Abstract: A method and system are disclosed. The method comprises receiving, by a mobile computing device, from an output device communicatively coupled to the mobile computing device, location data defining an identity of the output device and/or a location of the output device; generating, by the mobile computing device, response data defining an identity of the mobile computing device and defining the identity of the output device and/or the location of the output device based on the output data; generating, by the mobile computing device, authentication data to authenticate the response data; and outputting, by the mobile computing device, the response data and the authentication data for communication to a remote computer located remotely of the mobile computing device.

Abstract: A system for providing geolocation-based policy rules is provided. The system includes a policy engine and a memory communicatively coupled to the policy engine. The policy engine is configured to receive geolocation data for a plurality of objects. The policy engine is configured to create, based on the geolocation data, location policy attributes for the plurality of objects. The policy engine is configured to incorporate the location policy attributes into policy rules. The policy rules include rules for accessing the plurality of objects. The policy engine is further configured to execute the policy rules with regard to the plurality of objects.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide example methods for accessing a core network by using a fixed access device. One example method includes: receiving, a network registration request sent by customer-premises equipment; sending a network registration request message for the CPE to a mobile core network based on the network registration request; receiving an authentication request message; performing physical location authentication for the CPE based on a physical location identifier; in response to determining that the physical location authentication succeeds, sending an authentication response to the mobile core network; receiving a registration success message sent by the mobile core network; notifying, based on the registration success message, the CPE that network registration succeeds; and sending a service parameter to the CPE.

Abstract: Method and systems of sharing a frequency spectrum between a primary wireless network and a secondary wireless network coexisting with the primary wireless network are provided. At a node of the secondary network, at a bottom of a protocol stack integrated between a plurality of antennas and upper layers of the protocol stack, a beamforming scheme is determined for transmission to scheduled users of the secondary network. Using this technology, a newly-deployed wireless network can access a spectrum band based on cognitive beamforming without mutual temporal exclusion, i.e., without interrupting the ongoing transmissions of coexisting wireless networks on the same bands, and without cross-technology communication.

Abstract: Base station antennas are provided that include a first array of radiating elements that is configured to form a first antenna beam that has a first downtilt angle in response to a first RF signal that is input at the first RF port and a second array of radiating elements that is configured to form a second antenna beam that has a second downtilt angle in response to a second RF signal that is input at the second RF port. The second downtilt angle is less than the first downtilt angle. The first antenna beam is configured to only provide coverage to users within a first portion of a coverage area of the base station antenna that is close to the base station antenna and the second antenna beam is configured to provide coverage to users within a second portion of the coverage area that extends farther from the base station antenna than does the first portion.

Abstract: Antenna beam sweeping according to the present disclosure involves different communication devices that are within an interference range of each other transmitting beam sweeping signals using different communication resources. This allows a receiver to distinguish between beam sweeping signals that are received from different transmitters, and may facilitate antenna beam alignment in multi-connection scenarios. Beam indices could be used to identify antenna beams for antenna beam management, in control signaling between base stations and User Equipment (UE), for example. Beam tracking and other aspects of antenna beam management are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for communicating in a satellite communication framework with spatial diversity are described. In one embodiment, a method for controlling communication in a satellite communication network having multiple constellations and a satellite terminal with a single electronically steered flat-panel antenna capable of generating a plurality of beams for communication links with multiple satellites, comprises: determining, under network control, availability of a plurality of networks by which network traffic may be exchanged with the single electronically steered flat-panel antenna; and managing, under network control, two or more satellite links between the single electronically steered flat-panel antenna and two or more satellites of different networks to route the network traffic, including determining when to use each of the two or more satellite links, the two or more satellite links being generated using two or more beams from the single electronically steered flat-panel antenna.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, automatically detecting a service issue of a telecommunication system that may impact a customer of a telecommunication service provider of the telecommunication system, predicting, by the processing system, a future customer care interaction by the customer as a result of the service issue, initiating a resolution action of the telecommunication system for the service issue before the customer contacts a customer care agent of the telecommunication service provider, wherein the initiating is responsive to the predicting the future customer care interaction and modifying a component of the telecommunication system to improve efficiency of operation of the telecommunication system by reducing a number of customer care contacts by customers of the telecommunication service provider. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method performed by a network function capable of supporting at least a user plane, UP, functional part of a base station (440B), comprises establishing a transport network layer, TNL, association with a control plane, CP, functional part of the base station; receiving a request message (501) from the CP functional part of the base station (415), wherein the request message comprises an identifier of the base station; creating a UP functional part of the base station using the identifier of the base station; and transmitting a response message (505) to the CP functional part of the base station, wherein the response message comprises an identifier of the created UP functional part of the base station; the invention further relates to a method performed by a CP functional part of a base station; and to corresponding network node adapted to perform above-described methods.

