Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for using a cardiac signal sensed via a plurality of electrodes disposed on one or more leads implanted within an epidural space of a patient to control spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy. In one example, an implantable medical device (IMD) senses an electrical signal via a plurality of electrodes disposed on one or more leads implanted within an epidural space of a patient. Processing circuitry determines, from the electrical signal, one or more cardiac features indicative of activity of a heart of the patient. The processing circuitry controls, based on the one or more cardiac features, delivery of SCS therapy to the patient.

Abstract: This application is generally related to systems and methods for providing a medical therapy to a patient by tracking patient activity and adjusting medical therapy based on occurrence of different types of activities performed by the patient while automatically rescheduling stimulation programs based on detected patient activity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for evaluation and adjustment cardiac therapy. The systems and methods may initially evaluate a first pacing parameter while other pacing parameters are fixed to, for example, nominal values, and determine an effective setting for the first pacing parameter. Then, a second pacing parameter may be evaluated while the first pacing parameter is fixed to the previously-determined effective setting. Each evaluation may not test every possible setting for the pacing parameters, and instead, may utilize various processes to limit the settings to a subset of settings to test.

Abstract: A medical device control unit is provided. The control unit may include a communications interface, a memory, and at least one processing device. The processing device may be configured to cause application of a control signal to a primary antenna associated with a unit external to a subject's body. The processing device may further be configured to monitor a feedback signal indicative of the subject's breathing and store, in the memory, information associated with the feedback signal. The processing device may also cause transmission of the stored information, via the communications interface, to a location remote from the control unit. The processing device may further be configured to receive an update signal, from the location remote from the control unit, and cause application of an updated control signal to the primary antenna based on the update signal.

Abstract: A cochlear implant system may include a cochlear implant configured to be implanted within a user and a sound processor configured to detect an amount of sound exposure to the user; gradually adjust a most comfortable level (“M level”) from an initial value towards a target value in accordance with an adaption time course and in accordance with the detected amount of sound exposure to the user by increasing the M level when the detected amount of sound exposure is above a first threshold and decreasing the M level when the detected amount of sound exposure is below a second threshold; and direct the cochlear implant to apply stimulation having the gradually adjusted M level to the user.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to implantable medical devices (IMDs) and methods for use therewith. Such a method includes using an accelerometer of an IMD (e.g., a leadless pacemaker) to produce one or more accelerometer outputs indicative of the orientation of the IMD. The method can also include controlling communication pulse parameter(s) of one or more communication pulses (produced by pulse generator(s)) based on accelerator output(s) indicative of the orientation of the IMD. The communication pulse parameter(s) that is/are controlled can be, e.g., communication pulse amplitude, communication pulse width, communication pulse timing, and/or communication pulse morphology. Such embodiments can be used to improve conductive communications between IMDs whose orientation relative to one another may change over time, e.g., due to changes in posture and/or due to cardiac motion over a cardiac cycle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved power transmission are disclosed herein. The system can include an implantable neurostimulator for delivering the one or more electrical pulses to a patient's body. The implantable neurostimulator can include a hermetic housing made of a biocompatible material, an energy storage feature for powering the implantable neurostimulator, a receiving coil assembly including an elongate wire winding wound around a first ferritic core, and control circuitry for controlling recharging of the energy storage feature. The system can include a charging device for wirelessly delivering energy to the implantable neurostimulator. The charging device can include a sending coil assembly including a planar wire winding coupled to a surface of a second ferritic core.

Abstract: A voltage converter for medical devices includes a switch capacitor converter core including a plurality of power transistor switches configured to receive an input voltage and output an output voltage; a switch driver connected with the switch capacitor converter core and configured to turn on corresponding power transistor switches in the switch capacitor converter core so as to supply power to a load receiving the output voltage; a switch signal router connected with the switch driver and configured to selectively transmit signals required by the switch driver; a gain selection decoder connected with the switch signal router; a gain controller connected with the gain selection decoder, the gain selection decoder being configured to decode gain selection instructions transmitted from the gain controller; an input adjusting device connected with the gain controller and configured to receive the input voltage and a reference voltage, to indicate relationship between the input voltage and the reference voltage

Abstract: A wearable medical device is provided for monitoring the cardiac health of a patient, for example, for indications of cardiac anomalies, where the device includes ECG sensors in electrical contact with the patient's body, therapy electrodes for providing electrical therapy to the patient's heart, and a control unit having at least one touch control with force sensor disposed on its housing for contacting with a finger. Signals from the touch control may be analyzed to identify force application below a first force threshold and at or above a second force threshold below the first force threshold, and, responsive to detecting such application of force, user input may be registered. User inputs to the at least one touch control may be used to delay therapy by the therapy electrodes.

