Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for the synthesis of bio-based formaldehyde-free wood adhesive with lignin and cellulose derived bio-oil which can be generated from the fractionation/liquefaction of lignocellulose biomass such as agricultural and forestry wastes. Curable groups are introduced onto the bio oil through functionalization reaction with cyclic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, citric anhydride, phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, methyl succinic anhydride. Wood adhesives are formulated with the functionalized bio oil by addition of water and curing agents. Two-ply plywood samples were prepared following the ASTM International Standard 2017, D2339-98 and cured on a hot press between 190-200° C. for 3-4 min under 3 MPa pressure. The plywood samples have dry and wet strengths in the range of up to 3.5 MPa with over 80% wood failure.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers having good shock-resistance combined with easy removability of the adhesives from the substrate shall be provided. This is solved by a pressure-sensitive adhesive which comprises at least one acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber; and at least one tackifier resin, and is characterized in that the acrylonitrile content of the acrylonitrile rubber is less than 30 wt %; the pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises at least one rosin resin as tackifier resin; and the entirety of all tackifier resins has an acid number of 6-150. The pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used for bonding parts in mobile electronic devices.

Abstract: The invention is directed to hot melt adhesive compositions that can be formulated to include a large percentage of bio-based components. The hot melt adhesive composition includes both liquid bio-based tackifying agent and solid bio-based tackifying agent and can further include bio-based polymers and bio-based plasticizers.

Abstract: A polyolefin-based hot melt adhesive composition made from or containing: (A) 28-75 wt. % of a copolymer of butene-1 with Melt Flow Rate values, measured according to ISO 1133 (190° C., 2.16 kg), from 200 to 1500 g/10 min.; and (B) 25-72 wt. % of at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of waxes, resins, plasticizers, additional polymers and mixtures thereof, wherein the amounts of A) and B) are referred to the total weight of A)+B).

Abstract: An adhesive composition, comprising: an organic solvent; (A) a polyolefin that has an acidic group and/or an acid anhydride group and that is soluble in the organic solvent; and an isocyanate compound, wherein the isocyanate compound is (B) an isocyanate compound having an alicyclic structure, and/or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A cartridge covering element for sealing off a microfluidic cartridge comprising: at least one stratified adhesive mass, the stratified adhesive mass being UV-activatable to induce curing and being tacky at room temperature prior to and after activation until expiry of an open time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive and application thereof, and a bonded product obtained by using the adhesive. The adhesive comprises: a. at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion; b. at least one surface passivated polyisocyanate; c. at least one polycarbodiimide having a weight-average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000; and d. optionally a carbodiimide having a carbodiimide group functionality of 1. The coating formed by the adhesive provided according to the present invention has good hydrolysis resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to formulations of aqueous dispersion adhesives on the basis of aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions and the use of the adhesive formulations for bonding foam substrates according to the spray coagulation method.

Abstract: An electrically conductive material includes an anionic polymer having a polymer backbone that is bonded to a plurality of terminal catechol moieties and a plurality of terminal sulfonate moieties. It also includes a cationic polymer including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

Abstract: This silicone adhesive agent composition contains (A) an alkenyl group-containing diorganopolysiloxane, (B) a resin having an R13SiO1/2 unit (each occurrence of R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group which does not have an aliphatic unsaturated bond. The same applies to R1 described below.) and a SiO4/2 unit, (C) an alkenyl group-containing diorganopolysiloxane, (D) (D-1) a resinous copolymer having an R43SiO1/2 unit (each occurrence of R4 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group which does not have an aliphatic unsaturated bond, or an alkenyl group, and at least one of all occurrences of R4 is an alkenyl group) and a SiO4/2 unit and/or (D-2) a resinous copolymer having an R13SiO1/2 unit, an R1R5SiO2/2 unit (R5 represents an alkenyl group.), and a SiO4/2 unit, (E) an organohydrogen polysiloxane, and (G) a platinum-based catalyst (platinum group metal-based catalyst).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-component mixed working fluid for an ICE waste heat recovery power cycle, wherein the three-component mixed working fluid consists of carbon dioxide, pentane and a refrigerant, the refrigerant is a high-performance environment-friendly refrigerant with GWP value which is lower than 1000 and ODP value which is 0, and the refrigerant is one selected from a group consisting of difluoromethane, fluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane; according to the selected refrigerants, the mass percentage of each component is as follow: the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and difluoromethane are 30-70, 10-20, and 10-60; the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and fluoroethane are 30-70/10-20/10-50; the mass percentage of CO2, pentane and 1,1-difluoroethane are 10-70/10-30/10-60.

