Abstract: The present invention relates to a roll or a wheel, wherein the roll or the wheel is provided with (i) a stiff, essentially cylindrical roll core or wheel core that is provided at its lateral surface with a surface that is subject to wear; (ii) a data logger, that is positioned on said roll core or said wheel core of said surface, provided with at least (a) a sensor for monitoring information relating to the operation of said roll or said wheel or said surface; (b) a processor for processing said information; (c) tangible, non-volatile memory for storing said information; (d) a wireless network interface for sending and receiving data comprising said information; (e) program data stored in said memory for controlling said processor; (g) a battery or equivalent energy source for feeding (a) and/or (b) and/or (c) and/or (d); wherein said data comprise roll or wheel related data, such as e.g. a unique serial number and/or dimensions for identification of the roll or the wheel.

Abstract: A base for supporting an electronic device on a surface. The base includes a body shaped to receive at least a portion of the electronic device thereon; a cavity formed in the body on a bottom portion of the body such that the cavity is between the electronic device and the surface when the electronic device is mounted on the base; a channel formed on the bottom portion of the body such that the channel is located between a portion of the electronic device and the surface, the channel shaped to allow air to flow therethrough; one or more apertures formed through the body, the one or more apertures in fluid communication with the channel to allow air through the channel; and a plurality of feet arranged around the body, the feet having a lower surface that is shaped to contact the surface.

Abstract: The present teaching relates to method and system for an assembly for protecting a sensor. The assembly includes a first structure having a rectangular prism and connected with a truncated tube, wherein the rectangular prism and the truncated tube have parallel longitudinal axes and the tube is truncated to yield a cross section having a norm that forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the truncated tube and a second structure of a trapezoid prism having a longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axes and with the first structure embedded therein. The second structure has a slanted surface in the front that meets the cross section of the truncated tube and has the norm of the cross section.

Abstract: A sensor test apparatus having excellent versatility is provided. The sensor test apparatus includes a first application unit 40 including a first application device including a socket to which the sensor is electrically connected, and a pressure chamber 43 which applies pressure to the sensor, a test unit which tests the sensor 90 via the socket, a conveying robot which conveys the sensor into and out of the first application unit 40, and an apparatus main body which houses the first application unit 40, the test unit 35 and the conveying robot, and the apparatus main body has an opening which allows the first application unit 40 to be inserted into the apparatus main body and removed from the apparatus main body to an outside.

Abstract: A cartridge-style flow sensor for sensing fluid flow. The flow sensor includes an exterior, interior, head, base, a circuit board, and first and second ports. The first and second ports permit fluid to flow into and out of the interior. A Hall Effect Sensor in the interior detects the number of revolutions of an impeller. An electric coupler interfaces with the sensor and a transmitter for communication of the revolutions of the impeller to a controller. The controller determines the rate of fluid flow in a conduit. The controller automatically issues a command signal to a component of a hydraulic system to alter the rate of fluid flow in the conduit. The cartridge-style hydraulic flow sensor is releasably engaged to a cavity of a hydraulic circuit manifold eliminating the need to cut and re-plumb a fluid conduit.

Abstract: A consumption meter arranged to measure a flow rate of a fluid comprising: a tube with two transducer holes in a wall of the tube; a meter housing arranged at the tube, comprising two transducer housings and a main housing; first and second ultrasonic transducers arranged in the transducer housings for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals propagating through the fluid; a control circuit arranged in the meter housing for operating the first and second ultrasonic transducers to generate a signal according to the flow rate of the fluid. The transducer housing comprises: an internal transducer housing element arranged at an inner surface of the tube and an external transducer housing element arranged at an outer surface of the tube to extend through the transducer hole in the wall of the tube such that the transducer housing is fixated to the tube.

Abstract: A thermal flow measuring device comprising a sensor with a metal sensor housing, the sensor housing including at least a first and a second pin sleeve extending from a base, each pin sleeve having a longitudinal axis and an end face, the two pin sleeves defining a connecting axis, wherein in the first pin sleeve a first heater is arranged and in the second pin sleeve a temperature sensor is arranged, wherein the sensor housing includes at least a third pin sleeve, having a second heater, and a flow obstruction embodied such that the third pin sleeve is arranged in a first flow direction at least partially in the flow shadow of the flow obstruction, wherein the first flow direction extends at an angle of 80-100° to the connecting axis and lies on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first and second pin sleeves.

