Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for protecting a door system from damage by a back electromotive force (EMF) voltage generated when a door coupled to a door actuator is manually closed. The door system may include a driver configured to drive the door actuator to move the door, and a back EMF protection circuit. The back EMF protection circuit detects a back EMF voltage generated by the door actuator when the door is moved, and determines whether the back EMF voltage exceeds an overvoltage threshold. In response to determining that the back EMF voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the back EMF protection circuit causes the driver to transition to an enabled state to short the back EMF voltage to ground.

Abstract: An electrode, a lithium battery including the same, and a method of preparing the electrode are provided. The electrode includes an electrode active material layer including an electrode active material and a binder; and an electrode current collector at a portion of the electrode active material layer and at one side of the electrode active material layer, or at a portion of the electrode active material layer between opposing sides of the electrode active material layer, wherein the electrode active material layer includes a plurality of through-holes.

Abstract: Detection of hydrogen peroxide or phosphate related compounds in test or clinical samples by using potentiometric sensors wherein the reference electrode and a hydrogen peroxide selective electrode are both connected by a polyelectrolyte positioned in-between. More particularly a potentiometric sensor device for the detection of chemical species in solution with a novel configuration is disclosed.

Abstract: Different aspects of the invention implement an enhanced DLT system, and corresponding method, that allows the execution of DApps that generate huge amounts of data to be stored in the DLT network in an efficient and optimized manner, also allowing the dynamic allocation of resources according to the properties of each DApp to be implemented. By allowing the interface between any type of existing layer 1 DLT network, it does not require the complex, slow, costly and highly risk process involved in the generation of a new layer 1 DLT network. It opens up the range of possible applications of the DLT network to applications in Big Data, 10T, Web 3, MMOG, or any other environment that needs the trust provided by the immutability of data stored in the DLT network.

Abstract: The present application relates to a composition for manufacturing paper and a method for manufacturing paper using same. The composition for manufacturing paper of the present application comprises a pulp fiber and a polymer fiber, and the content ratio between the pulp fiber and the polymer fiber is 50:50 to 95:5.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second wiring layers, and first and second via plugs. The first wiring layer has parallel tracks along which wirings are laid out, the tracks including first and second outer tracks and an inner track between the first and second outer tracks, the wirings including a first line laid out along the first outer track and having an end portion that is laid out along the first outer track, and a second line laid out along the inner track and having an end portion that is laid out along the first outer track. The first via plug is in contact with the end portion of the first line and extends between the first and second wiring layers, and the second via plug is in contact with the end portion of the second line and extends between the first and second wiring layers.

Abstract: For a non-volatile memory that uses hard bit and soft bit data in error correction operations, to reduce the amount of soft bit data that needs to be transferred from a memory to the controller and improve memory system performance, the soft bit data can be compressed before transfer. After the soft bit data is read and stored into the internal data latches associated with the sense amplifiers, it is compressed within these internal data latches. The compressed soft bit data can then be transferred to the transfer data latches of a cache buffer, where the compressed soft bit data can be consolidated and transferred out over an input-output interface. Within the input-output interface, the compressed data can be reshuffled to put into logical user data order if needed.

Abstract: A drilling fluid conditioning system for a well system includes a return conduit configured to receive drilling fluid recirculated from a wellbore of the well system, a drilling fluid pre-chilling system in fluid communication with and downstream from the return conduit, wherein the drilling fluid pre-chilling system includes a cooler configured to transfer heat from the drilling fluid to a heat sink, and a solids control system in fluid communication with and downstream from the drilling fluid pre-chilling system, wherein the solids control system is configured to separate at least some solids from the drilling fluid.

