Abstract: A method for dynamically switching blood pressure measurement model, adapted to a wearable blood pressure measurement device with a biosignal sensing assembly and a processor, wherein said biosignal sensing assembly comprises two exposed electrodes, comprises: obtaining potential difference by said two exposed electrodes; determining whether potential difference is smaller than potential threshold by processor; obtaining first biosignal of specified user by biosignal sensing assembly when potential difference is smaller than the potential threshold; calculating first blood pressure value by processor according to at least first biosignal and first blood pressure model and outputting first blood pressure value; obtaining second biosignal of specified user by biosignal sensing assembly when potential difference is not smaller than the potential threshold, wherein types of first and second biosignal are different; and calculating second blood pressure value by processor according to second biosignal and second b

Abstract: High blood pressure measurement accuracy is made possible even with a cuff reduced in width. Provided is a bag-shaped structure for use in a cuff for a blood pressure monitor that is wrapped around a living body and is inflated by supplying a fluid to an internal space to apply a pressure to the living body, including an inner wall portion that is positioned on a living body's side, has a Shore A hardness within a range of 15 to 75, and has a thickness within a range of 0.10 mm to 0.40 mm, an outer wall portion that faces the inner wall portion, and a pair of side wall portions that are provided in a manner to be continuous with the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion, have a Shore A hardness equal to a Shore A hardness of the inner wall portion, and have a thickness that falls within a range of 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm and is equal to or greater than a thickness of the inner wall portion.

Abstract: A system includes signal acquisition circuitry and a processing unit. The signal acquisition circuitry is configured to receive multiple intra-cardiac signals acquired by multiple electrodes of an intra-cardiac probe in a heart of a patient. The processing unit is configured to select a group of the intra-cardiac signals, extract a respective most-likely annotation value from each of the intra-cardiac signals in the group, in accordance with a likelihood criterion, identify in the group an intra-cardiac signal whose most-likely annotation value is statistically deviant in the group by more than a predefined measure of deviation, extract, from the intra-cardiac signal having the statistically deviant annotation value, at least a second-most-likely annotation value in accordance with the likelihood criterion, and, responsive to a statistical deviation of the second-most-likely annotation value, select a valid annotation value for the corresponding intra-cardiac signal.

Abstract: A device is described for the transcutaneous location of an intracorporeally, subcutaneously located medical implant, which has an implant surface on which at least one electrical coil is arranged. The coil has at least one coil winding enclosing a region of the implant surface, together with an extracorporeally operable unit, to which at least one electrical coil is fitted, which is adapted in shape and size to the electrical coil arranged on the implant, and which is connected to an electrical control unit and to a signalling means, which generates a perceptible signal, at least in the case of maximum inductive coupling between the two electrical coils.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for determining orientation of a capsule endoscope. An external magnetic field is provided outside the capsule endoscope, and an internal magnetic field is provided inside the capsule endoscope. Magnetic field data is obtained according to the external magnetic field and the internal magnetic field, and acceleration data of the capsule endoscope is obtained. When the polarization direction of the external magnetic field is horizontal, the orientation information of the capsule endoscope is obtained according to the acceleration data. When the polarization direction of the external magnetic field is non-horizontal, the orientation information of the capsule endoscope is obtained according to the acceleration data and the magnetic field data.

Abstract: A medical system may comprise a processor and a surgical device including a tracking system disposed along a length of an elongate flexible body. The processor may receive a first model of anatomic passageways of a patient anatomy. The first model may include a set of model passageways representing proximal and distal branches. The processor may also receive from the tracking system a shape of the elongate flexible body positioned within the proximal and distal branches. The processor may also determine, based on the shape of the elongate flexible body, a set of forces acting on the patient anatomy in response to the surgical device positioned within the proximal and distal branches. The processor may also generate a second model by deforming the first model based on the set of forces and display the second model and a representation of the elongate flexible body within the second model.

