Abstract: A method for producing a shaped body by sintering including steps of a. providing a starting material containing metal powder and/or ceramic powder, b. forming a green part from the starting material by shaping the starting material if it contains binder material or by introducing a binder material into a powder bed formed from the starting material, c. chemically debinding, and/or debinding by means of a solvent, the green part to obtain a brown part, d. thermally debinding the brown part, e. consolidating the brown part to give the shaped body by sintering. The brown part is treated after step c. and before step d. with a plasticizer that softens the binder material still present in the brown part. Before step d. and after the treatment with the plasticizer, the brown part is subjected to an isostatic pressing operation by contacting with a medium under an elevated pressure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an article on top of a base device with an additive manufacturing device, having a build plate, using an additive manufacturing process is provided. The method includes positioning the base device on the build plate and providing a cover layer on the build plate, wherein the cover layer has a recess for the base device. The method further include manufacturing the article on top of the base device.

Abstract: Techniques for modeling a droplet-based additive manufacturing process are disclosed. An example method includes obtaining training data, setting one or more hyperparameter values in a data-driven surrogate model architecture, and training, by a processing device, the surrogate model architecture on the training data to generate a trained surrogate model. The trained surrogate model is to be used in lieu of a physics-based model to make predictions about the results of an additive manufacturing process. The training data includes pairs of input data and output data, wherein the input data describes an initial state of a substrate and a molten droplet inside a moving subdomain prior to the molten droplet impacting the substrate and the output data describes a final state of the substrate inside that moving subdomain after the molten droplet has impacted the substrate and coalesced with previously deposited droplets making up the initial state of the substrate.

Abstract: A rapid material development process for a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBF AM) process generally utilizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to facilitate selection of a simulated parameter set, which can then be used in a design of experiments (DOE) to generate an orthogonal parameter space to predict an ideal parameter set. The orthogonal parameter space defined by the DOE can then be used to generate a multitude of reduced volume build samples using PBF AM with varying laser or electron beam parameters and/or feedstock chemistries. The reduced volume build samples are mechanically characterized using high throughput techniques and analyzed to provide an optimal parameter set for a 3D article or a validation sample, which provides an increased understanding of the parameters and their independent and confounding effects on defects and microstructure.

Abstract: Additive manufacturing methods and systems are disclosed including irradiation devices for an additive manufacturing machine for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects. The irradiation device includes a beam generation device configured to provide an energy beam travelling on a nominal beam path trajectory and an optical modulator comprising a reflective optic downstream from the beam generating device, wherein the optical modulator is configured to actuate the reflective optic to modify a position of the energy beam from the nominal beam path trajectory. The irradiation device further includes an optical scanner disposed downstream from the optical modulator, wherein the optical scanner is configured to translate the nominal beam path trajectory along a build plane of the additive manufacturing machine.

Abstract: This invention provides a semi-finished pipe used for forming a finished pipe by cutting performed by a lathe. The semi-finished pipe includes: a first layer for forming the finished pipe that remains even after cutting is performed by the lathe; and a second layer for a dummy use that does not remain after being cut by the lathe. According to the semi-finished pipe of the present invention, it is possible to provide the semi-finished pipe that is served for manufacturing a pipe having a small diameter (the finished pipe) using a lathe even when it is difficult for the lathe to perform cutting because of difficulty in grasping a pipe which is a target to be cut by a chucking jig due to a small outer diameter of the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cutting insert holder, having a central axis and at least one first receptacle for fastening a first cutting insert to the cutting insert holder, and having at least one second receptacle for fastening at least one second cutting insert to the cutting insert holder, wherein the first receptacle and the second receptacle are arranged offset from each other in the circumferential direction about the central axis, wherein the first receptacle and the second receptacle are configured and arranged in such a way that a first rake face associated with an active main cutting edge of a first cutting insert arranged in the first receptacle has a first orientation along the circumferential direction, wherein a second rake face associated with an active main cutting edge of a second cutting insert arranged in the second receptacle has a second orientation along the circumferential direction).