Abstract: Electrolytes are described that involve lithium salt blends and compatible nonaqueous solvents that provide to high rate performance, charging and discharging, of lithium ion cells using silicon-based active materials, such as silicon suboxide composites, for example, silicon oxide/silicon/carbon composites. The lithium salts generally were a blend of LiPF6, and LiFSI or LiTFSI. The solvents generally comprised fluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate with optional cosolvents and/or other additives.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biparatopic antibodies comprising polypeptides that bind to folate receptor alpha (FR?) compositions comprising such biparatopic antibodies. In a specific aspect, the biparatopic antibodies bind to FR? and modulate FR? activity. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating disorders, such as cancer, by administering a biparatopic antibody that specifically binds to FR? and modulates FR? activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid compression apparatus having a plurality of compression stages, comprising a first compression chamber, a second compression chamber, an intake system communicating with the first compression chamber which is configured to allow fluid to be compressed into said first compression chamber, a transfer system configured to allow in an open position the transfer of fluid from the first compression chamber to the second compression chamber, a mobile piston for ensuring the compression of the fluid in the first and second compression chambers.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aircraft ground guidance system and method based on semantic recognition of a controller instruction. The system includes a semantic recognition module, a path generation and geographic information system (GIS) mapping module, and an aircraft guidance terminal module. The system can improve safety of aircraft ground operation, does not require manual operation of an aircraft guidance vehicle, can reduce construction, transformation, maintenance and operation costs, and meets airport control requirements, and a highly reliable, low-fault, economical and practical airport control decision support system and aircraft ground guidance system in an airport flight area are formed, improving the safety of aircraft ground operation.

Abstract: Some aspects of this disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for the reselection of a Radio Access Technology (RAT) for a multi-mode user equipment (UE). A UE can determine that the UE camps on a first RAT for service by a first public land mobile network (PLMN) and that the UE camps on a second RAT for service by a second PLMN, and store information about the first RAT for the first PLMN. The UE can further determine whether there is a trigger event to enable the UE to switch from the second RAT to the first RAT. In response to a determination that there is the trigger event, the UE can determine whether a cell in the first RAT for the first PLMN is available for the UE to camp on to select the available cell in the first RAT to register the UE with the first PLMN.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system with active learning and execution of user's preference functionalities for use in a garment. The present system includes a sensor module, an optional user input panel and/or interface, a printed circuit board, a power source and an output. In an event that a user of the present system voluntarily changes the output setting during the operation of the system, the system performs an active learning action to execute the output setting initiated by the user over a passive learning action triggered by a change in sensor data with respect to the changing environment. In other event, the present system performs passive learning action with respect to the changing environment and also any comparative data from similar user of a particular instance. The present invention also relates to a power management unit and how to use the same in a garment.

Abstract: Described herein are controllers with sensor-rich controls for enhanced controller functionality. An example control may include a pressure sensor that is configured to detect an amount of a force of a press on a cover of the control based at least in part on a proximity of a metal layer to the pressure sensor. This control may further include a touch sensor for detecting an object contacting the cover of the control. Additional embodiments disclose, among other things, integrated trackpads and D-pads, as well as backlighting features that indicate a functional state of the controller.

Abstract: A tubular skylight assembly. The tubular skylight assembly may include a light tube pitch adapter that may be adjustable to alter an angle between its ends, a cylindrical light tube secured to the light tube pitch adaptor, a collar for securing to the light tube pitch adapter, a flashing surround preferably having an exterior base and a top cover, and a skylight cover having an outer frame and a glass pane. The collar and light tube pitch adapter may reside at least partially within the exterior base of the flashing surround and the skylight cover may be disposed over the top cover of the flashing surround.

Abstract: Techniques for generating recommendations using machine learning with respect to semantic concepts defined in a knowledge graph. A hair profile is determined for a user based on inputs related to the user. Determining the hair profile includes extracting attributes of the user from the inputs using natural language processing, computer vision, or both, and identifying respective nodes for the extracted attributes in the knowledge graph. The knowledge graph is created via machine learning using population data including hair-related data in order to identify relationships between semantic concepts represented by nodes of the knowledge graph. The nodes include discrete properties such as individual hair attributes, ingredients of products, or otherwise discrete characteristics of factors that may affect a user's hair or related health conditions. A generalized recommendation is generated based on the hair profile.

