Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A simulated shift system for a battery electric vehicle (BEV) includes a set of sensors configured to monitor a set of parameters indicative of driver input by a driver of the BEV and a controller configured to control an electric drive module (EDM) of the BEV, the EDM comprising a gear system connected to an electric motor and being configured to output drive torque to a driveline of the BEV, receive the monitored set of parameters, and, based on the monitored set of parameters, selectively control the EDM to adjust drive torque output therefrom to simulate transmission shift operations of a predetermined conventional automotive automatic transmission having four or more speeds.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric drive system for an electric vehicle, the electric drive system being subdivided in an electric machine subsystem having a first electric machine and a second electric machine and in a remaining subsystem having at least an electric storage device. The method includes: determining an allowable remaining system power range for the remaining system; determining an allowable first machine power range for the first electric machine and an allowable second machine power range for the second electric machine; and determining an allowable first machine torque range. The method also includes: determining an allowable second machine torque range; determining a first machine torque setpoint for the first electric machine and determining a second machine torque setpoint for the second electric machine; and operating first electric machine to realize first machine torque setpoint and operating second electric machine to realize second machine torque setpoint.

Abstract: The invention discloses a dynamotor module with DC terminal voltage, comprising a first dynamotor with DC terminal voltage and a second dynamotor with DC terminal voltage, wherein the first and the second dynamotor with DC terminal voltage are connected in parallel with a DC common terminal voltage Va, and the first dynamotor with DC terminal voltage has a first rotation speed Si and a first effective magnetic flux density B1, the second dynamotor with DC terminal voltage has a second rotation speed S2 and a second effective magnetic flux density B2, wherein when the first dynamotor with DC terminal voltage and the second dynamotor with DC terminal voltage are operated at a steady state, the first rotation speed Si and the second rotation speed S2 are not equal to zero, and the first effective magnetic flux density Bland the second effective magnetic flux density B2 are not equal to zero, and the absolute ratio of |S1|/|S2| is directly proportional to B2/B1.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a power converter configured to provide a constant current charge to a capacitor coupled to a high voltage bus through a mechanical contact, an isolation interface configured to receive a pre-charge signal on a primary side of the isolation interface, and convert the pre-charge signal into a bias voltage signal and a control command signal on a secondary side of the isolation interface, and based on the bias voltage signal and the control command signal, a constant current control unit configured to generate a gate drive signal for the power converter.

Abstract: A system for a fuel cell vehicle including a plurality of fuel cell modules, a plurality of battery packs, and a controller. At least one of the plurality of fuel cell modules having a state of health (SOH) different from a corresponding SOH of other fuel cell modules. Each battery pack including a plurality of battery cells. At least one of the plurality of battery packs having a SOH different from a corresponding SOH of other battery packs. The controller is communicatively coupled to monitor and control operation of the plurality of fuel cell modules and the plurality of battery packs. The controller is configured to receive a power demand and determine a power split between the plurality of fuel cell modules and the plurality of battery packs based on an operating phase of the vehicle.

Abstract: The Method uses Nikola Tesla's process for generating Electrostatic Electricity also called Cold Electricity by Tesla. A large Inverter powers the Generator where Radiant Electricity is created from high frequency high voltage Pulsed DC. A magnet is placed 90 degrees with the spark gap to remove the current (negative electrons) at the spark Gap leaving the flow of voltage. This significantly increases the voltage much more than the input voltage. Electrostatic Electricity mixes well with Regular Electricity because it is the voltage part of Regular Electricity with no current. The Frequency Transformer allows the Electrostatic and Regular Electricities to mix in separate coils.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a charging system charges a secondary battery provided in a mobile body. The charging system includes a controller which selects one of a first charge mode which charges the secondary battery by simulating a synchronous generator and a second charge mode which charges the secondary battery without simulating the synchronous generator, and a charger which charges the secondary battery by an operation corresponding to the first charge mode or the second charge mode selected by the controller.