Abstract: A capnometer (10) includes an integrated device (30, 30A, 30B) comprising a substrate (40), a lead selenide (PbSe) layer (42) or other infrared light absorbing layer disposed on the substrate, and a bandpass filter layer (50) disposed on the substrate. A temperature sensor tracks temperature of the device. A CO2 measurement cell (20) has light source (28) arranged to emit light (L) that passes through a flow path (F) and then through the bandpass filter layer of to reach the PbSe or other infrared light absorbing layer. Electronics (32) connected with the PbSe or other infrared light absorbing layer measure a photoconductivity signal. The electronics includes signal processing circuitry to convert the photoconductivity signal to a carbon dioxide partial pressure or concentration value. The electronics also includes the temperature sensor to enable accurate and fast temperature control of the device and instant temperature compensation for the temperature change.

Abstract: A respiratory therapy device that is adapted to matingly, frictionally connect with dimensionally standardized devices and device adaptors, that when combined, allow for respiratory treatments. It monitors the direction of the air and or medicament flow (gases) in the device and can visually report as well as record the number of PEP treatment events or the number of medicament administrations by utilizing at least one bidirectional motion sensor therein. It presents a resettable, visual indicator for each pulse of gas that passes along its interior passage as well as providing a stored and transmittable record of these pulmonary events. It has an energy saving mode that will only allow the unit to be powered for operation when it is being handled.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for monitoring respiration using surface temperature, humidity, air pressure, carbon dioxide gas sensors, pulse oximetry sensors and electromyography sensors, and/or acceleration sensors to obtain information related to respiration rate (RR), exhalation/inhalation strength, exhalation/inhalation volume, exhalation/inhalation acceleration, and/or exhalation/inhalation regularity.

Abstract: An illustrative method for checking a usability of an impression model of a human ear includes determining an estimated shape model of the human ear by adapting a statistical shape model to the impression model, wherein the statistical shape model has been determined from a plurality of impression models of a plurality of human ears and wherein the statistical shape model has at least one impression feature, which is mapped to an estimated impression feature of the estimated shape model; determining a feature classification from the estimated impression feature; and when the feature classification is within an allowed feature classification range, rating the impression model as usable.

Abstract: Method and system of training a machine learning neural network (MLNN) monitoring anatomical dynamics of a subject in motion. The method comprises receiving, in a first input layer of the MLNN, from a millimeter wave (mmWave) radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing a first gait characteristic; receiving, in a second layer of the MLNN, from the mmWave radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing a second gait characteristic; the first and the at least a second input layers being interconnected with an output layer via an intermediate layer having an initial matrix of weights; training a MLNN classifier based on a supervised classification establishing correlation between a degenerative condition of the subject at the output layer and the point cloud data; and adjusting the initial matrix of weights by backpropagation to increase correlation between the degenerative condition and the sets of point cloud data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for non-invasive determination of airway resistance for the detection of pulmonary airway disease includes providing an apparatus and method wherein changes in a pulsatile blood pressure waveform are detected by PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG) or Ballistography (BSG) and are automatically determined to reflect decreases in airflow and changes in airway resistance.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring eye blink mechanics is disclosed herein. One or more sensors mounted on an eyeglass frame may record blink mechanics over an extended period of time, typically longer than can be observed by a doctor during the course of a clinical examination, using camera imaging or infrared reflection. The system and method for monitoring eye blink mechanics provides a simultaneous record of blink rate and drying of the tear film, and may also monitor completeness of the individual blink process. Recorded data may be downloaded to a data processing system for analysis, the results of which are used to indicate treatment for DES, DBM, and other blink related pathologies. The system may also provide treatment through feedback based on real-time measurements by training the patient to correct dysfunctional blink mechanics as they are occurring.

Abstract: A PPG pulse oximeter employing a dual PPG probe including a central PPG sensor and a peripheral PPG sensor connectable in a circuit configuration with a pulse oximeter monitor. In operation, the pulse oximeter monitor controls synchronous generations of a central PPG signal by the central PPG sensor and of a peripheral PPG signal by the peripheral PPG sensor, and also control a CPR pulse detection via the dual PPG probe including a detection of a presence of a spontaneous pulse of the central PPG signal and a detection of a presence of a spontaneous pulse of the peripheral PPG signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed invention provide wearable devices that use a humidity sensor to measure sweat rate generated from an area of skin. A sensing chamber is continuously filled with a sweat sample, which forms a droplet and alters the humidity measured within the chamber. Once the sweat sample droplet expands to the edge of the chamber, the droplet contacts a wick and is drawn away, so the chamber can fill with a subsequent droplet. The device uses a droplet volume and the time required to reach a maximum humidity to calculate a sweat rate. A pump is used to draw old sweat sample out of the wick to allow extended device operation. Some embodiments also include capacitive sensors to perform back up measurements. Another set of embodiments includes alternatively shaped sensing chambers configured to reduce sample volumes or improve function. A method for determining sweat rate based on humidity sensor measurements is also included.