Abstract: A system, as an engine with a crankcase containing oil or a fluid mixed with oil, has a reservoir containing liquid that extends up to a level of the fluid. A dipstick support structure supports a dipstick on it so that the dipstick extends into the fluid past the level of the fluid, and so that the dipstick is manually removable from the dipstick support structure by a user. An electrical system is connected with the dipstick, and the electrical system electrically senses the level of the fluid based on an electrical characteristic of the dipstick that varies with the varying level of the fluid when the dipstick extends into it. The electrical characteristic may be capacitance of the dipstick detected by sequential charging and discharging of the dipstick to produce a square wave electrical signal the frequency of which corresponds to the level of fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is an actuator level detection system of an aircraft. The system includes an actuator containing fluid that defines a resistivity and including a first contact point and a second contact point. The system includes a first contactor disposed about the actuator cooperating with the first contact point to define a first contact resistance that includes the resistivity. The system includes sensor circuitry includes a conductive path defining a conductive path resistance, between the first contact point and the second contact point. The sensor circuitry has a total resistance that includes the first contact resistance and the conductive path resistance.

Abstract: A multiphase flow calibration semi-closed loop system includes an oil-gas-water separation unit, a multiphase flow calibration unit, a single phase flow calibration section, a gas flow section, a flow data acquisition unit, and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The system is designed to have a two-step calibration process. In a first step, single phase water flow meters and single phase oil flow meters of the system are calibrated independently. In a second step, multiphase flow meters or multiphase water cut meters are calibrated using the pre-calibrated water flow meter, pre-calibrated oil flow meter, and the pre-calibrated gas flow meter. In doing so, the oil-gas-water separation unit, the multiphase flow calibration unit, the single phase flow calibration section, and the gas flow section communicate with the flow data acquisition unit providing real time data. Thus, the PLC connected to the flow data acquisition unit can perform the required calibration processes.

Abstract: A method for analyzing the condition of a machine, and an apparatus for analyzing the condition of a machine are described.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an electronic device and a method thereof. The electronic device includes a display, an ambient light sensor, and at least one processor, operatively connected to the display and the ambient light sensor. The at least one processor is configured to detect, by using the ambient light sensor, ambient light of the electronic device during a first duration in a state in which the display is turned off, identify a setting for being used for the ambient light sensor, based at least in part on a characteristic of the ambient light, detect, by using the ambient light sensor, ambient light of the electronic device during a second duration based at least in part on the identified setting, and control a function of the display, based at least in part on the characteristic of the ambient light detected during the second duration.

Abstract: There is provided a circuit to improve the sensing efficiency of pixels that uses the induction effect of a capacitor to duplicate a voltage deviation caused by additional electrons and uses a circuit to cancel out the voltage deviation during reading pixel data thereby improving the sensing efficiency.

Abstract: A system for providing optical measurements and detection in optical spectrum analyzers (OSAs) with high dynamic range and high speed is disclosed. The system may include a slit to allow inward passage of an optical beam. The system may also include an optical portion to receive the optical beam. In some examples, the optical portion may include at least one optical splitter to split the optical beam into at least two optical paths. The system may also include an electrical portion to receive the optical beams split into the at least two optical paths. In some examples, the electrical portion may include at least one photodetector to receive each of the split optical beam. The electrical portion may also include at least one amplifier communicatively coupled to each of the at least one photodetector to amplify the split optical beam.

Abstract: A camera includes a first lens configured to focus incoming light onto a reflective slit assembly. The reflective slit assembly comprises an elongated strip of reflective material configured to reflect some but not all of the incoming light as return light. The first lens is configured to at least partially collimate the return light from the elongated strip of reflective material. A first mirror is configured to reflect the return light from the first lens. A second mirror is configured to reflect the return light from the first mirror. An optical element is configured to separate the return light from the first mirror as a function of wavelength. A second lens is configured to focus the return light from the optical element onto a first detector. The first detector is configured to measure intensities of the return light as a function of two dimensional position on the first detector.

