Abstract: Provided is a fibrous carbon nanostructure that is easy to surface modify. A symmetry factor of a peak of a first derivative curve of a thermogravimetric curve obtained through thermogravimetric analysis of the fibrous carbon nanostructure in a dry air atmosphere is 3.70 or less. The first derivative curve of the thermogravimetric curve can be a temperature derivative curve of the thermogravimetric curve or a time derivative curve of the thermogravimetric curve.

Abstract: A facility for producing a composite material that includes carbon nanotubes. The facility includes a reaction chamber with an injection device for injecting an active gas mixture (for the growth of the carbon nanotubes) into the interior volume thereof. A transport device is to transport a substrate into the reaction chamber to form the composite material. The injection device may transport the active gas mixture in a first direction into the interior volume. A circulation device is to circulate the active gas mixture, and may transport the active gas mixture into the interior volume in a second direction that is different from the first direction. The circulation device may adopt a first configuration of injection of the active gas mixture into the interior volume of the chamber, and a second configuration of extraction of the active gas mixture from the interior volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device comprising physical properties controlled by a microstructure and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention discloses a base layer having a patterned surface; and a two-dimensional structure layer formed on the patterned surface of the base layer, the two-dimensional structure layer extending on and in compliance to topography of the patterned surface of the base layer, such that change of physical properties of the two-dimensional structure layer conforms to the stress generated along the topography.

Abstract: Systems and methods for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials. The system includes a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone, and the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma. The reaction zone is further configured to receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide can be converted into a higher energy product by contacting carbon dioxide with a polarized monocrystalline magnesium oxide producing at least in part carbon. Further a novel crystalline magnesium oxide carbon composite comprising crystalline magnesium oxide and crystalline carbon having graphene structure which are interwoven is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of graphene exfoliation and/or stabilization. Both graphene and silica are mixed in an organic solvent to form a liquid precursor, which is then directed through an orifice formed by a metal cylinder and a flat metal plate. The metal cylinder is pressed against the flat metal plate by a high pressure. The high shear between the metal cylinder and the flat metal plate breaks down the thick layers of graphene to thin layers, which are stably dispersed in the gel formed by the silica.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polymer for transferring graphene, including: polystyrene; and a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: (in Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently H, linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl, which can be substituted, and C6-C20 aryl, which can be substituted, and the substitution is carried out with C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C20 aryl, and n is 1 to 10).

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing stable isotope labeled carbon monoxide capable of controlling the abundance ratio of a specific kind of the stable oxygen isotope to be an arbitrary value, the present invention provides a method for producing stable isotope labeled carbon monoxide including: a first mixing step in which carbon monoxide selectively containing at least one kind of stable isotope selected from the group consisting of 12C16O, 12C17O, 12C18O, 13C16O, 13C17O, and 13C18O, and water vapor selectively containing at least one kind of stable isotope selected form the group consisting of H216O, H217O and H218O are mixed to produce stable isotope labeled carbon dioxide: and a second mixing step in which the stable isotope labeled carbon dioxide produced in the first mixing step and hydrogen are mixed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sheet silicate lamellae of a 2:1 sheet silicate with a high aspect ratio, to a method for producing these sheet silicate lamellae and to an aqueous dispersion which comprises the sheet silicate lamellae. The present invention further relates to the use of the sheet silicate lamellae of the invention for producing a composite material, and also to a corresponding composite material comprising or obtainable using the sheet silicate lamellae, more particularly for use as a diffusion barrier or as a flame retardant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to recovery of lithium from liquid resources to produce lithium solutions while limiting impurity precipitation in the lithium solutions.

Abstract: A material synthesis method may comprise: adding at least one liquid precursor solution to an atomizer device; generating by the atomizer device an aerosol comprising liquid droplets; transporting the aerosol to a reactive zone for evaporating one or more solvents from the aerosol; and collecting particles synthesized from at least evaporating the aerosol.

Abstract: A modular support system includes a central core and operation modules arranged radially around the central core. A first operation module is configured to receive water to be treated. A second operation module is disposed under the first operation module and is configured to receive the water and to perform a first type of water treatment. A third operation module is disposed under the second operation module and is configured to receive the water and to perform a second type of water treatment that is different from the first type of water treatment. A fourth operation module is disposed under the third operation module and is configured to receive and store the water for usage.