Abstract: Aspects for predicting communication configurations for a wireless node are provided. Assisting information is measured or assessed at a first wireless node. The assisting information may include clutter and blocker measurements, self-interference measurements, and various beam, frequency, and modulation-related measurements. A control node may determine a communication configuration based on the assisting information. The communication configuration may be predicted for use at a subsequent time period. The first wireless node may receive and approve the configuration. The first wireless node may use the communication configuration in a subsequent communication with a second wireless node. The communication configuration may include, for example, whether the first wireless node will communicate using a full-duplex or half-duplex configuration and the TX/RX beam configuration for the node.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for performing communication and computing includes a plurality of cells configured to perform the communication between at least one user equipment and at least one network; and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing platform comprising a plurality of AI slices to perform the computing, wherein the plurality of cells are located in air, space, sea, or land.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for communicating elements between multi-link devices are disclosed. Apparatuses of a multi-link device (MLD) are disclosed, where the apparatuses comprise processing circuitry configured to encode a management frame, the management frame comprising a link information field, the link information field indicating a first link of the MLD for which management information is applicable and configure a non-access point (AP) of the MLD or a station (STA) of the MUD to transmit the management frame on a second link of the MLD. The processing circuitry is further configured to decode a second management frame, the second management frame comprising a second link information field, the second link information field indicating a second link of the MLD for which second management information is applicable.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: A first apparatus obtains a first link quality packet message, where the first link quality packet message includes link quality information and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate that the link quality information is buffered; and the first apparatus sends the first link quality packet message to a second apparatus, where the first link quality packet message is used by the second apparatus to perform network optimization based on the first link quality packet message. This improves accuracy of network optimization.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an O-RAN based network system.

Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards automated cell parameter updates in cellular networks. A network automation platform architecture is disclosed which includes elements configured to automatically analyze, recalculate, and deploy cell parameters such as PCI and RSI parameters, for cells of a cellular communication network.

Abstract: Aspects relate to beam management in multi-stream communication between a radio access network (RAN) entity and a user equipment (UE). The RAN entity may transmit a plurality of transmit beams from a plurality of transmission and reception points (TRPs) associated with the RAN entity to the UE. For each of the transmit beams, the UE may obtain a beam quality metric on each of a plurality of receive beams of the UE during a measurement period (e.g., in parallel or serially) to generate a respective beam quality metric vector for each of the transmit beams. The UE can then transmit a beam report including the respective beam quality metric vector for each of the transmit beams to the RAN entity. The RAN entity may then select at least two beam pair links, each associated with a respective TRP, for spatial division multiplexing of at least two streams to the UE based on the beam report.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring channel quality in a communication system are disclosed. An operation method of a terminal includes the steps of: receiving, from a serving base station, first configuration information for a basic measurement operation; receiving, from the serving base station, second configuration information for a relaxed measurement operation; measuring channel quality for the serving base station by performing the basic measurement operation by using the first configuration information; and, when the condition for the relaxed measurement operation is satisfied, measuring the channel quality for the serving base station by performing the relaxed measurement operation by using the second configuration information.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and disclosed are a dual/multi-connectivity-based secondary node (SN) addition/replacement method and device, for use in solving problems that in a dual/multi-connectivity scenario of a wireless communication, a process of adding or modifying an SN takes a long time and causes data transmission delay, and the probability of using dual-connectivity to transmit data is reduced because the establishment time of dual/multi-connectivity is too long. The method in the present application comprises: a user equipment receives configuration information of one/more SNs sent by a master node (MN); performing measurement assessment on the one/more SNs according to the configuration information of the one/more SNs to determining an SN satisfying a connectivity condition; and initiating a random access process to the SN satisfying the connectivity condition.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for performing non-cooperative sensing analysis with a recipient device over a wireless communication standard. The non-cooperative sensing analysis performed without requiring permitted access to communicate wirelessly with the recipient device. The method including: generating an inspection packet, the inspection packet including a mock media access control address (MAC) address as a sender address and a MAC address associated with the recipient device as a receiver address; transmitting the inspection packet to the recipient device using the wireless communication standard; receiving a response packet from the recipient device, the response packet including the mock MAC address as a receiver address; generating a derivative metric from the response packet; and outputting the derivative metric.