Abstract: A method of digital measuring the color of fabrics based on digital camera, includes: making plain fabric samples; obtaining ground-truth color of plain fabrics using a spectrophotometer; capturing a raw format digital image of the plain fabrics using the digital camera and extracting raw camera responses of the plain fabrics; capturing a raw format digital image of a target fabric and extracting the raw camera responses of a ROI in the target fabric; calculating a Euclidean distance and a similarity coefficient between the raw camera responses of the ROI in the target fabric and the plain fabrics; normalizing the Euclidean distance and the similarity coefficient; calculating a weighting coefficient of each color data of the plain fabrics based on the normalized Euclidean distance and similarity coefficient; weighting every color data of plain fabrics with a corresponding weighting coefficient; and summing the weighted color data of the plain fabrics.

Abstract: Color calibration for digital pathology is provided. A standard glass slide is prepared with a specimen having zero or more stains. The specimen is scanned a first time using a hyperspectral imaging system to produce a first digital image having XYZ color values. The specimen is scanned a second time using a digital pathology imaging system to produce a second digital image having RGB color values. The first and second digital images are then registered against each other to align the digital image data. Individual pixels of the first and second images may be combined in the registration process so that the first and second digital images have substantially similar pixel sizes. A lookup table is generated to associate XYZ color values to RGB color values. Once the lookup table has been generated, it can be used to present RGB color on a display using the corresponding XYZ color.

Abstract: A long-wave infrared detecting element includes a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field; a substrate on the magnetic field generator; a superparamagnetic material layer disposed to be separated from the substrate and magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator; a support unit on the substrate to support the superparamagnetic material layer such that the superparamagnetic material layer separated from the substrate, such that the support unit and the superparamagnetic material layer generate heat by absorbing infrared radiation from the outside; and a magneto-electric conversion unit that generates an electrical signal proportional to both a strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator and the magnetization of the superparamagnetic material layer.

Abstract: A luminescent diode surface within the cold shield of an infrared camera to allow for continuous non-uniformity correction with uniform irradiance across an infrared IR detector array. Further provided by the inclusion of a luminescent diode surface within the cold shield paneling is the ability to change the diode bias providing a negative luminescent effect while utilizing reverse bias and an electro-luminescent effect while utilizing a forward bias. This may then further allow for multiple set points to provide continuous offset and gain correction and to correct non-linear response effects.

Abstract: A tire temperature monitoring system, method, and associated devices for installation into a vehicle. The system and method adapted to determine the optimal tire temperature for increased vehicle performance through the collection of tire temperature, various external conditions, historical data, and predictive algorithms to inform a user to the optimal temperature through a visual display.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed utilizing selected infrared waveband observations to determine selected profiles of interest. A correlative system is constructed and installed at a processor. Thermal and refractivity profiles and structure in a waveband of interest are extracted from observed infrared spectrum single waveband observations received for processing at the processor by the correlative system. The output provides the selected profiles of interest in the waveband of interest. The apparatus includes an infrared receiver and means for measuring angular displacement of received emissions relative to a horizon. The processor converts received emission into equivalent Planck blackbody temperatures across the observations and correlates structure and vertical distribution of the temperatures to provide thermodynamic and refractivity profiles of interest.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to provide an adaptive gate driver for switching devices are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an electrical switch to drive an electrical system; a condition characterizer to select a drive strength based on a first system parameter corresponding to the electrical system, the first system parameter including at least one of an input voltage corresponding to the electrical switch, an output current corresponding to the electrical switch, or a process variation of the electrical switch; and a driver to generate an output having a current corresponding to the selected drive strength.

Abstract: A thermal sensor wire. The thermal sensor wire may include a thermal sensing portion extending along a wire axis of the thermal sensor wire; and a carrier portion, the carrier portion extending along the wire axis, adjacent to the thermal sensing portion, the thermal sensing portion comprising a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material.

Abstract: A visually sensible indicator of temperature including electronic temperature sensing circuitry sensing at least when a temperature exceeds at least one predetermined temperature threshold and providing at least one corresponding threshold exceedance output which is sensible as heat and a heat-responsive visually sensible display which is responsive to the at least one threshold exceedance output for providing at least one visually sensible indication indicating that the temperature has exceeded the predetermined temperature threshold.