Abstract: A coated cutting tool including a substrate and a coating layer formed on the substrate, wherein the coating layer comprises an alternately laminated structure of a first layer and a second layer, the first layer contains a compound having a composition represented by (AlaMbTi1-a-b)N (M represents at least one of a Nb element and a Ta element, and 0.75?a?0.90 and 0.00<b?0.20 are satisfied), the second layer contains a compound having a composition represented by (AlcMdTi1-c-d)N (M represents at least one of a Nb element and a Ta element, and 0.75?c?0.90 and 0.00?d?0.20 are satisfied), at least one of a and c is 0.80 or more, and the average thickness of the alternately laminated structure is 0.5 ?m or more and 5.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: A transmission X-ray diffraction on a cross section of a boron nitride sintered body perpendicular to a first surface provides X-ray intensities at a top of a 111 diffraction peak of cubic boron nitride and X-ray intensities at a top of a 002 diffraction peak of compressed boron nitride, in a direction perpendicular to the first surface and a direction parallel to the first surface. A compressed boron nitride content value obtained from these X-ray intensities is greater than 0.002 and smaller than 0.01. A cubic orientation value is greater than 0.5, and a compressed boron nitride orientation value is greater than the cubic orientation value. An insert has a coating layer on at least a part of a surface of the boron nitride sintered body.

Abstract: A mechanism for the optimisation of a manual angular adjustment. The object of this invention concerns an assembly including: A fixed mount (1); A part (2) having at least one approximately circular face mounted on the fixed mount (1) so that the part (2) is mounted so as to be mobile in rotation around an axis approximately centred on the circular characterised in that the assembly also includes a device for the positional adjustment of the part in relation to the mount including at least: One first scale (4) in an area (5) linked to the fixed mount (1) positioned on at least one portion of the periphery of the mobile part (2), the first scale (4) being a measuring scale; One second scale (6) positioned on the circular face of the mobile part (2), the second scale (6) being a Vernier scale.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a main-shaft and holder combination, a holder, and a machine tool which prevent a hydraulic fluid from leaking when the holder is detached from the main shaft, in a configuration for feeding the hydraulic fluid from the main shaft to the holder. [Solution Means] A main shaft fluid passage A30 is provided at a center of a spindle 25 and a main shaft check valve A11 is attached, and a holder fluid passage A32 is provided at a center of a holder 22 and a holder check valve A17 is attached. At a main shaft cylinder 23 position away from the spindle 25, a main shaft fluid passage B11 and a holder fluid passage B48 are provided, and a main shaft check valve B39 and a holder check valve B40 are attached. When the holder 25 is attached to the spindle 25, the main shaft check valve A11 (B39) and the holder check valve A17 (B40) are connected.

Abstract: A power tool may include a motor, a controller configured to control operation of the motor, a drill assembly configured to control operation of a cutter with respect to a workpiece responsive to operation of the motor, and a liftoff protection assembly. The liftoff protection assembly may be configured to detect a trigger event associated with movement of the power tool relative to the workpiece, and initiate a protective action for the power tool responsive to the trigger event.

Abstract: A hole saw includes a substantially cylindrical body defining a cutting end and an axis of rotation. The hole saw also includes first and second apertures formed through the body and spaced from the cutting end such that a portion of the body extends between the cutting end and both the first and second apertures. The first and second apertures are both configured to receive a tool for removing work piece plugs from within the cylindrical body. The first aperture is axially spaced from the cutting end a first distance. The second aperture is axially spaced from the cutting end a second distance that is greater than the first distance. The first aperture and the second aperture are separated by a portion of the body.

Abstract: A reciprocating tool includes a reciprocation conversion mechanism disposed in a casing neck, a saw blade connected to the reciprocation conversion mechanism, a shoe, and a shoe adjustment mechanism. The shoe adjustment mechanism has a cover plate connected to the reciprocation conversion mechanism and a slide pin. The shoe has a support and a guide plate pivotably connected to the support. The guide plate is disposed between the cover plate and the reciprocation conversion mechanism. The guide plate has a slide groove parallel to a direction of reciprocation. The slide pin passes through the slide groove. In a locked position of the shoe adjustment mechanism the slide pin is engaged in the slide groove and the guide plate is locked by the slide pin. In an unlocked position the slide pin is disengaged from the slide groove and the guide plate is slidable in the direction of reciprocation.