Abstract: A power control device includes a power receiving unit, a power converting unit, and a control device. The power receiving unit includes a secondary coil that receives AC electric power transmitted from a power transmitting device in a non-contact manner. The power converting unit includes transistors with two phases as a pair connected to the secondary coil. The power converting unit converts the AC electric power received by the power receiving unit to DC electric power. The control device performs a synchronous rectification operation of rectifying the AC electric power by synchronously driving the transistors in two phases when a target output is equal to or greater than a target output. The control device controls the synchronous rectification operation and a short-circuiting operation of short-circuiting the secondary coil using the transistors in two phases through pulse frequency modulation when the target output is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: An electric vehicle and a wireless charging system are disclosed. The wireless charging system includes a processor and a communication device. The processor is configured to search for a platooning string around an electric vehicle, to control the electric vehicle to join the searched platooning string based on a vehicle state and driving information of vehicles in the platooning string, and to receive wireless charging, when receiving a wireless charging request from the electric vehicle. The communication device is configured to perform wireless communication with the electric vehicle and the vehicles in the platooning string.

Abstract: A wireless power transfer system for a vehicle traveling along a surface is provided. The wireless power transfer system includes a receiver coil mounted to the vehicle; a plurality of transmitter units connected in series and positioned on the surface; and a controller in communication with voltage sensors of each transmitter unit. The transmitter units include inactive and active transmitter units, and the inactive transmitter units include a leading transmitter unit and a trailing transmitter unit adjacent to the active transmitter units. The controller is configured to receive voltages of the leading and trailing transmitter units, compare the voltages with data in the database, and determine a position of the receiver relative to the transmitter units in order to activate and deactivate transmitter units as needed to dynamically modify the subset of active transmitter units to provide an efficient and smooth power supply to the receiver.

Abstract: A hand held, portable jump starter device includes a housing having a multi-cell rechargeable battery including at least three battery cells connected in series, a USB input port for receiving a charging current from an external source to recharge the multi-cell rechargeable battery, and an output port for providing jump starting current to an external vehicle; a USB charge circuit connected to the USB input port, the USB charge circuit including a DC-to-DC converter circuit for upconverting an input voltage on the USB input port to a higher charging voltage for recharging the multi-cell rechargeable battery; a pair of series connected transistor devices coupled between the USB charge circuit and the multi-cell rechargeable battery for controlling current flow into and out of the multi-cell rechargeable battery; a control circuit for detecting the voltage of the multi-cell rechargeable battery and configured to turn off the USB charge circuit to prevent over charging of the multi-cell rechargeable battery if

Abstract: A resistor module includes a resistor module housing having an inner cavity. A proximity contact and a ground contact are received in the inner cavity and held by the resistor module housing. A proximity wire, electrically connected to a proximity terminal of the charging inlet assembly, is electrically connected to the proximity contact. A ground wire, electrically connected to a ground terminal of the charging inlet assembly, is electrically connected to the ground contact. A resistor element is received in the inner cavity and coupled to mating ends of the proximity and ground contacts. The resistor element is electrically connected to the proximity terminal through the proximity wire and the proximity contact and is electrically connected to the ground terminal through the ground wire and the ground contact.

Abstract: A charging inlet apparatus includes an inlet box and one or more electrical components. The inlet box is provided at a charging opening of a vehicle. A charging inlet is disposed in the inlet box. One or more electrical components are mounted on a mounting surface of the inlet box from a vehicle cabin side of the vehicle and have a waterproof object area. The mounting surface is inclined toward the vehicle cabin side with respect to a vertical direction. The inlet box includes one or more canopy portions that project from the inlet box so as to be located over the one or more electrical components.

Abstract: An offshore electrical charging system and process may include a marine vessel. Multiple flywheels may be stored on the marine vessel. An electrical power network or system may be positioned on the marine vessel, and be electrically connected to the flywheels. An electrical connector may be in electrical communication with the electrical power network to enable electrical power from the flywheels to flow via the electrical connector to supply power from the marine vessel. At least one power switch may be disposed on the electrical power network, and be configured to enable electricity to flow between the electrical connector and flywheels. A controller may be configured to control the at least one power switch to enable and disable electrical power to flow between the flywheels and the electrical connector via the electrical power network.

Abstract: An adapter for converting a dumb charger into a smart charger comprises a first input interface for interconnecting the adapter with a first charging connector of the dumb charger. A second input interface interconnects the adapter with a second charging connector of an electric vehicle. A wireless communications interface provides wireless connectivity to the adapter. Control circuitry interconnects the first input interface with the second input to provide a power connection for selectively providing a charging signal from the first input interface to the second input interface responsive to commands received over the wireless communications interface.

