Abstract: Components of articles that include an optical element that imparts structural color to the component are provided. Methods of making the components including the optical element, and methods of using the components such as to make an article of manufacture are provided.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles of manufacture and components of articles that incorporate an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or the article. The component comprises a cured or curable material, and can include or be made to have a textured surface.

Abstract: A window for a display device includes a cover glass including a flat portion and a curved portion adjacent to the flat portion, a decorative film which is disposed on the cover glass and in which a plurality of holes overlapping the curved portion is defined, and a printing layer disposed on the decorative film and covering the plurality of holes.

Abstract: Provided is a camera optical lens, which includes, from an object side to an image side, first to seventh lenses. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 0.50?f1/f?0.80; 1.50?f6/f7?5.00; and 1.20?d4/d5?2.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, f6 denotes a focal length of the sixth lens, f7 denotes a focal length of the seventh lens, d4 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the second lens to an object side surface of the third lens, and d5 denotes an on-axis thickness of the third lens. The camera optical lens according to the present disclosure can achieve high optical performance while satisfying design requirements for ultra-thin, long-focal-length lenses having large apertures.

Abstract: A camera optical lens is provided, including from an object side to an image side: a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having negative refractive power; a third lens having positive refractive power; a fourth lens having negative refractive power; a fifth lens having positive refractive power; a sixth lens having negative refractive power; a seventh lens having positive refractive power; an eighth lens having positive refractive power; and a ninth lens having negative refractive power, wherein the camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 2.20?f1/f?5.00; and 3.00?d13/d14?15.00. The above camera optical lens can meet design requirements for large aperture, wide angle and ultra-thinness, while maintaining good imaging quality.

Abstract: A camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power, and satisfies: 1.20?f2/f1?7.00; 1.50?R6/R5?5.00; and 1.20?d5/d6?2.00, where f1 and f2 respectively denote focal lengths of the first and second lenses; R5 and R6 respectively denote central curvature radii of object side and image side surfaces of the third lens; d5 denotes an on-axis thickness of the third lens; and d6 denotes an on-axis distance from the image side surface of the third lens to an object side surface of the fourth lens, thereby achieving good optical performance while satisfying design requirements for ultra-thinness, a wide angle and a large aperture.

Abstract: A camera optical lens is provided. The camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 0.70?f1/f?1.90; and 2.00?d5/d6?9.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, d5 denotes an on-axis thickness of the third lens, and d6 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the third lens to an object side surface of the fourth lens. The camera optical lens according to the present disclosure meets design requirements for large aperture, wide angle and ultra-thinness while achieving good optical performance.

Abstract: A camera optical lens is provided, including from an object side to an image side: a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having negative refractive power; a third lens having positive refractive power; a fourth lens having positive refractive power; and a fifth lens having negative refractive power. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 0.85?f1/f?1.10; ?3.00?f2/f??1.50; ?50.00?(R5+R6)/(R5?R6)??5.00; 1.50?R7/R8?3.50; and 0.70?d7/d8?1.20. The above camera optical lens may meet design requirements for large aperture, wide angle and ultra-thinness, while maintaining a high imaging quality.

Abstract: A camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens having a positive refractive power; a second lens having a positive refractive power; a third lens; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power, and satisfies: 2.10?f1/f?4.00; 1.00?d4/d6?3.00; 0.20?d8/d9?0.90, and where f and f1 respectively denote focal lengths of the camera optical lens and the first lens; d4 denotes an on-axis distance between the second lens and the third lens; d6 denotes an on-axis distance between the third lens and the fourth lens; d8 denotes an on-axis distance between the fourth lens and the fifth lens; and d9 denotes an on-axis thickness of the fifth lens, thereby achieving good optical performance while satisfying design requirements for ultra-thinness, a wide angle and a large aperture.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a camera optical lens, which includes, from an object-side to an-image side: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens and an eight lens, which satisfies following conditions: 0.95?f/TTL; ?3.50?f2/f??1.80; and 2.50?(R5+R6)/(R5?R6)?20.00; where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens; f2 denotes a focal length of the second lens; TTL denotes a total optical length from an object-side surface of the first lens to an image surface of the camera optical lens along an optic axis; R5 denotes a curvature radius of an object-side surface of the third lens; and R6 denotes a curvature radius of an image-side surface of the third lens. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while meeting the design requirement for large aperture, long focal length and ultra-thinness.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to optical lens, and provides a camera optical lens including from an object side to an image side in sequence: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens; wherein the camera optical lens satisfies the following conditions: 0.95?f/TTL; ?4.00?f2/f??1.90; and 0.25?(R15+R16)/(R15?R16)?0.90. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while meeting design requirements for a long focal length and ultra-thinness.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a camera optical lens including, from an object side to an image side in sequence: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens; and the camera optical lens satisfies conditions of: 0.95?f/TTL; 3.20?f2/f?5.00; and 0.20?(R11+R12)/(R11?R12)?0.90. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while meeting the design requirements for long focal length and ultra-thinness.