Abstract: An implantable lead includes a lead body, electrical conductors, and a lead anchor. The lead body includes an electrode segment configured to be positioned along a pericardial membrane of a heart and including a plurality of electrodes configured to at least one of sense electrical signals from the heart or deliver therapy to the heart. The electrical conductors extend through the lead body between distal and proximal ends of the lead body, and are configured to electrically couple the electrodes to a pulse generator. The lead anchor is configured to be secured to a chest wall. The electrical conductors extend through the lead anchor, and the electrode segment extends from the lead anchor to the pericardial membrane. The electrode segment includes a transition portion that is configured to extend a depth into a mediastinum and a contoured portion to extend alongside and curve about the pericardial membrane.

Abstract: A defibrillation system for the administration of a dual sequential defibrillation and/or simultaneous defibrillation therapy. A first defibrillation device is inductively coupled to a second defibrillation device. An energy delivery of the first defibrillation device generating, or causing to be generated, an artifact that is received by the second defibrillation device. The artifact causing a sync mode, or sync mode circuitry, of the second defibrillation device to administer a second energy delivery. The second energy delivery can be delayed relative to the energy delivery by the first defibrillation device.

Abstract: Aspects described herein pertain to restoring damaged portions of tooth or bone using plasma mediated deposition. In an embodiment, a biocompatible carrier gas is ionized to form a biocompatible atmospheric plasma stream. Restoration material, such as nano-scale powdered hydroxyapatite, is introduced into the plasma stream, which is then applied to a damaged portion of a bone or tooth. The restoration material is deposited on the damaged portion of the bone or tooth, thus restoring a shape and mechanical integrity of the bone or tooth.

Abstract: A method of treatment includes using an electrical energizing source coupled to a current conducting coil to cause the current conducting coil to produce pulsed electromagnetic fields. A conducting membrane is placed adjacent the current conducting coil and an insulating coupling interface is placed adjacent the membrane, such that the membrane is between the current conducting coil and the insulating coupling interface. One portion of the pulsed electromagnetic fields is intercepted by the membrane so that the membrane oscillates to generate acoustic waves to tissue adjacent the insulating coupling interface and another portion of the pulsed electromagnetic fields propagates through the insulating coupling interface to the tissue.

Abstract: A magnetic field applicator (1, 55) that has a ramped signal curve for the coil currents (10, 37, 44, 49) that are used, comprised of low frequency base pulses (10, 37) of the coil current with ramp-shaped rising amplitudes, which are active during a defined treatment period (1), which are a component of the pulse packets (44) composed of the base pulses (10, 37), the envelopes (17, 17a, 17b) of which, described by the amplitudes of the base pulses (10, 37) are likewise ramp-shaped, wherein the envelopes (17a, 17b, 17c) of which form the amplitudes of the base pulses (10, 37) of a rising curve segment (57) starting from close to zero, which rises until approximately the midpoint of a treatment period (11) and subsequently forms a constant curve segment (58) corresponding to a maximum current strength, until the end of the treatment period (11) (FIGS. 13-15).

Abstract: A method for anti-inflammatory treatment of diabetic retinopathy can include systemic administration of an A2aAR agonist and providing local electric field stimulation to the retina. The electric field stimulation causes translocation of A2aRs from cytosol to the cell membranes and makes them active and available for binding with adenosine and adenosine agonists. Increased numbers of active A2aRs on cellular membranes leads to several-fold increase in the anti-inflammatory signal transduced into the cells. Amplified adenosine-A2aR signaling pathway causes significant inhibition of production of proinflammatory cytokines and other cytotoxic activity of microglia thus protecting the retina from destruction by the immune system and preserving eyesight. A treatment apparatus can include a multicoil applicator with coils adapted for positioning near eyes for stimulating retina, a pulse generator functionally coupled to the applicator and a power supply.

Abstract: An LED facial mask incorporates a transparent light guide which distributes therapeutically useful frequencies of light over the skin of a user's face. Further, a USB connection port provides power. Alternate embodiments incorporate the mask device into alternate forms of wearable devices.

