Abstract: The present invention relates to coating compositions which comprise a silazane polymer (A), a silane coupling agent (B); and inorganic nanoparticles (C), wherein the components (A), (B) and (C) are present in certain ratios. The coating compositions are particularly suitable for the preparation of hard coatings on surfaces of various base material substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device manufacturing method, including a preparation step of preparing a laminated body in which a supporting member, a temporary fixation material layer that generates heat upon absorbing light, and a semiconductor member are laminated in this order, and a separation step of irradiating the temporary fixation material layer in the laminated body with incoherent light and thereby separating the semiconductor member from the supporting member.

Abstract: Provided is a hot-melt PSA composition having a low viscosity when melted with heat and capable of suitably forming a PSA layer. A hot-melt PSA composition comprising a base polymer is provided. The base polymer comprises acrylic polymers A and B. The acrylic polymer A is a polymer of monomers comprising, as the primary component, a (meth)acrylic monomer A having an alkyl group with 4 to 8 carbon atoms. The acrylic polymer B is a polymer of monomers comprising, as a primary component, a (meth)acrylic monomer B having an alkyl group with 9 to 12 carbon atoms. In the base polymer, with the total amount of the acrylic polymers A and B being 100% by weight, the acrylic polymer B content is 10% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less.

Abstract: The system may include a sheet of tape comprised of one-piece with a second side including an adhesive surface; a backing surface removably adhered to the second side of the sheet of tape; a first edge of the sheet of tape being a straight edge; the second edge being a length from a heel area to a toe area of a blade of a hockey stick; the second edge including a concave portion shaped similar to a curve of a top of the blade; the third edge being a length from the heel area to the toe area of the blade; the third edge including a concave portion shaped similar to the curve of the top of the blade; and the fourth edge including two convex portions shaped similar to a toe of the blade.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to a decorative patch, wherein the decorative patch comprises a first layer and a transparent second layer, wherein the first layer and transparent second layer form a first structure comprising at least one cavity, wherein the at least one cavity comprises an aqueous fluid, and wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a plurality of chloroplasts, a glucose oxidase for converting glucose to gluconolactone, and a monomer or oligomer capable of reacting with gluconolactone.

Abstract: A method for transferring an adhesive layer of thermoplastic polymer(s) from a first substrate to a second substrate including: depositing an antiadhesive layer on a first substrate, this layer being deposited on the periphery of the top face of said substrate, referred to as peripheral layer, thus providing on said top face a zone devoid of said layer, referred to as central zone; depositing an adhesive layer of thermoplastic polymer(s) on said central zone; depositing an antiadhesive layer on a second substrate, this layer being deposited on the top face of the second substrate excluding its periphery, said periphery being thus devoid of said antiadhesive layer; bonding the first substrate and the second substrate consisting of thermocompressing the top face of the first substrate onto the top face of the second substrate; removing the first substrate, whereby the second substrate remains, of which the top face is coated by the adhesive layer of thermoplastic polymer(s).

Abstract: In-situ polymerized polymer film facilitates improved paint film appliques with reduced defects. The paint film appliques comprise the in-situ polymerized polymer film as a carrier layer. The carrier layer is colored and, preferably defect-free.

Abstract: An approach to achieve highly tunable adhesion using low pressure by inducing sidewall buckling in soft hollow pillars (SHPs). Dry adhesion of these SHPs can be changed by two orders of magnitude (up to 145×) using low activating pressure (˜?10 kPa or ˜20 kPa). Negative pressure triggers sidewall buckling while positive pressure induces sidewall bulging, both of which can significantly change stress distribution at the bottom surface to facilitate crack initiation and reduce adhesion therein. A single SHP can be activated by a micropump to manipulate various lightweight objects with different curvature and surface texture. An array of SHPs can realize selective pick-and-place of an array of objects. Minor modifications to the SHPs in terms of geometry and material (with or without cap, circular or noncircular cross section) can further enhance the adhesion tuning performance of these SHPs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a specific acrylate compound component for a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition where it has excellent wettability, light resistance, and heat resistance. Moreover, it provides the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition which can cover step differences and defects and can minimize air bubbles or liftings between laminated layers while satisfying fundamentally required physical properties such as durability and pressure-sensitive adhesive. Especially, it provides the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition capable of minimizing air bubbles or liftings between laminated layers while satisfying fundamentally required physical properties such as durability and pressure-sensitive adhesive even when left at high temperature for a long time. It also provides an optical pressure-sensitive adhesive product which can cover defects located between laminated layers for a display module or a transparent electrode product.

