Abstract: A hanger system including an expandable liner, an expandable first slip subsystem disposed about the liner, an expandable second slip subsystem disposed about the liner, a seal disposed about the liner and between the first slip subsystem and the second slip subsystem, and an expandable lock ring disposed about the liner and against one of the first slip subsystem or the second slip subsystem. A method for lining a borehole including running a liner system into a borehole, landing the liner system in a liner hanger, expanding the first slip subsystem simultaneously with a portion of the liner, expanding the second slip subsystem simultaneously with another portion of the liner, and sealing the liner to the liner hanger between the first slip subsystem and the second slip subsystem with the seal. A borehole system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a casing in the borehole, and a liner system.

Abstract: A perforating gun assembly that orients one or more shaped charges within a well includes a housing and an orienting internal assembly configured to be disposed within a longitudinal bore of the housing. The orienting internal assembly may include at least one shaped charge holder or charge tube, a rotation support system, a detonator holder and/or a detonator. The rotation support system may be configured so that the detonator holder and/or detonator rotate together as a whole with the at least one shaped charge holder or charge tube. The rotation support system may include at least one bearing assembly, a plurality of rollers, or combinations thereof. The orienting internal assembly may be configured for gravitational orientation.

Abstract: Methods and systems, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium are described for implementing a system that predicts wireline logs used in well drilling operations at a subsurface region. The system derives inputs from a first wireline log and includes a predictive model based on a neural network trained to generate data predictions. The predictive model processes the inputs derived from the first wireline log through layers of the neural network to generate a prediction that identifies multiple second wireline logs for a reservoir in the subsurface region. Based on the multiple second wireline logs, the system controls well drilling operations that simulate hydrocarbon production at the reservoir.

Abstract: A fracturing system includes an energy storage having a battery and a switch, a switch cabinet, a plurality of transformers, a plurality of rectifiers, and a plurality of inverters respectively corresponding to and connected with a plurality of fracturing apparatuses. The switch cabinet is connected with the plurality of transformers. The plurality of transformers are respectively connected with the plurality of rectifiers. Each of the plurality of rectifiers is directly connected with a DC bus and the energy storage. The DC bus is directed connected to the plurality of inverters. The energy storage is directly electrically connected with the DC bus or each of the plurality of inverters. The energy storage is configured to power the plurality of fracturing apparatuses.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing the flow rate and heat transfer efficiency of wellbores and/or propped fractures for use in geothermal operations are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: injecting an etching agent into an injection inlet of a first wellbore penetrating a first portion of a subterranean formation, wherein the injection inlet is disposed at a first location at or near a surface of the subterranean formation; injecting a working fluid having a first temperature into the injection inlet; allowing at least a portion of the working fluid to flow from the injection inlet to a production outlet of a second wellbore penetrating a second portion of the subterranean formation; and producing the portion of the working fluid out of the production outlet at a first rate and at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.

Abstract: There is provided a system for producing hydrocarbon material from a subterranean formation. The system includes a separator for separating gaseous material from reservoir fluid obtained from the subterranean formation. The system is configured to mitigate interference to the separation.

Abstract: Efficient and economical systems and processes described strive to minimize the amount of NGLs and gas purchased, by recycling and reusing the gas and NGLs from producing wells on site for enhanced oil recovery. The EOR fluid is maintained in the liquid phase, greatly reducing the cost and energy consumption of the EOR injection equipment needed. The processes and systems described avoid or significantly decrease the need to purchase NGLs and truck them to the site for EOR, avoid large amounts of compression work, and use refrigeration equipment as an option for improved equipment performance only when desired. Systems and processes use a one-step approach to separate and stabilize the crude from the produced water, the NGLs and the natural gas, reducing the complexity associated with oil production surface infrastructure and eliminating the vast majority of the fugitive emissions associated with current state-of-the-art oil production.