Abstract: A camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens having a positive refractive power and a sixth lens having a negative refractive power. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 0.25?d10/TTL?0.50 and 0.55?f1/f?1.00, here f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, d10 denotes an on-axis thickness from an image-side surface of the fifth lens to an object-side surface of the sixth lens, and TTL denotes a total optical length from an object-side surface of the first lens to an image surface of the camera optical lens along an optical axis. The camera optical lens has excellent optical performances such as a large aperture, a wide angle and ultra-thin etc..

Abstract: An imaging lens which uses a larger number of constituent lenses for higher performance and features compactness and a wide field of view. The imaging lens is composed of seven lenses to form an image of an object on a solid-state image sensor. The constituent lenses are arranged in the following order from an object side to an image side: a first lens with positive refractive power; a second lens with positive or negative refractive power; a third lens with negative refractive power; a fourth lens with positive or negative refractive power as a double-sided aspheric lens; a meniscus fifth lens having a convex surface on the image side; a sixth lens with positive or negative refractive power as a double-sided aspheric lens; and a seventh lens with negative refractive power, in which an air gap is provided between lenses.

Abstract: An optical system includes: a first lens having refractive power; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having refractive power and comprising an image-side surface which is convex in a paraxial region; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power and comprising an image-side surface which is concave in the paraxial region; a sixth lens having refractive power; and a stop disposed in front of an object-side surface of the first lens. The first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side. A radius of the stop SD and an overall focal length of the optical system f satisfy: 0.2<SD/f<0.6. An aberration improvement effect and high degrees of resolution and brightness may be obtained.

Abstract: A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element has negative refractive power. The sixth lens element has at least one of an object-side surface and an image-side surface being aspheric, wherein at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the sixth lens element comprises at least one inflection point. The seventh lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface being both aspheric.

Abstract: A lens including a first lens group including three positive singlets and an achromatic doublet for collecting all field rays received at the first lens group while making initial corrections of spherical and color aberrations, a second lens group including a near-symmetrical group including two positive meniscus elements and two negative meniscus elements, wherein the second lens group is configured to correct distortions, a third lens group including two positive lenses with an air gap disposed between the two positive lenses, wherein the third lens group is configured to correct field curvature and astigmatism and a fourth lens group including a triplet and a positive meniscus element, wherein the fourth lens group is configured to correct spherical, coma, axial color and lateral color aberrations, wherein the lens is disposed in an order of the first lens group, the second lens group, the third lens group and the fourth lens group.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system has, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a rear lens group. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, at least the rear lens group is moved toward the object side, and distances between the lens groups are varied. Upon focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object, the third lens group is moved along the optical axis. At least a portion of the rear lens group constitutes a vibration reduction lens group having negative refractive power and moveable perpendicular to the optical axis. An optical apparatus and a method of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A device for optically imaging at least a part of an object, the device having an optical axis and including a two-dimensional first array of first microlenses, having a first side intended to face the object, and a second side, opposite the first side, a two-dimensional second array of second microlenses, each first microlens being aligned with a second microlens on an axis parallel to the optical axis, wherein each first microlens comprises a first catoptric system, and preferably a first catadioptric system.

Abstract: A method of generating an image of a sample is provided. The method comprises providing a plurality of photon detectors, scanning the sample with an excitation beam over a predetermined time period, the detectors receiving photons emitted by the sample due to the excitation during the time period. A plurality of intensity images associated with each of the detectors are generated, each being proportional to the mean number of photons detected per unit time. A plurality of correlation images associated with each combination of two of the detectors are generated, each of the correlation images being proportional to the variance of the distribution of detected photons per unit time. The image of the sample is generated using joint sparse recovery from the plurality of intensity and correlation images, wherein the intensity and correlation images have common support.

Abstract: Light source device comprising a light source and an optical component, wherein the optical component comprises a receiving section for receiving light from the light source and an emitting section for emitting light, wherein the light source is a non-coherent light source and is adapted to emit light from a two-dimensional region and wherein the optical component is adapted to guide the light from the receiving section to the emitting section such that the light can be emitted in a one dimensional pattern at the emitting section.

