Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first display panel including a first and second transparent substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, and a first light-emitting element, a second display panel including a third and fourth transparent substrate, a second liquid crystal layer and a second light emitting element, a filling member provided between the first and second display panel and having a refractive index equal to that of the first to fourth transparent substrates, a first light guide bonded to the first and second display panel, and a first adhesive member provided between the first display panel and the first light guide and between the second display panel and the first light guide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a reflection-type liquid crystal panel in which a first substrate provided with a reflective layer and a second substrate having light-transmissivity face each other via a liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal device, a ?/4 phase difference plate is arranged in an optical path in which light incident from the second substrate side is reflected by the reflective layer and emitted from the second substrate side, and a phase difference compensation layer such as a C plate and O plate provided integrally with the liquid crystal panel is provided in the optical path. The ?/4 phase difference plate is an inorganic material film provided on a second end surface facing the second substrate in the polarized light separating element. The phase difference compensation layer is an inorganic material film provided on a surface of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device comprises substrates, a liquid crystal layer containing stringy polymers, a display area with first and second pixels and a light source. In a spatial frequency spectrum obtained by performing FT on a pattern of the polymers which overlap the pixels with respect to first and second frequency components, when an outline in a plane defined by the components in an area having a value of 75% or more of the maximum value is defined as an evaluation circle, and a value obtained by dividing a length of a major axis of the circle by that of a minor axis is defined as an evaluation value, the evaluation value of the first pixel is greater than that of the second pixel.

Abstract: Color may be achieved in TIR-based image displays by addition of a sub-pixel color filter array (CFA). Color may be enhanced by tuning the size, shape, arrangement and colors of the sub-pixel color filters in the CFA. CFAs comprising of pixels further comprising one to four or more different repeating sub-pixel color filters may be capable of creating a wide gamut of displayable colors. The sub-pixels may be arranged in repeat cells wherein the sub-pixels within the repeat cell may be mapped to one or more pixels. Sub-pixel rendering may be used during driving of a TIR-based display. Sub-pixel rendering uses logical dynamic pixels where a single sub-pixel may be used in one or more pixels depending on the image displayed.

Abstract: Provided is an optical member. The optical member includes a color filter member including quantum dots and a low-refractive index layer below the color filter member and including a first hollow particle and a second hollow particle. The first hollow particle may have a particle size different from a particle size of the second hollow particle.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel and a backlight module. The backlight module is arranged under the display panel. The backlight module includes a matrix of light sources and a reflective sheet. The reflective sheet is disposed around or on at least one corner of the matrix of light sources. The reflective sheet has an upper edge, a reflective surface and a lower edge. The upper edge is far away from the matrix of light sources relative to the lower edge. A light conversion coating having a plurality of dots of different sizes is formed on the reflective surface. The matrix of light sources emits a first light toward the reflective sheet, and the first light is changed by the light conversion coating to form a second light, wherein the first light and the second light are of different colors.

Abstract: A backlight unit and a display device including the backlight unit are provided. A backlight unit includes a substrate, light sources disposed on one surface of the substrate, a first reflective film disposed on one surface of the substrate and including first openings, each of the first openings of the first reflective film exposing each of the light sources, and wavelength filter layers disposed above the first reflective film and disposed to correspond to the first openings, the wavelength filter layers are spaced apart from each other, and each of the wavelength filter layers covers at least one of the first openings.

Abstract: A full-screen optical component, applied to an electronic device comprising a display screen, comprising a backlight module, an active light sensor including a sensor and a light emitter, and a dimmer. The display screen and the active light sensor are located on two opposite sides of the backlight module. The backlight module includes a first prism film and a second prism film stacked on the first prism film. The first prism film includes several first prisms. The second prism film includes several second prisms. The first prism includes a first in-light surface, and the second prism includes a second in-light surface. A display surface of the display screen, the first in-light surface, and the second in-light surface are disposed in parallel. The dimmer is configured to direct light emitted by the light emitter to the first in-light surface at an incident angle that is inclined relative to a vertical direction.