Abstract: A phototherapy or BRT process and apparatus is provided, which, using a pre-recorded bioresonance frequency or compilation of frequencies, causes an EMR emitter to emit within a biological window of a target organism to positively or negatively affect the organism. The EMR may be generated in one or more LEDs by a device connected to a controller of the EMR emitter which device provides the pre-recorded bioresonance frequency or compilation of frequencies to control the LEDs' emitted light in terms of its intensity and/or a frequency or flicker-rate.

Abstract: Provided a method of sterilization by ultraviolet irradiation whereby effects on the human body can be mitigated and an odor that arises after ultraviolet irradiation can be controlled. The sterilization method includes: a step (a) of irradiating a skin of a hand or arm with ultraviolet having a wavelength of 200 nm or more and 230 nm or less; and a step (b) of applying a topical skin preparation, cosmetic, or aqueous solution containing at least one amino acid or amino acid derivative selected from an amino acid group A to a region of the skin irradiated with the ultraviolet. The amino acid group A includes valine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, arginine, serine, aspartic acid, proline, and glycine.

Abstract: A balloon applicator for an intraoperative radiation therapy system includes an x-ray beam shaping component for emitting x-rays in a plurality of possible directions in three dimensions. The balloon applicator includes connecting structure for connecting to the intraoperative radiation therapy system and an inflatable balloon contactor having an outer surface. The balloon applicator has a beam hardening system including a beam hardening compound disposed between the x-ray beam shaping component and the outer surface of the balloon. The beam hardening system is capable of hardening the beam in beam directions in three dimensions. An intraoperative radiation therapy system and a method for conducting intraoperative radiation therapy are also disclosed.

Abstract: After accessing optimization information for a particular patient and for a particular radiation treatment platform, a control circuit generates an optimized radiation treatment plan by processing the optimization information using direct-aperture-optimization that includes fluence-based sub-optimization. By one approach, the control circuit includes the fluence-based sub-optimization in at least some, but not necessarily all, iterations of the direct-aperture-optimization. By one approach, the control circuit is configured to include only a few iterations of the fluence-based sub-optimization when including the fluence-based sub-optimization in at least some, but not necessarily all, iterations of the direct-aperture-optimization.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for treatment of subcutaneous fat by simultaneously transdermally inducing both ultrasonic transverse vibrations and ultrasonic longitudinal vibrations in subcutaneous tissue, for example for reduction of subcutaneous fat.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a warming composition showing a favorable dispersion stability after long-term storage, a high warming impact, and improvement of zeolite-specific deterioration of feeling of use, and to provide an aerosol formulation containing the warming composition. This object is achieved with a warming composition containing zeolite nanoparticles having an average particle size of not more than 500 nm, wherein the temperature of the composition is rapidly increased by heat generated by hydration reaction between the zeolite and water.

Abstract: A respirator system includes a respirator with an air filter, a flow generator with a sensorless DC motor, a mask, a processor, a sensor, an electric power source, and a wireless transceiver. The respirator filters air, increase the pressure of the air, delivers the air to the mask at a pressure above ambient, gathers data with the sensor about operation of the respirator, and transmits the data. An intermediate electronic device is separate and remote from the respirator, and is configured to receive the transmitted data process the data, and re-transmit the data. A computer receives the data, processes the data and generates at least one report regarding the respirator or a user of the respirator.

Abstract: Locking systems and method of manufacturing the same are provided. A locking system for fall protection includes a braking lever. The braking includes a shock absorber. The shock absorber includes a plurality of coils. The shock absorber also includes a plurality of breakaway interfaces coupling the plurality of coils together. Each of the plurality of breakaway interfaces are configured to decouple two of the plurality of coils at a different force. At least one of the breakaway interfaces defines at least one deformable finger defined on one of the plurality of coils of the shock absorber interfacing with another coil of the shock absorber.

Abstract: A wild fire defense system network for proactively defending homes and properties from wild fires. A GPS system provides GPS-location services to each system component in the wild fire defense system network, supported by a wireless communication network. First and second group of wireless GPS-tracked anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spraying systems are provided. The first group of wireless GPS-tracked chemical liquid spraying systems are assigned to homes and/or buildings in strategic areas of a specified region, for spraying the outside of homes and surrounding ground cover with environmentally-clean anti-fire chemical liquid, to proactively protect the homes and surrounding ground cover from wild fire. The second group of GPS-tracked chemical liquid spraying systems are assigned to operators in the strategic area for spraying GPS-specified ground cover with anti-fire chemical liquid to create strategic clean-chemistry fire breaks that proactively protect GPS-specified property cover from wild fire.

