Abstract: Methods and apparatus for calibrating radioactive sources are described. An array of scintillation detectors form a receptacle within which a sample or sample container can be retained by a holder. The scintillation detectors are coupled via light transducers such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to independent electronic counters. Coincidence processing of time-tagged events yields a correlated event rate. One or more corrections can be applied as needed, for background counts, deadtime, or random coincidences. Voltage tuning of PMTs yields improved reproducibility. Variations are disclosed. 1% accuracy has been demonstrated over a range of 10 kBq-3 MBq, covering a gap in the capabilities of conventional technology.

Abstract: In a conventional radiation capturing device, such as an X-ray device or a CT scanner, a structured surface part, e.g. a scintillator array, is used that is manufactured by mechanical processing, e.g. by dicing and grinding. In order to modifying the scintillating properties of a scintillating material, further manufacturing steps, such as high temperature cycling like sintering etc., are performed in order to restore or at least improve the scintillating properties. This application proposes to form a structured surface part with a particle-in-binder structure containing scintillator or other radiation-relevant particles, using additive manufacturing with a photosensitive mixture to form a layer-wise structure. Therefore, subsequent manufacturing steps, such as sintering, can be omitted. The structured surface part is bendable.

Abstract: Dual layer detector (XD) for X-ray imaging, comprising at least two light sensitive surfaces (LSS1,LSS2). The dual layer detector further comprises a first scintillator layer (SL, SL1) including at least one scintillator element (SE) capable of converting X-radiation into light, the element having two faces, an ingress face (S1) for admitting X-radiation into the element (SE) and an egress face (S2) distal from the ingress face (S1), wherein the two faces (S1,S2) are arranged shifted relative to each other, so that a longitudinal axis (LAX) of the scintillator element (SE) is inclined relative to a normal (n) of the layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detection substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a ray detector. The detection substrate includes: a base substrate; a plurality of independent first electrodes arranged on the base substrate on the same layer; a photoelectric conversion layer arranged on a whole face of sides, facing away from the base substrate, of the plurality of first electrodes; a ray absorption layer arranged on a side, facing away from the plurality of first electrodes, of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein an orthographic projection of the ray absorption layer on the base substrate is overlapped with an orthographic projection of gaps between the first electrodes on the base substrate; and a second electrode arranged on a whole face of a side, facing away from the plurality of first electrodes, of the photoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract: A volume interrogation system can use an accelerated beam of charged particles to interrogate objects using charged-particle attenuation and scattering tomography to screen items such as portable electronic devices, packages, baggage, industrial products, or food products for the presence of materials of interest inside. The exemplary systems and methods in this patent document can be employed in checkpoint applications to scan items. Such checkpoint applications can include border crossings, mass transit terminals (subways, buses, railways, ferries, etc.), and government and private-sector facilities.

Abstract: A fiber optic cable positioned along a casing string in a wellbore may be calibrated by exciting a tube wave in the wellbore and detecting, by the fiber optic cable, a reflected tube wave. The reflected tube wave may correspond to a reflection of the tube wave off an obstacle within the wellbore. The obstacle may have a known location such that a reference point along the fiber optic cable may be associated with the known location of the obstacle for calibrating the fiber optic cable. Downhole applications utilizing data collected by the calibrated fiber optic cable, including location data, may weight the data collected based at least in part on an uncertainty value associated with a particular calibrated location along the length of the fiber optic cable.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing seismic data are presented. Primary wave (P) seismic data (PP data) and shear wave (P) seismic data (PS data) are jointly inverted as part of a nonlinear tomography process which adheres to one or more co-depthing constraints.