Abstract: A system for separating a soluble solution includes a first freezer configured to receive a liquid feed stream and a refrigerant stream, and discharge a concentrated solution stream, wherein the first freezer is configured to exchange heat between the liquid feed stream and the refrigerant stream through direct contact within the first freezer and freeze a portion of the liquid feed stream, a first separator external to the first freezer and configured to separate ice particles from the concentrated solution stream and recirculate the concentrated solution stream to the first freezer, and a first ice washer coupled to the first separator and configured to receive the ice particles separated from the concentrated solution stream by the first separator and wash the separated ice particles to free the ice particles from contaminants.

Abstract: An object is to provide an excrement treatment agent, which can suppress not only the odor of feces but also the ammonia odor in various environments. An excrement treatment agent, comprising limonite, lignin and bentonite, wherein, when further comprising slaked lime, the amount of the slaked lime is 10 mass % or less.

Abstract: Production of decontaminated water from contaminated water using a vessel, an inlet to the vessel wherein the contaminated water is introduced into the vessel, an outlet to the vessel wherein the decontaminated water is removed from the vessel, a plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane connected to the vessel, plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures connected to the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, and a source of ultraviolet light that directs ultraviolet light onto the vessel, the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, the plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures, and the contaminated water to produce the decontaminated water from the contaminated water.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic cavitation unit for a hydrodynamic cavitation device is provided. The hydrodynamic cavitation device is configured for fluid communication with an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit and may include an expansion chamber downstream of the inlet conduit. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit includes a body; and a plurality of lumens through the body. Each of the lumens is configured for fluid communication from the inlet conduit, through the body, and to the outlet conduit. A ratio of a total cross-sectional area of the lumens to a cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit is about 1:1 in at least a first point in the body, less than 1:1 in at least a second point in the body, and greater than 1:1 in at least a third point in the body. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit may include a cap or a vortex unit including the cap. The vortex unit may extend into the expansion chamber. The at least one lumen may include a constriction relative to the inlet conduit.

Abstract: A water ionizer includes a stacked electrolyzer and a flow switching device, with an inlet being separate from an outlet. Water entering an input regulator is distributed at a predetermined ratio before being supplied to an electrolyzer module to minimize acidic water to be discarded. Water supplied from the input regulator is directed to pass through the electrolyzer module in a crossing manner to delay flows of water to improve the efficiency of electrolysis. Electrolyzer cells are stacked on and fitted to each other to simplify an assembly process and improve convenience. Electrode plates of the electrolyzer module are fixedly fitted into a frame to facilitate an assembly process and improve a fabrication process. The input regulator and a flow switching output unit are connected via a connecting shaft to synchronize the operations thereof to obtain reliability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a flow through electrode, capacitive deionization (FTE-CDI) system which is able to adsorb nitrates from water being treated using the system. The system makes use of a pair of electrodes arranged generally parallel to one another, with a water permeable dielectric sandwiched between the electrodes. The electrodes receive a direct current voltage from an electrical circuit. At least one of the electrodes is formed from a carbon material having a hierarchical pore size distribution which includes a first plurality of pores having a width of no more than about 1 nm, and a second plurality of micro-sized pores. The micron-sized pores enable a flow of water to be pushed through the electrodes while the first plurality of pores form adsorption sites for nitrate molecules carried in the water flowing through the electrodes.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank, having therein a grounded electrode and a high-voltage electrode opposing the grounded electrode, for generating electric discharge between both the electrodes, and causing to-be-treated water to pass between the electrodes and contact with the electric discharge to perform water treatment, an ozone mixing portion for supplying ozone-containing gas in the treatment tank through a gas sending portion to the to-be-treated water supplied from outside, and a gas returning portion for sending gas in the ozone mixing portion to the treatment tank, are provided, and water treatment is performed by ozone in the ozone mixing portion, and water treatment is thereafter performed by the electric discharge in the treatment tank.

Abstract: A method for treating acrolein reactor wastewater, comprising the steps of: S1. mixing acrolein reactor wastewater and a carbonate aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the acrolein reactor wastewater has a pH value of less than 2 and contains 500 ppm to 3,000 ppm of acrolein, 50 ppm to 800 ppm of allyl alcohol, 40,000 ppm to 100,000 ppm of acrylic acid, 10,000 ppm to 30,000 ppm of formaldehyde, 3,000 ppm to 10,000 ppm of acetic acid and 3,000 ppm to 8,000 ppm of maleic acid; and the mixed solution has a pH value of 4 to 6, a COD concentration ranging from 7,500 ppm to 30,000 ppm, and a formaldehyde concentration ranging from 800 ppm to 4,000 ppm; S2. conveying the mixed solution obtained in step S1 to an anaerobic reactor (4) for biochemical treatment; and S3. conveying the solution treated in step S2 to an aerobic biochemical tank (5) for treatment; and reflowing at least one part of the solution treated in step S2 and/or S3 to step S2.