Abstract: Data received from an in-situ monitoring system includes, for each scan of a sensor, a plurality of measured signal values for a plurality of different locations on a layer. A thickness of a polishing pad is determined based on the data from the in-situ monitoring system. For each scan, a portion of the measured signal values are adjusted based on the thickness of the polishing pad. For each scan of the plurality of scans and each location of the plurality of different locations, a value is generated representing a thickness of the layer at the location. This includes processing the adjusted signal values using one or more processors configured by machine learning. A polishing endpoint is detected or a polishing parameter is modified based on the values representing the thicknesses at the plurality of different locations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes and reaction systems for controlling a temperature of an oligomerization reaction zone using a heat exchange system.

Abstract: A method of classifying a driving maneuver performed by another vehicle in an environment of an ego-vehicle. In the method: a time series of a metrologically determined position of the other vehicle relative to the ego-vehicle that extends to a time step t is provided; spatial profiles of lanes in which the other vehicle may be located are provided; for a plurality of driving maneuvers from a predetermined catalog of possible driving maneuvers, conditional probabilities for the other vehicle to perform this driving maneuver at the time t are respectively determined with a predetermined model by using the time series of the position and the profiles of the lanes; by using these conditional probabilities, a most likely position and/or a probability distribution of positions of the other vehicle at the time step t is determined.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques enable a first wireless device (e.g., an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node in an IAB system) or a network entity (e.g., a centralized unit (CU) in the IAB system) to select a set of wireless devices for communication. The first wireless device, the CU, or both may select the set of wireless devices for communication based on a pathloss mode of the first wireless device, whether an angular separation between a group of nodes (e.g., one or more of the set of wireless devices) is less than an angular separation threshold, or both. The first wireless device may communicate with the set of wireless devices with one or more communications beams. For example, the device may communicate with multiple wireless devices using a single communication beam if the angular separation between the multiple devices is relatively low.

Abstract: Example embodiments described herein therefore relate to an AR guidance system to perform operations that include: detecting a client device at a location within a geo-fenced area, wherein the geo-fenced area may include within it, a destination of interest; determining a route to the destination of interest from the location of the client device within the geo-fenced area; causing display of a presentation of an environment within an AR interface at the client device; detecting a display of real-world signage within the presentation of the environment; generating a media item in response to the detecting the display of the signage within the presentation of the environment, wherein the media item is based on the route to the destination of interest; and causing display of the media item within the AR interface based on the position of the signage within the presentation of the environment.

Abstract: A skin locking clip that is firmly supported by a pad is provided. The skin locking clip (10) is disposed in a groove (8) of a pad (5) of a vehicle seat or the like, and fixes a locked portion (6c) attached to a skin material. The skin locking clip (10) includes a base plate (11), a locking piece (12) erected on the base plate (11) to lock the locked portion (6c), and an overhanging piece (13) erected on the base plate. Since the overhanging piece (13) is supported by the pad (5), the skin locking clip (10) is firmly supported by the pad (5).

Abstract: A method of brewing a flash brewed coffee concentrate includes flash brewing ground coffee to brew a hot coffee extract and mixing the hot coffee extract with a frozen concentrated coffee extract to chill the hot coffee extract to a temperature less than 130° F. while increasing the concentration of the hot coffee extract to form the flash brewed coffee concentrate.

Abstract: Two headlights are spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction of a vehicle in which they are installed. When the headlights are in position to simultaneously provide light patterns, a first light pattern is located at least partially above a second light pattern in the vertical direction with respect to the installation position of the headlights.

Abstract: A method for operating a digital assistant of a vehicle includes receiving a status of the digital assistant, and determining a display device for displaying the status of the digital assistant. The method further includes determining at least one display parameter of the display device. The method also includes generating an animated visual control object depending on the status of the digital assistant, the display device, and the at least one display parameter. The animated visual control object is deployed on the display device. A corresponding system performs the method.