Abstract: Processes and systems for synchronizing driller depth data as a function of time with downhole tool acceleration data as a function of time. In some embodiments, the process can include determining one or more in slips conditions for a drill pipe; determining one or more in slips conditions for a downhole tool; interpolating the in slips status indicators on to a common time grid; determining one or more shifts for which an allowed minimum overlapping time period between the acceleration data and the driller depth data is not less than an allowed minimum overlapping time period; determining a correlation coefficient between the interpolated in slips status indicators for each of the one or more shifts; determining a maximum correlation coefficient and a time shift associated with the maximum correlation; and synchronizing the acceleration data and the driller depth data.

Abstract: A method for estimating a thickness for each of a plurality of nested tubulars may comprise disposing an electromagnetic (EM) logging tool in a wellbore. The method may further comprise transmitting an electromagnetic field from the transmitter into one or more tubulars to energize the one or more tubulars with the electromagnetic field thereby producing an eddy, forming a measurement log from the plurality of measurements, and solving a first inverse problem with uniform priors to obtain a first set of estimated tubular parameters. The method may further comprise designing a data-driven prior based on the first set of estimated tubular parameters, solving a second inverse problem with the data-driven prior to obtain a second set of estimated tubular parameters, and using the second set of estimated tubular parameters to make informed decisions on the integrity of the well casings.

Abstract: A method for remotely signalling a downhole assembly comprising one or more downhole tools includes operating a choke arrangement configured to control production fluid flow from a wellbore to produce a first pressure signature in the fluid flow, the first pressure signature defining a trigger signal for the one or more downhole tools of the downhole assembly. The first pressure signature comprises at least a first pressure signal and a second pressure signal in the production fluid flow in the downhole assembly. Operating the choke arrangement to produce a second pressure signature in the production fluid flow in the downhole assembly at a predetermined time period following the first pressure signature, the second pressure signature defining a command signal for initiating operation of a predetermined one or more of the downhole tools of the downhole assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides computer-implemented methods, media, and systems for automated hydrocarbon transport pipeline failure categorization using image recognition. One example method includes storing multiple pipeline images into an image library, where each pipeline image includes an image of a segment of one of multiple hydrocarbon transport pipelines, the image including one or more patterns of a failure associated with the segment, the failure is associated with one of multiple pipeline failure modes. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using the image library to categorize the multiple pipeline failure modes. An image of a pipeline is received, the pipeline includes a segment with a pipeline failure. The pipeline failure is categorized according to the multiple pipeline failure modes, by processing the image of the pipeline using the CNN. The categorized pipeline failure is provided for generation of a preliminary failure analysis report of the pipeline.

Abstract: A near-bit multi-parameter downhole measurement and control system while drilling, including a ground device and a downhole assembly. The downhole assembly includes a drill bit, a multi-parameter acquisition and signal transmission sub, a positive displacement motor or drilling tool, a receiving and transmitting module, a wireless communication sub, and a non-magnetic drill collar which are connected in sequence. The multi-parameter acquisition and signal transmission sub is provided with the near-bit measuring instrument. The receiving and transmitting module is configured to receive signals from the near-bit measuring instrument and transmit the signals to the wireless communication sub. The wireless communication sub is configured to transmit the received signals to the ground device through a mud pulse generator in a form of pulse signal, and the ground device decodes and analyzes downhole data. The system can monitor and adjust the real-time changes of downhole engineering parameters timely.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for determining intact versus fractured rock zones based on performance monitoring of an electric drilling machine when drilling a blasthole. The determination can be based on a calculation of compensated blastability index (“CBI”) values using transformed performance monitoring data collected in real-time as the drilling machine drills the blasthole.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring an annulus pressure of a well. The method includes performing periodic surveys to monitor an annulus pressure of the well, determining the annulus pressure of the well over a period of time, comparing the annulus pressure to a Maximum Allowable Wellhead Operating Pressure (MAWOP), and generating a decision on whether the well is a workover candidate based on results of the comparison. The system includes a collecting tool that performs periodic surveys to monitor an annulus pressure of the well, determines the annulus pressure of the well over a period of time, and broadcasts information relating to the periodic surveys. The system further includes a processor that obtains the information relating the periodic surveys, compares the annulus pressure to a Maximum Allowable Wellhead Operating Pressure (MAWOP), and generates a decision on whether the well is a workover candidate based on the results of the comparison.