Abstract: A vertical alignment liquid crystal display module including a vertical alignment liquid crystal display panel and an image color switch film is provided. The image color switch film is disposed on the vertical alignment liquid crystal display panel. In various viewing angle directions having included angles of 60 degrees to 75 degrees with respect to a normal of the image color switch film, the image color switch film has a following optical characteristic: an average transmittance of a visible light transmittance spectrum of the image color switch film at an end of short wavelength is less than an average transmittance of the visible light transmittance spectrum of the image color switch film at an end of long wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel sequentially including: a first substrate provided with a pixel electrode for each pixel; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules; and a second substrate provided with a counter electrode, the liquid crystal display panel including pixels each including at least four alignment regions with different inclination azimuths of the liquid crystal molecules, with no voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules aligning substantially vertically to the first substrate and the second substrate with inclinations along the inclination azimuths, the liquid crystal molecules having a twist angle of substantially 0° in each alignment region, at least one of the four alignment regions including a first region where the liquid crystal molecules have a relatively small average tilt angle and a second region where the liquid crystal molecules have a relatively large average tilt angle.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable film and a use thereof, where the transmittance-variable film can control pretilt of a liquid crystal interface by applying a liquid crystal alignment film containing splay oriented liquid crystal molecules, and can vertically and horizontally orient a liquid crystal layer or a liquid crystal interface according to an average tilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment film to ensure uniformity of driving and fast response speed. In addition, by applying a liquid crystal alignment film, the transmittance-variable film can be implemented in various modes with a simple coating-drying-curing method excluding the rubbing process by controlling an arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal alignment film other than the pretilt control method using the conventional rubbing method.

Abstract: A display device includes a display region, a peripheral region around the display region, a sealing portion provided in the peripheral region to seal the liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal supply portion provided at a part of the sealing portion and interconnecting an outside of the sealing portion and the display region. The liquid crystal supply portion is provided along one side of the peripheral region. The peripheral region includes a first peripheral region located between the display region and the sealing portion. An insulating film is removed in the first peripheral region. In the first peripheral region, a plurality of second spacer members and a plurality of third spacer members to support the plurality of second spacer members are provided.

Abstract: A touch display device includes a substrate; a thin film transistor over the substrate; a planarization layer over the thin film transistor; a touch line over the planarization layer; a touch insulation layer over the touch line; a touch electrode over the touch insulation layer; a pixel electrode over the touch electrode and connected to the thin film transistor, wherein the planarization layer has a first hole corresponding to a drain electrode of the thin film transistor, and the touch insulation layer has a second hole corresponding to the drain electrode, and wherein the second hole includes a first hole portion and a second hole portion connected to each other along a first direction, the first hole is disposed within the first hole portion, and the touch electrode is in contact with the touch line through the second hole portion.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a sealing layer respectively including first, second and third side surfaces coplanar with each other; a first recess defined recessed from each of the first side surface, the second side surface and the third side surface; a first conductive pattern in the first recess; and a first driver facing each of the first side surface, the second side surface and the third side surface. At the first recess: the first conductive pattern is exposed to outside the first substrate, the second substrate and the sealing layer, and the first driver is electrically connected to the first conductive pattern.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate including a common electrode, and an electro-optical layer disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and the common electrode, optical characteristics of the electro-optical layer changing according to an electric field. One of the first substrate and the second substrate includes a base material composed of an inorganic material and having insulating and transmission properties, and a light shielding portion having light shielding properties and including a first film containing tungsten silicide, a second film containing titanium nitride or tungsten nitride, and a third film containing tungsten. The first film, the second film, and the third film are disposed in this order from the base material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first signal line and a second signal line and being adjacent to each other in a first direction, a first scanning line and a second scanning line and being adjacent to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a semiconductor layer connected to the first signal line and the first scanning line, a first transparent electrode in contact with the semiconductor layer, an organic insulating layer including a contact hole, and a second transparent electrode in contact with the first transparent electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a display panel. The array substrate includes a base substrate and at least one signal line unit in a fan-out region of the base substrate. Each of the at least one signal line unit includes two first signal lines and one second signal line, and the two first signal lines and the one second signal line are respectively in different layers and extend in a same direction. A center line of an orthographic projection of the one second signal line on the base substrate overlaps with a center line of an orthographic projection of an interval region between the two first signal lines.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device including a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a third transparent substrate, and a transparent layer having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the third transparent substrate, wherein the transparent layer includes a plurality of band portions including first to third band portions, a second end portion has a smaller width than a first end portion in band portions, the second end portion of the second band portion has a smaller width than the second end portion of the first band portion, and the second end portion of the third band portion has a smaller width than the second end portion of the first band portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a preparation method thereof, a display panel and a driving method thereof, which belongs to the field of display technology. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a driving circuit layer, a reflective electrode layer, a light-emitting layer, an electrochromic layer, and a common electrode layer. The driving circuit layer is provided with a first and second driving circuit. The reflective electrode layer is provided on a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base substrate and provided with a first and second reflective electrode insulated from each other. The light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting unit arranged on the surface of the second reflective electrode away from the base substrate. The electrochromic layer is arranged on the surface of the first reflective electrode away from the base substrate. The common electrode layer covers the electrochromic layer and the light-emitting unit.