Abstract: The tape includes a backing, a reactive layer on the backing, and a pressure sensitive adhesive on the reactive layer. The reactive layer includes sulfur and a rubber at least partially crosslinked with polysulfide bonds. The pressure sensitive adhesive includes a hydrocarbon elastomer that is at least partially crosslinked and a tackifying resin. The process includes applying a dispersion of the rubber and sulfur to the backing, drying the dispersion to provide the reactive layer, and applying a pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprising the hydrocarbon elastomer and the tackifying resin as a hot melt on the reactive layer to provide the tape.

Abstract: Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (“PSA”) compositions crosslinked with a small-molecule crosslinker containing a single, thermally reversible moiety represented by the structure (I) (Formula I)). wherein each R1 is independently —H or —CH3, each X is independently C2-C6 alkyl, and each R2 is independently a C1-C6 alkyl group or an aromatic group. Under high temperature conditions the crosslinks may be broken, thus allowing for good coating and dispensing of the PSA. Upon cooling, the crosslinks reform to create a gelled PSA network without need of additional post-processing curing steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a curable volume expandable polymer composition comprising an organic acid component, wherein the organic acid component comprises a first organic acid, a second organic acid, and optionally one or more additional organic acids; wherein said polymer composition, when being heated to an activation of expansion temperature above room temperature, undergoes volume expansion. When the organic acid component is heated to the activation of expansion temperature, the first organic acid and/or the second organic acid and/or the optionally present one or more additional organic acids decarboxylate and thus release carbon dioxide. The polymer composition traps the thus released carbon dioxide thereby causing the polymer composition to undergo volume expansion.

Abstract: An adhesive composition is provided. The adhesive composition comprises the following components: (a) a polyacid polymer aqueous dispersion, wherein the polyacid polymer contains 50%˜100% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid/anhydrides; (b) a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic copolymer emulsion, wherein the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic copolymer is obtained from polymerizing a monomer mixture which contains 0.1-10% hydroxyl group-containing monomer, 0.1% to 20% weight unsaturated carboxylic acid and 30%-90% acrylic monomer, wherein the solid weight ratio of the above components (a) and (b) is 0.1:100 to 10:100, based on the solids of the components (a) and (b).

Abstract: A hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive composition is provided comprising at least one thermoplastic block polymer, and at least one non-thermoplastic random polymer. The hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive composition of the present invention demonstrates improved processability and desirable adhesion performance for label applications. Further, the hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive composition is economical and environmentally sustainable.

Abstract: One-component epoxy adhesives containing a phosphorus-modified epoxy resin, a toughener and an epoxy resin that is neither rubber-modified nor phosphorus-modified. These adhesives are structural adhesives useful in automotive applications. They exhibit particularly good corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Provided is a visible-laser-curable or infrared-laser-curable resin composition that cures in a shorter time and with less energy. A visible-laser-curable or infrared-laser-curable cationically polymerizable epoxy resin composition comprising (A) an epoxy resin and (B) an acid generator.

Abstract: There is provided an adhesion mediator composition for use in the adhesion of silicone elastomers made from hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber compositions to thermoplastic substrates, especially polyolefin substrates. There is also provided a process for adhering silicone elastomers to thermoplastic substrates using the adhesion mediator composition. The adhesion mediator composition comprises: (i) a trialkoxysilane; (ii) a platinum group metal based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst; (iii) an alkoxy titanium compound; (iv) a tetraalkoxysilane; and (v): either (a?) a polyorganosiloxane containing at least two unsaturated groups; or (b?) a mixture of two or more polyorganosiloxanes containing at least two unsaturated groups.

Abstract: A silicone pressure sensitive adhesive composition contains an alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane gum, a polyorganosilicate resin, a polyorganohydrogensiloxane crosslinker, a migration reducing additive, a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, a hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor, and a solvent. Methods for preparing the silicone pressure sensitive adhesive composition and using it to form a protective film are provided.

Abstract: Adhesive formulations comprising bovine serum albumin, b-lactoglobulin, and/or a-lactalbumin can be applied and cured underwater to form a strong adhesive. Curing can be accomplished using heat or via a chemical denaturing component.

Abstract: A biodegradable adhesive containing effective amounts of water; defoamer; gelatin; preservative; glycerin, sorbitol, or a mixture of glycerin and sorbitol; NaCl; and sugar for use in making boxes, and other material, in which the material is recyclable, repulpable, compostable, and the like to improve environmentally friendly packaging and eliminating hazards of using hot adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant, lubricant and stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% by weight to 100% by weight of trans-1,2-difluorethylene (R1132(E)), and wherein said lubricant comprises polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and wherein said stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene and optionally but preferably an acid depleting moiety.

Abstract: A coolant composition includes a mineral oil or a synthetic oil and a surfactant, in which a conductivity of the coolant composition is lower than 0.1 ?S/cm, and the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant that is a fatty acid ester having a freezing point of lower than ?15° C. and having a cyclic structure.