Abstract: An electrical communication system for unmanned aerial vehicle that includes conductive contact surfaces with magnets that are attached to a landing platform, and conductive pin systems that are attached to the vehicle. Each conductive pin system includes a conductive pin that its lower end is made of a magnetizing material, and its upper end is connected to the controller and the battery of the vehicle. The conductive pin systems includes a main body, that is attached to the vehicle, with a hole inside which the conductive pin is penetrated, a nut assembled on the upper end of the pin, a spring that is wounded on the pin between the nut and the main body so that the spring pushes upwards the pin, and a cable connector that is connected to the upper end of the pin to enable electrical connection with the controller and the battery.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for controlling vehicle battery swapping, a computer system for implementing the method, a computer storage medium, and a vehicle.

Abstract: A charging station includes a front-mount module, a support member, two moving assembles, two supporting arms and a control unit. The front-mount module includes a charging head and a coil disposed within the charging head. The support member is separated from the front-mount module. Each of the moving assembles includes a movable member supported by the support member, and a motor device for moving the movable member along the support member. Each of the supporting arms is pivotally connected to the front-mount module and one of the supporting arms, respectively. The control unit is electrically connected to the motor devices for controlling the motor devices to adjust the position of the front-mount module.

Abstract: An electric vehicle charging system includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an inlet terminal of an electric vehicle charging inlet and an electronic controller configured to obtain an initial temperature value of the temperature sensor, obtain a current temperature value of the temperature sensor, calculate the inlet terminal temperature based on the initial temperature value, the current temperature value, a predetermined temperature sensor normalization factor, and a predetermined terminal normalization factor for the time after application of electrical power to the inlet terminal, and regulate the application of electrical power to the inlet terminal to maintain the inlet terminal temperature below a predetermined temperature threshold based on the calculated inlet terminal temperature. A method and a computer readable medium containing program instructions for determining an inlet terminal temperature of an electric vehicle charging inlet are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ability of a power transmission device to transfer electric charge in a power-transmission area at a particular point in time is identified. The ability comprises a threshold number of vehicles to which the power-transmission device can transfer electric charge with at least a threshold efficiency. A predicted number of electric vehicles that are likely to be requesting electric charge within the power-transmission area at the particular point in time is calculated. The number of electric vehicles that are likely to be requesting electric charge within the power-transmission area at the particular point in time is adjusted based on a determination that the predicted number of vehicles is not bound by the threshold number of vehicles.

Abstract: A device for determining the overall amount of energy for a charging process of an electric energy store of an at least partially electrically driven vehicle at a charging station is provided. The device is configured to determine a vehicle-related amount of energy of electric energy, which has been drawn by the vehicle for the charging process. Furthermore, the device is configured to estimate the overall amount of energy, which was determined prior thereto by way of an estimation unit based on the vehicle-related amount of energy, which is drawn by the charging station from an electric supply source for carrying out the charging process.

Abstract: A fuel management device includes a residual amount information acquisition part configured to acquire residual amount information indicating a residual amount of hydrogen fuel of each of a plurality of vehicles that are previously registered, a vehicle identification part configured to identify a refueling target vehicle in which a residual amount of hydrogen fuel is a threshold or less on the basis of the residual amount information of each vehicle, an estimation part configured to estimate a supply amount of hydrogen fuel in supply facility of hydrogen fuel on the basis of a refueling amount of hydrogen fuel to be refueled to each of the refueling target vehicles, and an output controller configured to output information to an output part based on the estimation result of the estimation part.

Abstract: A charging management system comprising one or more processors configured to acquire weather forecast information indicating weather forecasts. The one or more processors are configured to estimate amounts of future decrease in a state of charge of an onboard battery in any vehicle. The one or more processors are configured to acquire user’s orientation information indicating a user’s orientation as to whether a user is oriented toward charging at a charging station using renewable energy as a source of power generation. The one or more processors are configured to derive, based on correlation information stored in a storage device, the acquired weather forecast information, the estimated amounts of decrease in the state of charge, and the user’s orientation information, a charging plan indicating a combination of a charging timing and a charging place in a future such that a charging unit price is relatively reduced while reflecting the user’s orientations.

Abstract: The electric vehicle comprises a power storage device, a charger that charges the power storage device using power from an external power supply, and a controller that controls the charger. The controller calculates the required charging time for charging before charging the power storage device by the charger, and calculates the scheduled charging end time using the required charging time; obtains the incomplete factor for which the charging was not completed, in case the charging of the power storage device is not completed at the scheduled charging end time; and obtains the delay factor that delayed the completion of charging, in case the charging of the power storage device is completed beyond the scheduled charging end time.