Abstract: Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

Abstract: A composite particle is provided that comprises a base particle comprising at least a pigment or dye and cross-linked polyurea, a plurality of hydrophilic oligomeric groups, and a plurality of amine groups on the exterior portion of the base particle, and a steric stabilization polymer which is chemically bonded or physi-sorbed on the surface of the base particle. The cross-linked polyurea may form a network throughout the base particle. A method of making the composite particle includes providing either a solution containing a dye or a dispersion containing a pigment in a water-dispersible polyfunctional isocyanate dissolved in a water-miscible solvent, forming an emulsion of the solution/dispersion in water, agitating the emulsion while the polyfunctional isocyanate is converted into a cross-linked polyurea, and separating the composite particle containing the cross-linked polyurea and the dye/pigment from the emulsion.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for non-linear optical process. A first light of a first wavelength is routed in a first loop in a main nonlinear optical waveguide. The first loop has a first length for the first light of the first wavelength. A second light of a second wavelength is routed in a second loop that includes portions of the main nonlinear optical waveguide and a first extension optical waveguide. The second loop has a second length for the second light of the second wavelength. A third light of a third wavelength is routed in a third loop that include portions of the main nonlinear optical waveguide and a second extension optical waveguide. The third loop has a third length for the third light of the third wavelength.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure comprising a nonlinear optical waveguide, a central region, a first side region, and a second side region. The central region is located within the nonlinear optical waveguide, wherein the central region comprises a nonlinear optical material. The first side region is on a first side of the central region and the second side region is on a second side of the central region. The nonlinear optical material comprising the central region has a first nonlinear coefficient that is larger than a second nonlinear coefficient of a second material comprising the first side region and the second side region.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a camera with folded optics and lens shifting capabilities. In some examples, a folded optics arrangement of the camera may include one or more lens elements and one or more light path folding elements (e.g., a prism). Some embodiments include voice coil motor (VCM) actuator arrangements, carrier arrangements, and/or suspension arrangements to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) movement. Furthermore, some embodiments include position sensor arrangements for position sensing with respect to AF and/or OIS movement.

Abstract: A removable camera lens attachment has at least two optical elements, wherein the at least two optical elements are aligned to share an optical axis with a prime lens of the camera. The lens attachment has at least two curved surfaces. The at least two optical elements have a first surface that is conditioned to reflect a first portion of the incident light away from the image plane as reflected stray light and a second surface that is conditioned to reflect a second portion of the reflected stray light back toward the image plane to form a ghost image on an image plane of the prime lens. The lens attachment alters the effective focal length of the prime lens by no more than 15%.