Abstract: A method, and a system for implementing the method, are disclosed wherein coordinates of survey region are used to locate small pieces of a seismic wave model, usually defined by their nodes (or vertices) and contain information about physical properties, such as liquid or solid, density, velocity that seismic waves propagates in it; and connects them to the appropriate source and receiver sensor. In particular, the method and system disclosed, generates a multi-layer mapping of the survey region by decomposing the survey region into cubes containing small pieces of seismic wave models (the elements), as well as source and receiver location. Those cubes are then indexed depending upon their location and the elements, sources and receivers are assigned to a particular cube thereby creating a multi-layer relationship between the survey region map, the cube map, the elements map, as well as the source and receiver locations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determination of a real subsoil geological formation. In at least one embodiment, the method includes receiving a model representing the real subsoil, determining a first fluvial geological formation in said model using parametric surfaces, determining a subsequent fluvial geological formation as a deformation of the first fluvial geological formation using parametric surfaces, and subtracting the first fluvial geological formation from the subsequent fluvial geological formation to create a new geological formation named point bar formation.

Abstract: Optimizing seismic to depth conversion to enhance subsurface operations including measuring seismic data in a subsurface formation, dividing the subsurface formation into a training area and a study area, dividing the seismic data into training seismic data and study seismic data, wherein the training seismic data corresponds to the training area, and wherein the study seismic data corresponds to the study area, calculating target depth data corresponding to the training area, training a machine learning model using training inputs and training targets, wherein the training inputs comprise the training seismic data, and wherein the training targets comprise the target depth data, computing, by the machine learning model, output depth data corresponding to the study area based at least in part on the study seismic data; and modifying one or more subsurface operations corresponding to the study area based at least in part on the output depth data.

Abstract: The disclosure presents processes to generate look ahead data to guide borehole operations, such as drilling operations. The processes can array collected resistivity data around a representation of an active borehole. The array can be in various patterns, such as an interleaved helix pattern. Each slice of data from the collected resistivity data can be positioned and oriented corresponding to the central point depth parameter for each slice of data. A selection of one or more card views can be enabled to display details of the collected resistivity data corresponding to the selected slice of data. An analysis of the resistivity data can generate an identification of a boundary, such as an object or a subterranean formation change, in the subterranean formation look ahead portion of the active borehole. The boundary identification can be used as inputs to a borehole operation plan or to a geo-steering system.

Abstract: A dosimeter assembly being placed within an inner volume of a test article for evaluating an image produced by an x-ray computed tomography (CT) system. The dosimeter assembly includes: a dosimeter having a display, a dosimeter shelf that supports the dosimeter; and an alignment bracket that positions the dosimeter on the dosimeter shelf. The dosimeter shelf is operable to be mounted within the x-ray computed tomography system test article, and the display of the dosimeter is viewable through a dosimeter window which is disposed at a front end of the x-ray computed tomography system test article, wherein the dosimeter assembly is accessible through an access panel directly beneath the dosimeter assembly, the access panel being an opening which is disposed on a base of the x-ray computer tomography system test article. The dosimeter is operably connected to a connection interface which is configured to exchange communication with an external device.

Abstract: A method and system for outputting a state of a physical system using a calibrated model of the physical system, where the calibrated model is used to generate a model prediction. The system includes a plurality of sensors connected to a routing node are used to monitor measured data of the physical system. A first sensor of the plurality of sensors includes a logic module configured to determine an uncertainty quantification, and to combine the uncertainty quantification with the model prediction to output the state of the physical system.

Abstract: A glass clamping model based on microscopic displacement experiment, including a frame, a transparent silicone sleeve having a horizontal through hole, a piston, a piston cap arranged on the frame, a connecting plate, a screw compression bracket, a clamp support, a glass sheet entirety placed in the transparent silicone sleeve, a boss, a light source and a microscope. The transparent silicone sleeve is sheathed on the piston cap, the piston penetrates through the horizontal penetration hole; the connecting plate and the clamp support are respectively connected to both ends of the frame, the end of the screw compression bracket is clamped between the frame and the connecting plate, and the piston and the frame are connected with the clamp support; an emptying channel and an inlet passage are respectively arranged at both ends of the piston, and an outlet passage is arranged at an end of the piston.