Abstract: A system includes: a controlling unit for providing an electrical power network with an electrical power resource by performing, a first control for reducing power charging amounts for multiple movable batteries, and/or a second control for increasing power supplying amounts from the multiple movable batteries, in response to a first request for requesting power consumption to be reduced, and a third control for increasing power charging amounts for the multiple movable batteries, and/or a fourth control for reducing a power supplying amount from the multiple movable batteries to outsides, in response to a second request for requesting power consumption to be increased; and an estimating unit for estimating which of the first control, the second control, the third control, or the fourth control can be used by each of the multiple movable batteries to provide with an electrical power resource.

Abstract: An electric energy dispatch method, an apparatus, a system, a device, and a medium. The method may include: receiving charging and discharging completion information sent by a battery management system (BMS) during a dispatch process for an electric energy dispatch of a grid dispatch platform that is performed between a grid and a battery of a vehicle by means of a charging and discharging apparatus; determining whether a dispatch mode of the dispatch process is a target dispatch mode according to the charging and discharging completion information; and allowing the BMS to accept the electric energy dispatch of the grid dispatch platform when the dispatch mode is the target dispatch mode.

Abstract: An evaluation jig comprises a female terminal connectable to a male terminal of a charging connector. The female terminal includes a plurality of contact pieces and a support portion. Each contact piece has a flexible piece, and a contact portion protruding toward the center axis from an inner surface of the flexible piece. The flexible piece forms a portion of a cylinder having the center axis. The flexible piece has a length equal to or larger than twice an outer diameter of the cylinder in a direction parallel to the center axis. The flexible piece is elastically deformable so that the flexible piece has a distal end portion to be displaceable in a radial direction of the cylinder relative to a proximal end portion of the flexible piece. The contact portion has a shape curved so as to protrude inward in the radial direction.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for monitoring an electric vehicle using an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). This may be accomplished by an EVCS charging an electric vehicle, wherein the electric vehicle is associated with a profile. The EVCS may then receive a request from a user device, wherein the profile associates the user device with the electric vehicle. The request may request an image and/or video of the electric vehicle. In response to the request, the EVCS can transmit an image and/or video to the user device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for detecting a collision event and taking measures to reduce resulting damage and injury. This may be accomplished by an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) receiving power from a first power source, wherein the EVCS uses the power to charge an electric vehicle. The EVCS can use a sensor to detect an object within a threshold distance of the EVCS. The EVCS can use the information collected by the sensor to determine if the object will contact the EVCS. If the EVCS determines that the object will contact the EVCS the EVCS can take measures (e.g., stop receiving power from the power source) to reduce damage and/or injury.

Abstract: Information management methods and systems of electric vehicle charging station for roaming charging are provided. First, a server obtains at least one first charging station data, which has first data format, corresponding to a first charging station operator. Then, at least one second charging station data, which has second data format, corresponding to a second charging station operator is obtained, wherein at least a part of the first data format and the second data format is different. After that, a charging station query request is received. In response to the charging station query request, the first and second charging station data are obtained, and format conversion operation is performed on the first or the second charging station data, so that the first and second charging station data have the same format, and the first and second charging station data are presented through a user interface.

Abstract: Techniques for managing the distribution of available energy in an energy distribution network during an energy distribution operating period are described herein. Managing the distribution of available energy may be implemented to optimize availability of energy in network components, state-of-charges, cost of energy transfers between the network components, and the like. In one embodiment, a first energy distribution plan may be generated from a calculated optimal distribution of available energy in the energy distribution network. The first energy distribution plan may define desired configurations of the network components. In case of detected disruptions of current network component configurations, a second energy distribution plan may be generated to re-configure affected network components throughout the energy distribution network.

Abstract: Electric vehicle charging station management methods and systems for roaming charging are provided. First, a mobile device executes an application program to obtain identification data of an electric vehicle charging station, and transmits charging request data including the identification data to a first server corresponding to the application program through a first network. The first server determines a charging station operator of the electric vehicle charging station according to the charging request data, and transmits the charging request data to a second server of the charging station operator through a second network. The second server transmits a charging start instruction to the electric vehicle charging station through a third network in response to the charging request data, so that the electric vehicle charging station starts to perform a charging operation.