Abstract: A relatively inexpensive papermaking agent having a high concentration and a high molecular weight that exhibits an excellent freeness and paper strength effect obtained using starches which are biomass materials. A papermaking agent which is a (meth)acrylamide polymer containing starches (a1), a (meth)acrylamide (a2), a polymerizable monomer having an amino group (a3), a polymerizable monomer having a carboxy group (a4) and a polymerizable monomer having a sulfonate group (a5) as essential constituent components, wherein the ratio between the amount of the component (a1) used in terms of non-volatile content weight and a total amount of the components (a2) to (a5) used is [(a1)/{(a2)+(a3)+(a4)+(a5)}]=5/95 to 45/55, and wherein the (meth)acrylamide polymer has a non-volatile content concentration of 22 to 35 weight %, and a weight average molecular weight of 1,500,000 to 7,000,000.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an analysis device performs an analysis related to a plurality of tasks of a manufacturing process. The analysis device receives an image when each of the plurality of tasks is performed. The analysis device receives the images from an imaging device acquiring the images. The analysis device receives a detection signal from a tool used in at least one of the plurality of tasks. The detection signal is detected by the tool. The analysis device refers to end determination data for determining an end of each of the plurality of tasks. The analysis device determines the end of each of the plurality of tasks based on the images, the detection signal, and the end determination data.

Abstract: A program recorded on a computer-readable recording medium causes a processor of a game apparatus to function as a game controller configured to execute a video game and generate video information indicative of a video of the video game; and a generator configured to generate analysis information obtained by analyzing a plurality of pieces of game message information output from a plurality of terminal apparatuses configured to display a distributed video based on the video information. The game controller is configured to impart to the video of the video game at least one of a visual effect that is in accordance with the analysis information or an auditory effect that is in accordance with the analysis information, and each piece of game message information output from the plurality of terminal apparatuses includes a message related to at least one of the distributed video or the video game.

Abstract: A self-balancing Two-Rotation Driving Mechanism (TRDM) uses parallelogram and has low weight, high load, high accuracy, quick response and good adaptation with multi equipment. A longitudinal rotation motor assembly is constrained fully with a base assembly and drives a longitudinal rotation assembly through connecting rod parallelogram. The lateral rotation motor assembly is assembled in the hub of a longitudinal rotation assembly and rotates an equipment clamping assembly in a lateral direction. Generally, the TRDM can drive equipment clamping assembly in two rotations, with longitudinal rotation in the range of ±45° and lateral rotation in range of ±20°. A rotation limitation is reached when limitation shafts touch the end of respective grooves.

Abstract: An endoscope having a handle, the handle including a frame with bearings, a control device with trunnions extending from opposite sides of a body of the control device, shell parts together enclosing a cavity accommodating the frame and at least partly the control device therein, the shell parts including a first column and a second column extending into the cavity from opposite sides, wherein the shell parts and the frame each are formed as separate components, wherein the trunnions of the control device and preferably the columns are supported by the bearings of the frame so that the control device is rotatable about a pivot axis, and wherein the first and second columns of the shell parts are arranged to retain the trunnions of the control device between the first and second columns of the shell parts.

Abstract: A net repair patch latching unit comprising one or more carabiners. The carabiner of the net repair patch latching unit comprises at least one load-bearing section; a spine and a forepart; one or more first grooves configured to accommodate a yarn of the net to be repaired; at least one elongated bendable part having a distal end and a proximal end. The elongated bendable part comprises at least one transitional bending area connecting the spine and the proximal end of the at least one bendable part; one or more guiding nudges protruding from the load-bearing section; one or more attaching element protruding from the load-bearing section.

Abstract: Described herein is an isolated biological polysaccharide compound. The biological polysaccharide compound may be characterised by being isolated and having: glycosyl linkages comprising 1:3 linked glucopyranosyl residue of 65-95% wt and 1:6 linked glucopyranosyl residue of 5-25% wt; and a purity of 85-100% ?-glucan; and a molecular weight of 0.5 to 2.2 MDa; and a TNF-alpha cytokine response in a human bioassay that is at least 1.5 times greater than a negative control TNF-alpha cytokine response in a human bioassay; and being essentially insoluble in aqueous solutions. In at least one embodiment, methods are described of treating skin by topical application of a vehicle containing the isolated biological polysaccharide to a skin site such as a wound or burn. A method of manufacture is also described.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide non-human animal models of cancer pathology, which mimic the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological property of human cancer tissues, and uses thereof. To achieve the objective described above, first, the present inventors transplanted cells of NOG-established cancer lines into NOG mice and morphologically observed the resulting tissue organization. As a result, the non-human animal models were demonstrated to exhibit pathologies (the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological properties of the cancer cells) similar to that of human cancer. Specifically, the present inventors succeeded in preparing non-human animal models exhibiting pathologies more similar to a human cancer, and cell culture systems using NOG-established cancer cell lines where the in vitro cell morphology is more similar to that of human cancer.