Abstract: The present application provides a method and system for identifying extreme climate events. The method acquires climate index (CI) grid data of a to-be-identified region within an extreme climate time period, and gradually expands each of event centers in the to-be-identified region, until CI values of all grids adjacent to the event center are not greater than a CI threshold. The method can obtain extreme climate impacted areas of extreme climate events in the to-be-identified region, and can further obtain CI intensities of the extreme climate events by average calculation. The method can obtain three pieces of dimension information on each of the extreme climate events in the to-be-identified region, including an extreme climate impacted area, a CI intensity and a duration. Therefore, the method can identify the extreme climate events more comprehensively.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

Abstract: An optical element includes a first substrate having a first surface, a resin member disposed on the first surface, and a second substrate disposed above the resin member with a joining member interposed therebetween. The resin member has a first region contacting the joining member and a second region surrounding the first region and not contacting the joining member. An inclined portion having a thickness increasing from a starting point located in the second region toward an outer circumference of the resin member, is disposed in the second region. A tangent of the first surface, orthogonal to a normal of the first surface passing through the starting point, and a straight line passing through the starting point and a point at which the inclined portion has a largest thickness, form an angle of 25° or more and 45° or less.

Abstract: The optical multilayer film, which comprises a laminate in which a base layer, a primer layer, a hard coat layer, a first refractive layer, and a second refractive layer are sequentially laminated, has a very low reflectance and enhanced optical characteristics by adjusting the in-plane retardation of the base layer and the refractive indices of the respective layers. Thus, the optical component and the display device, which comprise the optical multilayer film, have a low reflectance and excellent other optical characteristics.

Abstract: The invention disclosed an anti-reflective film. The anti-reflective film comprises a substrate, a hard coating layer disposed on the substrate and a low refractive layer disposed on the hard coating layer. The low refractivity layer comprises a fluorine-containing acrylate-modified polysiloxane resin, a plurality of hollow silica nanoparticles, an initiator and a leveling agent comprising a perfluoropolyether group-containing (meth)acrylic-modified organosilicone compound. The reflectivity of the anti-reflective film of the anti-reflective film is less than 1.1%, and the water contact angle thereof is ranging between 90° and 125°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low refractive layer and an anti-reflective film comprising the same. The low refractive layer can exhibit excellent optical properties such as a low reflectance and a high light transmittance, and excellent mechanical properties such as high wear resistance and scratch resistance at the same time, without adversely affecting the color of the polymer resin forming the low refractive layer. In particular, due to the excellent alkali resistance, the low refractive layer can maintain excellent physical properties even after alkali treatment. Therefore, when introducing a low refractive layer to the display device, it is expected that the production process can be simplified and further the production rate and the productivity can significantly increase.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate and an anti-reflection structure that can be thinned, are excellent in anti-reflection performance and can keep reflection chromaticity neutral. In the laminate according to the present disclosure, a part of a light shielding film has a non-light shielding portion without a light shielding film; an anti-reflection structure is formed in the non-light shielding portion through an adhesion layer, and a fine uneven structure has an uneven period that is equal to or less than a wavelength of visible light; and a color difference (?E) between a reflected light by the light shielding film and a reflected light by the anti-reflection structure expressed in the formula shown below is equal to or less than 1.5.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a detection device includes: a substrate that has a detection region; a plurality of photodiodes provided in the detection region; a plurality of lenses provided so as to overlap the respective photodiodes; and a plurality of dummy lenses that are provided in a peripheral region between an outer perimeter of the detection region and edges of the substrate and are provided so as not to overlap the photodiodes.

Abstract: The disclosed optical lens assemblies may include a deformable optical element and at least one adaptive element positioned at a peripheral region of the deformable optical element. The deformable optical element may include a substantially transparent electroactive element positioned at least partially within an optical aperture of the deformable optical element. An electrical driving circuit may be configured to apply a voltage to the electroactive element to deform the electroactive element and thus change at least one optical property of the deformable optical element. The at least one adaptive element may be positioned outside of the optical aperture and may be configured to alter a physical boundary condition of the deformable optical element. Various other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a black light-shielding member, which has an excellent effect of anti-reflection that based on low glossiness and has a high blackness. A black light-shielding member including a substrate film, a resin-made light-shielding layer having a concave-convex shape formed on at least one surface of the substrate film, and a blackened layer formed on the resin-made light-shielding layer is produced. By adjusting an arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of the surface on which the light-shielding layer and the blackened layer are formed to be 0.25 ?m or more, and the maximum thickness of the blackened layer is less than the said Ra, a blackness with an L value of 12 or less is achieved.