Abstract: Improved graphical user interfaces for analyte monitoring systems are provided herein. In particular, disclosed herein are various embodiments of Time-in-Ranges interfaces and Analyte Level/Trend Alert interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wearable, wireless, non-invasive blood glucose measurement system comprising an infrared LED-enabled wireless ring interfaced with machine learning software wherein the ring outputs data from the wearer used to determine the blood glucose concentrations of the wearer in real time. The blood glucose data analytics can be subsequently sent to, and displayed on, a smart mobile device, such as an iPhone®, or distributed over a cloud network.

Abstract: Systems for applying a transcutaneous monitor to a person can include a telescoping assembly, a sensor, and a base with adhesive to couple the sensor to skin. The sensor can be located within the telescoping assembly while the base protrudes from a distal end of the system. The system can be configured to couple the sensor to the base by compressing the telescoping assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a continuous blood sugar measuring device, and provides a continuous blood sugar measuring device which is capable of minimizing additional work of a user in order to attach a body attachment unit, by manufacturing the body attachment unit to be assembled inside an applicator so that the body attachment unit can be attached to the body simply by operating the applicator and, particularly: communicating with an external terminal by providing a wireless communication chip in the body attachment unit so that simple and convenient use is possible and maintenance can easily be performed without the additional work of connecting a separate transmitter; initiating operation by a manipulation of the user, after attaching the body attachment unit to the body, so that an operation initiation time can be adjusted to a suitable time according to the need of the user; and initiating operation in a stabilized state to enable a more accurate measurement of blood sugar.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-invasively estimating a biological component is provided. The apparatus may include: a sensor configured to measure a calibration spectrum for a first duration and measure a biological component estimation spectrum for a second duration, based on light returning from an object; and a processor configured to remove a signal of a biological component from the calibration spectrum to obtain a background spectrum for the first duration, and estimate the biological component, based on the background spectrum and the biological component estimation spectrum, for the second duration in response to a command for measuring the biological component.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: Methods of diagnosing and/or monitoring tuberculosis (TB) in a subject by analyzing a test sample comprising at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) or semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) emitted or excreted from the skin of the subject. The test sample can be analyzed by a sensing unit comprising nanomaterials- and/or polymer-based sensors. Further provided is a skin-mountable device comprising a fixing unit and said sensing unit. Also discloses a method of diagnosing and/or monitoring tuberculosis, comprising analyzing specific skin-emitted VOCs or SVOCs, which are indicative of tuberculosis in a subject.

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (herein “OCT”) based analyte monitoring systems are disclosed. In one aspect, techniques are disclosed that can identify fluid flow in vivo (e.g., blood flow), which can act as a metric for gauging the extent of blood perfusion in tissue. For instance, if OCT is to be used to estimate the level of an analyte (e.g., glucose) in tissue, a measure of the extent of blood flow can potentially indicate the presence of an analyte correlating region, which would be suitable for analyte level estimation with OCT. Another aspect is related to systems and methods for scanning multiple regions. An optical beam is moved across the surface of the tissue in two distinct manners. The first can be a coarse scan, moving the beam to provide distinct scanning positions on the skin. The second can be a fine scan where the beam is applied for more detailed analysis.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a catheter configured to detect at least one blood gas parameter present in blood in an artery of a patient, including, but not limited to, a catheter wall forming at least one lumen configured for umbilical arterial catheterization, at least one optical fiber incorporated in the catheter wall, wherein the at least one optical fiber is configured to detected the at least one blood gas parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biosensor. The biosensor comprises: an electrode; and a polymer structure disposed on the electrode and formed of poly-5,2?:5?,2?-terthiophene-3-carboxylic acid (pTTCA), wherein an enzyme is present in a state of covalently binding with pTTCA inside the polymer structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods of use for continuous analyte measurement of a host's vascular system are provided. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose measurement system includes a vascular access device, a sensor and sensor electronics, the system being configured for insertion into communication with a host's circulatory system.

