the dilute solution to produce a liquid-enriched gas stream and a concentrate solution. The systems for producing a concentrated solution include a source of a gas stream having a contaminant, a source of a dilute solution having the contaminant, and an absorption chamber fluidly connected to the source of the gas stream and the source of the dilute solution. The source of the dilute solution can have a subsystem for removing contaminants from the gas stream, constructed and arranged to receive the gas stream or a liquid-enriched gas and produce the dilute solution.

Abstract: A method for removing nitrogen oxides NOx from a gaseous current, comprising the steps of: passing the gaseous current through a de-NOx catalytic bed with iron exchanged zeolite as a catalyst with the addition of ammonia as a reducing agent, wherein the molar ratio of NH3 over NOx is greater than 1.33.

Abstract: A device for treating exhaust gases which has an outer wall which has an opening in order to electrically contact one or more conductor tracks, which are arranged within an interior space that is surrounded by the outer wall, through the outer wall. The opening is arranged in a projection which protrudes outward from the interior space and is integrally formed with the outer wall.

Abstract: A method for washing a filter is used in a seawater desalination process including a first filtration step for subjecting seawater to microfiltration or ultrafiltration, and a second filtration step for subjecting seawater after the first filtration step to a reverse osmosis treatment. The filter is a microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane used in the first filtration step. An iron compound is added to seawater in any stage in the washing method. The washing method includes a washing chemical liquid preparation step for preparing washing chemical liquid, and a sticking matter removal step for removing matter sticking to the filter by bringing the filter into contact with washing chemical liquid. In the washing chemical liquid preparation step, seawater after the first filtration step is mixed with at least hydrogen peroxide to prepare washing chemical liquid having an iron compound concentration of 1.50 mmol/L or more in terms of iron atoms.

Abstract: Filtration membrane with improved mechanical stability and increased resistance to pressure is provided. The filtration membrane is useful for in vivo implantable filtration devices, such as, an artificial kidney. In vivo implantable filtration devices are also provided.

Abstract: A free standing liquid membrane is disclosed that can selectively separate objects based on the kinetic energy value of the objects such that either an object having a first kinetic energy value can pass through the free standing liquid membrane while retaining the membrane and/or an object having a second kinetic energy value is prevented from passing through the membrane while retaining the membrane. Advantageously, the free standing liquid membrane can remain intact for seconds to hours with multiple objects passing through the membrane.