Abstract: A mirror for extreme ultraviolet light includes: a substrate (41); a multilayer film (42) provided on the substrate and configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light; and a capping layer (53) provided on the multilayer film, and the capping layer includes a first layer (61) containing an oxide of a metal, and a second layer (62) arranged between the first layer and the multilayer film and containing at least one of a boride of the metal and a nitride of the metal.

Abstract: Diffraction gratings provide optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or out-couple light out of a waveguide. These diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity. Such gratings may, for example, incouple or outcouple light of different polarizations with similar level of efficiency. The diffraction gratings and waveguides may include a transmissive layer and a metal layer. The diffraction grating may comprises a blazed grating.

Abstract: A photosensitive green composition for a color filter of a solid-state imaging element, contains a colorant (A), a binder resin (B), a photopolymerization initiator (C), a photopolymerizable monomer (D), an ultraviolet absorber (E), and a monofunctional thiol (F), wherein the colorant (A) contains C.I. Pigment Green 36 and/or C.I. Pigment Green 58.

Abstract: To suppress a phenomenon where an optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer is tilted when the optically anisotropic layer is produced by using a liquid crystalline compound showing smectic phase as a materials showing a higher level of orderliness. An optically anisotropic layer wherein a polymerizable composition, containing one or more polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound showing a smectic phase, is fixed in a state of smectic phase, and a direction of maximum refractive index of the optically anisotropic layer is inclined at 10° or smaller to the surface of the optically anisotropic layer, a method for manufacturing the same, a laminate and a method for manufacturing the same, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display device, and an organic EL display device.

Abstract: A suspended lighting fixture for direct/indirect lighting including a pair of curved sheets which are joined by a linear heat-dissipating structural element and cooperatively forming a trough-shaped structure configured to be suspended with a downward orientation using one or more suspension elements. The lighting fixture further includes a linear light source with one or more linear arrays of light emitting diodes (LEDs) optically coupled to light input edges of the curved sheets, a linear heat-dissipating structural element joining curved sheets, and an opaque elongated housing at least partially enclosing the structural element, light source, and the light input edges.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for dual-color frontlit displays with near uniform color mixing. In one embodiment, an example device may include a light emitting diode (LED) array that includes a first LED that emits light having a first color and a second LED that emits light having a second color, and a light guide that includes a surface having a first portion adjacent to the first LED and a second portion adjacent to the second LED. The first portion may include a first number of binary element surface features formed on the surface, and the second portion may include a second number of binary element surface features formed on the surface.

Abstract: Aspects include a pluggable optical device and related optical system. The pluggable optical device comprises a housing, a printed circuit board (PCB) within the housing, and one or more blind mate optical connectors attached to the PCB along a first end of the PCB. The pluggable optical device further comprises one or more electrical contacts of the PCB near the first end, one or more external optical connectors arranged near a second end of the PCB opposite the first end, and one or more optical components attached to the PCB and included in optical paths extending between the one or more external optical connectors and the one or more blind mate optical connectors.

Abstract: A closure for an apparatus comprises: a plurality of light sources; a lightguide to distribute light from the plurality of light sources, the lightguide having a first primary surface opposite a second primary surface, wherein the first primary surface has a first surface treatment, and wherein light emitted from the lightguide indicates a status of the apparatus; and a frame supporting the plurality of light sources and the lightguide for selective movement of the closure vertically or horizontally relative to the apparatus.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments provide an optical fiber sensor and a vector measuring device which measure a motion of a subject using a double Bragg grating formed in a core with a helical structure and measure a chiral motion inflection point vector.