Abstract: A cryogenic, kinetically active formulation in a pressurized package; the package; and a method of making the formulation and the package.

Abstract: Drilling mud compositions including a first concentration of powdered latex and a second concentration of SAS are described. The second concentration of SAS can be greater than or equal to the first concentration of latex. In some examples, the second concentration of SAS can be greater than the first concentration of latex. The drilling mud compositions may include an oil-based carrier, or a water-based carrier. An example technique includes dispersing a first predetermined amount of powdered latex and a second predetermined amount of SAS in a water-based carrier to form a water-based mud. Another example technique includes dispersing a first predetermined amount of powdered latex and a second predetermined amount of SAS in an oil-based carrier to form an oil-based mud.

Abstract: Amorphous Dithiazine Dissolution Formulation and Method for using the Same The invention relates a use of an aqueous composition comprising at least one organic peroxide to dissolve amorphous dithiazine.

Abstract: The present embodiments generally relate to methods and compositions for the treatment of halite, such as controlling, preventing, and/or inhibiting halite formation and/or the rate of halite formation, in a fluid in need of treatment, such as fluids used in and/or resulting from oil and gas operations or desalination processes, wherein said treatment comprises the use of one or more crystal modifiers. The one or more crystal modifiers may comprise one or more polymer-based crystal modifiers.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor composition, containing (a) a cinnamaldehyde compound, (b) an alkoxylated fatty amine, and (c) an imidazoline compound, and optionally (d) a surfactant, and (e) a solvent. A method of inhibiting corrosion of metal in contact with an acidic medium in an oil or gas field environment by introducing the corrosion inhibitor composition into the acidic medium, such as during acid stimulation operations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to delivery and release systems, such as core-shell particles. An exemplary composition according to the disclosure can include a degradable polymeric shell surrounding a core that includes a crosslinker, which can encompass a metal, such as chromium. The core-shell particles can be provided with a gel-forming polymer, such as a polyacrylamide, into a subterranean reservoir having conditions such that the shell of the core-shell polymer degrades, and the so-released metal is effective to at least partially crosslink the gel-forming polymer to form a gel. The so-formed gel can be effective to control water flow through the subterranean reservoir, such as in relation to a waterflood of the reservoir.

Abstract: The technology described herein includes methods and uses in oil and gas hydraulic fracking for a quaternary ammonium organosilane, and particularly AMOSILQ™ quaternary ammonium organosilane. Uses include coating and treating filters for use in the hydraulic fracking process, premixing in fracking fluid/water; flowback water treatment and proppant coating.

Abstract: A system may include: a source of water fluidically coupled to a fracturing blender; water testing equipment disposed between the source of water and the fracturing blender wherein the water testing equipment is operable to measure at least one property of the source of water; a plurality of friction reducing polymers operable to be added to the fracturing blender; and a control system comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to provide software that configures the processor to receive an input signal from the water testing equipment and select at least one of the plurality of friction reducing polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color conversion sheet comprising: a first wavelength conversion layer in which an organic phosphor is dispersed in a resin matrix; and an adhesive layer disposed on one surface of the first wavelength conversion layer, in which a surface energy of the first wavelength conversion layer is different from a surface energy of the adhesive layer so that the organic phosphor does not diffuse into the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A scintillator material includes a polymer matrix, a primary dye in the polymer matrix, the primary dye being a fluorescent dye; a secondary dye, and a Li-containing compound in the polymer matrix, where the Li-containing compound is a Li salt of a short-chain aliphatic acid. In addition, the scintillator material exhibits an optical response signature for thermal neutrons that is different than an optical response signature for fast neutrons.

Abstract: A quantum dot, and a quantum dot composite and a device including the same, wherein the quantum dot includes a seed including a first semiconductor nanocrystal, a quantum well layer disposed on the seed and a shell disposed on the quantum well layer, the shell including a second semiconductor nanocrystal, and wherein the quantum dot does not include cadmium, wherein the first semiconductor nanocrystal includes a first zinc chalcogenide, wherein the second semiconductor nanocrystal includes a second zinc chalcogenide, and the quantum well layer includes an alloy semiconductor nanocrystal including indium (In), phosphorus (P), and gallium (Ga), and wherein a bandgap energy of the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal is less than a bandgap energy of the first semiconductor nanocrystal and less than a bandgap energy of the second semiconductor nanocrystal.