Abstract: A gel emulsification system and method for converting fats, oils, and grease (FOG) into a solid acceptable for landfill disposal. The method may include mixing FOG with a detergent and water to form an emulsion, adding viscosifier and a cross-linking agent to the emulsion, and mixing the emulsion and the viscosifier and cross-linking agent to form a gel. The system may include a container adapted to hold solids and liquids without leaking, a powdered detergent in the container to mix with water and a FOG to form an emulsion, and a powdered viscosifier and powdered cross-linking agent in the container adapted to thicken and cross-link the emulsion to form a gel. The gel formed passes a paint filter test (SW-846 Test Method 9095B).

Abstract: The invention provides a treatment system and a treatment method for PMIDA high-salinity wastewater. The treatment system includes a booster pump, a water inlet-outlet heat exchanger, a water inlet heater and an oxidation reactor, and the water inlet-outlet heat exchanger is provided with a wastewater inlet, a wastewater outlet, an oxidized water inlet, and an oxidized water outlet. An oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the water inlet-outlet heat exchanger through the oxidized water inlet, the oxidized water outlet is connected to an intermediate tank, the wastewater inlet is connected to the booster pump, and the wastewater outlet is connected to a wastewater heater. A micro-interface unit is disposed at the lower part in the oxidation reactor, for dispersing crushed gas into bubbles. A gas inlet is formed at a side wall of the oxidation reactor and is connected to the micro-interface unit through a pipeline.

Abstract: An ozone injector device comprising a housing having a water passageway through the housing, a corona tube disposed within the housing and configured to generate ozone, an ozone inlet fitting removably coupled to the water passageway, the ozone inlet being in fluid communication with the corona tube via a corona discharge tube, and a spring-loaded clearing piston positioned to move into and out of the water passageway directly opposite the ozone inlet. The clearing piston is biased upwards, towards to the ozone inlet, and configured to prevent flow of ozone into the water passageway.

Abstract: Wastewater containing organic matter may be treated using a multi-zone apparatus. In a first zone, organic matter in the wastewater may, among other things, be converted to at least volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and, thereafter, a portion of the treated wastewater may flow to a second zone that may, among other things, convert the VFAs to methane.

Abstract: A system for wastewater treatment includes a reactor for nitrification of wastewater in a body of water. The body of water has an influent end and an effluent end. The reactor is positioned at the influent end of the body of water, and has a reactor inlet adapted to receive at least a portion of the wastewater from the effluent end of the body of water or from at or near an outlet of the system.

Abstract: A method is described for selecting a treatment additive for aqueous systems, in which crystal habit modification properties are prioritized; for aqueously preparing a substantially poly-maleic additive through in-situ formation of maleic acid copolymer so that mono-carboxylic acids, non-ionic functional groups, and terminal hydroxyl groups are also formed during polymerization; and for applying such additives for treatment of aqueous systems. Treatment agents resulting from these processes are also described.

Abstract: A method, and an installation thereof, for recovering phosphorus from sludge to be treated, said method including: a stage of pre-acidification of said sludge to be treated including a step of adding an acid, preferably carbon dioxide into said sludge to be treated; a stage of bio-acidification including a step of acidogenesis and carried out in a reactor having a hydraulic retention time comprised between 1 day to 8 days and, wherein the acidified sludge has a pH comprised between 3.5 to 5.5; and a stage of treatment including: a step of solid/liquid separation; and a step of recovery of phosphates in liquid phase by sorption and/or crystallization, giving a phosphorus depleted water.

Abstract: A positive polymer fecal sludge treatment apparatus comprising a trash separator, one end of which is connected with a sludge inlet, and the other end of which is connected with a twin-rotor vacuum water pump. A high-pressure transparent tube is disposed and connected, by a knife valve, between the trash separator and the twin-rotor vacuum water pump. One end of the knife valve is connected with a first material box and a second material box. A first chemical box and a second chemical box are disposed under the first material box and the second material box, and each of the first material box and the second material box is connected with the first chemical box and the second chemical box. The first and second material boxes have a larger volume than a conventional one and thus can store more material and also can perform chemical stirring reaction directly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micro-bubble pump apparatus for a water treatment, and the micro-bubble pump apparatus for a water treatment comprises: a motor for generating rotatory power; and a micro-bubble pump connected to the motor and for mixing a feed liquid which flows into one side thereof and a feed gas which is injected into the other side thereof.