Abstract: A hacksaw frame includes a beam, a front handle, a rear handle, and a blade. The beam includes a front rectilinear section, a rear rectilinear section, and an intermediate rectilinear section raised from the front and rear rectilinear sections so that there is a distance between a lower edge of the intermediate rectilinear section and a base line of the beam that passes through lower edges of the front and rear rectilinear sections. The front handle is connected to the front rectilinear section of the beam. The rear handle is connected to the rear rectilinear section of the beam. The blade includes a front section connected to the front handle and a rear section connected to the rear handle. The intermediate rectilinear section of the beam increases a distance between a lower edge of the beam and an upper edge of the blade.

Abstract: A saw blade includes an elongated blade body having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a cutting edge portion. An exposed first tool holder portion is coupled to the first end portion and is configured to removably mount the blade body in a blade holder of a powered saw. An unexposed second tool holder portion is defined by a first score in the blade body between the first end portion and the second end portion. The first score is configured so that the second tool holder portion can be exposed by breaking off a first removable portion of the blade body at the first score. The second tool holder portion is configured to removably mount the blade body in a blade holder of a powered saw when the second tool holder portion is exposed.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method includes dividing a three-dimensional model shape into a plurality of layers, and dividing each divided layer into a plurality of bead models. A trapezoidal bead model has four vertices. The dividing into the plurality of bead models includes, in the same layer, the bead model for a previously formed weld bead and the bead model for a subsequently formed weld bead that is adjacent to the previously formed weld bead are arranged to have an overlapping portion, and among four vertices of the bead model for the subsequently formed weld bead, selecting as a selected vertex the vertex positioned at an end of the bottom line of the bead model, the end being away from the overlapping portion, and rotating the other three vertices about the selected vertex to change a shape of the trapezoidal bead model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wire arc additive manufacturing systems that print in horizontal orientations are described. Horizontal WAAM 3D print systems comprise metal 3D print systems in a horizontal orientation with one or more robots operating concurrently on a work piece using one or more wire feeds and a rotating, horizontal build plate.

Abstract: A remotely operable welding machine controller device for controlling a power output of an arc welding machine includes a housing and a remote control. A potentiometer and a power supply are attached to the housing. A motor is operationally engaged to a slider of the potentiometer and is positioned to selectively motivate the slider along turns of a resistance wire of the potentiometer to adjust a magnitude of current in a circuit in which the resistance wire is included. A power cord is attached to and extends from the housing. The power cord is electrically engaged to the potentiometer and operationally engages the potentiometer to a source of alternating current. The power supply is operationally engaged to the motor to selectively power the motor. The remote control is communicatively engaged to the motor is manipulatable by a user to selectively actuate the motor.

Abstract: Disclosed example weld tracking system include a plurality of tracking anchors, each of the tracking anchors configured to: transmit a triggering signal, and transmit a response signal, or receive a response signal from a tracking tag; a welding device having the tracking tag attached to the welding device, the tracking tag configured to receive the triggering signal and receive the response signal, or receive the triggering signal and transmit the response signal in response to receiving the triggering signal; and a processing system configured to determine a distance between the tracking anchor and the tracking tag based on a time between the response signal being received and the triggering signal being sent or received, and determine a location of the welding device based on predetermined locations of the plurality of tracking anchors, and based on determined distances between the at least one tracking tag on the welding device and corresponding ones of the plurality of tracking anchors.

Abstract: Submerged arc welding torches and systems to resistively preheat electrode wire are disclosed. A disclosed example submerged arc welding torch includes: a first contact tip configured to transfer weld current and preheating current to the wire; a second contact tip configured to conduct the preheating current to the wire; an air-cooled first conductive body portion configured to receive the weld current and to conduct the weld current and the preheating current to the first contact tip; an air-cooled second conductive body portion configured to receive the preheating current and to conduct the preheating current to the second contact tip; and an insulator coupled between the first and second conductive body portions.