Abstract: A method of the present disclosure for producing methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots includes providing a Pb-oleic acid solution containing a Pb source that is soluble in oleic acid, oleic acid, and a non-polar solvent, providing a methylammonium-oleic acid solution containing methylammonium acetate and oleic acid, providing a reaction solution of tetrabutylammonium halide and oleylamine, and mixing the Pb-oleic acid solution, the methylammonium-oleic acid solution, and the reaction solution.

Abstract: A fluorescent member according to present invention is composed of a sintered body for wavelength conversion containing a matrix containing magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide as main components, and phosphor particles dispersed in the matrix. A thermal conductivity of the fluorescent member is preferably 5 W/(m·K) or higher. A fluorescent member having both a satisfactory thermal conductivity and a satisfactory fluorescent property is provided without requiring a high-temperature sintering process (a high-temperature process at a temperature higher than 250° C.). Further, a method for manufacturing such a fluorescent member and a light-emitting apparatus using such a fluorescent member are provided.

Abstract: Spray dried homogeneous mixtures of a high molecular mass flocculating agent, a base polymer dispersion, and a protective colloid are useful for homogenously stabilizing mixtures such as dust, sand, and/or soil and produce a stabilized composition of high strength.

Abstract: A liquid crystal dielectric applicable to high-frequency electromagnetic wave modulation has a clearing point of the liquid crystal dielectric higher than 110° C., a low-temperature storage temperature lower than ?20° C., and an optical anisotropy greater than 0.35. The liquid crystal dielectric includes: one or more compounds selected by general formula I, which occupy 30-80% of the total weight of the liquid crystal dielectric, and one or more compounds selected by general formula II and/or general formula III, which occupy 20-70% of the total weight of the liquid crystal dielectric.

Abstract: An optically transparent actuator apparatus is provided that includes an optically transparent bi-stable member including an optically transparent liquid crystalline polymer layer. The bi-stable member is structured to move from a first state to a second state in response to a first stimulus and from the second state to the first state in response to a second stimulus. Also, a display apparatus includes a plate member and an actuator assembly coupled to the plate member. The actuator assembly includes a number of optically transparent liquid crystalline polymer layers, wherein each of the optically transparent liquid crystalline polymer layers is structured to move from a first state to a second state in response to a first stimulus.

Abstract: A system and method to remove gas, water, and salt from crude oil via a GOSP train and discharging the crude oil from a desalter vessel of the GOSP train as unstabilized crude oil to a stabilizer distillation column, removing gas from the unstabilized crude oil via the stabilizer distillation column to reduce vapor pressure of the unstabilized crude oil to give stabilized crude oil, and diverting a bypass portion of the unstabilized crude oil discharged from the desalter vessel to the stabilized crude oil downstream of the stabilizer distillation column.

Abstract: A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream, that includes a pressure containment vessel comprising an interior chamber defined by a first end, a second end, and at least one side wall extending from the first end to the second end; and a ceramic heat transfer medium that converts electrical current to heat and is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises an electrical resistor, an electrical lead line configured to provide electrical current to the heat transfer medium, a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face.

Abstract: A process for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils includes the step of contacting a hydrocarbon oil feedstock with a catalytic cracking catalyst in a reactor comprising a dilute-phase transport fluidized bed and a fast fluidized bed connected in series for reaction. In the fast fluidized bed, the axial solid fraction c of the catalyst is controlled within the range of about 0.1 to about 0.2. When used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil feedstocks, particularly heavy feedstock oils, the process and system show lower yields of dry gas and coke, and good product distribution.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; sequentially removing ammoniacal, sulphurous and carbon dioxide impurities from the raw synthesis gas to form desulphurised gas and recovering carbon dioxide in substantially pure form; converting at least a portion of the desulphurised synthesis gas to a useful product. Despite having selected a more energy intensive sub-process i.e. physical absorption for removal of acid gas impurities, the overall power requirement of the facility is lower on account of lower steam requirements and thereby leading to a decrease in the carbon intensity score for the facility.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a fuel formulation that, as a blending component, at a certain blending volume range, with transportation fuels significantly reduces criteria emissions (i.e., particle number (PN) emissions, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, Total Hydrocarbon (THC) emissions) when compared to existing market fuels. The fuel blending component formulation comprises one or more branched alkane components, one or more cyclic alkane components, one or more alkylate component and one or more oxygenate component. The fuel blending component composition achieves reductions on a spark ignition engine (SI) of more than 60% in particulate emissions, up to 30% in NOx emissions, and up to 20% in THC emissions when blended with a reference gasoline in concentrations as low as 10% by volume. A method for reducing criteria emissions is also provided.