Abstract: A feed assembly for a melting chamber having a plurality of walls and at least one submerged burner, and related methods of its operation are disclosed. The feed assembly includes a tubular body being hollow and having a first end and extending to a second end. The second end is for connecting to one of the plurality of walls. The tubular body further includes a port proximate the second end wherein the port has a first port end and tapers radially inwardly to a second port end at the second end. The feed assembly also has a batch charger disposed within the tubular body and having a first charger end and extending to a second charger end.

Abstract: A system for preheating batch materials in a glass melting furnace includes a preheater having an outlet through which fluid is exhausted and an inlet that receives fluids exhausted from the furnace and recirculated from the preheater outlet. In one embodiment, a cyclonic separator has an inlet in communication with the preheater outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with a fan. A controller controls the speed of the fan responsive to a drop in pressure between the separator inlet and outlet and a temperature at the separator outlet. In other embodiments, controllers control valves that (i) control the amount of fluids exhausted from the preheater that are delivered to a flue and recirculated to the preheater or (ii) control the amount of fluids diverted to charger for the furnace, in response to temperatures in a duct coupled to the preheater inlet.

Abstract: A black ?-spodumene glass ceramic is provided. The glass ceramic includes ?-spodumene as a primary crystal phase and gahnite as a minor crystal phase. The glass ceramic is characterized by the color coordinates: L*: 20.0 to 40.0, a*: ?1.0 to 0.5, and b*: ?5.0 to 1.0. The glass ceramic may be ion exchanged. Methods for producing the glass ceramic are also provided.

Abstract: The efficiency of ion exchange processes is increased by increasing the concentration of nitrite salts in the molten salt bath. The increase in nitrite salt concentration may be achieved by adding a nitrite salt to a molten nitrate salt bath, aging a molten nitrate salt bath, or a combination thereof. The glass-based articles produced using the modified baths exhibit reduced haze and increased flexural strength.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions for coating an optical fiber containing an optional reactive monomer and/or oligomer, a self-healing component with self-healing moieties, an initiator component, and optionally an additive component. The self-healing component preferably includes polymerizable moieties. Such compositions contain greater than 30% by weight of the self-healing component, and/or greater than 0.015 equivalents of self-healing moieties per 100 g of the composition. Also disclosed herein are coated optical fibers having a glass fiber, at least one coating layer and an optional ink layer, which are configured to possess self-healing properties and/or stress relaxation behavior. Further disclosed are methods for coating self-healing optical fibers, and optical fiber cables comprising a one or more self-healing coated optical fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aluminous cement.

Abstract: A composition comprising thermoset polymer, shape memory polymer to facilitate macro scale damage closure, and methods for molecular scale healing are provided. The composition can resolve structural defects by a bio-mimetic close-then heal process. In use, the shape memory polymer can provide molecular scale healing in a structural defect. The methods for molecular scale healing can include heating a composition including a thermoplastic such as fibers, particles or spheres to a level at or above the thermoplastic's melting point, then cooling of the composition below the melting temperature of the thermoplastic. The compositions have the ability to close macroscopic defects repeatedly even if another wound/damage occurs in a previously healed/repaired area.

Abstract: The present description relates to a method of producing a wet-cast slag-based concrete product particularly where the wet-cast slag-based concrete product is partially or completely set inside a mould, pre-conditioned outside of the mould and then cured with carbon dioxide in a curing chamber. The wet-cast slag-based concrete product is optionally reinforced.

Abstract: The present description relates to methods of producing a wet-cast slag-based concrete product particularly where the wet-cast slag-based concrete product is cast, pre-conditioned and cured with carbon dioxide inside a mould and/or inside a mould placed in a curing chamber. The wet-cast slag-based concrete product is optionally reinforced.