Abstract: Embodiments for generating a reservoir performance forecast are provided. The embodiments may be executed by a computer system. In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining inflow performance relationship data generated from a physics-based subsurface-surface coupled simulation model having a surface, a subsurface, and one or more wells fluidly connecting the subsurface to the surface. The inflow performance relationship data comprises performance data for at least one phase of fluid for each well. The method also includes generating a performance forecast for the reservoir using a subsurface simulator and a surface simulator. The subsurface simulator uses the inflow performance relationship data to represent the subsurface during generation of the performance forecast, and the performance forecast satisfies constraints solved by the surface simulator. In one embodiment, a method does not utilize a surface simulator.

Abstract: A drilling fluid manager receives measurements of drilling fluid data over a period of time. The drilling fluid manager analyzes the time-series drilling fluid data to diagnose a contaminant type, contaminant concentration, and a rate of change of contaminant concentration. The drilling fluid manager develops a treatment plan with a treatment type, a treatment mass, and a treatment schedule for the contaminant type.

Abstract: A first turboexpander generator is configured to decrease a temperature or pressure of a process stream flowing through the first turboexpander generator by generating electrical power from the process stream. A second turboexpander generator is configured to decrease a temperature or pressure of a process stream flowing through the second turboexpander generator by generating electrical power from the process stream. The second turboexpander generator is downstream of and receives a flow output from the first turboexpander generator. The first turboexpander generator and the second turboexpander generator each include the following features. An electric stator surrounds an electric rotor. An annulus defined by the electric rotor and the electric stator is configured to receive a process fluid flow. Magnetic bearings carry the rotor within the stator. A housing encloses the rotor and stator. The housing is hermetically sealed between an inlet and an outlet of each turboexpander generator.

Abstract: A rotor for an aircraft engine, has: a hub extending circumferentially about a central axis, the hub having a bore, a gaspath-facing surface located radially outwardly of the bore relative to the central axis, a first face extending from the bore to the gaspath-facing surface, and a second face opposite the first face and extending from the bore to the gaspath-facing surface; blades circumferentially distributed about the central axis, the blades protruding away from the gaspath-facing surface of the hub; and a crack mitigator located on the first face, the crack mitigator extending circumferentially relative to the central axis, the crack mitigator extending axially from a baseline surface of the first face.

Abstract: A turbomachine part of an annular assembly includes a structural body and a connecting edge integral with the structural body. Each connecting edge includes at least one groove intended to receive a sealing tab. Each connecting edge is made of composite material including a fibrous reinforcement consisting of randomly-oriented short fibres, the reinforcement being densified by a ceramic matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a guide vane assembly for a turbomachine, comprising a guide vane, which has a guide vane airfoil; and a guide vane holder. The guide vane is mounted in the guide vane holder such that the guide vane can be moved about an axis of rotation. For this purpose, the guide vane has at least one axle element, which is inserted into the guide vane holder in such a way that an outer lateral surface of the axle element faces an inner lateral surface of the guide vane holder. A protective coating is applied to at least parts of the guide vane airfoil. A protective coating is applied to at least one of the lateral surfaces. The invention also relates to a compressor module, a turbomachine, and a method for producing a guide vane assembly.

Abstract: One of spacing between the base-side first tooth and the base-side second tooth or spacing between the base-side second tooth and the base-side third tooth is greater than spacing between the tip-side first tooth and the tip-side second tooth.