Abstract: A nozzle stock (3) for a torch neck (10) of a welding device has an internal cavity (7) and at least one gas-outlet opening (8), which is in fluidic connection with the gas outlet (2) of a gas nozzle (1). A nozzle-stock insert (20) in the internal cavity (7) of the nozzle stock (3) has a front end (23) and a rear end (24), wherein the outer wall (22) of the nozzle-stock insert (20) is at a distance from the inner wall (9) of the nozzle stock (3), at least in some regions, to form a flow space (11) that is in fluidic connection with the gas-outlet opening (8) of the nozzle stock (3). A front and/or rear inflow region, which is formed by a front and/or rear gap (25, 26), is provided at the front end (23) and/or at the rear end (24) of the nozzle-stock insert (20).

Abstract: A method for joining different kinds of metal materials includes: preparing a rivet, a plurality of metal members, and a first electrode and a second electrode, each having shanks and electrode portions provided at the tips of the shanks; sandwiching the rivet and the plurality of metal members between a first electrode and a second electrode; and embedding the rivet into the metal member by pressurization and energization using the first electrode and the second electrode. The preparation step includes preparing, as the first electrode and the second electrode, two electrodes that satisfy a condition in which each of electrical resistance values of the first and second electrodes is lower than or equal to a sum of an electrical resistance value of the plurality of metal members to be joined and an electrical resistance value of the rivet.

Abstract: A tip case (3) stores a plurality of contact tips (10) linearly aligned in a horizontal direction and each having a tip end facing downward. A reciprocator (5) reciprocates the tip case (3) in a direction in which the plurality of contact tips (10) are aligned to move the tip case (3) into or out of a tip supplying space (S2). A tip ejector (6) ejects a contact tip (10) of the plurality of contact tips (10) upward from the tip case (3) moved into the tip supplying space (2). A holder-rotator (4) screws the contact tip (10) ejected by the tip ejector (6) into a torch body (11) or detaches the contact tip (10) from the torch body (11).

Abstract: A heat transmitting device is provided, including a main body and an integrating portion. The main body has at least one opening. The integrating portion is used to seal the opening, and has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. A first welding pattern is formed on the first surface, a second welding pattern is formed on the second surface, and the position of the first welding pattern corresponds to that of the second welding pattern. The type of the first welding pattern and the type of the second welding pattern are asymmetric.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatus for bonding metals. In an example, a provided method includes (i) disposing a layer of Vanadium onto a first Titanium surface of a first tangible object, (ii) placing a second Titanium surface of a second tangible object in direct contact with the layer of Vanadium, and (iii) imparting, using a sonotrode, compressive and shear forces to the first Titanium surface, the layer of Vanadium, and the second Titanium surface, to cause plastic deformation that bonds the first Titanium surface to the second Titanium surface.

Abstract: A method for controlling surface asperity during laser sealing of a membrane vent hole. The method includes applying a laser pulse having a laser intensity spatial distribution to the membrane vent hole to form a seal over the membrane vent hole. The seal has a seal surface. The laser pulse includes a primary laser pulse region and a secondary laser pulse region beginning once the primary laser pulse region ends. The primary laser pulse region has a primary laser power, and the secondary laser pulse region has a secondary laser power. The secondary laser power is less than the primary laser power. The seal surface has a controlled surface asperity characteristic.

Abstract: A laser-processing apparatus can carry out a process to form a via in a workpiece, having a first material formed on a second material, by directing laser energy onto the workpiece such that the laser energy is incident upon the first material, wherein the laser energy has a wavelength to which the first material is more reflective than the second material. The apparatus can include a back-reflection sensing system operative to capture a back-reflection signal corresponding to a portion of laser energy directed to the workpiece and reflected by the first material and generate a sensor signal based on the captured back-reflection signal; and a controller communicatively coupled to an output of the back-reflection sensing system, wherein the controller is operative to control a remainder of the process by which the via is formed based on the sensor signal.

