Abstract: Provided are a method and device for providing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services in next generation wireless access technology (New RAT). The method controls the sidelink HARQ feedback operation by a terminal. A PSSCH scheduled by a PSCCH including sidelink control information is received from a transmitting terminal. Wireless resources of a PSFCH including HARQ feedback information regarding the PSSCH are determined and allocated in one symbol. The PSFCH, allocated in the one symbol, are repeatedly transmitted to the transmitting terminal in two consecutive symbols.

Abstract: A method for communicating data between Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices in a network (100) including multiple nodes (200, 202). The method includes starting a scan mode at a first node (200) having data to send; and determining whether data to send has been transmitted to the first node from an upstream node or a downstream node. If the data to send was received from a downstream node, the first node begins a scan mode. If the data to send was received from an upstream node, the first node begins an ADV event.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus may receive from a second device a first data packet in one or more receiving slots of a time division duplex frame that includes a plurality of slots. The apparatus may determine whether the first data packet is received incorrectly. The apparatus may wait until the end of the one or more receiving slots and may transmit to the second device a first NACK in a NACK feedback symbol in a configured slot after the end of the one or more receiving slots in response to determining that the first data packet was not received correctly.

Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving HARQ-ACK information in a wireless communication system and a device therefor are disclosed. Specifically, a method of transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), HARQ-ACK information in a wireless communication system, the method comprising receiving configuration information related to a plurality of control resource sets; receiving first downlink control information (DCI) based on the first control resource set and second DCI based on the second control resource set via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and transmitting the HARQ-ACK information based on the determined PUCCH resource, wherein an order of the first DCI and the second DCI is determined based on (i) an index of a monitoring occasion related to the PDCCH, (ii) a cell index, and (iii) an index of each control resource set pool, wherein the PUCCH resource is determined based on a last DCI among the first DCI and the second DCI.

Abstract: A method for enabling communication over a cellular network between a first communication device of a first substation and a second communication device of a second substation. The substations are connected to a power transmission line. The method includes the steps of: receiving multicast communication from the first communication device, wherein the multicast communication including a plurality of multicast packets, and each multicast packet includes a phasor value associated with the first substation and a sequence number; receiving an acknowledgement from the second communication device, the acknowledgement including a plurality of sequence numbers of the most recently received multicast packets, that the second communication device has received from the first communication device; and determining a packet loss to the second communication device when there is a mismatch between the sequence numbers of the acknowledgment, when compared with the sequence numbers of the received multicast communication.

Abstract: There is disclosed a node for a wireless communication system. The node may comprise a receiver for receiving a data packet, a status report and an acknowledgement (ACK), a transmitter for transmitting the packet, the status reports and the ACK and a processor for selectively operating in a first mode and a second mode, for determining a mode switching criterion.