Abstract: A fan includes a hub and a plurality of fan blades. The hub has an axle center. The fan blades are disposed around the hub. Each of the fan blades has a bent portion, and the bent portions of the fan blades are extended along a surrounding direction surrounding the axle center. The hub is welded with the bent portion of each of the fan blades along the surrounding direction. As a result, the number of fan blades is maximized, the strength is simultaneously ensured to be enough, and the advantages of effectively enhancing the fan characteristics are achieved.

Abstract: A steam turbine including a rotor shaft, a plurality of moving blade rows, a casing, and fixed blade rows disposed on a first side in the axial direction, relative to each of the plurality of moving blade rows. The last fixed blade row, disposed furthest on a second side in the axial direction among the plurality of moving blade rows, includes a plurality of fixed blades disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction and each extending in the radial direction; an outside ring having an annular shape and being disposed on the outside, in the radial direction, of the plurality of fixed blades; and an inside ring having an annular shape and being disposed on the inside, in the radial direction, of the plurality of fixed blades.

Abstract: A cooling system for a plurality of conductive cables in a gas turbine engine includes a cooling source and an electric motor disposed in a tail cone. The cooling source may comprise an electric fan or an oil pump. The cooling source may be configured for active cooling of the plurality of conductive cables. The electric fan may be in fluid communication with ambient air during operation of the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A seal assembly includes a carbon seal that has a sealing surface. A seal seat has a sealing surface and is positioned for rotation relative to the carbon seal. A diamond-like carbon coating at least partially forms the sealing surface on the seal seat.

Abstract: A representative seal system (such as a seal system for a turbopump of a rocket engine) automatically adjusts a balance ratio of a seal. The system can include a ring element encircling an axis. A front side of the ring element contacts a revolving surface to form a seal with the revolving surface. The front side can include a stepped surface having two or more steps. Each step includes a sealing surface configured to contact the revolving surface to form a sealing area that is different from a sealing area of each other sealing surface. Each step is positioned and configured to wear away during operation of the machine to expose an underlying surface to the revolving surface, to change the sealing area and the balance ratio of the seal. A representative method of operating a turbomachinery system includes changing the balance ratio of a seal while rotating a rotor.

Abstract: An advanced passive clearance control (APCC) control ring is provided. The APCC control ring includes first and second cover sections, first and second wall sections and a control ring. At least one of the first and second cover sections is bonded to corresponding edges of the first and second wall sections by field assisted sintering technology (FAST) processing along a bond surface to form an enclosure for the control ring.

Abstract: A first turboexpander generator defines a portion of a first conduit flow passage. The first turboexpander generator is configured to decrease a temperature or pressure of a process stream flowing through the first turboexpander generator by generating electrical power from the process stream. A second turboexpander generator defines a portion of a second conduit flow passage. The second turboexpander generator is configured to decrease a temperature or pressure of a process stream flowing through the second turboexpander generator by generating electrical power from the process stream. The first and second conduit flow passages are arranged to carry fluid flow in parallel to one another. The first and the second turboexpander generator are substantially identical in critical dimensions and performance.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing system is disclosed as including a singular mobile platform of at least one mobile power unit (MPU) and at least one first switch gear that is configured to handle electric power from the MPU. The MPU is configured to generate voltage that matches the capabilities of an electrical bus from the at least one switch gear such that a combined electrical current generated as a result of the generated voltage and required load is provided to the electrical bus to the components of the hydraulic fracturing system. Further, the hydraulic fracturing system may include electrical fracturing equipment with at least one second switch gear to support the at least one first switch gear in handling electric power from the MPU. A datavan may be included in the system to control load shedding, load sharing, and power distribution for the electrical fracturing equipment comprising the at least one second switch gear.