Abstract: A battery pack cell stack removal method includes compressing a cell stack with an enclosure structure when the cell stack is received within a cell-receiving opening of the enclosure structure, and pulling a cell stack removal strap to withdrawn the cell stack from the cell-receiving opening of the enclosure structure.

Abstract: Provided is a battery replacement station in which a used battery that has been discharged is removed from a vehicle and is replaced with a charged battery. The battery replacement station includes: a battery storage area in which the charged battery is stored; and a temperature adjustment member storage area that stores a temperature adjustment member. The temperature adjustment member is detachably attachable to an outer surface of the charged battery and allows at least one of heat generation and/or heat absorption without including a heating medium flow path through which a heating medium circulates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hoisting carrier vehicle of replaceable batteries. The hoisting carrier vehicle includes a battery box whose cross section is in a shape of inverted concave font. The battery box is mounted by a locking device on the longitudinal beam of the carrier vehicle in a way of saddle. The battery box includes a battery and a battery frame. The battery box of the hoisting carrier vehicle in the application adopts an inverted concave font structure and the middle portion of the inverted concave font is connected to the longitudinal beam, which may effectively lower the center of gravity of the battery box. Secondly, an inclining prevention device is provided to prevent the battery box from inclining forward when braking, thereby to effectively increase the stability of the battery box. In addition, the battery box may be replaced quickly through the quick locking and unlocking of the locking device.

Abstract: A system and method for managing vehicle charging stations such that when at least two of a plurality of electric vehicle charging stations (also known as electric vehicle service equipment, or EVSE) occupied with vehicles awaiting a charge, the present system manages the charging of individual vehicles in cases where the aggregated demand for charging exceeds the capacity of the circuits supplying the plurality of EVSE. By cycling so that only a few of the vehicles are charging at a time, the demand on the circuits is kept below a predetermined limit. In cases where a load shedding event is in progress, the limit can be further reduced. In cases where the cost of electricity is varying dynamically, the system considers a driver's explicit charging requirements (if any) and preferences for opportunistic charging when the price of electricity is not too high.

Abstract: A power supply system charging a battery of an electric car through a grid power line and supplying electric power stored in the battery to electrical equipment through an in-home wiring, including: an isolated converter connected to the grid power line, the in-home wiring and the battery; and a controller controlling the isolated converter. The isolated converter includes a plurality of isolated converter circuits each including two full-bridge circuits. One of the plurality of isolated converter circuits further includes two booster circuits. The controller receives load amount information depending on the operation state of the electrical equipment from a monitor device and switches, on the basis of the load amount information, an operating mode of the isolated converter to one of first mode to fourth mode. The controller causes the two booster circuits to perform a boosting operation in the first mode and third mode.

Abstract: A method of operating an energy management system for a fleet of aircraft, can include receiving a desired flight plan database for the fleet of aircraft, defining at least a desired flight plan for each of the fleet of aircraft and a location of each of the fleet of aircraft, and generating a power source inventory distribution plan for the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft.

Abstract: In an aspect, a system for monitoring a battery system in-flight. The system includes at least a battery pack and a pack monitoring unit (PMU) communicatively connected with a battery pack. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery packs. The PMU may include at least a sensor and a controller. At least a sensor is configured to detect battery datum. A controller is communicatively connected with at least a sensor. A controller is configured to receive battery datum, detect a significant event as a function of battery datum, and transmit the significant event to a remote device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and models for range estimation and analysis in battery powered vehicles are described. Energy consumption over vehicle trips is collected, to evaluate weighting factors for a weighted sum. The weighted sum is evaluated based on determined weighting factors and expected trip data, to determine an energy consumption of a trip or trips of a vehicle. Determined energy consumption for trips is used for evaluating suitability of the vehicle for performing the trips.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and models for range estimation and analysis in battery powered vehicles are described. Energy consumption over vehicle trips is collected, to evaluate weighting factors for a weighted sum. The weighted sum is evaluated based on determined weighting factors and expected trip data, to determine an energy consumption of a trip or trips of a vehicle. Determined energy consumption for trips is used for evaluating suitability of the vehicle for performing the trips.

Abstract: A battery management system includes: a battery-capacity dividing unit that virtually divides a chargeable capacity of a battery mounted on a mobile object into a first region and a second region to enable a first user to use the first region in the battery and a second user to use the second region in the battery; an amount-of-deterioration-decrease estimation unit that estimates the amount of deterioration decrease that is the amount of decrease in the chargeable capacity of the battery due to deterioration; and an allocation-capacity adjustment unit that, in a case in which the amount of deterioration decrease is lower than or equal to a first specified amount, reduces a chargeable capacity of the second region by the amount of deterioration decrease.