Abstract: A laser beam annealing apparatus includes a laser generator which generates a first incident laser beam and a second incident laser beam, a beam mixer arranged on optical paths of the first incident laser beam and the second incident laser beam and including an inversion module which vertically and horizontally inverts an image of a laser beam, a homogenizer arranged on an optical path of a laser beam having passed through the beam mixer, and a condenser lens arranged on an optical path of a laser beam having passed through the homogenizer. The laser beam having passed through the beam mixer includes a first mixed beam in which an image is not inverted and a second mixed beam in which an image is vertically and horizontally inverted.

Abstract: An apparatus for laser machining a workpiece in a machining plane includes a first laser machining unit for forming a first focal zone which extends in a first main direction of extent, and at least one further laser machining unit for forming at least one further focal zone which extends in a further main direction of extent oriented transversely to the first main direction of extent. The first focal zone and the at least one further focal zone are spaced apart from one another parallel to the machining plane at a work distance. The first laser machining unit and the at least one further laser machining unit are movable in an advancement direction that is oriented parallel to the machining plane. The workpiece comprises a material that is transparent to a laser beam which respectively forms the first focal zone and the at least one further focal zone.

Abstract: A method for controlling surface asperity during laser sealing of a membrane vent hole. The method includes applying a laser having a laser intensity spatial distribution to the membrane vent hole to form a seal over the membrane vent hole. The seal has a seal surface. The laser pulse includes a primary laser pulse region and a secondary pulse region later in time than the primary laser pulse region, and a time gap between the primary laser pulse region and the secondary laser pulse region. The primary laser pulse region and/or the secondary pulse region include first and second discontinuous laser pulses having a first time gap therebetween and/or third and fourth discontinuous laser pulses having a second time gap therebetween. The seal surface has a controlled surface asperity characteristic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for laser welding conductor wires (5, 7), in particular conductor wires (5, 7) arranged in slots (2) of a core (3) of a dynamo electric machine, such as a stator core, to form a winding and a device (35) for laser GC welding conductor wires (5, 7). A first end (4) of a first conductor wire (5) and a second end (6) of a second conductor wire (7) are arranged adjacent to each other. A laser beam is applied to a first end surface (8) of the first conductor wire (5) and a second end surface (10) of the second conductor wire (7) to weld together the first end (4) of the first conductor wire (5) and the second end (6) of the en second conductor wire (7). The first end surface (8) and the second end surface (10) point upwards, preferable the first end surface (8) and the second end surface (10) are axial end surfaces. A laser beam (31) is applied in a first substantially closed path (21) within the first end surface (8) to form a first molten pool (25).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, apparatuses, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium. The disclosure delineates real time manipulation of three-dimensional printing to reduce deformation. The present disclosure further provides 3D object formed using the methods, apparatuses, and systems.

Abstract: Process for protecting a part comprising an aluminum-based alloy having a copper content greater than or equal to 0.5% by mass, the process comprising depositing a non-conductive protective layer over the entire part, laser pickling by means of a laser beam of an area of the non-conductive protective layer so as to form an unprotected area, chemical conversion, with trivalent chromium, of the unprotected area so as to form a conductive protective layer, and drying of the part.

Abstract: An apparatus for laser machining a workpiece with a material transparent to the laser machining includes a first beam shaping device with a beam splitting element for splitting a first input beam into a plurality of component beams, and a focusing optical unit configured to image the plurality of component beams into at least one focal zone. The first input beam is split by the beam splitting element by phase imposition on the first input beam. The component beams are focused into different partial regions of the at least one focal zone for forming the at least one focal zone. The at least one focal zone is introduced by the focusing optical unit into the material for laser machining the workpiece. Material modifications associated with a crack formation in the material are produced in the material by exposing the material to the at least one focal zone.