Abstract: A thermal sensor circuit that includes a temperature sensing circuit, an analog to digital converter, a processor, a divider circuit and a digital circuit is introduced. The temperature sensing circuit generates first and second temperature-dependent voltages. The digital to analog converter converts the first and second temperature-dependent voltages to first and second bit streams. The processor generates a third bit stream based on a thermal coefficient. The divider circuit divides one of the first and second bit streams by a denominator value to generate a fourth bit stream, wherein the denominator value is determined according to a bit value of the third bit stream. The digital circuit subtracts the other one of the first and second bit streams from the fourth bit stream to generate an output bit stream. The processor tunes the thermal coefficient until the output bit stream is equivalent to a bit stream of a reference model.

Abstract: A load sensor having a centrally disposed aperture element through which a fastening element of a vehicle air suspension assembly passes to affix the load sensor between the vehicle air suspension assembly and the vehicle suspension, wherein the load sensor has a force measurement sensor disposed proximate an elongate slot to generate a load signal which varies based on an amount of strain in the load sensor, wherein the load signal received by a load calculator allows calculation of the load exerted from the vehicle frame to the vehicle suspension.

Abstract: A torque sensor assembly is used with a driveline component. The torque sensor assembly includes a holder, a sleeve, and at least one strain sensor. The holder includes a side wall that has a holder outer surface and a holder inner surface. The holder outer surface is corresponding to and attached to an aperture of the driveline component. The sleeve is corresponding to and attached to the holder inner surface. The strain sensor is attached to a sleeve inner surface of the sleeve and used to sense a strain in the driveline component.

Abstract: A data display method of a test instrument for a rivet nut setting tool is disclosed. When the rivet nut setting tool is operated, a value of a pull force detected by the pull-force detector is transmitted to the first display area through a circuit module, and a first display area displays variation of the value of the detected pull force in waveform, and the first display area also displays an upper-limit waveform value, a waveform data unit, a current value and a historical maximum value; when the rivet nut setting tool is operated continuously, the first display area displays a continuous waveform, and the second display area displays historical data and average values of maximum pull force values.

Abstract: An electromechanical sensor includes: an elastic carrier arranged to extend when subjected to an external mechanical load; a sensing sheath arranged at least partially around and along the elastic carrier; wherein the sensing sheath includes an electrically resistive element having a first electrical resistance operable to change upon a change of a dimension of the elastic carrier.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for converting a pressure into an electric signal. The device has a first deformation body in the form of a first membrane, via which the pressure can be introduced into the device, and a second deformation body in the form of a second membrane, by means of the deflection of which the applied pressure can be converted into an electric signal. The device has a force transmitting means for transmitting pressure and/or tensile forces from the first deformation body to the second deformation body.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transparent and highly sensitive pressure sensor with improved linearity and pressure sensitivity including: a first substrate on which a micropattern having pyramidal structures is formed; a first electrode layer coated on the micropattern of the first substrate; a second substrate stacked on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer stacked on the second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate show a difference in light refractive index of 10% or less in the visible light region.

Abstract: A system and method for direct and/or active detection and monitoring of civil engineering or other infrastructural structures, and in a preferred embodiment, for hydrocarbon leakage in oil and gas pipelines, storage structures, and/or transportation structures. Particularly, the system and method relate to various nanocomposite sensor coating and data gathering systems. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a single measurement sensor coating (thin film) sensor. Other embodiments relate to multiple measurement sensor coating systems. The sensor is comprised of either a discrete conductive filament layer, or a single or multiple mesh of interwoven filaments of conductive material in one direction and nonconductive material in a perpendicular direction, as a substrate coated with sensitive coating materials to form a sensor grid. Various embodiments of the sensor coating and their applications are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric motor (1), for a drive unit (2) of a drive train test bench, having a housing (3). The electric motor (1) is characterized in that the housing (3) has at least one yoke (4) for supporting the electric motor (1).

Abstract: A drive-through vehicle inspection system acquiring information from engraved markings on the tire sidewalls of a moving vehicle. Optical imaging sensors disposed on opposite sides of the vehicle acquire images of the sidewall surfaces for each passing wheel assembly. The acquired images are evaluated by a processing system configured to identify, within the acquired images, visible markings engraved into the tire sidewall surfaces which include at first portion having a first optical reflectivity, and a second portion having a second optical reflectivity which is different from the first optical reflectivity. Each identified marking is decoded to retrieve data stored therein, representative of the tire, wheel assembly, and/or associated vehicle onto which the wheel assembly is installed. The retrieved data is incorporated into an inspection report and/or utilized by the vehicle inspection system to access vehicle-specific information contained within an indexed database.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a device for screening pre-filled syringes configured to determine whether a stopper position within each syringe falls within an acceptable tolerance prior to final assembly of a syringe into a corresponding autoinjector device, thereby ensuring proper fit of the syringe within the autoinjector device and further ensuring accurate delivery of a desired dose of fluid from the syringe during operation of the autoinjector.