Abstract: A fold line design method is a method for folding a target member. The method includes: setting a ribbase on a plane along a main surface of the target member; designing a plurality of first fold lines each of which extend radially from the ribbase as a starting point, and in which a mountain fold line and a valley fold line are alternately disposed; and designing a plurality of second fold lines which respectively connect the first fold lines adjacent to each other among the plurality of first fold lines, and constitute one continuous fold line.

Abstract: A lawn mower or stand-on powered drivable machine has an electrical port that receives current from an alternator powered by the engine or motor. The port receives a plug from a garment worn by the lawn mower operator. The garment includes one or more thermo-electric elements that are powered from current extending through the port. The thermo-electric (TEC) elements may be resistive heaters to warm the operator or TEC coolers to cool the operator. Furthermore, the garment may include a rechargeable battery that powers the thermo-electric elements when the plug is disconnected from the port.

Abstract: Provided is a boron nitride sintered body including boron nitride particles and pores, the boron nitride sintered body having a sheet shape and a thickness of less than 2 mm. Provided is a method for manufacturing a boron nitride sintered body, the method including a sintering step of molding and heating a blend containing a boron carbonitride powder and a sintering aid to obtain a sheet-shaped boron nitride sintered body including boron nitride particles and pores, in which a thickness of the boron nitride sintered body obtained in the sintering step is less than 2 mm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-trapdoor-leakage on-chain data restoration system, at least comprising: a blockchain node, for broadcasting transaction data of a request-initiating person to blockchain nodes and proposer nodes in other groups, respectively; and a proposer node, for performing computation of a Chameleon-Hash function using a key set that is generated by a key-generating module provided in the proposer node, packaging the transaction data to generate a new block, and distributing the new block to all the blockchain nodes so that the blockchain nodes update their respective underlying ledgers according to the new blocks broadcasted by the proposer. The system of the present invention not only realizes such functions as restoration and editing of the transaction data, but also protects operational security and reliability of blockchains.

Abstract: A segmental bearing device includes a plurality of rolling elements, a segmental cage for receiving the plurality of rolling elements, and a partial shell. The segmental cage has a first end region and a first interference region disposed in the first end region. The partial shell has a bearing race for the plurality of rolling elements, and first and second axial guide flanges for axially guiding the segmental cage. The first interference region lies against the first axial guide flange, axially clamping the segmental cage. The segmental cage may also include a second end region, axially opposite the first end region, and a second interference region disposed in the second end region. The second interference region lies against the second axial guide flange, axially clamping the segmental cage.

Abstract: The present invention describes a coating composition for the foundry industry, for use in the foundry, in particular comprising certain organic ester compounds of a formula (I) and particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2); and also coated foundry molding elements, especially foundry molds and/or foundry cores, which each comprise a coating composition of the invention. The invention further describes the use of a coating composition of the invention for producing a coating on a foundry molding element and a method for producing a foundry molding element coated with a water-containing refractory coating. The invention likewise describes a kit whose contents include a coating composition of the invention.

Abstract: An armrest arrangement having a support structure secured to a vehicle and having two carrier arms supported so as to be pivotably movable relative to the support structure about a pivot axis, and having a blocking device acting between the support structure and at least one carrier arm and activated by a mechanical control unit to block a pivot movement of the carrier arm. The control unit cooperates with the blocking device, depending on an acceleration or speed of the pivot movement. The support structure has, for each carrier arm, an axle carrier continuation on which one of the two carrier arms is pivotably moveably supported. The two axle carrier continuations have respective carrier arms spaced apart from each other along the pivot axis.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by the following Formula 1, and has an excellent effect of scavenging decomposition products generated from the lithium salt, and thus, may improve overall performance of the battery: wherein in Formula 1, A is a C1 to C5 alkyl group.