Abstract: A cooking system includes an appliance defining a food product volume and a fluid aperture fluidly coupled to the food product volume, a conduit configured to fluidly couple a fire suppressant supply to the fluid aperture, the fire suppressant supply being configured to provide a fire suppressant agent, a flow restrictor positioned along the conduit and configured to restrict a flow rate of the fire suppressant agent through the conduit, and a check valve positioned along the conduit. A portion of the conduit extends between the check valve and the fluid aperture and fluidly couples the check valve to the fluid aperture. The conduit is configured to introduce the fire suppressant agent from the fire suppressant supply into the food product volume of the appliance through the fluid aperture.

Abstract: A sprinkler head accessory includes an inner ring attached to a sprinkler head and an outer ring hiding the edge of a ceiling hole through which the sprinkler head passes. The inner ring has a partition portion facing the outer ring with a gap therebetween. A ventilation portion constituted by the gap through which the indoor side of a ceiling board and the back side of the ceiling board communicate with one another is provided between the outer ring and the partition portion.

Abstract: A sprinkler assembly includes a connection fitting and a fire protection sprinkler. The connection fitting includes a tubular member with a first insertion end and a second insertion end with an internal conduit extending between the first and second insertion end along a longitudinal axis, the tubular member including an exterior surface and an inner surface, the inner surface defining a sealing surface between the first and second insertion ends circumscribed about the longitudinal axis and including a gripping portion axially spaced from the sealing surface. The fire protection sprinkler has a body defining an inlet and an outlet, a deflector spaced from the outlet, the body having an outer encasing surface surrounding the longitudinal axis and including a leading portion and a trailing portion for insertion in the second insertion end with the leading portion received within the sealing surface before the trailing portion engages the gripping portion.

Abstract: A corrosion monitoring device includes a sensor assembly and a detector circuit. The sensor assembly includes at least one sensor portion disposed in an interior of a pipe in a fire sprinkler system for sensing corrosion of a wall of the pipe. The detector circuit transmits an electrical signal through the at least one sensor portion, monitors an electrical characteristic of the at least one sensor portion based on the electrical signal, compares at least one of the monitored electrical characteristic and a change in the electrical characteristic of the at least one sensor portion to at least one of a predetermined value and a previously monitored electrical characteristic, determines a corrosion status indicative of at least one of a corrosion level and a rate of corrosion of the pipe wall based on the comparison, and outputs an indication of the corrosion status.

Abstract: A modular fitness system includes a set of two or more spaced-apart elongate wall bars that are secured to a wall or similar vertical structure at spaced apart locations on the wall and at a substantially vertical orientation. Each wall bar has a linear array of wall through-holes incrementally disposed along the length of the wall bar for attaching the wall bar to the wall. A first set of two or more horizontal elongate bars are installed on top of and orthogonal to the wall bars to form a T with the wall bars. Each of the horizontal elongate bars comprises a first linear array of bar through-holes spaced at increments along a length of the elongate bar that match at least a portion of the linear array of wall through-holes when secured to the wall. The linear arrays of bar through-holes in the horizontal elongate bars, when secured to the set of wall bars, form a rectangular array of equally spaced through-holes in a plane parallel to and offset from the planar surface of the vertical structure.

Abstract: An exercise machine comprises an arm support, including: a carriage configured to slide within a track attached to the exercise machine; and a support assembly that floats the carriage relative to the track, wherein the support assembly is disengaged by the application of force via the arm. An exercise machine comprises a rotatable column, wherein the column supports an arm, and a gear detent mechanism to support a discrete number of positions for the rotatable column. An exercise machine comprises a tiltable arm, and a mechanism to support a discrete number of positions for the tiltable arm.

Abstract: A exercise equipment includes a weight bar, a plurality of weight plates slidably coupled at two ends portions of the weight bar from two free ends thereof respectively, and a weight bar stopper built-in at each of the end portions of the weight bar to increase a peripheral size of the weight bar at the end portion thereof to block the weight plate being slid out of the free end of the weight bar. When the weight bar stopper is actuated to adjust the peripheral size of the weight bar back to its original size, the weight plate is allowed to be slid in and out the end portion of the weight bar.

Abstract: An adjustable dumbbell includes a base, a grip, and a plurality of sets of dumbbell plate assemblies connected on both sides of the grip. The dumbbell plate assembly includes a rotating member, an adapter, a limiting member and a weight plate. The rotating member rotates with the grip. The limiting member is located between the rotating member and the adapter. The limiting member fits with and is connected to the adapter in a non-rotatable manner. When the rotating member rotates, the rotating member abuts against the abutting rib to drive the limiting member to translate, so that the protrusion is inserted into or separated from the insertion hole to connect or separate the limiting member and the adapter.