Abstract: A sampling assembly, including a sampling needle, a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a driving member, a first switching member, and a second switching member, is disclosed. The first pipeline is connected between the sampling needle and the first switching member. The second pipeline is connected between the first switching member and the driving member. The first switching member is used for connecting or disconnecting the first pipeline and the second pipeline. The second pipeline is connected, by means of the second switching member, to a negative pressure source. The sampling time of the sampling assembly of the present disclosure is relatively short. The present disclosure further discloses a sample analyzer and a sampling method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sample collection system for collecting sub-samples from a material stream, the system including a valve arrangement and a static cone splitter, and wherein the valve arrangement is arranged to enable operation of the static cone splitter to collect a non-biased sample of the material stream fed to the static cone splitter under first and second operational conditions, the first operational condition requiring the material stream to be at substantially atmospheric pressure and flowing at a minimum functional flow rate, and the second operational condition requiring the material stream to be pressurised above atmospheric pressure and at a flow rate higher than the minimum functional flow rate. The invention also relates to a static cone splitter for use with the system, together with a cone member for use with the static cone splitter.

Abstract: An enclosure or housing for an air monitoring instrument package for mounting on the roof or other surface on the outside of vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, trams, trains and ships. By measuring air pollutants from moving vehicles, it is possible to explore the distribution of air pollutants throughout a city or rural area for the identification of sources of different pollutants, estimating human exposures to air pollutants, and mapping air pollutants with high resolution. The disclosed device provides continuous sampling of outside air while simultaneously protecting the delicate instruments from weather elements such as high wind, rain, snow, sleet and hail. The design also allows a nearly constant flow rate of sampled air independent of vehicle velocity. An optional impaction region further reduces transmission of mist and large particles to the chamber containing the measurement package.

Abstract: A gas detecting module is disclosed. A gas-inlet concave and a gas-outlet concave are formed on a sidewall of a base. A gas-inlet-groove region and a gas-outlet-groove region are formed on a surface of the base. The gas-inlet concave is in communication with a gas-inlet groove of the gas-inlet-groove region, and the gas-outlet concave is in communication a gas-outlet groove of the gas-outlet-groove region. The gas-inlet-groove region and the gas-outlet-groove region are covered by a thin film to achieve the effectiveness of laterally inhaling and discharging out gas relative to the gas detecting module.

Abstract: A system for monitoring tissue samples to be processed by a tissue processor for a histopathology workflow, the system including: a scanner associated with the tissue processor arranged to scan an electronic sample identifier of at least one tissue sample to be processed by the tissue processor; an input module arranged to receive tissue processor workflow data indicative of a tissue processor workflow for the at least one tissue sample to be processed by selected ones of a plurality of processing stations in the tissue processor used for processing the at least one tissue sample; a monitoring module arranged to monitor properties of the at least one tissue sample processed at each of the selected ones of the processing stations and to record the properties of the at least one tissue sample in association with the electronic sample identifier in a sample record for the tissue processor workflow; and an output module arranged to output the sample record to one or more laboratory instruments for further process

Abstract: Automated system configured to perform and methods for performing one or more slide processing operations on slides bearing biological samples. The system and methods enable high sample throughput while also minimizing or limiting the potential for cross-contamination of slides. The automated systems can include features that facilitate consistency, controllability of processing time, and/or processing temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides recovering an extracellular vesicle(s) having high purity from an extracellular vesicle-containing sample. Specifically, the present invention provides a method of recovering an extracellular vesicle(s), comprising: (1) treating an extracellular vesicle-containing sample with a chelating agent; and (2) separating the extracellular vesicle(s) from the extracellular vesicle-containing sample treated with the chelating agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating gas from a sample (battery) by pyrolysis of the sample in order to collect or analyze gas generated inside the sample due to the thermal behaviors of the sample. More specifically, provided is an apparatus wherein not only gas generated due to the thermal behaviors of a sample (battery) can be generated by heating the sample (battery itself), but also a series of processes provided to collect or analyze the generated gas can be automatically controlled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real-time nondestructive observation and two-phase seepage test system for a fracture of an in-situ fractured gas-bearing reservoir, which comprises a stress loading system, a high-voltage electric pulse fracturing operation system, a water-gas two-phase seepage system and an in-situ CT scanning system; the stress loading system comprises a pressure chamber, an axial pressure loading module and a confining pressure loading module; the high-voltage electric pulse fracturing operation system comprises a high-voltage electric pulse generation module, a high-voltage electric pulse signal monitoring module and a protection module; the water-gas two-phase seepage system comprises a water-gas pressure loading module and a flow data acquisition module; and the in-situ CT scanning system comprises a radiation source, a flat panel detector and a CT scanning detection mechanism.