Abstract: A dielectric material, a method of manufacturing thereof, and a dielectric device and an electronic device including the same. A dielectric material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge which are laminated, a monolayer nanosheet exfoliated from the layered metal oxide, a nanosheet laminate of the monolayer nanosheets, or a combination thereof, wherein the dielectric material includes a two-dimensional layered material having a two-dimensional crystal structure and the two-dimensional layered material is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

Abstract: Described herein, inter alia, is a concentrate including a high ionic strength liquid and a microfibrillated cellulose, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A fertilizer product and method to compose based on milk. Dairy Milk from ruminant animals like cows and goats has been used for centuries for fertilizer and pesticides. The poor efficacy obtained previously was due to the high fat content of these milk sources. Along with the benefits of using milk-based fertilizer, one must include its drawbacks. These include using too much milk, or rather too much fat in the milk, since the bacteria in it will spoil and result in a foul odor and poor growth and crop yield. This fertilizer product and method to compose results in the fertilizer compositions that contain a nutrient ingredient, which is the de-fatted milk, as a liquid or dry product, and are utilized between 10 percent weight and 95 percent and are a stabilizer and chelator for Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium utilization, as well as other known crop minerals.

Abstract: A method of processing biological solids includes blending a sludge with calcium oxide and delivering the blended sludge and calcium oxide to a pressurized container; injecting, into the blended sludge and calcium oxide in the pressurized container, an additive capable of exothermic reactions with the calcium oxide; regulating pH in the pressurized container to produce class A biological solids from the sludge; and pumping the blended sludge, calcium oxide, and additive from the pressurized container to a reactor. A system used for this process include sources of calcium oxide and biological solids, an additive injector, and a pressurized reactor.

Abstract: Particulate fertilizer compositions that include nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors are described herein. The inhibitors are separated from each other by being in separate particles. Fertilizer particles in the composition include particles having a core-shell structure, with an inhibitor included in the core particle.

Abstract: A fertilizer having a seed grind and a method of using the fertilizer to grow plants.

Abstract: An explosive device is described herein, wherein the explosive device includes a substrate that has a surface, wherein surface energy of a portion of the surface of the substrate has been modified in a vacuum chamber from a first surface energy to a second surface energy. The explosive device additionally includes explosive material that has been deposited on the surface of the substrate in the vacuum chamber by way of physical vapor deposition (PVD), wherein the explosive material is deposited on the portion of the surface of the substrate subsequent to the surface energy of the portion of the surface of the substrate being modified from the first surface energy to the second surface energy.

Abstract: A process for dehydrating an ethanol feedstock to give ethylene, includes: a) a vaporization stage; b) a heating stage; c) a dehydration stage in a multitubular reactor comprising tubes having a length of between 2 and 4 m, said tubes comprising a, preferably zeolitic, dehydration catalyst, the feedstock having an inlet temperature of greater than 400° C. and less than 550° C. and an inlet pressure of between 0.8 and 1.8 MPa, the heat transfer fluid having an inlet temperature of greater than 430° C. and less than 550° C. and a mass flow rate such that the ratio of the mass flow rates of the heat transfer fluid relative to the feedstock is greater than or equal to 10; d) separation into an effluent comprising ethylene and an aqueous effluent; e) purification of the aqueous effluent and separation of a stream of purified water and a stream of unconverted ethanol.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition and its use in the oligomerization reactions of light alkenes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises boron added to an Al-containing or Ga-containing or Fe-containing support. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic oligomerization reactions of light alkenes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for oligomerizing olefins including the steps of: carrying out an oligomerization reaction of olefins by injecting an oligomerization transition metal catalyst, a cocatalyst, an olefin monomer and a solvent into a reactor; and injecting, into the reaction product of the oligomerization reaction, a catalyst inactivator including a gaseous inorganic material that contains oxygen.

Abstract: A process comprising A) continuously introducing into a reaction zone i) ethylene, ii) an iron salt, iii) a pyridine bisimine, iv) an organoaluminum compound, and v) an organic reaction medium, and B) forming an oligomer product in the reaction zone, the reaction zone having i) an iron of the iron salt concentration in a range of 5×10?4 mmol/kg to 5×10?3 mmol/kg, ii) an aluminum of the organoaluminum compound to iron of the iron salt molar ratio in a range of 300:1 to 800:1, ii) an ethylene partial pressure in a range of 750 psig to 1200 psig, iv) an ethylene to organic reaction medium mass ratio in a range of 0.8 to 4.5, v) a temperature in a range of 75° C. to 95° C., and optionally vi) a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 5 psi.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting an alkane to an olefin. In one embodiment, the process involves oxidative coupling of an alkane, e.g., methane, with an oxidant, such as air, to produce an olefin having twice the number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. In another embodiment, the process involves oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane, e.g., ethane, with an oxidant to form an olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. The process involves passing a flow of the oxidant from a first flow passage through a porous medium; diffusing a flow of the alkane from a second flow passage into the porous medium; and contacting the reactant alkane and the oxidant in the presence of a catalyst within the porous medium to produce the olefin.