Abstract: An image processing method includes: generating two images by performing two image enhancement processes for a microscopic image; and generating a corrected image obtained by compositing the two images, wherein the generating the two images includes generating a high-frequency enhanced image in which high-frequency components of the microscopic image are enhanced relative to low-frequency components of the microscopic image that have a lower frequency than the high-frequency components, and generating a microstructure enhanced image in which a microstructure in an observation sample included in the microscopic image is enhanced.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a goggle helmet mount, includes: a helmet block attachable to a helmet; a chassis including a battery pack case configured to house a battery, and being rotatably coupled to the helmet block such that the chassis is rotatably positionable in a lowered position and in a raised position; and an electrical path electrically coupled to the battery pack case.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing adaptive lighting controls for an endoscope with multiple light emitting elements such as distinct light fibers, or distinct distal light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. The amount of light delivered to the scene can be locally adjusted on a per-light basis to manage the dynamic range of the scene. For example highly reflective metallic tools many benefit from reduced light, while cavities may benefit from increased light projected into the lumen.

Abstract: A light beam shaping arrangement for a light microscope has a first and a second liquid crystal region or lifting micromirror region, each of which has a plurality of independently switchable liquid crystal elements or mirrors with which a phase of incident light is changeable in a settable manner, an input-/output-coupling polarization beam splitter, a polarization beam splitter arranged between the input-/output-coupling polarization beam splitter and the liquid crystal regions or lifting micromirror regions such that the polarization beam splitter separates the light coming from the input-/output-coupling polarization beam splitter in a polarization-dependent manner into a first partial beam.

Abstract: A micro-sized optical device may comprise a mirror suspended on a set of hinges that are mounted to the substrate and that are configured to tilt the mirror about an axis, wherein a hinge of the set of hinges is a two-layer structure with a pivot point that aligns with a mass center of the mirror; and a three-layer comb actuator structure associated with the hinge of the set of hinges, wherein the three-layer comb actuator structure includes a rotor comb actuator, a first stator comb actuator, and a second stator comb actuator.

Abstract: Target devices for characterizing terahertz imaging systems are provided. The target devices include a terahertz resolution pattern having spatially distributed resolution features and one or more prism assemblies configured to provide a variable contrast level within the resolution features when used with terahertz radiation. Each prism assembly includes first and second prisms arranged in a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) configuration.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments for a laser projection device configured to perform trajectory optimization. The device includes a power source configured to supply power to a power amplifier; a laser projector configured to emit a laser beam towards a surface of an object; a trajectory control module configured to calculate one or more parameters for a projection trajectory of the laser beam; a beam steering unit configured to control a direction of the laser beam; and wherein the power amplifier is operably coupled to the beam steering unit, wherein the output of the power amplifier is based at least in part on the calculated one or more parameters. Also provided are embodiments for a method of operating a laser projection device configured to perform trajectory optimization.

Abstract: A light-emitting (LED) fountain light with a self-cleaning lens includes a light body with a central hole, a light housing surrounding the light body, a nozzle provided in the light housing and located in the central hole, a central hole pressing ring sleeved in the central hole, LED light beads arranged between the central hole pressing ring and the light housing and sealed by a sealant, a driving mechanism provided between the nozzle and the central hole pressing ring, a cleaning mechanism provided on a surface of the light body to scrape off algae and other dirt, and a transmission mechanism provided between the driving mechanism and the cleaning mechanism. In the LED fountain light, scrapers are rotated forward and backward once to effectively clean the algae and other dirt on the surface of the LED fountain light.

Abstract: There is provided an exit pupil expander (EPE) for use in a diffractive display, the EPE comprising a plurality of diffractive zones on a waveguide and a plurality of non-diffractive zones between at least some of the diffractive zones.

Abstract: In one method, device data including an orientation of a targeting device is received in a computing system. Target coordinates of the targeting device as projected onto a field-of-view of a display device are then located based on the device data. Pursuant to locating the target coordinates within a predefined margin, a target graphic indicating the target coordinates is superposed onto the field-of-view. Pursuant to locating the target coordinates outside of the predefined margin, an off-target graphic is superposed onto the field-of-view and aligned to a display perimeter of the display device.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for determining a posture of a user, a host, and a computer readable medium. The method includes: detecting a relative position between a first wearable device and a second wearable device; and in response to determining that the relative position between the first wearable device and the second wearable device satisfies a predetermined relative position, determining the posture of the user at least based on the relative position between the first wearable device and the second wearable device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining an individual gaze value are disclosed herein. An exemplary method involves: (a) receiving gaze data for a first wearable computing device, wherein the gaze data is indicative of a wearer-view associated with the first wearable computing device, and wherein the first wearable computing device is associated with a first user-account; (b) analyzing the gaze data from the first wearable computing device to detect one or more occurrences of one or more advertisement spaces in the gaze data; (c) based at least in part on the one or more detected advertisement-space occurrences, determining an individual gaze value for the first user-account; and (d) sending a gaze-value indication, wherein the gaze-value indication indicates the individual gaze value for the first user-account.