Abstract: A method may include: introducing a resin modified cement slurry into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, the subterranean formation comprising a caprock and a carbon dioxide injection zone, the resin modified cement slurry comprising: a resin; a hardener; a hydraulic cement; and water; and setting the resin modified cement slurry to form a set cement wherein the set cement forms a carbonation-resistant barrier in the carbon dioxide injection zone in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions including a poly-alkene maleic anhydride copolymer, a PEG, and a crosslinker selected from an ethyleneamine, a benzenetricarboxylic acid, a benzimidazole, and combinations thereof. The poly-alkene maleic anhydride copolymer includes repeat units I and II: where R1, R1?, R2, and R2? are each independently selected from —H and —(C1-C5)alkyl. The disclosure also provides methods of treating a subterranean formation or cement construction using the compositions.

Abstract: Barite (barium sulfate) scale may be problematic in subterranean formations, wellbores, pipelines, and other locations and may be difficult to remove in many instances. Aqueous fluid compositions effective for removing barite scale may comprise a concentrated mineral acid, a first salt comprising an iodide anion, and a second salt comprising an anion that forms an aqueous-soluble barium salt. One suitable aqueous fluid composition may comprise concentrated hydroiodic acid, an alkali metal iodide, and an alkali metal hypophosphite salt. The aqueous fluid compositions may be used in combination with a second treatment phase comprising a fluid composition comprising at least one acid gas capturing agent. The at least one acid gas capturing agent may comprise a first component reactive toward hydrogen sulfide and an optional second component reactive toward carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Well treatment fluids may include solid particles comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, barium hydroxide, and ammonium thiocyanate. These well treatment fluids may also include a carrier fluid, which may be an aqueous polymeric fluid, an oil, or combinations thereof. The aqueous polymeric fluid may include a polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, cellulose, or polyacrylamide. The oil may include a material selected from the group consisting of diesel, mineral oil, and wax. Methods for reducing an acid carbonate reaction in a carbonate formation may include pumping a composition of solid particles into a formation; releasing the solid particles from the capsules or emulsion within the formation; and injecting an acid following the releasing step or during pumping, wherein the acid carbonate reaction is carried out at a reduced reaction rate.

Abstract: A chemical fluid for underground injection includes an inorganic substance, an antioxidant (e.g. ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, or a salt thereof, or ?-acetyl-?-butyrolactone, or bisulfite, or disulfite), and water. The inorganic substance may be a colloidal particle or a powder. The inorganic substance may be present in the chemical fluid in amounts of 0.001% by mass to 50% by mass based on the total mass of the chemical fluid for underground injection. The antioxidant may be present in the chemical fluid at a ratio of 0.0001 to 2 of the mass of the antioxidant to the mass of the inorganic substance. A surface of the inorganic substance may be coated with a silane compound. The chemical fluid may further include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards methods of enhanced oil recovery from a subterranean reservoir, the method includes co-injecting a gas and a foam formulation into the subterranean reservoir, wherein the gas comprises steam and the foam formulation comprises a sulfonate composition, a glycol compound, and water.

Abstract: A composition that includes an oil-soluble carbon dot and an organic fluid is provided. The oil-soluble carbon dot includes a transition metal, a rare earth element, or a combination of both. A method of making the oil-soluble carbon dot is also provided. The method includes combining an organic reactant, an amine, a dehydrating agent, and a hydrophobic organometallic compound to form a mixture, and heating the mixture such that the oil-soluble carbon dot forms. A method of determining a flow characteristic of a formation or an attribute of a fluid in a formation using the oil-soluble carbon dots is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a particle having high detection sensitivity in the detection of a substance to be measured, such as an antigen or an antibody, from a body. The particle includes a rare earth complex, wherein the particle has a particle size distribution of 0.1 or less in terms of polydispersity index (pdi) measured by dynamic light scattering, and wherein the particle has a hydrophilic polymer on a surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LCs) of the core-shell type, components and devices comprising the same. Particularly, the present invention relates to the manufacturing of luminescent core-shell nanocrystals, wherein said nanocrystal core comprises or consists of a perovskite crystal having a size of 3-100 nm, and said nanocrystal shell comprises a metal oxide having a thickness of 0.5-10 nm and wherein said method comprises combining suitable starting materials under oxygen-free conditions. The invention further provides for specific luminescent core-shell nanocrystals, to components and products containing such luminescent core-shell nanocrystals.

Abstract: A composition for selectively etching a layer including an aluminum compound in the presence of a layer of a low-k material and/or a layer including copper and/or cobalt, and a corresponding process, are described. Further described is a process for the manufacture of a semiconductor device, including the step of selectively etching at least one layer including an aluminum compound in the presence of a layer of a low-k material and/or a layer including copper and/or cobalt by contacting the at least one layer including an aluminum compound with the described composition.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a composition including a corrosion inhibitor compound and an anti-emulsifier compound. The composition has a weight ratio of the anti-emulsifier to the corrosion inhibitor of about 20:1 to about 0.2:1. The composition may be used in a method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface. The method includes adding the composition to an aqueous system that includes the metal surface.