Abstract: Disclosed is a turbogenerator, in particular for an electrically-driven rotary wing aircraft, comprising a gas generator equipped with a first shaft, at least one reversible electrical machine, and a free turbine provided with a second shaft and caused to rotate by a gas flow generated by the gas generator. The second shaft is coupled to the at least one electrical machine during all phases of operation of the turbomachine, and the turbomachine further comprises a single mechanical coupling means for coupling the first mechanical shaft to the second mechanical shaft when the electrical machine is operating in motor mode and mechanically uncoupling the first mechanical shaft from the second mechanical shaft when the electrical machine is operating in generator mode.

Abstract: A turbomachine, particularly for a rotary-wing aircraft, including a gas generator provided with a rotary shaft, a first reversible electric machine, a power turbine rotationally driven by a stream of gas generated by the gas generator, at least one accessory from among an oil pump and a fuel pump, an accessory gearbox comprising a gear train configured to drive said at least one accessory, and a second electric machine. The second electric machine is reversible, said first electric machine is mechanically coupled to the gas generator, the accessory gearbox and the second electric machine are mechanically coupled to the power turbine, and the turbomachine is devoid of any kinematic coupling between the gear train of the accessory gearbox and the shaft of the gas generator.

Abstract: A gas turbine is provided, the gas turbine engine including a turbomachine having an inlet splitter defining in part an inlet to a working gas flowpath and a fan duct splitter defining in part an inlet to a fan duct flowpath. The gas turbine engine also includes a primary fan driven by the turbomachine defining a primary fan tip radius R1, a primary fan hub radius R2, and a primary fan specific thrust rating TP; and a secondary fan downstream of the primary fan and driven by the turbomachine, the secondary fan defining a secondary fan tip radius R3, a secondary fan hub radius R4, and a secondary fan specific thrust rating TS; wherein the gas turbine engine defines an Effective Bypass Area, and wherein a ratio of R1 to R3 equals R 1 R 3 = ( E ? F ? P ) ? ( 1 - RqR Sec . - Fan 2 ) ( 1 - RqR Prim . - Fan 2 ) ? ( T P T S ) ? ( E ? B ? A ) .

Abstract: A method for calibrating a position sensor of a variable vane assembly for a gas turbine engine includes positioning an actuator member in at least one predetermined position, determining a first measured position of the actuator member in the at least one predetermined position with a first channel of a position sensor, determining a second measured position of the actuator member in the at least one predetermined position with a second channel of a position sensor, determining a measured position difference between the first measured position and the second measured position, and calibrating the second channel of the position sensor by adjusting the second measured position by the measured position difference to determine a second calibrated position.

Abstract: A turbofan engine is provided. The turbofan engine includes a fan comprising a plurality of fan blades; and a nacelle that circumferentially surrounds the fan, the nacelle comprising an annular wall having an exterior surface and an interior surface, the exterior surface comprising a first exterior portion, and the interior surface comprising a first interior portion, wherein a first exterior portion is formed of a first structure defining an exterior surface porosity, and wherein a first interior portion is formed of a second structure defining an interior surface porosity.

Abstract: A vane system includes a plurality of vane assemblies and a continuous support ring. The vane assemblies are arranged circumferentially about an axis and each include a hollow airfoil fairing and a spar. The spar has a spar flange and a spar leg extending radially inwardly from the spar flange and through the hollow airfoil fairing. The continuous support ring has radially inner and outer sides and defines a circumferential row of through-holes between the radially inner and outer sides. The spar legs extend through the through-holes and the spar flanges are affixed at the radially outer side of the continuous support ring.

Abstract: An energy storage system (TES) converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000° C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. The delivered heat which may be used for processes including power generation and cogeneration. In one application, the energy storage system provides higher-temperature heat to a solid oxide electrolysis system to maintain in an electrolysis operating temperature range during operation and nonoperation, thereby increasing the efficiency of the temperature control.