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining multi-core fiber includes a plurality of fiber core areas and a main outer cladding. The fiber core areas include one central fiber core area, and two or more than two outer fiber core areas equidistantly and uniformly arranged around the central fiber core area that is a polarization-maintaining fiber core area. Each outer fiber core area includes a fiber core and an inner cladding surrounding a core layer. A portion outside the fiber core areas is the main outer cladding. The fiber can greatly enhance spectral efficiency of an optical transmission system, and improve fiber communication capacity. The arrangement of the polarization-maintaining fiber core area provides a waveguide structure with a function of maintaining polarized light, which can be used for transmission of local light.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided. The waveguide having a first core, a second core spaced apart from and parallel with the first core, and a cladding surrounding the first core and the second core. An interstitial portion of the cladding is located between the first core and the second core. A first region of the first core adjacent to the cladding or of the cladding adjacent to the first core is color dyed.

Abstract: A structure for, and method of, forming a first optoelectronic circuitry that generates an optical signal, a second optoelectronic circuitry that receives an optical signal, and a loopback waveguide that connects the output from the first optoelectronic circuitry to the second optoelectronic circuitry on an interposer substrate are described. The connected circuits, together comprising a photonic integrated circuit, are electrically tested using electrical signals that are provided via probing contact pads on the PIC die. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in the receiving devices, in embodiments, provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A planar optical waveguide based on two-dimensional grating includes an optical waveguide substrate which is a transparent plane-parallel plate, and a functional grating element which includes a two-dimensional grating having two grating directions with an angle of 60° in between. The two-dimensional grating is either protruded or recessed into the top surface of the optical waveguide substrate. The output image from a micro-projector can enter the optical waveguide and then gets projected to cover the entire area of the functional grating element, enabling a human eye to view the output image across a large eye-box.

Abstract: Optical fiber mass splice methods and assemblies are provided. A method may include securing a fiber clamp to a fiber setting fixture, the fiber setting fixture including a fiber alignment block and a backstop. A plurality of fiber grooves may be defined in the fiber alignment block. The method may further include inserting a plurality of optical fibers into the fiber setting fixture such that each of the plurality of optical fibers is disposed in one of the plurality of fiber grooves and contacts the backstop. The method may further include loading, after the inserting step, each of the plurality of optical fibers into the fiber clamp. The method may further include clamping the plurality of optical fibers in the fiber clamp.

Abstract: Fiber optic tapered coupler and methods of manufacturing same. One method of manufacturing a fiber optic tapered coupler arrangement includes providing an output fiber having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The method also includes applying heat to the first end of the output fiber, wherein the first end expands forming a taper at the first end of the output fiber. The method also includes splicing the tapered first end of the output fiber to a first end of an input fiber, wherein a non-tapered portion of the output fiber has a first diameter and the input fiber has a second diameter different from the first diameter.

Abstract: A multi-fiber ferrule has lenses that have different prescriptions to disperse the light emitted from the multi-fiber ferrule. Alternatively, the lens for each individual optical fiber can be moved relative to the optical fiber or the optical fiber opening in the multi-fiber ferrule to cause the laser beam exiting the multi-fiber ferrule to be redirected into a structure that absorbs or blocks the laser.

Abstract: A fiber optic alignment device includes a first and a second alignment block and a first and a second gel block. A fiber passage extends from a first end to a second end of the fiber optic alignment device. The fiber passage is adapted to receive a first optical fiber through the first end and a second optical fiber through the second end. An intermediate portion of the fiber passage is positioned between the first and the second ends. The intermediate portion is adapted to align the first and the second optical fibers between the first and the second alignment blocks. A first portion of the fiber passage is positioned between the first end and the intermediate portion of the fiber passage. The first portion extends between the first alignment block and the first gel block. A second portion of the fiber passage is positioned between the second end and the intermediate portion of the fiber passage. The second portion extends between the second alignment block and the second gel block.