Abstract: A cloud-based Wi-Fi network architecture consisting of a CU and RAUs is proposed as an improvement on the conventional Wi-Fi architecture with traditional access points (APs). In addition, a method for uplink data transmission in a cloud-based Wi-Fi network is proposed. In a conventional Wi-Fi network with independently operating APs, APs close to each other may not be able to utilize the same frequency band efficiently because of significant amounts of interference. However, in a cloud-based Wi-Fi network, the CU coordinates RAUs so that they can operate in the same frequency band by transmitting or receiving signals through the shared wireless medium to improve spectral efficiency. For each frequency band, the proposed system utilizes a diversity combining that combines multiple signals and introduces a single improved signal with high signal-to-noise ratio for uplink transmission in the cloud-based Wi-Fi network.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data or information transmission are provided. In one aspect, a data sending method by a terminal device includes: determining indication information, determining, based on the indication information, a transport block size (TBS) used to send data, and sending the data based on the determined TBS. The terminal device can determine at least two of first information indicating that the TBS is a first TBS, second information indicating that the TBS is a second TBS, or third information indicating the terminal device to select a TBS from a TBS set as a third TBS used by the terminal device to send data. The TBS set is determined based on the first TBS, and can include at least one of the second TBS or the third TBS. The indication information includes one of the at least two of the first, second, or third information.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for scheduling uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) physical layer resources for a serving node and a user equipment (UE) for round trip time (RTT) and observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) based positioning. In an aspect, a serving node and/or a network entity configure the UL and DL physical layer resources, and inform the UE. A network node transmits RTT measurement (RTTM) signal to the UE and receives RTT response (RTTR) signals from the UE. The network node measures the times the RTTM signals are transmitted and the times the RTTR signals are received. The UE provides to serving node processing times indicating a duration between the UE receiving the RTTM signals and the UE transmitting the RTTR signals. The RTTs are calculated from the times measured by the network node and the processing times provided by the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communications method, device, and system. The method includes: generating cell selection information, where the cell selection information is associated with a configuration parameter of a reference signal of a cell; and sending the cell selection information. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the cell selection information associated with the configuration parameter of the reference signal of the cell is generated and sent, so that a terminal can perform cell selection based on the cell selection information. Therefore, terminals supporting different reference signal configurations can be deployed in a network.

Abstract: Some aspects provide a method for wireless communication by a first wireless device. The method generally includes transmitting one or more sidelink channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) targeting a group of user equipments (UEs). The method generally includes requesting one or more CSI reports from a selected one or more UEs of the group of UEs. The method generally includes receiving one or more CSI reports from the selected one or more UEs.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method and a device for determining a beam failure detection reference signal (BFD RS) resource, applied to a user-side device. The method includes: determining the BFD RS resource based on a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state of a control resource set when no BFD RS resource used for measurement of a BFD RS is configured.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for determining a reference signal (RS), a network device, a user equipment (UE), and a computer storage medium, where the method includes: configuring N control resource sets for a UE, where K pieces of transmission configuration indication (TCI) information is configured in each of at least part of control resource sets in the N control resource sets, and a quantity of the TCI information K configured in different control resource sets in the at least part of control resource sets is the same or different; where N and K are integers greater than or equal to 1, and at least one RS is indicated in each piece of TCI information; and indicating to the UE the at least one RS in the K pieces of TCI information.

Abstract: Downlink signal monitoring and transmitting method, and parameter configuration method and apparatus. The method includes: monitoring a downlink signal by a terminal equipment according to an antenna port quasi-co-location parameter; wherein the antenna port quasi-co-location parameter is related to a first cell and/or a second cell, or is related to a first reference signal index and a second reference signal index. Hence, even though a network device configures multiple carriers for the terminal equipment, the terminal equipment may be able to accurately determine an antenna port quasi-co-location parameter for receiving a downlink signal.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and apparatus for MPDCCH performance enhancement. One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus comprising: a receiver that receives a first reference signal, a second reference signal and a control signal; and a processer that decodes the control signal based on at least one of: the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein the second reference signal on an antenna port is associated with a precoder, and the antenna port of the second reference signal and the precoder for the antenna port of the second reference signal are adopted within a time duration and a frequency band.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and device for multi-antenna transmission in UE and base station. The user equipment receives a first radio signal at first, then receives a first signaling. The first radio signal is transmitted by K antenna port groups, and the first signaling is used to determine a first time resource pool; a second antenna virtualization vector is associated with the first antenna port group; the second antenna virtualization vector is an antenna virtualization vector available to the user equipment in the first time resource pool. The invention effectively reduces signaling overhead of wireless resource dynamic scheduling of a massive MIMO system.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for base stations to indicate the start and end of a downlink message, by prepending and appending demarcations to the message in 5G or 6G. A user device can then readily locate the message by detecting the demarcations, greatly reducing the amount of computation required of the receiver processor. There may be no need for a DCI message alerting the user device of the coming message. Each demarcation may be a brief predetermined bit sequence such as a demodulation reference or an identification code of the intended recipient. The start and end demarcations may be different, and may include a gap of zero or low transmission, to further assist the receiver. The user device may transmit a request message to the base station, requesting that demarcations be applied to the user's downlink messages, and declining the redundant DCI alert messages, thereby saving further energy and network overhead.