Abstract: Example measurement methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes obtaining a timer by a terminal device. The terminal device obtains two or more measurement configurations, where each of two or more measurement configurations includes a validity area and a measurement frequency corresponding to the validity area, and the validity area includes one or more cells. The terminal device measures, based on the measurement configuration, a measurement frequency corresponding to a validity area that matches a cell on which the terminal device camps, where the terminal device is in an idle state or in an inactive state, and the timer is not stopped and has not expired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing traffic in a hybrid environment include monitoring traffic load of a local network to determine whether the traffic load exceeds or is likely to exceed a maximum traffic load, where the maximum traffic load is a traffic load for which a service can be provided by the local network, based on a license. An excess traffic load is determined if the traffic load exceeds or is likely to exceed the maximum traffic load. One or more external networks which have a capacity to provide the service to the excess traffic load are determined, to which the excess traffic load is migrated. The local network includes one or more service instances for providing the service for up to the maximum traffic load, and the service to the excess traffic load is provided by one or more additional service instances in the one or more external networks.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wireless base station and a terminal device that can shorten time required for sounding information collection by a plurality of wireless base stations and suppress deterioration of following accuracy. When a wireless base station as a master performs channel measurement with a terminal device, it is possible to transmit channel measurement frames in wireless base stations including the wireless base station at the same timing or at different timings only by instructing another wireless base station to perform a channel measurement, and also transmitting a Sounding Trigger frame including a transmission timing and a transmission stream of a channel measurement frame once. The present disclosure can be applied to communication systems in wireless LAN.

Abstract: A terminal device receives network configuration information; when the terminal device detects the network configuration information for instructing the terminal device to measure channel state information (CSI) for a designated panel, the terminal device performs CSI measurement on the designated panel and obtains a CSI measurement result of the designated panel; the terminal device generates a CSI measurement report based on the CSI measurement result of the designated panel; and the terminal device sends the CSI measurement report.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques performing measurement reporting. One aspect is a method for performing measurement reporting at a user equipment, including: receiving, from a master node, a message comprising a measurement configuration for a secondary node; entering an inactive state; performing measurements according to the measurement configuration for the secondary node immediately after entering the inactive state; generating a measurement report based on the measurements; transmitting, to the master node, an RRC resume request message; receiving, from the master node, an RRC resume message comprising a request for measurement reporting; and transmitting, to the master node, an RRC resume complete message comprising the measurement report; and receiving data from the secondary node.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device comprises: determining a characteristic of data for transmission between the wireless device and a network node; determining the wireless device is configured to send measurement information to the network node; and transmitting an indication of the determined characteristic of data for transmission to the network node with the measurement information. In particular embodiments, the measurement information comprises an indication that measurements are available or a measurement report.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a network performance reporting method and apparatus. The method includes: a data analysis network element receives a first subscription message from a first network element, where the first subscription message is used to request to subscribe to network performance parameter information of a first area; the data analysis network element obtains the network performance parameter information of the first area from an access network device corresponding to the first area, where the network performance parameter information of the first area is used to indicate network performance of the first area; and when determining that a first reporting condition is met, the data analysis network element sends the network performance parameter information of the first area or a network performance level corresponding to the network performance parameter information of the first area to the first network element.