Abstract: A cartridge is designed to secure and position a waste tube during a blood draw operation. The cartridge includes a T-shaped body with a tubular central portion and one or more gripping flanges. The tubular central portion has an open first end and an elongated cavity elongated cavity that is sized and shaped to receive the waste tube through the open first end. The one or more gripping flanges are attached to a second end of the tubular central portion opposite the first end and extend out away from the tubular central portion in a plane substantially perpendicular to elongated cavity. The cartridge further includes a plunger mechanism affixed to the T-shaped body. The plunger mechanism includes a stem adapted to slide into the cavity through the second end of tubular central portion responsive to an applied external force to eject the waste tube from the cavity through the open first end of the cavity.

Abstract: A plasmapheresis system and a method for operating a plasmapheresis system are provided by which a volume of plasma product (i.e., anticoagulated plasma) so that that the targeted volume of pure plasma in the plasma product is determined based on donor-specific characteristics. In particular, the targeted amount of pure plasma to be collected is based on the weight, or the weight and the height, of the donor. The targeted volume of pure plasma to be collected, TVP, may be a multiple of the donor's weight. Alternatively, TVP may be a multiple of the donor's total blood volume, TBV, with the TBV of the donor being determined based on the donor's weight and height. A target volume for the plasma product to be collected, TVPP, is established, and separation of whole blood into a plasma component and a second component continues until the volume of plasma product in a collection container equals TVPP.

Abstract: An example information processing system executes a game application. The information processing system obtains user information for calculating information relating to sleep of a user, and calculates health information relating to sleep and/or fatigue of the user based on the obtained user information. The information processing system controls a game progress of the game application based on the health information.

Abstract: A method of detecting and treating stress in a patient includes receiving in a controller patient information obtained passively from one or more electronic devices associated with the patient; analyzing the patient information with the controller; determining in the controller, from the analyzing of the patient information, a stress-reducing treatment for the patient; and providing the stress-reducing treatment to the patient.

Abstract: A cognitive ability detection apparatus (10) includes a visual information acquisition unit (12), a brain signal acquisition unit (13), and a detection unit (14). The visual information acquisition unit (12) is configured to acquire visual information of a subject to a visual stimulus included in video. The brain signal acquisition unit (13) is configured to acquire a brain signal of the subject. The detection unit (14) is configured to detect an event-related potential from the brain signal by using, as a starting point, a video trigger based on an occurrence timing of the visual stimulus, detect whether there is a point of gaze for the visual stimulus from the visual information, and detect a cognitive ability level to the visual stimulus.

Abstract: A muscular strength characteristic evaluation method evaluates a muscular strength characteristic of a limb 3 including a first rod L1 having a base end supported by a first joint Ji, and a second rod L2 supported by a free end of the first rod via a second joint J2. The muscular strength characteristic evaluation method includes the following steps. In Step ST1, a free end of the second rod is moved at two or more different velocities va, vb, and vc in a predetermined direction, and an output at the free end of the second rod is respectively measured at a predetermined position O. In Step ST2, a function indicating a relationship between the output and the velocity in a direction is calculated based on the output and the velocity. In Steps ST3 and ST4, the muscular strength characteristic is evaluated based on the function.

Abstract: An intraoperative neuromonitoring system for evaluating nerve function via a plurality of neural monitoring modalities includes an invasive medical instrument, a plurality of stimulating electrodes, a plurality of peripheral sensors, a patient module, and a control unit in communication with the patient module. The control unit is configured to maintain a range of acceptable values for each of a plurality of different neural monitoring modalities, determine, for each of the plurality of different neural monitoring modalities, whether the respective modality is within the range of acceptable values for that respective modality based on the indication of neuromuscular activity from one or more of the plurality of peripheral sensors, and provide an indication on a common screen displayed via the display, whether each respective neural monitoring modality is inside or outside of the range of acceptable values for that modality.