Abstract: In 5G and 6G, a user device is expected to perform an arduous blind search in each downlink control space to detect its DCI (downlink control information) messages. To save energy and complexity, especially for reduced-capability IoT applications, low-complexity procedures are disclosed that enable each user to request a custom search-space comprising one or more specific times and frequencies. Each downlink control or data message then starts in the custom search-space. The data or control messages may include the user's ID code, in plain text (as opposed to complex encoding) and/or the length of the message, so that the user can readily identify its messages. The user device may thereby readily separate its messages from the stream of incoming data. Result: saved time and energy, fewer dropped messages, and generally improved network performance, especially for simpler processors and devices.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of operating a radio node in a Radio Access Network, the method including communicating utilizing frequency resources based on allocation information received in a message, the message having an allocation information structure containing the allocation information.

Abstract: Aspects of the present application provide methods and devices in a communication network that aid in implementing sounding reference signal (SRS) measurement by multiple cells (i.e. serving cells and non-serving cells, also known as “neighbor cells”) as well as NR LMUs.

Abstract: A wireless device initializes a candidate resource set. The candidate resource set comprises candidate resources in a selection window. The wireless device receives a second sidelink transmission. The second sidelink transmission comprises sidelink control information (SCI). The SCI indicates first resources during the selection window. The SCI indicates a priority of the second sidelink transmission. The priority is used for excluding the first resources from the candidate resource set. The wireless device excludes the first resources from the candidate resource set based on the priority being higher than a first priority threshold. The wireless device selects second resources from the candidate resource set based on the excluding of the first resources from the candidate resource set. The wireless device transmits a first sidelink transmission via the second resources.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method and a communications apparatus. A method in an embodiment includes: sending, by a network device, first data to a terminal in a first subframe through a first channel, where the first channel is a channel occupied in a channel system by a service between the network device and the terminal; performing, by the network device, channel listening on a channel that is not occupied in the channel system by the service; and when there is a second channel in an idle state, sending, by the network device, second data of the service to the terminal in a second subframe through the first channel and the second channel, where the second subframe is after the first subframe. The service includes the first data and the second data, and a data frame of the service includes the first subframe and the second subframe.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine a first hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) payload for a first component carrier (CC) set based at least in part on a first downlink assignment index (DAI). The UE may determine a second HARQ-ACK payload for a second CC set based at least in part on a second DAI. The UE may transmit the first HARQ-ACK payload for the first CC set and the second HARQ-ACK payload for the second CC set. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A method of generating Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is discussed. The method includes receiving, by the UE from a base station (BS), a plurality of codewords through a plurality of downlink frequency bands related to a plurality of downlink carriers, wherein the UE is configured with a 1-codeword mode or a 2-codeword mode for each of the plurality of downlink frequency bands independently, and wherein a number of supported codewords is one for the 1-codeword mode or two for the 2-codeword mode; determining, by the UE, a total number of ACK/NACK bits, wherein the total number of ACK/NACK bits is determined based on a total number of the plurality of downlink carriers and the number of supported codewords; and generating, by the UE, a sequence of the ACK/NACK bits based on the total number of the ACK/NACK bits.

Abstract: A method for transmitting uplink control information and an apparatus therefor are disclosed. In a method for transmitting uplink control information using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in a wireless communication system, the method is performed by a terminal and includes receiving downlink control information including an accumulated number of physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH) transmissions associated with a cell group configured for the terminal, coding the uplink control information using the accumulated number of PDSCH transmissions, and transmitting the coded uplink control information using the PUSCH.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus may determine channel state information (CSI) feedback based at least in part on a channel quality information (CQI) table and a CSI reference resource size of the apparatus, wherein at least one of the CSI feedback or the CQI table is modified based at least in part on a modulation configuration of the apparatus; and report the CSI feedback. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an operation method of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system supporting an unlicensed band and a device for supporting same. The present invention discloses an operation method of a terminal and a base station and a device for supporting same, according to one specific embodiment, wherein the method is based on signaling, to the terminal, whether or not the base station is occupied by each channel access procedure (CAP) subband through downlink control information (DCI) including slot format information for one or more slots.