Abstract: Provided by the embodiments of the present application are a signal reporting method, a terminal device, and a network device, which may improve system performance, the method comprising: a terminal device measuring N first signals to obtain a corresponding measurement result and measuring M second signals to obtain a corresponding measurement result, wherein N?1 and M?1; the terminal device determining a signal that needs to be reported according to the measurement result of the N first signals and the measurement result of the M second signals.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring and configuring a mesh network are discussed herein. A centralized database may receive, from one or more access points that make up the mesh network, conditions data associated with the access points and the backhaul links between the access points. The centralized database may determine a radio frequency (RF) resource that should be used for the backhaul links to optimize the mesh network and send an instruction to the access point to operate using the RF resource.

Abstract: A Network Data Analytic Function (NWDAF)may assist an application server by determining a quality of server (QoS) or delivery timing requirements can be met at a location, e.g., along a route. The NWDAF may collect information from one or more cells near the location, e.g., an Operations and Management (OAM) system. Communications with the NWDAF may be facilitated by a Network Exposure Function (NEF) or an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request service operation. The NWDAF may indicate a potential QoS change at the location. The application server may be a V2X application server.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) network transmissions can be based on an application sub-class or a user class. Systems and methods can include inspecting the information packet having a network level QoS field having a first network level QoS portion and a second network level QoS portion, determining an application sub-class or user class associated with the information packet, tagging the first network level QoS portion of the information packet according to a first network level QoS value, tagging the second network level QoS portion of the information packet according to a traffic priority indication and to a determined application sub-class or user class, and queuing the information packet for transmission from a network element based on the tagged first network level QoS portion and the second network level QoS portion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wireless communications are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the system and method are configured to receive, by a mobility management function (AMF) from a network function (NF), slice information including at least one of a quality of service (QoS) profile for a slice or a service area of the slice. The AMF can determine that a wireless communication device is authorized to access a slice based on the service area of the slice. The AMF can send the QoS profile comprising a slice-specific aggregate maximum bit rate (AMBR) specific to the slice to the radio access network.

Abstract: Optimizing traffic routing operations in a two-box WLAN setup including a gateway device and a WAN adaptor device. The WAN adaptor device receives initial packets of a traffic flow from a client device, and sends the initial packets to the gateway device for slowpath (SP) processing. The gateway device creates fastpath (FP) processing rules for the traffic flow, including traffic modifications resulting from the SP processing, and sends the FP processing rules to the WAN adaptor device. The WAN adaptor device applies the FP processing rules to perform the traffic modifications on subsequent packets of the second traffic flow. The FP processing rules enable the WAN adaptor device to forward the subsequent packets of the traffic flow to the client device directly, without bridging to the gateway device for FP processing.

Abstract: In 5GS, Single-Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI) based backoff (BO) timers (T3584/T3585) can be applied to either the registered PLMN or all the PLMNs based on a 5GSM congestion re-attempt indicator. For a specific PDU session, the corresponding BO timer applied to the registered PLMN and the BO timer applied to all PLMN can be both running concurrently. It is proposed for a UE to stop both the BO timer applied to all the PLMNs and the BO timer applied to the registered PLMN, if running, in all the following scenarios: 1) Receiving a PDU session release command without a BO timer, 2) Receiving a PDU session release command with 5GSM cause #39, 3) Receiving a PDU session modification command, 4) Receiving a 5GSM message with a 5GSM congestion control BO timer value, and 5) Receiving a PDU session authentication command.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reporting an RLC layer status, storage medium and user equipment are provided. The method includes: determining whether an RLC status report needs to be transmitted in an acknowledgment mode; based on that the RLC status report needs to be transmitted, determining at least one unacknowledged sequence number length, wherein the unacknowledged sequence number length is selected from a set of unacknowledged sequence number length including elements pre-defined by a transmitter and a receiver; generating the RLC status report based on the at least one unacknowledged sequence number length and a sequence number of a start RLC data packet of RLC data packets consecutively unreceived, wherein the RLC status report is in a preset format of RLC status report, and records the total number of the RLC data packets consecutively unreceived and the sequence number of the start RLC data packet; and transmitting the RLC status report.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments for message management by an ego vehicle for a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) channel used in V2X messages for providing a cooperative driving service. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a first V2X message including remote sensor data recorded by a remote vehicle. The method includes causing an onboard sensor set of the ego vehicle to record ego sensor data. The method includes determining a channel busy ratio of the V2X channel. The method includes determining a set of factors affecting a state of a recipient vehicle that receives a second V2X message. The method includes selecting a cooperation message species class and an aggregation message species class of the second V2X message based on the set of factors and the state of the recipient vehicle. The method includes selecting, from a set of available classes, a specific class of the second V2X message.