Abstract: Biological measurement systems and methods are described. In one embodiment, a biological function monitoring system includes a first monitoring device, including a first sensor, a first processor, and a first transmitter. The first sensor senses a first biological function measurement during monitoring a biological function and derives a first data symbol representing the first biological function measurement. The first processor accesses the first data symbol from the first sensor, and combines two or more chaotic waveforms from a first chaotic waveform ensemble, generating a first composite chaotic waveform. The first transmitter transmits the first composite chaotic waveform to a receiver over a communication channel. The biological function monitoring system may include a second monitoring device that is similar to the first monitoring device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an RR interval ECG data distribution display method. The RR interval ECG data distribution display method includes: extracting an RR interval from a dynamic electrocardiogram, and dividing the RR interval according to the preset time interval to obtain N sub-RR intervals; obtaining the ECG data of the RR interval, wherein the ECG data includes at least two heartbeat types and the number of heartbeats corresponding to each of the heartbeat types; traversing the ECG data of each of the sub-RR intervals, and performing the cumulative summation operation on the number of heartbeats corresponding to the same heartbeat type to obtain the number of heartbeats of each heartbeat type in the N sub-RR intervals; and displaying the number of heartbeats of each heartbeat type and the heartbeat types in the N sub-RR intervals in the form of a distribution diagram.

Abstract: A method comprising: receiving a plurality of data segments each representing human cardiac activity; calculating, from each of said data segments, a first value representing a distribution of a heart rate variability (HRV) parameter; acquiring a signal representing cardiac activity in a patient; deriving a second value representing distribution of an HRV parameter in said signal; and indicating an atrial fibrillation (AF) event in said patient, when a difference between said first and second values is above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed are various examples and embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods configured to detect the locations of sources of cardiac rhythm disorders in a patient's heart, and then to generate an estimate or probability of the patient being free from atrial fibrillation. The various embodiments employ at least one computing device to process a plurality of electrogram surfaces through time to generate at least one electrographical flow (EGF) map, representation, pattern, or data set, and then process the at least one EGF map, representation, pattern, or data set to determine at least two of source activity levels, flow angle variability (FAV) levels, and active fractionation (AFR) levels corresponding thereto. On the basis of a combination of the determined at least two of source activity levels, FAV levels, and AFR levels, an electrographical volatility index (EVI) score or metric representative of the estimate or probability of the patient being free from AF is generated.

Abstract: A neurovascular coupling analytical method based on an electroencephalogram and functional near-infrared spectroscopy includes: S100: acquiring an electroencephalogram signal and a brain hemodynamic signal; S110: extracting an event-related potential signal from the electroencephalogram signal; S120: extracting a time characteristic from the event-related potential signal; S130: extracting a hemodynamic response function from the brain hemodynamic signal; S140: extracting an amplitude characteristic and time characteristics from the hemodynamic response function; and S150: analyzing influence of the time characteristic of the event-related potential signal on the amplitude characteristic and the time characteristics of the hemodynamic response function to obtain a coupling result. The time characteristic of the event-related potential signal is a delay.

Abstract: This invention discloses an apparatus for conducting electroencephalography while allowing for secure and easy application to a human subject's forehead. The apparatus may be changed in size to fit each human subject without affecting the electronic components within the apparatus. Operation of the apparatus may be by a computer programming product in the nature of a software on a computer or an application on a mobile computer device. Signals collected from the apparatus may be used in a variety of applications, including brain computer interface, transport safety, neurofeedback, esports, virtual and augmented reality, as well as tracking sleep patterns.