Abstract: A wireless device receives message(s) comprising parameters of cells grouped into: a primary control channel group comprising a primary cell with a primary control channel, and a secondary control channel group comprising a control channel secondary cell with a secondary control channel. Parameters comprise RRC dedicated parameters. A secondary cell other than the control channel secondary cell is mapped to the secondary control channel group if a first control channel parameter is present in the RRC dedicated parameters of the secondary cell when the secondary cell is added to the cells. Otherwise the secondary cell is mapped to the primary control channel group. A secondary cell is considered to be the control channel secondary cell if second control channel parameters are present in the RRC dedicated parameters. First channel state information is transmitted via the secondary control channel. Second channel state information is transmitted via the primary control channel.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless communication method and device. The method includes: a network device sending first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used for indicating the format of a first downlink control channel, and the first downlink control channel is used for carrying hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback information about a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of at least one terminal device; and the network device sending the first downlink control channel having the format.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for communication using fronthaul interfaces. An operation method of a first communication node includes transmitting a section type 8 message #1 including numerology-related information #1; transmitting a section type 9 message #1 including channel information of each of one or more second communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #1 and the numerology related information #1, transmitting a section type 8 message #2 including numerology-related information #2 other than the numerology-related information #1; and transmitting a section type 9 message #2 including channel information of each of one or more third communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #2 and the numerology-related information #2.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a signal by a serving base station (BS) in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE), an uplink (UL) signal including a cell identifier (ID) of a first BS transmitting a downlink (DL) signal to the UE, determining whether the cell ID of the first BS is identical to a cell ID of the serving BS, transmitting a DL signal to the UE based on the cell ID of the first BS being identical to the cell ID of the serving BS, and transmitting information on the UL signal to the first BS based on the cell ID of the first BS being different from the cell ID of the serving BS. The UE supports full-duplex radio, and the UL signal includes a feedback for a DL signal transmitted by the first BS.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for receiving and transmitting signals over a time division duplex communication path (the “Path”). Operations may include sending a first signal via an uplink portion of the Path, and receiving a second signal via a downlink portion of the Path. The Path operates over a first band having a first frequency range and during a communication time including an uplink period (TU) and a downlink period (TD). The uplink portion is sent during the uplink period, uses a first portion of the first frequency range and is disposed between a first uplink guard band portion and a second uplink guard band portion. The guard bands are allocated from a second portion and a third portion of the first band. The first band is disposed between a second band, providing a second communication path, and a third band providing an FDD communication path.

Abstract: A clock recovery circuit may include: a data slicer configured to output data values based on an input signal, a first error block, a phase adjustment loop including: a first error slicer configured to generate a first error signal based on a comparison of a threshold voltage and an input voltage, wherein the first error block is configured to selectively output the first error signal in response to a first pattern in the output data values, a second error block configured to selectively output the first error signal in response to a second pattern in the output data values, and a voltage threshold modification circuitry configured to adjust the threshold voltage based on output of the second error block, a voltage-controlled oscillator, wherein the data slicer and the first error slicer are clocked based on output of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

Abstract: Interface devices and systems that include interface devices are disclosed. In some implementations, a device includes a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data, a lane margining controller in communication with the transceiver and configured to control the transceiver to transmit, through a margin command, to an external device, a request for requesting a state of an elastic buffer of the external device, and control the transceiver to receive the state of the elastic buffer of from the external device, and a port setting controller adjust a clock frequency range of a spread spectrum clocking scheme based on the state of the elastic buffer.