Abstract: An image capturing unit includes an imaging element and a dual-shot injection-molded optical folding element that are adjacent to each other. The imaging element is configured for an imaging light to pass through. The dual-shot injection-molded optical folding element includes a first part and a second part. The first part is made of transparent material. The first part has a reflective surface configured to reflect the imaging light. The second part is made of opaque material, and the second part is fixed at periphery of the first part. The second part includes a supporting portion configured to support the dual-shot injection-molded optical folding element. The supporting portion maintains the dual-shot injection-molded optical folding element at a predetermined position corresponding to the imaging element through mechanism assembly.

Abstract: A panoramic device includes a base member and a clamp member rotatably interconnected within a single plane of rotation with the base that includes a first rotatable knob to selectively inhibit the rotation of the clamp member with respect to the base. The upper surface includes a central region that is at a different elevation than another portion of the upper surface. The clamp includes a pair of opposed surfaces suitable to detachably secure a camera thereto. The one of the opposed surfaces is maintained in a fixed relationship with respect to the clamp member. The other one of the opposed surfaces is in a movable relationship with respect to the clamp member using a second rotatable knob. The first knob and the second knob are rotatably connected with respect to one another.

Abstract: A light source device, includes an excitation light source for generating excitation light, a light condensing device, and a fluorescent cavity. The fluorescent cavity includes a chamber and a fluorescent layer, the chamber having a light window for allowing light to enter and exit and a bottom wall opposite to the light window. The fluorescent layer is provided on the surface of the bottom wall. The excitation light is concentrated by the light condensing device, and then is incident from the light window to the surface of the fluorescent layer to form a light spot and excite the fluorescent layer to generate a laser. The area of the light window is smaller than the area of the light spot, and the laser can be emitted from the light window.

Abstract: A light source apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a light source section that outputs light belongs to a first wavelength band, a wavelength converter that converts the light that belongs to the first wavelength band into light that belongs to a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band, and a first optical element that reflects the light that belongs to the first wavelength band and transmits the light that belongs to the second wavelength band. A first angle of incidence of the chief ray of the light that belongs to the first wavelength band with respect to a first surface of the first optical element is smaller than 45°, and a second angle of incidence of the chief ray of the light that belongs to the second wavelength band with respect to the first surface is smaller than 45°.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a first light emitter that outputs light to a first wavelength band, a first parallelizer parallelizes the first light outputted from the first light emitter, a wavelength converter having a first surface on the first light and a second surface converts the first light into second light belonging to a second wavelength band, an optical element reflects one of light to the first and second wavelength bands and transmits the other, a first focusing system between the first parallelizer and the optical element has positive power, a diffuser between the first focusing system and the optical element diffuses the first light that exits the first system, and a second focusing system between the optical element and the wavelength converter has positive power, and the second system has a focal point between the principal point of the second system and the second surface of the wavelength conversion layer.

Abstract: An illumination system includes a first light source, a wavelength conversion device, a first light-splitting element, a light-filtering device, and a light-homogenizing element. The first light source provides a first light beam. The wavelength conversion device includes a single wavelength conversion material configured to convert the first light beam into a conversion light beam. The first light-splitting element is disposed on transmission paths of the first light beam and the conversion light beam. The light-filtering device is disposed on the transmission paths of the first light beam and the conversion light beam. The light-homogenizing element is disposed on the transmission paths of the first light beam and the conversion light beam. When the first light beam is transmitted to the light-homogenizing element, the first light beam is not incident on the wavelength conversion device. A projection apparatus including the illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: Projection systems and/or methods for efficient use of light by recycling a portion of the light energy for future use are disclosed. In one embodiment, a projection display system is disclosed comprising a light source; an integrating rod that receives light from said light source at a proximal end that comprise a reflective surface which may reflecting/recycle light down said integrating rod; of reflecting light down said integrating rod; a relay optical system, said relay optical system further comprising optical elements that are capable of moving the focal plane of the projector display system; and a modulator comprising at least one moveable mirror that reflects light received from the integrating rod in either a projection direction or a light recycling direction.