Abstract: A method of evaluating gel stability of a gel for treating a subterranean formation includes placing a composite core plug into a core holder of a coreflood testing device where the composite core plug comprises first, second, and third core plugs, alternating injection of polymer solution into first and second injection areas, and monitoring a pressure drop across the composite core plug as a function of time. The method further includes identifying a gelation of a gelent solution in the third core plug, where the gelation is indicated by an increase in the pressure drop across the composite core plug, after the increase in the pressure drop indicative of the gelation point, continuing alternating injections of the polymer solution into the first and second injection areas, and identifying a reduction in the pressure drop across the composite core plug indicative of deterioration of the gel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for particle counting and wavelength or angle performed in combination in order to characterize an aerosol is disclosed. In one example, data regarding particle counting (such as from an optical particle sensor) and data regarding angle or wavelength (such as from an ensemble measurement sensor) may be separately generated, with the separately generated data being analyzed in combination in order to characterize the aerosol. In another example, data regarding particle counting and regarding angle or wavelength may be generated in combination in order to characterize the aerosol.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a sample cell, method, and a computer implemented method of characterizing particles via an analytical flow field. In an exemplary embodiment, the sample cell includes (1) a sample cuvette including a top sample membrane, a sample container to contain a sample, and a bottom sample membrane, (2) a reference cuvette including a top reference membrane, a reference container to contain a solvent, and a bottom reference membrane, (3) where the sample cell is configured to allow a concentration boundary to form within the sample cell, and (4) where the sample cell is configured to allow the concentration boundary to move toward a bottom of the sample cell until equilibrium is reached in the sample cell.

Abstract: A method for estimating characteristics of a ceramic fired body, the method including: preparing a ceramic fired body by firing a formed green body; measuring a color of the ceramic fired body; and with use of a correlation between the color and at least one characteristic selected from a group consisting of a porosity, a pore diameter, and a thermal expansion coefficient previously determined for a ceramic fired body having a same composition as that of the ceramic fired body, estimating the at least one characteristic of the ceramic fired body from the color of the ceramic fired body, measured in the previous step.

Abstract: Nanofluidic flow cells and systems for single-molecule nanoconfinement and imaging of molecules in a fluid are described. The nanofluidic flow cell comprises a bottom substrate bonded to a top substrate, microchannels and a central chamber carved in the bottom or top substrate. The microchannels and the central chamber define an empty space into which a fluid can flow. The microchannels extend on opposite side of the central chamber, each microchannel comprising a central portion crossing the central chamber and a pair of arms extending outside the central chamber, these arms comprising a fluid port positioned at opposite ends of the microchannel and outside the central chamber. The central chamber comprises a nanoconfinement and imaging area including carved nanostructures configured for single-molecule nanoconfinement. Also described are nanofluidic chips, methods of confinement, pneumatic-based nanofluidic systems and manifold assembly for the nanofluidic flow cell.

Abstract: A fire detection apparatus 1A includes a detector cover 70A for inhibiting ambient light from entering a detection space 60A, an inner cover 30A that accommodates the detection space 60A and the detector cover 70A, an outer cover 20A that accommodates the inner cover 30A, a first opening 30aA provided in a side portion on an opposite side from a side portion on an installation surface side among side portions of the inner cover 30A, a second opening provided in a side portion on an opposite side from a side portion on an installation surface among side portions of the detector cover 70A, and a flat plate-shaped insect screen 50A provided on the detector cover 70A and configured to substantially cover the entire second opening.