Abstract: Some embodiments of this disclosure include apparatuses and methods for supporting integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks. IAB nodes may be configured to broadcast in-raster and off-raster synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for establishing communications with mobile devices and/or user equipment (UE). The SSBs may provide control resource set (CORESET) data used for establishing a communication channel between a UE and an IAB node. The CORESET data may be configured to support the broadcast of off-raster SSBs in wireless communication systems. In some embodiments, the in-raster SSB and the off-raster SSB may share the same CORESET. In this case, the IAB may modify a bit pattern of configuration table corresponding to the shared CORESET and broadcast the in-raster SSB and the off-raster SSB while including the modified bit pattern.

Abstract: A 5G network having a multi-path transport protocol (MPTP) proxy external to the user plane function (UPF). The session management function (SMF) provides address information of the external MPTP proxy to user equipment (UE) and distributes access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS)-related rules to the UE, the UPF, and the external MPTP proxy. The external MPTP proxy receives, from the UPF, (i) 3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a 3GPP radio access network (RAN) and (ii) non-3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a non-3GPP RAN, combines the 3GPP and non-3GPP uplink data to form network uplink data for a data network. The external MPTP proxy also divides received network downlink data into 3GPP downlink data and non-3GPP downlink data, and provides the 3GPP and non-3GPP downlink data to the UPF for transmission to the UE via the 3GPP RAN and the non-3GPP RAN, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for dynamic resource allocation in cloud radio access networks, and the dynamic resource allocation apparatus includes: a deep reinforcement learning unit learning load fluctuation of a remote radio head by using deep reinforcement learning and predicting the load fluctuation of the remote radio head; a calculation unit calculating a computational resource of a virtual machine corresponding to the remote radio head by using the predicted load fluctuation; and an allocation unit allocating the calculated computational resource to the virtual machine.

Abstract: This application discloses a traffic shaping method, where the method is applied to a wireless communication time division duplex (TDD) mode, and includes: A network device obtains N data packets sent by a terminal device by using a shaping layer, where N is an integer greater than 0, the N data packets are submitted in sequence, and the shaping layer is configured to sort the N data packets; the network device compares traffic of the N data packets or a time interval at which the shaping layer sends data packets with a preset value when the network device determines that none of the N data packets is lost or that the N data packets are not out of order; and the network device shapes the traffic based on a comparison result by using the shaping layer.

Abstract: Provided is a path control method of controlling a path of communication in a network including a high priority device dealing with high priority traffic, a high priority control device communicating with the high priority device through a plurality of signal transfer devices transferring signals by periodically repeating a high priority signal transmissible period in which high priority traffic is transmissible and a low priority signal transmissible period in which low priority traffic is transmissible, a low priority device dealing with the low priority traffic, and a low priority control device communicating with the low priority device through the plurality of signal transfer devices, the path control method including calculating a low priority signal transmissible period in each of paths between the low priority device and the low priority control device, and performing setting for switching the path between the low priority device and the low priority control device so that the low priority traffic is

Abstract: Reception of a frame is appropriately stopped. A communication system is a communication system that includes first and second information processing devices. The first information processing device performs control such that a signal (which is a signal having backward compatibility) serving as an index by which the second information processing device receiving a frame stops the reception of the frame is transmitted to the second information processing device. The second information processing device performs control such that the reception of the frame is stopped based on the signal (which is a signal having backward compatibility) serving as an index by which reception of the frame is stopped when the frame transmitted from the first information processing device is received.