Abstract: A reinforcement learning brain-machine interface (RL-BMI) can have a policy that governs how detected signals, emanating from a motor cortex of a subject's brain, are translated into action. The policy can be improved by detecting a motor signal having a characteristic and emanating from the motor cortex. The system can provide, to a device and based on (i) the motor signal and (ii) an instruction policy, a command signal resulting in a first action by a device. Additionally, an evaluation signal, emanating from the motor cortex in response to the first action, can also be detected. With the foregoing information, the system can adjust the policy based on the evaluation signal such that a subsequent motor signal, from the subject's brain, having the characteristic results in a second action, by the device, different from the first action, as needed.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for modeling brain dynamics in normal and diseased states.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for early detection of dementia overcomes the shortcomings of conventional systems and methods for detecting dementia. This is achieved by providing an apparatus and method for employing an early dementia biomarker based on the response to sensory stimulation during sleep, such as during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for utilizing visuomotor error augmentation for balance rehabilitation are provided. An exemplary method includes displaying a dynamic virtual environment defined by an optical flow, obtaining position data of an anatomical portion of a subject that is virtually traversing the dynamic virtual environment, and using the position data to determine a mediolateral displacement measurement of the subject. The method further includes utilizing the mediolateral displacement measurement to define feedback control loop data, establishing an augmented visual error that dynamically adjusts the dynamic virtual environment, wherein the augmented visual error is based on the feedback control loop data and a predefined visual gain factor, and adjusting the optical flow of the dynamic virtual environment by using the augmented visual error.

Abstract: A seizure characterization method includes correlating locations of electrodes placed around a brain and used to produce sequential electroencephalography (EEG) signals with a three-dimensional anatomical brain model derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sequential EEG signals are modelled from the electrodes placed around the brain in three dimensions using cortical and sub-cortical brain regions included in the brain model to define constraints for the numerical solution. Amounts of the sequential EEG signals are quantified in three dimensions relative to the brain regions included in the brain model. The method also includes establishing, based on the quantifying, at least one propagation pattern of the sequential EEG signals in time relative to the brain regions in the brain model.

Abstract: A system performs concurrent detection and early detection of epileptic seizure episodes, based on scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) of a patient collected through a data acquisition device in the course of the patient's normal daily activities. An early detection model, which is trained and retrained applying machine learning techniques at predetermined intervals on the collected data, enables issuing of an early warning of an upcoming seizure episode to allow the patient to take necessary preparatory actions (e.g., seeking a safe location for the episode to happen and alerting care-givers).

Abstract: One example implementation includes an extractor controller to control extraction of blood from a user; a detection fluid manager to mix the blood and a detection fluid to form magnetized test particles, the detection fluid comprising dye coated magnetic particles; a particle flow controller to remove magnetized test particles from the mixed blood and detection fluid; and an allergen detector to detect exposure to an allergen based on a color of the test particles.

Abstract: A method for measuring skin by an electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure comprises: an operation of irradiating at least one light into skin to which a patch is adhered; an operation of detecting at least one reflected light on the basis of an amount of moisture in the skin, which is changed by physiologically active substances injected through the patch, corresponding to the irradiated light; an operation of generating patch adherence information indicating a skin adhesive state of the patch on the basis of the detection result of the at least one reflected light; and an operation of providing the generated patch adherence information to an output unit or a communication unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for employing the macro- and micro-structure of sleep and similar states of consciousness to optimize pain-treatment are disclosed wherein an objective biomarker of pain-related sleep disturbance guides pain treatment from a sleep perspective. Furthermore, this concept can be extended to states of reduced consciousness such as coma or sedation. Additionally, it could be applied on individuals who are non-communicative due to injury, disease, language issues and/or infancy.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for modeling at least a sleep parameter for a subject. In some embodiments, a method for predicting at least a sleep parameter for a subject comprises: obtaining sleep and/or wake information related to a subject for a given period of time; estimating bedtime and/or wakeup time of the subject using a sleep model and the sleep and/or wake information; predicting at least a sleep parameter of the subject for an upcoming time interval based upon the sleep model and the estimated bedtime and/or wakeup time; obtaining physiological information of the subject; and adjusting the predicted sleep parameter for the upcoming time interval based upon the sleep model and the physiological information.

Abstract: A method of determining a sleep phenotype of a subject includes defining a stimulus profile, defining a response profile, administering the stimulus profile to the subject, collecting response data of the subject in accordance with the response profile; comparing the response data to a set of reference data, and determining sleep phenotype based on the comparison of the response data to the reference data. The method is characterized by determining sleep phenotype based on measuring responses to administered stimuli rather than observing typical physiological data observed during periods of sleep.