Abstract: A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.

Abstract: A system and method for conditioning fuel gas comprises a separator to receive rich gas and to separate NGLs from the rich gas to produce lean fuel gas. A first valve is coupled before the separator to receive the rich gas to expand the rich gas in a throttling or Joule-Thomson effect to reduce the pressure and temperature of the rich gas for the separator. A heat exchanger is coupled before the first valve to transfer heat from the rich gas to the lean fuel gas. The system can further comprise another separator to receive rich gas to separate water from the rich gas to preprocess the rich gas. The system can further comprise a temperature control loop utilizing a slip stream from the separator, a second expansion valve, and another heat exchanger.

Abstract: A sliding member in which a sliding layer is capable of exhibiting excellent sliding characteristics in terms of seizure resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance. A method for manufacturing the sliding member of the present teachings is a method for manufacturing a sliding member to manufacture a sliding member sliding with a mating material. The manufacturing method includes irradiating particulate ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with radiation rays in a sealed state, and crosslinking the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, preparing a composition for a sliding layer containing a solid lubricant and a binder resin, and forming a sliding layer sliding with the mating material by providing the composition for a sliding layer on a base material, and obtaining the sliding member. The solid lubricant includes the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene crosslinked during the irradiating and the crosslinking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of the oligomerization of C6 and above olefin monomer whereby, at a fixed monomer/Al halide mole ratio, polyalphaolefins having desirable kinematic viscosities are prepared by controlling the oligomerization temperature. The oligomerization is carried out in presence of an oligomerizing catalyst comprising of aluminum halide and a promoter, and oligomerizing temperatures of about 10° C. to about 120° C.

Abstract: A lubricant composition includes a base lubricant and a plurality of lubricant additive molecules functioning as precursor molecules to induce tribopolymerization and forming in situ protective tribofilm with desirable robustness and low shear resistance. Each lubricant additive molecule includes one or more surface-active groups attractable to target surface, and a carbon containing component operable connected to the one or more surface active groups. The carbon containing component comprise a carbon ring structure having a high ring strain that is metastable and activatable with a ring-opening reaction. A less stable carbon ring structure is more readily activated to the intermediate state, preferable to form more active fragments. Increasing the adsorption strength further is beneficial to prolonging the residence time of additive molecules on the target surface, thereby facilitating the dissociation of molecules and subsequent polymerization.

Abstract: A new and distinct variety of Mentha canadensis, ‘Umpqua’ is characterized by its unique oil flavor profile providing for a distinct long-lasting mouth cooling sensation. The new varietal offers an oil with a very clean, fresh mouthfeel and intense nasal properties with strong cooling characteristic sensations that increase as it is experienced. ‘Umpqua’ also has strong disease resistance and can grow in areas typically infected by mint diseases.

Abstract: A foamable, liquid cleaning composition comprising: i. 0.5 to 5 wt. % C8-18 alkoxylated anoionic surfactant having 1 to 30 moles of alkylene oxide; ii. 5 to 20 wt. % nonionic surfactants; iii. 0.1 to 10 wt. % water miscible glycol ether solvent; iv. 0.1 to 10 wt % water immiscible fatty acid ester solvent selected from the group consisting of methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, ethyl octanoate or mixtures thereof; v. 0.1 to 10 wt % of sequestrant selected from the group consisting of citric, adipic, succinic, maleic, glutaric acids, mixtures thereof or salts thereof; and vi. water, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than 100 mPa·s at 25° C. and 20 s?1, wherein ratio of the sum of alkoxylated surfactant (i) and nonionic surfactant (ii) to the solvent is in a weight ratio ranging from 0.93:1 to 20:1, and wherein the pH of the composition ranges from 2.0 to 4.5.