Abstract: Provided are a projection image display member having a high visible light transmittance, suppressing a double image of a display image, and having excellent suitability of polarized sunglasses for incident light reflected from external light, a windshield glass using the projection image display member, and a head-up display system. The problem is solved such that one or more phase difference layers, one or more selective reflection layers, and one or more polarization conversion layers are provided in this order, the polarization conversion layer being a layer in which a helical alignment structure of a liquid crystal compound is fixed, and the number of pitches x of the helical alignment structure and a film thickness y (?m) of the polarization conversion layer satisfying “0.3?x?7.0”, “0.5?y?6.0”, “y?0.7x+3.2”, and “y?0.7x?1.4”.

Abstract: A video display system includes: a screen on which an mage for displaying a virtual image is projected; a light source that emits laser light; a scanner that projects the image onto the screen by biaxially scanning the laser light onto the screen; and a controller that generates the image and controls the light source using an image signal for causing the generated image to be projected onto the screen by the laser light, and receives an input of sensing information measured using a temperature sensor and controls the scanner in accordance with the input sensing information. When the sensing information indicates a temperature outside a given temperature range, the controller causes the scanner to reduce an amplitude of the biaxial scanning in at least one axial direction to a smaller value than when the sensing information indicates a second brightness or a temperature within the given temperature range.

Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) displays are computer displays that present images or video in a manner that simulates a real experience for the viewer. In many cases, VR displays are implemented as head-mounted displays (HMDs) which provide a display in the line of sight of the user. Because current HMDs are composed of a display panel and magnifying lens with a gap therebetween, proper functioning of the HMDs limits their design to a box-like form factor, thereby negatively impacting both comfort and aesthetics. The present disclosure provides a different configuration for a VR display which allows for improved comfort and aesthetics, including specifically at least one coherent light source, at least one pupil replicating waveguide coupled to the at least one coherent light source to receive light therefrom, and at least one spatial light modulator coupled to the at least one pupil replicating waveguide to modulate the light.

Abstract: An augmented reality device may include: a light source; a display device comprising a plurality of pixels and configured to generate a first image based on light incident from the light source; and an optical combiner comprising a plurality of optical combining units each including a first area and a second area, wherein the first area reflects a plurality of beams constituting the first image at different reflection angles according to wavelengths and incident angles and transfers the reflected plurality of beams to a predetermined viewer position, and the second area transmits a beam of a second image received from outside and transfers the beam of the second image to the predetermined viewer position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a near-eye display device and a near-eye display system. The excitation light source structure provides excitation light to the first waveguide structure, and the outgoing coupling grating structure corresponding to the first waveguide structure receiving the excitation light may be further irradiated by the excitation light, and be excited and output the light with a pixel color corresponding to the first waveguide structure. That is, the outgoing coupling grating structure corresponding to the first waveguide structure receiving the excitation light can derive the light with the corresponding pixel color emitted by the projection-based display, and be excited by the excitation light emitted by the excitation light source structure to output light with a pixel color corresponding to the first waveguide structure.

Abstract: A method includes sensing a plurality of light superposition characteristic values associated with ambient light from a physical environment. The ambient light emanates from the physical environment towards one side of a translucent display. The plurality of light superposition characteristic values quantifies interactions with the ambient light. The method includes determining a plurality of display correction values associated with the electronic device based on a function of the plurality of light superposition characteristic values and predetermined display characteristics of a computer-generated reality (CGR) object. The method includes changing one or more display operating parameters associated with the electronic device in accordance with the plurality of display correction values in order to satisfy the predetermined display characteristics of the CGR object within a performance threshold.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a volume grating-based combiner is disclosed. The display apparatus includes: an image providing device; and a combiner, wherein the combiner includes a plurality of volume gratings configured to diffract light containing an image, which is emitted from the image providing device, each volume grating has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and each volume grating is further configured to diffract light incident on the first surface and transmit therethrough light incident on the second surface without diffraction.

Abstract: An image projection system includes a first transmitter configured to generate first light beams; a first collimation lens configured to receive the first light beams and generate first collimated light beams to be projected onto an eye to render a first projection image perceived at a first projection plane; a second transmitter configured to generate second light beams; a second collimation lens configured to receive the second light beams and generate second collimated light beams to be projected onto the eye to render a second projection image perceived at a second projection plane; a first beam combiner configured to transmit the first and the second collimated light beams on a combined transmission path; and a scanner configured to steer the first and the second collimated light beams according to a scanning pattern to render the first projection image and the second projection image onto the eye.