Abstract: A light-triggered transponder includes one or more of photo cells, a clock recovery circuit and a reverse antenna system. The clock recovery circuit (CRC) includes a photoconductor with a source terminal, a drain terminal for receiving a voltage, the photoconductor resistance varying with received light intensity. The CRC is configured to generate a recovered clock. A reverse antenna system connected to at least one photo cell and configured to transmit data. The photoconductor configured to produce a modulated voltage signal from an incident modulated light incident. The CRC can include an amplifier coupled to the source terminal of the photoconductor via a capacitor for receiving the modulated voltage signal and outputting an analog signal generated from the voltage signal. The CRC can include an inverter coupled to the amplifier and configured to digitize the analog signal of the amplifier.

Abstract: A control method for an optical transceiver includes interrupting internal repetitive internal processing in response to a command from a host apparatus and executing an interrupt process for transmitting monitoring data. The method sets a processing mode of the interrupt process to a first processing mode when a processing time necessary to execute the interrupt process and one cycle of the repetitive processing is shorter than a threshold value, and to a second processing mode when the processing time necessary to execute the interrupt process and one cycle of the repetitive processing is longer than the threshold value. In the first mode, the interrupt process stores first monitoring data read out from a memory unit in a transmission register, stops the stretching of a clock signal, and subsequently reads out second monitoring data from the memory unit to follow the first monitoring data.

Abstract: A method, controller, and non-transitory computer-readable medium of a distributed crypto-ledger network, including receiving an instruction to perform an operation between a first user and a second user, the first user corresponding to a first entity that is a member of the distributed crypto-ledger network, the instruction comprising a destination address corresponding to the second user, querying a top-level name registry with the destination address to determine a second entity associated with the destination address, the second entity being a different member of the crypto-ledger network, and executing the operation between the first user and the second user by transmitting execution instructions to the first entity and the second entity, the execution instructions causing a first entity controller to modify data stored on a first distributed crypto-ledger of the first entity, and causing a second entity controller to modify data stored on the second distributed crypto-ledger of the second entity.

Abstract: Countermeasures against fault injection attacks of a cryptographic integrated circuit, and more specifically laser fault injection attacks are provided. The invention consists in generating sequences of bits belonging to a set of allowed sequences, and storing these sequences on a set of Flip-Flops. Then the sequences stored on the Flip-Flops are checked and, if they do not belong to the allowed sequence, this is the sign that a fault injection attack occurred and caused a bit flip in one of the flip-flops. An alarm signal is then generated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for validating credentials are disclosed. One example method, performed by one or more processors of a computing device associated with a neural network, includes training the neural network to infer validity information for encrypted credentials received from a credential source, wherein the validity information is inferred without decrypting the encrypted credentials, receiving a first encrypted credential from the credential source, generating an encrypted validity indicator for the first encrypted credential based on the validity information inferred by the neural network, and providing the encrypted validity indicator to the credential source.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a ciphertext based on homomorphic encryption. The method includes determining an approximate polynomial corresponding to a modulus reduction for bootstrapping a ciphertext based on samples extracted from the modulus reduction, and bootstrapping the ciphertext based on the approximate polynomial.

Abstract: Methods, system and devices are provided that generate a sequence of sub-keys for cryptographic operations from a main key. The main key is operated on only once to generate the sub-keys of the sequence, with a transformation comprising one or more one-way functions. The respective bit values of the sub-keys of the sequence are set using respective bit values of the one or more one-way functions. Advantageously, deriving sub-key bits from respective output bits of one or more one-way functions removes or at least reduces correlations between the main key and the sub-keys, as well as between sub-keys, making it harder or even impossible to recover the main key or other sub-keys from a single sub-key, for example as found using a side-channel attack.

Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards generating shared authentication keys using network connection characteristics. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor and a memory that can store executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations can comprise generating a first authenticator based on a first authentication key generated based on a first connection characteristic of the first device and a second connection characteristic of a second device. The operations can further comprise incorporating the first authenticator into first content for authentication by the second device employing a second authentication key, generated by the second device based on the first connection characteristic and the second connection characteristic. The operations can further comprise establishing, based on the first content, a connection with the second device.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node. The receiving is at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node. A security association is created at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node. An identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node is obtained, and a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel is built. The message includes the identifier of the shared key. The message is sent to the initiator channel.

Abstract: Described are techniques for securing a most recent block in a data structure such as a blockchain. Techniques include configuring a data processing node that is deployable to a physical location, with a module that generates a verification signing key (VSK) pair, the VSK pair including a private VSK key that is known only to the data processing node, and a public VSK key, receiving by the data processing node, an indication of the deployment to the physical location, generating in response to the indication, by the data processing node the verification signing key (VSK) pair, and transmitting from the data processing node the public VSK key to one or more electronic devices. These techniques assure to a high degree that the generated private key remains unknown and thus can be used to secure the most recent block that is added to a data structure such as a blockchain.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for assigning the execution of a cryptography and/or compression operation on a data segment to either a central processing unit (CPU) or a hardware accelerator is disclosed. In particular, a data segment on which a cryptography and/or compression operation is to be executed is received. Status information relating to a CPU and a hardware accelerator is determined. Whether the operation is to be executed on the CPU or on the hardware accelerator is determined based at least in part on the status information. In response to determining that the operation is to be executed on the CPU, the data segment is forwarded to the CPU for execution of the operation. On the other hand, in response to determining that the operation is to be executed on the hardware accelerator, the data segment is forwarded to the hardware accelerator for execution of the operation.

Abstract: A method in a network having a plurality of network nodes comprises the following steps performed in a first node of the network: receiving an initiation message from a second node of the network, the received initiation message comprising a public key of the second node; determining at least one of a proximity or velocity measure of the second node; checking whether the at least one determined measure is below a threshold and, when so, emitting a reply message comprising an encrypted part and an encryption key encrypted with the received public key from the second node; and repeatedly emitting status messages, wherein at least a part of each emitted status message is encrypted with the encryption key.

Abstract: Techniques for cryptographically protecting personally identifiable information in images and videos are described herein. An image may be obtained. One or more regions in the image may be detected based on an object detection algorithm. Pixels for each region of the one or more regions may be encrypted using a symmetric encryption technique and an initialization vector. The encrypted pixels for each region of the one or more regions may be written back into the image. A symmetric key of the symmetric encryption technique and the initialization vector may be encrypted using an asymmetric encryption technique. Metadata of the image may be updated to store the encrypted symmetric key and the encrypted initialization vector.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to generating a set of data elements for more secure encryption or more resilient decryption associated with generating a target set of conditional data elements. The target set of conditional data elements may fulfill a condition. Public keys associated with an encrypted message may be associated with conditional data elements of the target set of conditional data elements. By performing at least one cycle of decryption associated with the public keys, an encrypted message may be decrypted.

Abstract: A record of authorization including user information is received and appended to a blockchain. The record of authorization authorizes access by a third-party application to the user information for an access duration. The user information is encrypted by a group key and access duration is based on a change to the group key. The group key comprises a public/private key pair, and the access duration is implemented by an authorization group of nodes having the group key. The group key corresponds to either a valid group key at or near the start of the access duration, that enables decryption of a message in the record of authorization that includes the user information, or an incompatible group key at or after the end of the access duration, that does not enable decryption of the message in the record of authorization that includes the user information.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain is provided. The method comprises providing a blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) redeemable by means of a first signature (?(Am), ?(Bm)) associated with a selection (A, B) and a second signature (?(A), ?(B)) associated with the selection, providing each of a plurality of participants (Ui) with at least one share (kA,i, KB,i) of at least one respective secret value (kA, kB) wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature, and submitting the blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) to the blockchain.