Abstract: An exercise machine may include a frame, a resistance mechanism supported by the frame, first and second pull cables supported by the frame and linked to the resistance mechanism, a power rack attached to the frame, first and second handles selectively attachable to the first and second pull cable, and first and second pulleys. The power rack includes upright posts configured to have barbell holders adjustably attached thereto such that the barbell holders are configured to be adjusted in various positions between highest positions and lowest positions on the upright posts. The pulleys are configured to selectively receive the pull cables to enable the pull cables to be selectively attached to a barbell to assist or hinder a user in lifting the barbell in a combined cable and free weight workout, the pull cables decoupled from the pulleys for cable workouts.

Abstract: A weight apparatus includes a handle, first and second anchorages mounted to first and second ends of the handle, respectively, the handle and the first and second anchorages having an axially extending opening, first and second rods axially movable inside the axially extending opening and adapted to be moved axially relative to the axially extending opening in opposite directions upon rotation of first and second pinion gears in the first and second anchorages, respectively, that engage with first and second racks on the first and second rods, respectively, and a lock having a locked condition in which rotation of the first and second pinion gears is prevented and an unlocked condition in which rotation of the first and second pinion gears is permitted.

Abstract: A four-bar linkage assembly exercise station that can be adjusted to various configurations to create various exercise motions having at least one adjustable operational pivot that is movable prior to operation of the machine and stationary during operation of the machine and at least one stationary adjustment pivot operatively connected to the at least one adjustable operational pivot. The stationary adjustment pivot is also operatively connected to an adjusting and latching component or assembly that can be engaged by a user prior to operation of the machine to adjust the four-bar linkage assembly exercise station to a desired configuration to create a unique exercise motion and secure the desired configuration of the adjustable four-bar linkage assembly.

Abstract: An end platform for an exercise machine for increased support of an exerciser's spine, neck and head which allows for an expanded scope of exercises that cannot otherwise be performed on the machine without the improved platform. The end platform for an exercise machine generally includes a novel, ergonomically improved stationary platform affixed to at least one opposed end of a substantially longitudinal exercise machine that includes at least a resistance biased reciprocating platform. The improved end platform provides for increased support of exercisers' spine, neck and head, thereby allowing for an expanded scope of exercises that cannot otherwise be performed on the machine without the improved platform, and further provides for the attachment of new and novel exercise equipment accessories to the exercise machine.

Abstract: A limb exercise machine includes a first transmission unit and a second transmission unit. A left-hand control member, as well as a right-foot control member, is connected to the first transmission unit. The left-hand control member and the right-foot control member are pulled by the first transmission unit to be moved synchronously. A right-hand control member, as well as a left-foot control member, is connected to the second transmission unit. The right-hand control member and the left-foot control member are pulled by the second transmission unit to be moved synchronously.

Abstract: An exercise device comprising a metallic box, two motors mounted at left and right sides of the box, a mirror touch screen, a camera, a loudspeaker, two motors mounted at the left and right bottom of the box, movable arms at slide tracks at both sides, a voltage transformer for the mirror touch screen, and four drive boards for four motors. All these four motors connect with gear reducers. Four carriages ride on both sides of slide tracks. The upper left and right two carriages provide support for upper limbs exercise. The lower left and right two carriages provide support for lower limbs exercise.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a swimming goggle including at least one main body including: (a) an outer lens; (b) an inner lens; (c) a sealed gap separating the outer lens and the inner lens; and (d) an inner space arranged adjacent to the inner lens.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising layers that have from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and wherein the concentration of the radio-opaque filler is measurably different in each layer is disclosed herein. The radio-opaque filler is preferably a compound based on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a core and a cover, the cover is formed primarily of polyurethane, the ball has a diameter of at least 43.0 mm and, in an impact test carried out by hitting the ball with a driver at a head speed of 40 m/s, the sum t1+t2 of the time t1 required from initial contact by the driver with the ball for deformation of the ball to reach a maximum and the time t2 required from the state of maximum ball deformation for the ball and driver to separate is 650 ?sec or less. This golf ball makes it possible for golfers who have a high head speed and ordinary golfers who do not to compete without relying excessively on superiority in terms of distance.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a core and a cover, the cover is formed primarily of polyurethane, the ball has a weight of 44.8 g or less and, in an impact test carried out by hitting the ball with a driver at a head speed of 40 m/s, the sum t1+t2 of the time t1 required from initial contact by the driver with the ball for deformation of the ball to reach a maximum and the time t2 required from the state of maximum ball deformation for the ball and driver to separate is 650 ?sec or less. This golf ball makes it possible for golfers who have a high head speed and ordinary golfers who do not to compete without relying excessively on superiority in terms of distance.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a core, an envelope layer, an intermediate layer and a cover, the core, the envelope layer-encased sphere obtained by encasing the core with the envelope layer, the intermediate layer-encased sphere obtained by encasing the envelope layer-encased sphere with the intermediate layer and the ball obtained by encasing the intermediate layer-encased sphere with the cover have respective deflections when compressed under a final load of 1,275 N (130 kgf) from an initial load of 98 N (10 kgf) which satisfy specific conditions. This ball achieves a good distance on shots with a utility club and with irons, is receptive to spin in the short game and has a soft feel at impact on all shots, making it useful to amateur golfers.