Abstract: A reticle enclosure includes a base including a first surface, a cover including a second surface and coupled to the base with the first surface facing the second surface. The base and the cover form an internal space that includes a reticle. The reticle enclosure includes restraining mechanisms arranged in the internal space and for securing the reticle, and structures disposed adjacent the reticle in the internal space. The structures enclose the reticle at least partially, and limit passage of contaminants between the internal space and an external environment of the reticle enclosure. The structures include barriers disposed on the first and second surfaces. In other examples, a padding is installed in gaps between the barriers and the first and second surfaces. In other examples, the structures include wall structures disposed on the first and second surfaces and between the restraining mechanisms.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving a photomask; patterning a wafer by directing a first radiation beam to the wafer through the photomask at a first tilt angle; and inspecting the photomask. The inspecting includes: directing a second radiation beam to the photomask at a second tilt angle greater than the first tilt angle; receiving a third radiation beam reflected from the photomask; and generating an image of the photomask according to the third radiation beam.

Abstract: Methods for patterning of multi-depth layers for the fabrication of optical devices are provided. In one embodiment, a method is provided that includes disposing a resist layer over a device layer disposed over a top surface of a substrate, the device layer having a first portion and a second portion, patterning the resist layer to form a first resist layer pattern having a plurality of first openings and a second resist layer pattern having a plurality of second openings, and etching exposed portions of the device layer defined by the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings, wherein the plurality of first openings are configured to form at least a portion of a plurality of first structures within the optical device, and the plurality of second openings are configured to form at least a portion of a plurality of second structures within the optical device.

Abstract: A resist composition is provided comprising (A) a metal compound having formula (A-1), a hydrolysate or hydrolytic condensate thereof, or the reaction product of the metal compound, hydrolysate or hydrolytic condensate thereof with a di- or trihydric alcohol having formula (A-2), and (B) a sensitizer containing a compound having formula (B-1). The resist composition is adapted to change a solubility in developer upon exposure to high-energy radiation, has high resolution and sensitivity, and forms a pattern of good profile with minimal edge roughness after exposure.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer, a charging unit that forms an electrostatic image on an outer surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing unit that supplies a toner to the electrostatic image to form a toner image, and a transfer unit that transfers the toner image on a transfer medium. In this image forming apparatus, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin (A) having a specific structure and silica particles, and the wax contains a specific monoester compound.

Abstract: A chemically-amplified negative resist composition includes: (A) an acid generator containing an onium salt (s) shown by the following formula(e) (A-1) and/or (A-2); and (B) a base polymer containing repeating units shown by the following formulae (B1) and (B2). Thus, the present invention provides: a chemically-amplified negative resist composition which provides a pattern with high sensitivity, low LWR and CDU, and favorable profile; and a resist patterning process using the composition.

Abstract: An immersion lithographic apparatus having a fluid handling structure, the fluid handling structure configured to confine immersion fluid to a region and including: a meniscus controlling feature having an extractor exit on a surface of the fluid handling structure; and a gas knife system outwards of the extractor exit and including passages each having an exit, the passages having a plurality of first passages having a plurality of corresponding first exits on the surface, and a plurality of second passages having a plurality of corresponding second exits outwards of the first exits on the surface, wherein the surface faces and is substantially parallel to a top surface of a substrate during exposure, and the first exits and the second exits are arranged at a greater distance from the substrate than the extractor exit.

Abstract: Methods of constructing a process model for simulating a characteristic of a product of lithography from patterns produced under different processing conditions. The methods use a deviation between the variation of the simulated characteristic and the variation of the measured characteristic to adjust a parameter of the process model.

Abstract: In a method of inspecting an outer surface of a mask pod, a stream of air is directed at a first location of a plurality of locations on the outer surface. One or more particles are removed by the directed stream of air from the first location on the outer surface. Scattered air from the first location of the outer surface is extracted and a number of particles in the extracted scattered air is determined as a sampled number of particles at the first location. The mask pod is moved and the stream of air is directed at other locations of the plurality of locations to determine the sampled number of particles in extracted scattered air at the other locations. A map of the particles on the outer surface of the mask pod is generated based on the sampled number of particles at the plurality of locations.