Abstract: Provided is a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) parameter negotiation method, apparatus and chip. The method includes that: a first apparatus sends a BFD negotiation packet to a second apparatus, the BFD negotiation packet carrying a first verification value; the first apparatus receives a BFD negotiation response packet returned by the second apparatus, the BFD negotiation response packet carrying a second verification value; the first apparatus checks whether the first verification value and the second verification value match each other, and determines whether negotiation of BFD parameters is an erroneous negotiation according to a checking result.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to service packet transmission methods. In one example method, a target user plane network element receives a first uplink service packet from a source user plane, where the first uplink service packet is an uplink service packet received by the source user plane after receiving a second uplink service packet, and the second uplink service packet is the last uplink service packet from the source user plane to a source application server. The target user plane network element receives first indication information, used to indicate that sending of the first uplink service packet by the source user plane network element ends, from the source user plane network element. The target user plane network element sends, to a target AS after the first uplink service packet is sent, an uplink service packet that is from an access network device to the target user plane network element.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine, during an active call on a first radio access technology (RAT), that a first condition for performing a handover from the first RAT to a second RAT is satisfied. The UE may determine that the second RAT would trigger a fallback to a third RAT after the handover from the first RAT to the second RAT and that a second condition for performing a handover from the third RAT to the first RAT is satisfied. The UE may refrain from performing the handover from the first RAT to the second RAT based at least in part on the determination that the second RAT would trigger the fallback and the determination that the second condition is satisfied. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to link recommendation. A device may determine that a first STA associated with an AP MLD requires transitioning a first station device (STA) to at least one AP MLD of a plurality of AP MLDs. The device may generate a basic service set transition management (BTM) frame comprising a neighbor report element for a first AP MLD of the plurality of AP MLDs. The device may include a Multi-Link information element for the first AP MLD of the plurality of AP MLDs, wherein the Multi-Link information element is for recommending the transition of the first STA to the first AP MLD of the first AP MLD. The device may configure the processing circuitry to send the BTM frame to the first STA.

Abstract: Provided is a method, performed by a source edge data network, of providing a service in a wireless communication system includes identifying a target edge data network and a handover terminal handed over to the target edge data network among a plurality of terminals provided with the service from the source edge data network; transmitting information about the identified target edge data network to a server; synchronizing status information of an application for providing the service with the target edge data network; and synchronizing user information for each of the plurality of terminals with the target edge data network.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media are disclosed for providing inter virtual-eNodeB optimized handover. In one example embodiment, a method includes sending, from a first eNodeB, a handover required message to a first HetNet Gateway (HNG)/virtual eNodeB; matching a target cell in a virtual eNodeB database; receiving, at a second eNodeB, a handover request from a second HNG/virtual eNodeB; sending, by the second eNodeB, a handover request acknowledge message to the second HNG/virtual eNodeB; and performing call context switching using the virtual eNodeB database.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to fast transition Wi-Fi roaming operations. A device may generate, during a first association of the device to a first access point, a request to authenticate the device to a second access point; send, during the first association, the request to authenticate; receive, during the first association, a response indicating that the device is authenticated to the second access point; generate, during the first association, a reassociation request to the second access point; determine that a time between sending the request to authenticate and generating the reassociation request is less than a threshold time; send, based on the determination that the time is less than the threshold time, the reassociation request to the second access point; and receive a reassociation response indicative of a second association of the device to the second access point.

Abstract: A gateway for X2 interface communication is provided, including: an X2 internal interface for communicating with, and coupled to, a plurality of radio access networks (RANs); and an X2 external interface for communicating with, and coupled to, a destination outside of the plurality of RANs, the X2 external interface further including a single X2 endpoint for the plurality of radio access networks, such that the X2 external interface provides a single interface for an external macro cell or core network to interact with the plurality of radio access networks. The gateway may further include a handover module for maintaining X2 signaling associations and transactions for incoming and outbound handovers, including X2 to S1 and S1 to X2 translation.

Abstract: A method performed by a BS for cell selection or reselection is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a UE, allowed NPN information that is in a form of a CAG ID list or in a form of an SNPN ID list; and transmitting, to the UE, NPN information and area information associated with the NPN information via a SIB1, the NPN information including an NPN ID list. In a case that the allowed NPN information is in the form of the CAG ID list, the allowed NPN information enables the UE to perform a first procedure. In a case that the allowed NPN information is in the form of the SNPN ID list, the allowed NPN information enables the UE to perform a second procedure. ABS using the method is also provided.