Abstract: A main body of a ball collecting and discharging machine includes a traveling portion and a ball collecting and discharging portion to collect and discharge balls. A controller causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to collect the balls scattered in a ball scattered area while causing the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along a ball collecting route in the ball scattered area. When the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches a state of being ready to discharge balls during or after ball collecting work, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route and causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to discharge balls at the ball discharging site.

Abstract: In one embodiment the golf club head includes three main components, a frame component, a rear cap component, and a striking plate. In another embodiment the club head may also comprise a front component, which is manufactured as a single unitary piece, and a rear cap component. The front component may also be overmolded by a thermoplastic polymeric outer portion which may or may not cover the striking face and which provides additional reinforcement at the load bearing sections of the club head and allows a more facile connection to the rear cap component. In another embodiment, a club head having a main body, crown insert, sole insert and metal face plate frame is formed by forming the sole insert and crown insert from a polymeric material using a thermoforming or thermosetting process and then injection molding the main body over the sole insert, crown insert and metal face plate frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of golf club heads, golf clubs, and methods to manufacture golf club heads and golf clubs are generally described herein. In one example, a golf club head includes a body portion with an interior cavity and a face portion attached to the body portion to enclose the interior cavity. The golf club head also includes a filler material in the interior cavity and attached to the back surface of the face portion. The golf club head also includes an internal mass portion in the interior cavity spaced apart from the body portion and attached to the filler material. The filler material may be located between the face portion and the internal mass portion. The internal mass portion may be movable in the interior cavity relative to the body portion and the face portion. Other examples and embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: In general, aspects of this invention relate to blade-type iron golf clubs or golf club heads. The blade-type golf club head may comprise a body forged of a metal material. The body may include a hosel, a top surface, a sole, a heel, a toe, a ball striking surface, and a rear surface opposite the ball striking surface. The rear surface may have an upper blade portion and a lower muscle portion with the upper blade portion separated from the lower muscle portion by a blade interface. The lower muscle portion may have a muscle portion surface are that includes a heel muscle surface area measured from the ball striking centerline to the heel and a toe muscle surface area measured from the ball striking centerline to the toe. The toe muscle surface area may make up at least 60% of the muscle portion surface area. The mass distribution of the lower muscle portion moves the center of gravity of the club head closer to the face center location.

Abstract: A golf club head has a face portion, a crown portion, and a sole portion. The golf club head includes a weight member that is configured to be wound, a first wound portion around which a first part of the weight member is to be wound, and a second wound portion that is disposed apart from the first wound portion and around which a second part of the weight member is to be wound. In the golf club head, a position of a center of gravity of the golf club head is adjusted by changing a weight ratio of the first part to the second part. At least either the first wound portion or the second wound portion may be rotatable in a reel-in direction and a reel-out direction.

Abstract: A sand trap rake for use on golf courses includes an elongate rake head having an elongate body member with a front end, a back end, and first and second lateral sides between the front and back ends. The rake head defines a raking direction aligned with a direction extending from the front end to the back end. A plurality of tines extend downwardly from the body member and are spaced apart along a longitudinal direction of the rake head, transverse to the raking direction. The rake further includes an elongate front blade extending downwardly from the front end of the body member, and an elongate rear blade extending downwardly from the back end of the body member. The rake may be used in one of four selectable raking modes to prepare a sand surface for golf play.