Abstract: There is provided an optical system, including a light-transmitting substrate (20) having at least two major surfaces (26) and edges, all optical prism (54) having at least a first (58), a second (56) and a third (60) surface, for coupling light waves having a given field-of-view into the substrate by total internal reflection, at least one partially reflecting surface located in the substrate, the partially reflecting surface being orientated non-parallelly with respect to the major surfaces of the substrate, for coupling light waves out of the substrate, at least one of the edges (50) of the substrate is slanted at an oblique angle with respect to the major surfaces, the second surface of the prism is located adjacent to the slanted edge of the substrate, and a part of the substrate located next to the slanted edge is substantially transparent, wherein the light waves enter the prism through the first surface of the prism, traverse the prism without any reflection and enter the substrate through the slanted

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for operating a head-mounted display system based on user perceptibility. The display system may be an augmented reality display system configured to provide virtual content on a plurality of depth planes by presenting the content with different amounts of wavefront divergence. Some embodiments include obtaining an image captured by an imaging device of the display system. Whether a threshold measure or more of motion blur is determined to be exhibited in one or more regions of the image. Based on a determination that the threshold measure or more of motion blur is exhibited in one or more regions of the image, one or more operating parameters of the wearable display are adjusted. Example operating parameter adjustments comprise adjusting the depth plane on which content is presented (e.g., by switching from a first depth plane to a second depth plane), adjusting a rendering quality, and adjusting power characteristics of the system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a head-mounted display that includes an image generation device generating a display image to be viewed through an eyepiece disposed in front of a display panel, the image generation device including a source image reception control section that receives a source image, a distorted image generation section that generates data on pixels in a display image obtained by giving the source image a distortion corresponding to the eyepiece, a partially distorted image storage section that stores the data on the pixels in an order of data generation, and an image display control section that, whenever data on a predetermined number of pixels smaller than a total number of pixels in the display image is stored in the partially distorted image storage section, outputs the stored data to the display panel; the display panel that sequentially displays data outputted from the image generation device; and a content processing device that generates the source image and transmits the generated

Abstract: A near-eye imaging system includes a light source, a waveguide, a scanner, and a sensor. The light source is configured to emit light. The waveguide includes an output coupler. The scanner is configured to direct the light to the output coupler at varying scan angles. The waveguide confines the light to guide the light to the output coupler. The output coupler has negative optical power and is configured to direct the light to exit the waveguide as expanding illumination light toward an eyebox region. The sensor is configured to generate a tracking signal in response to returning light incident on the sensor via the scanner and via the output coupler.

Abstract: A near-eye display includes a semiconductor substrate that has a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposite to each other, and a plurality of luminous pixels formed over the first curved surface of the semiconductor substrate. The luminous pixels cooperatively form a display area of the near-eye display. The second curved surface of the semiconductor substrate is formed with a plurality of indentations at a portion that corresponds in position to the display area.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mixed-reality optical waveguide-based combiner apparatus that includes stacked plates of reflective optical elements (ROEs) and associated methods of fabrication. ROEs in the plates of the waveguide combiner share a commonly shaped and sized footprint and are aligned in the stack. A top plate in the stack of plates includes an input-coupler, such as a prism, for in-coupling light for virtual images from a display engine into the waveguide combiner. The top plate also includes a top ROE comprising a cascaded array of mirror elements in a waveguide that horizontally expands an exit pupil of the virtual images and couples the light to a corresponding bottom ROE, disposed in a bottom plate in the stack, comprising a cascaded array of mirror elements in a waveguide. The bottom ROE couples the virtual image light to an output coupler in the bottom plate which out-couples light from the waveguide combiner.

Abstract: An imaging method of a head-mounted display and a head-mounted display are disclosed. The method includes, but is not limited to: detecting a wavefront of a beam emitted by the head-mounted display through its optical system; acquiring a position of a visual axis of a human eye; calculating a deviation between the visual axis of the human eye and an optical axis of the optical system; and adjusting a wavefront incident to the human eye according to the deviation, so that a correspondence between the wavefront incident to the human eye and the visual axis is consistent with a correspondence between the wavefront of the beam emitted from the optical system and the optical axis.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a housing and a covering structure. The housing has a light transmission portion. The covering structure includes a plurality of coating layers sequentially stacked above the light transmission portion. The coating layers respectively have different thicknesses, different refractive indices, different reflectivities, and different transmissivities. Reflected light of the coating layers presents a virtual image with a pattern.