Abstract: A monitoring system for charging multiple battery packs in an electric aircraft, the system comprising a plurality of battery packs included in an electric aircraft, wherein each battery pack comprises a battery management component comprising at least a sensor configured to detect a health metric, a power bus element, wherein the power bus element is electrically connected to each battery pack of the plurality of battery packs, and a charger electrically connected to the power bus element comprising a computing device communicatively connected to each battery pack, wherein the computing device is configured to receive the plurality of health metrics from the plurality of at least a sensor, determine a charging status of each of the plurality of battery packs as a function of the plurality of health metrics, wherein a charge capacity value of each of the plurality of health metrics is compared to a charge threshold value, and wherein the charger is configured to charge each of the plurality of battery packs u

Abstract: A system for battery management for electric aircraft batteries includes an energy storage system configured to provide energy to the electric aircraft via a power supply connection, the energy storage system including: a battery pack, a sensor configured to detect a condition parameter of the battery pack and generate a battery datum based on the condition parameter, a pack monitoring unit (PMU) configured to receive the battery datum, and a high voltage disconnect configured to terminate the power supply connection between the battery pack and the electric aircraft; a high voltage bus electrically connected to the high voltage disconnect; a primary functional display configured to display information based on battery datum; and a first controller area network (CAN) bus and a second CAN bus communicatively connected to the PMU, the high voltage bus, and the primary functional display.

Abstract: An electrical storage system comprises a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system having a lower electrical energy density and a higher rated electrical power output capability than the first energy storage system, at least one electrical power sensor configured to sense over a plurality of time intervals, electrical power usage information for a load electrically coupled to the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system, and at least one computer processor programmed to determine based, at least in part, on the sensed electrical power usage information and a power requirement of the load in a current time interval, charging/discharging parameters for each of the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system, and control charging/discharging of each of the first and second energy storage systems in accordance with the determined charging/discharging parameters during the current time interval.

Abstract: A method for thermal management of fuel cells of a vehicle is provided, the fuel cells (FCS) being cooled through a main circuit (HTCC) where at least one pump (P, P1) is arranged to circulate a cooling liquid through a radiator (R). The method includes a step of selectively thermally connecting the main circuit to a secondary circuit (LTCC) arranged to cool at least one subsystem of the vehicle, such as the vehicle cabin, and/or batteries arranged to cooperate with the fuel cells (FCS), or other subsystems of the vehicle that require cooling or refrigeration.

Abstract: A vehicle occupancy alarm assembly includes an alert unit that has an input port which is compatible with an on board diagnostic port thereby facilitating the alert unit to be placed in electrical communication with a computer system of a vehicle. The alert unit is actuatable into a first condition to emit an audible alert when the alert unit detects that a rear seat belt is coupled thereby alerting a driver of the vehicle that a passenger is buckled into the rear seat belt. The alert unit is actuatable into a second condition to emit an audible alert when the alert unit detects that the driver's side door is ajar thereby alerting the driver to check for a passenger in the rear seat. The alert unit is actuatable into a third condition to emit an audible alert when the alert unit detects that the vehicle transmission has been placed in a parking gear thereby alerting the driver to check for a passenger in the rear seat.

Abstract: A device for preventing rotation of a vehicle seat rail is described. The device prevents an upper rail on the center side of a vehicle from rotating when a forward load is applied to a vehicle seat, thereby preventing a lock plate from being fractured due to rotation of the upper rail.

Abstract: A vehicle seat including a seat that includes a seat cushion and a seat back; an inclination drive portion configured to incline the seat back; and a slide mechanism configured to enable the seat to slide in a vehicle front-rear direction, in which the slide mechanism includes: a slide rail that includes an upper rail and a lower rail and supporting the seat to be able to move in a sliding manner in the front-rear direction, a slide drive portion configured to enable the upper rail to slide with respect to the lower rail, and a mode switching switch configured to enable switching between modes, in a normal mode, a slide range of the seat in the front-rear direction is a slide amount used when the vehicle is driven, in a relaxing mode, a slide amount is at a position where a slide position of the seat in the front-rear direction is rearward, with respect to a slide position at a rearmost end in the normal mode, and the mode switching switch is disposed on a front side where a switch operation is not able to be