Abstract: An aqueous fabric softener composition comprising from 0.01 to 10.0 wt. % of at least one fragrance fixative comprising at least one carbohydrate ester; from 0.01 to 10 wt. % of at least one fragrance; from 1.0 to 50.0 wt. % of at least one cationic surfactant; at least 45.0 wt. % of water; wherein the fragrance fixative is characterized by a cLogP value of equal to or greater than 1.5 and a boiling point from 200° C. to 350° C.; and wherein the carbohydrate ester comprises at least one ester group of formula —O—(C?O)—R1 wherein R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy groups; and whereby the weight percentages are expressed relative to the total weight of the composition (C).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to contact lens solution comprising cyclodextrin, ophthalmic solutions comprising cy-clodextrin for treating disorders or conditions associated with wearing of contact lenses, methods of treating such disorders or conditions using the ophthalmic cyclodextrin solutions, and kits and combination products thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer capable of more sufficiently achieving the miscibility with surfactants and the effects of enhancing the surface tension-reducing ability of surfactants than conventional polymers used in detergent applications. The present invention relates to a polycarboxylic acid copolymer used in liquid detergent applications, the polycarboxylic acid copolymer containing: a structural unit (a) derived from a polyalkylene glycol monomer (A) represented by the following formula (1), a structural unit (b) derived from a polyalkylene glycol monomer (B) represented by the following formula (2), a structural unit (c) derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (C).

Abstract: Cleaning compositions may include novel dispersin variants having improved properties relative to the parent dispersin. Such properties may include one or more of the following; wash performance, stability e.g. detergent and/or storage stability. The cleaning compositions may be suitable for use in cleaning processes and include detergent compositions, such as laundry compositions and dish wash compositions, including hand wash and automatic dish wash compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfoperoxycarboxylic acid compounds, and methods for making and using them. The sulfoperoxycarboxylic compounds of the invention are storage stable, water soluble and have low to no odor. Further, the compounds of the present invention can be formed from non-petroleum based renewable materials. The compounds of the present invention can be used as antimicrobials, and bleaching agents. The compounds of the present invention are also suitable for use as coupling agents.

Abstract: The chemical formulations use chemicals that are use or have been used for other cleaning purposes such as rust stains, but not for glass or glass-ceramic cooktop surfaces. In an embodiment for cleaning glass or glass-ceramic surfaces, percentages of active ingredients, such as either hydrofluoric acid (HF) or ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2), can be formulated at an about an order lower in concentration by weight than those formulations originally used for removing rust stains (e.g. using the same chemicals for removing rust stains but with a lower concentration for different uses, wherein a different use includes removal of food burned onto cooktops). Additionally, even at the lower concentrations of the active ingredient the physical effort involved and the time for cleaning/removal are much less than with commercially available cleaning products.

Abstract: Provided is a composition having high affinity for the surface of an adhesive, and excellent long-term storage stability. This composition comprises: a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride or a hydrate of a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride; and an aprotic solvent, wherein the aprotic solvent includes (A) an N-substituted amide compound having 4 or more carbon atoms and not containing active hydrogen on a nitrogen atom, and (B) an ether compound.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a kit for a cleaning agent, which is used for the purpose of preparing a cleaning agent that maintains, even after long-term storage, adequate impurity removal performance from the surface of a semiconductor substrate that has been subjected to a CMP process. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing a method for preparing the above-described cleaning agent. A kit for a cleaning agent according to the present invention is a kit for preparing a cleaning agent which is used for cleaning of a semiconductor substrate that has been subjected to a CMP process, and which has a pH of from 7.5 to 13.0. This kit for a cleaning agent comprises a first liquid that is acidic and contains a compound represented by formula (1) and a second liquid that is alkaline and contains a basic compound; and an acidic compound is contained in at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid.

Abstract: Process for making a powder or granule containing (A) at least one chelating agent selected from alkali metal salts of methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA) and of glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) and of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), (B) at least one alkali metal salt of a C10-C20 fatty acid, in a weight ratio of (A):(B) of from 40:1 up to 1,000:1, wherein said powder or granule contains at least 75% by weight of chelating agent (A), said process comprising the steps of (c) mixing the at least one chelating agent (A) and the at least one alkali metal salt of fatty acid (B) in the presence of water, (d) removing most of said water by spray-drying or by spray granulation using a gas with an inlet temperature of at least 125° C.

Abstract: The present invention describes appliances for preparing and dispensing beverages, such as beers, featuring a transparent window that allows a user of the appliance to view the beverage in a chamber of the appliance as that beverage is being prepared. The chamber in which the beverage is prepared can be either an integral part of the appliance or a disposable chamber that can be removed and replaced with a new disposable chamber after one or more servings of a. beverage has been prepared in the disposable chamber. The appliances can have methods for cleaning the chamber, or the chamber can be self-cleaning. If the chamber for preparing the beverage is a disposable container, it may come with a concentrated beverage already prepackaged in the container, and the casing of the container can prevent oxygen and light from penetrating the container and affecting the concentrated beverage contained within.