Abstract: A position detection apparatus for a seam portion and a heating portion of a welded steel pipe, the position detection apparatus includes: a light source configured to irradiate the seam portion and the heating portion with light in a first wavelength range; an imaging unit having a plurality of different channels and configured to capture an image of each of the seam portion and the heating portion irradiated with the light by the light source; and an image processing unit configured to process the image captured by the imaging unit and to detect the position of each of the seam portion and the heating portion, wherein the imaging unit includes: a first channel capable of receiving the light in the first wavelength range; and a second channel capable of receiving light in a second wavelength range corresponding to radiation light from the heating portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a copper-phosphorus-zinc-tin brazing sheet and a preparation method and use thereof. The copper-phosphorus-zinc-tin brazing sheet includes a copper core layer, CuP alloy layers respectively arranged on two sides of the copper core layer, and at least two SnZn alloy layers respectively arranged on the other sides of the two CuP alloy layers away from the copper core layer.

Abstract: A welding wire is disclosed including a ferrous metal welding material and a flux material including flux ingredients. The flux ingredients include, in weight percent based on the total weight of the welding wire: no greater than 1.91 aluminum, no greater than 1.02 manganese, less than 1.50 magnesium, and no greater than 0.02 rare earth metal oxide, where the rare earth metal oxide comprises at least 99 wt % cerium oxide based upon total weight of rare earth metal oxide. Resulting welds have a maximum diffusible hydrogen content of 5 mL/100 g or less. Resulting welds also have a Charpy V-notch toughness at ?40° F. of at least 100 ft-lbs (135.6 Joules).

Abstract: The present application relates to a welding press head tool and a welding device. The welding press head tool includes at least one press head assembly, each including: a press plate provided with a first through hole penetrating the press plate in a first direction; a press head movably connected to one side of the press plate in the first direction and capable of having a first gap with the press plate when the press head moves relative to the press plate, where the press head has a second through hole penetrating the press head in the first direction, and the first through hole and the second through hole are in communication to jointly define a welding channel for providing a welding space; and at least two groups of blocking assemblies arranged between the press plate and the press head.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a turbomachine compressor blade, comprising the following steps:—installing primary pins (26) comprising a material other than a titanium-based alloy in primary bores (20) of a core, the primary bores forming at least one polygon, and installing a secondary pin made of titanium-based alloy in a secondary bore of the core;—producing a stack (2) of a suction-face sheet (4), a core (14) and a pressure-face sheet (6);—compacting the stack;—removing the primary pins (26) from the primary bores (20);—removing the secondary pin from the secondary bore; and—taking the core (14) away from the stack.

Abstract: A cutter bending angle detection device includes: a positioning member configured to position a straight segment of a cutter for facilitating the measurement of an angle between the straight segment and a bent segment of the cutter; a detection assembly, where a head end of the detection assembly is fixed to and rotatable with a rotating shaft of a servo motor, and the detection assembly is rotatable to contact with a wall surface of the bent segment; and a lifting device, where the positioning member and the detection assembly are provided on a lifting base of the lifting device and driven by the lifting device to rise or lower. A cutter bending machine and a cutter bending angle detection method are provided. The cutter bending angle device can quickly and accurately detect whether a bending angle of the cutter is satisfactory, and feed an error of compensation accuracy.

Abstract: A spindle device includes: a rotation shaft; a bearing housing having a cylindrical shape extending in a direction of a center axis of the rotation shaft; a bearing attached to an inner peripheral surface of the bearing housing and rotatably supporting the rotation shaft; and a first elastic member. A first flow path and a second flow path are formed inside the bearing housing, each of the first flow path and the second flow path extending in a direction of a center axis of the bearing housing. A first groove is formed in an outer peripheral surface of the bearing housing, the first groove extending in a peripheral direction of the bearing housing, the first groove being connected to the first flow path and the second flow path. The first elastic member closes an opening of the first groove.