Abstract: An introducer sheath for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel having an expandable sheath. The sheath has a length, a thickness, and proximal and distal ends. The expandable sheath has a frame extending longitudinally between the proximal and the distal ends, and having an exterior surface and an interior surface that forms an interior lumen along the length of the frame. The frame is configured to achieve an expanded state and a contracted state, the expanded state forming an expanded cross-section in the lumen for passing a medical device therethrough. The frame has a smooth coating about the exterior surface and protrusions extending into the lumen along the interior surface. The introducer sheath can be introduced into a patient in the contracted state, with the distal end of the introducer sheath prevented from moving in the proximal direction by an abutment against a dilator end surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system includes an array of memory cells that store two or more bits of data each, and a memory controller to control writing data into the memory cells and reading from the memory cells. When a first command is received from a host, the memory controller reads data designated by the first command from the array and then rewrites the read data back into the array using a writing method in which a lower number of bits per memory cell is written than the originally stored manner of the read data. When a read command designating the rewritten data is received from the host, the memory controller reads from the array and transfers it to the host.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a comparator circuit having false-alarm preventing mechanism. An input pair circuit receives a first and a second input voltages from a first and a second input terminals in an the operation state. The input pair circuit and a latch circuit cooperate to perform comparison thereon in the operation state to generate a first and a second output voltages at a first and a second output terminals. A gate and a drain of a first latch transistor are electrically coupled to the first and the second output terminals respectively. A gate and a drain of a second latch transistor are electrically coupled to the second and the first output terminals respectively. A conduction adjusting circuit enhances the conduction of the latch circuit when being triggered. A voltage detection circuit triggers the conduction adjusting circuit when the first and the second output voltages are not within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A suspended device structure comprises a substrate, a cavity disposed in a surface of the substrate, and a device suspended entirely over a bottom of the cavity. The device is a piezoelectric device and is suspended at least by a tether that physically connects the device to the substrate. The tether has a non-linear centerline. A wafer can comprise a plurality of suspended device structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for refining waste plastic pyrolysis oil has an effect of converting the waste plastic pyrolysis oil into high value-added hydrocarbon oil having a high content of naphtha and kerosene, lowering a content of impurities such as chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals of the hydrocarbon oil, operating under milder process conditions, having excellent process efficiency, and having high process stability to be able to continuously produce refined oil.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method of cleaning surfaces of an enclosable environment of a contamination comprising a microbial and viral load. The method includes the steps of sealing the enclosable environment and placing water, and a solid or gel pack, into a container and generating a vortex the container by rotating an impeller. The agitation causes the solid or gel pack to release a gaseous cleaning agent. An air-borne spray exiting from the container spreads throughout the enclosable environment to contact the surfaces to be cleaned within the enclosable environment. The enclosable environment is maintained closed for an effective time period while the air-borne spray dwells on the surfaces to eliminate or substantially reduce the load of the contamination.

Abstract: An axial fan includes a housing, an upper motor, and a lower motor. The housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing. A lower peripheral wall of the lower housing includes first engaging portions and lower protruding pieces. The lower protruding pieces oppose the first engaging portions in an axial direction and protrude axially upward from an axially upper surface. An upper peripheral wall of the upper housing includes upper engaging claws and upper notch grooves. The upper engaging claws extend axially downward from an axially lower surface, and include a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion in a lower end portion. The upper notch grooves are notched axially upward from the axially lower surface radially inward of the upper engaging claw. At least a portion of the lower protruding pieces is located in the upper notch grooves.

Abstract: A system for determining soil gas attributes includes a vacuum pump configured to draw soil gasses through an air intake; a gas sensor to measure gas concentration levels in soil gasses passing through the system; a GPS unit to identity the position of the system; and a controller configured to map measurements from the at least one gas sensor relative to a position of the system. An associated method of determining sod attributes includes the steps of drawing gas samples from the soil through an air intake; transmitting the gas samples to at least one gas sensor; measuring a gas concentration in the gas sample with the at least one gas sensor; transmitting the measured gas concentration to a controller; determining a position of the air intake with a GPS unit; transmitting the position to the controller; and mapping the measured gas concentration with the position.