Abstract: A grating for use in metrology including a periodic structure including a plurality of units having a pitch P, at least one unit of the plurality of units including at least a first periodic sub-structure having a first sub-pitch P1 smaller than the pitch P, and at least a second periodic sub-structure arranged along-side and separated from the first periodic sub-structure within the at least one unit and having a second sub-pitch P2 smaller than the pitch P and different from the first sub-pitch P1, P1 and P2 being selected to yield at least one Moir pitch Pm=P1·P2/(P2?P1), the pitch P being an integer multiple of the first sub-pitch P and of the second sub-pitch P2.

Abstract: A system and method for shaping a film on a partial field including determining an initial contact point. Receiving information about: a partial field of a substrate; and an edge of a patternable area of the substrate. Determining a chord that connects intersection vertices of the partial field and the edge. Determining coordinates of a bisecting line, wherein the bisecting line bisects the chord, and the bisecting line is orthogonal to the chord. Determining an initial contact point range on the bisecting line in which a template and formable material on the substrate contact each other. Contacting the formable material in the partial field on the substrate with the template at an initial contact point within the initial contact point range.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes a toner containing toner particles, a carrier, and an external additive containing titanium dioxide particles of two types having different refractive indexes, fatty acid metal salt particles, and an abrasive.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an optical sensor configured to detect an image formed on an intermediate transfer belt. The optical sensor includes a first light emitting diode (LED), a second LED, a first photodiode (PD), and a second PD on a substrate. The first PD is arranged at a position at which specularly reflected light of light emitted from the first LED can be received, and scattered reflected light of light emitted from the second LED can be received. The second PD is arranged at a position at which scattered reflected light of light emitted from the second LED can be received. A light receiving surface of the first PD and a light receiving surface of the second PD are formed at different angles. The light receiving surface of the first PD has an area that is smaller than an area of the light receiving surface of the second PD.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a first image formation section configured to form a first image of a developer containing a lustrous pigment; a second image formation section configured to form a second image of a dyeing developer; and a transfer section configured to transfer the first image and the second image on a medium such that the first image and the second image are stacked to each other on the medium.

Abstract: In some examples, a print material apparatus includes a housing having an opening and an inner housing space, and a module removably attached to the housing to cover the opening, the module providing an inner module space that together with the inner housing space define a volume containing a print material of the print material apparatus. The housing is attachable to different modules that provide respective inner module spaces of different sizes for defining different print material containment capacities of the print material apparatus.

Abstract: Examples of a print particle transfer interface of a donor container are described herein. Some examples of the print particle transfer interface include a static interface portion to engage a receiving container. The static interface portion includes a static opening. Some examples of the print particle transfer interface include a rotating output assembly with a cylindrical valve seat and a seal component surrounding a valve opening. In some examples, the cylindrical valve seat rotates with respect to the static interface portion to align the valve opening for dispensing print particle to the receiving container.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an annular endless belt; a drive roller, around which the endless belt is wound and which moves the endless belt; a first tension roller, around which the endless belt moved by the drive roller is wound; a biasing mechanism connected to the first tension roller and including an elastic member that applies a tension to the endless belt via the first tension roller; a second tension roller, around which the endless belt moved by the drive roller is wound at a different position from the first tension roller; and a moving mechanism connected to the second tension roller to move the second tension roller in directions closer to and away from the endless belt. A range of adjustment of a circumferential length of the endless belt by the moving mechanism is larger than a range of adjustment of the circumferential length of the endless belt by the biasing mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is an intermediate transfer member containing a thermoplastic resin and carbon black. The carbon black has a structure volume of 50 or more and 250 or less, and a content of the carbon black is from 15.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % with respect to the intermediate transfer member. When a region ranging from an inner peripheral surface on a back side with respect to an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is borne to 10 ?m in a thickness direction is defined as an inner peripheral surface region, a value of an L-function indicating dispersibility of the carbon black with respect to the thermoplastic resin in the inner peripheral surface region is 150 nm or less.