Abstract: A microlens array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes lens layers with a first side thereof having aspheric-surface shapes. The microlens array is configured such that an optical communication module may be miniaturized and integrated as a working distance (WD) is minimized to 1.30±0.05 mm, and collimating performance is excellent as a curvature radius (R1) of each lens layer is 1.1 to 1.5.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes: a wiring board; a first cladding layer that is formed on the wiring board; a plurality of second cladding layers that are formed on the first cladding layer; a plurality of protrusions each of which is formed on a corresponding one of the second cladding layers and each of which is provided with an inclined face inclined to a front face of the corresponding second cladding layer; a plurality of optical path converting mirrors each of which is formed on a corresponding one of the inclined faces of the protrusions; a plurality of core layers each of which is formed on a corresponding one of the second cladding layers and each of which directly contacts the corresponding optical path converting mirror; and a third cladding layer that is formed on the second cladding layers and the core layers.

Abstract: Photonic devices and methods of manufacture are provided. In embodiments a fill material and/or a secondary waveguide are utilized in order to protect other internal structures such as grating couplers from the rigors of subsequent processing steps. Through the use of these structures at the appropriate times during the manufacturing process, damage and debris that would otherwise interfere with the manufacturing process of the device or operation of the device can be avoided.

Abstract: A modular multi-positionable tray assembly (420) for mounting within a chassis (10) of a telecommunications panel (100) is disclosed. The multi-positionable tray assembly (420) may include support arm structure (423) having a first support arm (424) and a second support arm (480) that pivotally supports a tray (422) and that allows the tray assembly (420) to be installed and removed from the chassis (10). The tray (422) and the support arm structure (423) cooperatively define a cable routing pathway (208) that extends through a pivot axis (A1) defined by the tray and the support arm. To protect the cables (300) and to increase accessibility of cables (300) within the portion of the cable routing pathway (208) defined by the tray (422), a bend radius limiter (460) can be provided that is rotatably mounted to the tray (422). The tray (422) can also be provided with attachment features for allowing the tray (422) to accept various telecommunications components, such as splice trays and splitter trays.

Abstract: An optical fiber distribution system including a rack and elements which populate the rack including fiber terminations. Each element includes a chassis and a movable tray. The movable tray includes a synchronized movement device for moving a cable radius limiter. The tray includes cable terminations which extend in a line generally parallel to a direction of movement of the movable tray. Each of the cable terminations are mounted on hinged frame members positioned on each tray. The cables entering and exiting the movable tray follow a generally S-shaped pathway.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly module has an optical axis, and includes an optical element set, a light blocking element assembling surface, and a light absorbing layer. The optical element set includes an optical lens element and a light blocking sheet. The optical lens element is a plastic lens element, and includes an optical effective portion and an outer peripheral portion. The light blocking sheet is disposed on the outer peripheral portion, and spaced apart from the outer peripheral portion. The light blocking sheet includes an object-side surface, an image-side surface and an inner opening surface. The inner opening surface surrounds a through hole of the light blocking sheet. The light blocking sheet is disposed on the light blocking element assembling surface. The light absorbing layer is disposed on the image-side surface and for fixing the light blocking sheet on the light blocking element assembling surface.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided, including a fixed portion, a movable portion, and a driving assembly. The movable portion is movably connected to the fixed portion and includes a holder to hold an optical element having a main axis. The driving assembly is disposed on the movable portion or the fixed portion for driving the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a camera voice coil motor (VCM) actuator configured to shift a lens and/or an image sensor along multiple axes. The VCM actuator may include a bottom flexure and a top flexure that connect one or more dynamic members to one or more static members. The VCM actuator may include stationary magnets and coils held by dynamic members. In some cases, the VCM actuator may be configured to move the image sensor along an optical axis, to move the image sensor in directions orthogonal to the optical axis, and/or to tilt the image sensor relative to the orthogonal axis. In some examples, the VCM actuator may be configured to move the image sensor in directions orthogonal to the optical axis, to move the lens along the optical axis, and/or to tilt the lens relative to the optical axis.

Abstract: An optical system, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, includes: an glass screen (E1), an interference screen (S3), a lens group, and a color filter (E3). An effective focal length f of the optical system and an entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical system satisfy f/EPD<1.8. The optical system may be used for fingerprint recognition, and has characteristics such as a large field of view, a larger aperture, and an ultra-thin feature, etc.