Abstract: A device for receiving, storing and releasing thermal energy, the device comprising a thermally insulated enclosure defining a cavity; at least one thermal energy storage material disposed within said cavity; at least one energy source configured for charging said thermal energy storage material with thermal energy; and a thermal energy converter configured for receiving thermal energy from said thermal energy storage material; wherein said thermally insulated enclosure comprises an inner wall, an outer wall and a substantially gas-tight interior void delimited by the inner wall and the outer wall, and wherein the outer wall comprises at least one flow regulator in fluid communication with the interior void and configured to supply and remove working fluids to and from the inner void.

Abstract: Device for expanding a fluid, which device (1) comprises an inlet (2) for a high pressure fluid, an outlet (3) for a low pressure fluid, and a control valve (4) between the aforementioned inlet (2) and outlet (3) for expanding the fluid to a predefined pressure level, characterized in that the device (1) is further provided with one or more expanders (5) for expanding the fluid, of which one or more expanders (5) are connected in parallel with the control valve (4), whereby the device (1) is provided with a controller (8) configured to control the expanders (5) based on a flow rate (Qklep) of the fluid through the control valve (4).

Abstract: At least one aspect of the technology provides a self-contained processing facility configured to convert organic, high water-content waste, such as fecal sludge and garbage, into electricity while also generating and collecting potable water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sliding-cam camshaft assembly for an internal combustion engine, comprising at least a first sliding-cam camshaft with a longitudinal axis and a second sliding-cam camshaft with a longitudinal axis. The first sliding-cam camshaft comprises a support shaft and at least one sliding cam. The sliding-cam comprises a first cam and at least one second cam, and a shift gate. The second sliding-cam camshaft comprises a support shaft and at least one sliding cam. The sliding cam comprises a first cam and at least one second cam, and a shift gate. The first sliding-cam camshaft and the second sliding-cam camshaft are arranged parallel to one another. A transmission means for transmitting the switching state of the sliding-cam of the first sliding-cam camshaft to the sliding-cam of the second sliding-cam camshaft is arranged between the first sliding-cam camshaft and the second sliding-cam camshaft.

Abstract: There is provided a variable valve device provided in a cylinder head and capable of changing a valve lift amount, including: a camshaft on which a plurality of cams with different valve lift amounts are formed; a switching mechanism configured to switch a cam for moving a valve among the plurality of cams; and an oil control valve configured to control an oil pressure for the switching mechanism. Oil starts to be supplied from the oil control valve to the switching mechanism at an end timing of a valve lift or in a zero range in which no valve lift occurs.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine comprises a first oiling system and a second oiling system. The first oiling system includes a low-pressure pump that distributes oil from a first oil tank to the two-stroke engine. The second oiling system includes a pump mechanically coupled to a crankshaft of the two-stroke engine, wherein the pump distributes oil from a second oil tank to an accessory at a pressure greater than the first oil pressure, wherein oil distributed to the accessory is returned to the second oil tank.

Abstract: A heater for an exhaust system that includes a housing having a connector coupled to the exterior thereof, a first terminal and a second terminal that are each disposed to the interior of the housing and electrically coupled to the connector, a heating element coupled to the first and second terminals, a heating wire coupled to the first and second terminals, and a plurality of heating rods inserted into the heating element to conduct heat from the heating wire throughout the heating element, wherein the connector receives power from an external power supply to supply electrical current to the heating element and the heating wire and wherein at least one of the heating rods supports the heating wire. The combination of elements are configured to heat and disrupt the flow of exhaust gases and aid in removing and/or reducing toxic gases and pollutants from the exhaust system.