Abstract: The present invention includes two guide rails (15, 16) arranged in parallel in a feeding direction, sliders (17, 19, 21, 23) arranged on the guide rails (15, 16), a movable carriage (3) mounted on the sliders (17, 19, 21, 23) and moved in the feeding direction, and a drive mechanism (11) moving the movable carriage (3). The present invention further includes a scale arranged along the feeding direction on the guide rails (15, 16), read heads (18, 20, 22, 24) respectively arranged on the sliders (17, 19, 21, 23) and detecting a position in the feeding direction and a position in a direction orthogonal to the feeding direction by reading information given to the scale, and a motion error calculator (70) calculating a motion error of the movable carriage (3) based on position information in two directions detected by the read heads (18, 20, 22, 24).

Abstract: A manufacturing device (100) for a dental restoration (200), including a tool (101) for machining a blank (201); a detector (103) for detecting a spindle current of a turning spindle (117); and a calculator (105) for calculating wear of the tool (101) based on the spindle current.

Abstract: A machine tool includes an input interface configured to receive an instruction, an actuator configured to actuate, control circuitry configured to control an actuation of the actuator based on the instruction, a component having a physical state to be affected by the actuation, a sensor configured to detect the physical state, and a computer connected to the control circuitry via an external communication interface.

Abstract: A wafer is ground by switching between a self-sharpening-accelerated grinding step and a self-sharpening-decelerated grinding step on the basis of a load current value of a spindle motor, a loading value of grindstones, and/or the distance that the grindstones are moved. Therefore, compared to grinding the wafer only in the self-sharpening-accelerated grinding step, abrasive grains dislodged from the grindstones are reduced, and the amount of wear of the grindstones is restrained. In addition, compared to grinding the wafer only in the self-sharpening-decelerated grinding step, fluids supplied to the grindstones are saved, the time required to grind the wafer is shortened, and the processing quality of the wafer is increased. Consequently, undue wear on the grindstones is restrained while maintaining a desired level of quality of the ground surface of the wafer, resulting in a reduction in the frequency at which a grinding wheel including the grindstones is replaced.

Abstract: To reduce wasteful power consumption and noise generation, a control circuit drives a motor in response to a switch being turned on after a handle detector detects attachment of an auxiliary handle and a handle gripping detector detects gripping of the auxiliary handle, controls the motor to rotate at a predetermined first rotational speed in response to the switch being turned on with the attachment and the gripping of the auxiliary handle being detected, and controls the motor to rotate at a second rotational speed lower than the first rotational speed in response to a state of a load on a tip tool being unchanged for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: To provide a technique that allows accurately measuring a polishing state of a substrate. A polishing apparatus 100 includes: a sensor head 40 that includes a projector configured to project incident light, a condenser configured to condense the incident light projected from the projector and cause the incident light to be incident on a substrate Wf, and an optical receiver configured to receive reflected light reflected by the substrate; a displacement mechanism 60 configured to relatively displace the condenser with respect to the substrate to change a distance between the condenser and the substrate; an abrade amount measurement device 70 configured to measure an abrade amount of a polishing pad 90; and a control device 80.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing system includes a support configured to hold a substrate face-up, a polishing article having a polishing surface smaller than an exposed surface of the substrate, a port for dispensing a polishing liquid, one or more actuators to bring the polishing surface into contact with a first portion of the exposed surface of the substrate and to generate relative motion between the substrate and the polishing pad and optically transmissive polymer window, an in-situ optical monitoring system, and a controller configured to receive a signal from the optical in-situ monitoring system and to modifying a polishing parameter based on the signal. The optical monitoring system includes a light source and a detector, the in-situ optical monitoring system configured to direct a light beam from above the support to impinge a non-overlapping second portion of the exposed surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A slurry blending tool may include a blending tank to receive and blend one or more materials into a slurry, and at least one inlet pipe connected to the blending tank and to provide the one or more materials to the blending tank. The at least one inlet pipe may vertically enter the blending tank and may not contact the blending tank. The slurry blending tool may include a blending pump partially provided within the blending tank and to blend the one or more materials into the slurry. The slurry blending tool may include an outlet pipe connected to the blending pump and to remove the slurry from the blending tank.