Abstract: A urea removing apparatus has: a determining section that determines whether or not a urea aqueous solution is injected from an injection nozzle when control is performed to inject the urea aqueous solution from the injection nozzle into an exhaust pipe where exhaust gas of an engine flows; a supply control section that controls a pump that supplies the urea aqueous solution to the injection nozzle from a tank that stores the urea aqueous solution, and causes the urea aqueous solution to be supplied from the tank to the injection nozzle in a case that it is determined that the urea aqueous solution is not injected from the injection nozzle; and a temperature control section that performs control to raise the temperature of exhaust gas in a state where the urea aqueous solution supplied from the tank has been poured into the injection nozzle.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system includes in order: an intake for receiving an exhaust gas from a lean burn combustion engine; an injector for the provision of a nitrogenous reductant; a close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition; one or more downstream PGM-containing oxidation catalyst compositions, wherein the close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition includes cerium in a Ce:V molar ratio of greater than 0.3.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a DPF regeneration trigger control method and terminal device, and a storage medium. The method includes: setting an active trigger differential pressure and an initial trigger differential pressure; and controlling, according to a relationship between a differential pressure of the DPF collected in real time during a vehicle travelling process and and the active trigger differential pressure and a relationship between the differential pressure of the DPF and the initial trigger differential pressure, the vehicle to actively start DPF regeneration, to trigger passive DPF regeneration, or not to start DPF regeneration; otherwise, controlling the vehicle to actively start DPF regeneration. According to the disclosure, by setting a flexible trigger interval, there is a tolerance interval of differential pressure, so that fuel consumption of the diesel engine can be reduced, and the economy is improved.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device and a catalyst deterioration diagnostic method according to the present invention control the amount of fuel to be supplied to an internal combustion engine such that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust on the downstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst is alternately switched between rich and lean, measure the oxygen storage capability of the exhaust purification catalyst during a measurement period within a reversal period of the air-fuel ratio, and diagnose deterioration of the exhaust purification catalyst based on a measurement value of the oxygen storage capability. A time point at which the output of an exhaust sensor indicates that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust on the downstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst begins to change from a vicinity of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to rich or lean is set as the time of end of the measurement period.

Abstract: An exhaust discharge system is disclosed. The exhaust discharge system comprises an exhaust stack including a first conduit and a second conduit. The first conduit defines a first flow passageway and arranged around a first longitudinal axis. The first conduit including a skirt portion and a body portion disposed downstream of the skirt portion, and the skirt portion is oriented to slope outward from the body portion. The second conduit is disposed downstream of the first conduit. The second conduit defines a second flow passageway and is arranged around a second longitudinal axis, the second conduit includes a sidewall and an exit port, the exit port having an exit-port cross-section, wherein the exit-port cross-section is oblong in shape. The second longitudinal axis is disposed at an intersection angle to the first longitudinal axis, the intersection angle in a range of 125° to 150°. The exhaust stack is configured to convey treated exhaust from the skirt portion to the exit port.

Abstract: System, method, and apparatus for controlling circulation of fluid to, and evacuation of the fluid from, an external fluid circuit for heat transfer. A single control valve selectively stops the circulation of fluid from a supply passageway to an external fluid circuit and diverts fluid to a bypass passageway which creates a suction force at a venturi valve region therein. The venturi valve region includes a fluid jacket that encases at least a portion of the venturi valve region. A suction passageway couples the suction force of bypass passageway to either return passageway or supply passageway, for evacuating fluid from external fluid circuit. No more than a single suction passageway is required to be coupled to either supply passageway and/or return passageway. A return check valve disposed in return passageway prevents backflow of fluid through return passageway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two strokes per cycle Scotch Yoke engine that completes four power strokes per revolution per pair of pistons/cylinders by using both sides of each piston as a combustion chamber. This doubles the power to weight ratio over previous scotch yoke engines and quadruples the power to weight ratio over conventional 4 stroke cycle engines. The present invention is capable of operating in and withstanding the forces of either deflagration (subsonic) and pulse detonation (supersonic) cycles, and is capable of homogeneous charge compression ignition. The present invention can also be an internal/external combustion gas/steam hybrid. The present invention can operate under constant volume or constant pressure cycles as well as most thermal cycles of operation (EG the Otto and Diesel cycle). The present invention works best when using a modified Humphrey cycle to achieve homogeneous charge compression ignition pulse detonation engine using constant volume combustion.