Abstract: New surfactants with emulsifying, bio and eco-compatible properties, having long-chain aliphatic amides, obtained by a green method, deriving from amino acids, fatty acids and/or oils and/or butters, treated with microwave irradiation are provided.

Abstract: Coke oven door sealing device for sealing a coke oven door against a sealing surface of a coke oven door frame of a coke oven chamber, the coke oven door sealing device comprising: a coke oven door having a panel unit for closing the coke oven chamber; a fixture device for holding a sealing piece in a peripheral area of the coke oven door opposite to the sealing surface; the sealing piece, wherein the sealing piece is configured to be operated in a first operating state or a second operating state; wherein, in a first operating state, the sealing piece is spaced at a first distance from the sealing surface arranged opposite of the sealing piece; wherein, in a second operating state, the sealing piece contacts the sealing surface; such that in the second operating state, the sealing piece and the panel unit at least partially shape a cavity and wherein the coke oven door sealing device (1) further comprises a first insulation element (14) for thermally insulating the sealing piece (13), wherein the first insul

Abstract: The invention provides a pyrolysis reaction system, the system comprising: a pyrolysis chamber comprising a feed inlet, a gas inlet and a product outlet, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is configured i) to receive a pyrolysable organic feed and an inert gas via the feed inlet and gas inlet respectively, ii) to pyrolyse the organic feed at a pyrolysis temperature to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas, wherein the pyrolysis gas will combine with the inert gas to form a gas mixture having a pyrolysis chamber pressure in the pyrolysis chamber, and iii) to discharge the carbonaceous pyrolysis product via the product outlet; a gas reactor configured to react the pyrolysis gas by combustion and/or carbon deposition at a gas reaction temperature and a gas reactor pressure; and a first partition defining a boundary between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, the first partition comprising a plurality of first apertures to provide fluid communication between the pyrolysis chamber and the

Abstract: A process is hereby provided for permanently (>1000 years) reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The process involves the cultivation of tree and plant waste (biomass), the conversion of the biomass in a reactor to a carbon product, e.g., charcoal, and subsequent storage of the carbon product. The reactor used for conversion is run at a low temperature, e.g., 300-450° C. Thus, there is negligible cracking. The product is primarily a solid carbon product, which is safe and can be easily handled. The carbon product can also be safely stored. In one embodiment, the carbon product is buried in a location that is tested for limited oxygen at burial depths. The permanence of the CO2 reduction is therefore assured.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of pyrolysis and improvement of caking middling coals, in particular to a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal. The present disclosure provides a low temperature pyrolysis method of a caking middling coal, including the following steps: conveying the caking middling coal into a pyrolysis reactor through a top of the pyrolysis reactor; dividing a reaction chamber of the pyrolysis reactor into a drying section, a softening section, a melting and depolymerization section, a solidification section, and a cooling section by means of multi-channel gas distribution; and conducting zoned temperature control-based pyrolysis to obtain semi-coke at a bottom of the reactor as well as tar and coal gas at the top of the reactor. The pyrolysis method can well avoid caking and swelling of the caking middling coal during pyrolysis.

Abstract: A gasification system for receiving biomass feedstock and gasifying the biomass feedstock to produce char can include a reaction zone for receiving biomass fuel and a cooling zone for receiving char from the reaction zone. Together, the reaction zone and the cooling zone include a reaction chamber and a cooling chamber defining a live floor and a gas recovery volume above the live floor. The reaction zone and the cooling zone also include augers arranged side-by-side on the live floor, where each auger has helical flighting. The helical flighting of each auger can be turned in an opposing direction to each adjacent auger. Each auger can also include paddles intermittently interrupting the helical flighting for turning over the biomass fuel. The augers can be driven to pull the biomass fuel from a first end to a second end of the reaction chamber and the cooling chamber.

Abstract: Production of fuels from low carbon electricity and from carbon dioxide by the use of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch is shown. Fischer-Tropsch is an exothermic reaction that can be used to produce steam. Steam produced from the Liquid Fuel Production (LFP) reactor system, where the Fischer-Tropsch reaction occurs, is used as feed to the SOEC. The higher temperature steam improves the efficiency of the overall electrolysis system. The integration of the LFP steam improves the efficiency of the electrolysis because the heat of vaporization for the liquid water does not have to be supplied by the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A method for thermal processing and catalytic cracking of a biomass to effect distillate oil recovery can include, particle size reduction. slurrying the biomass with a carrier fluid to create a reaction mixture, slurrying a catalyst with a carrier fluid to create a catalyst slurry, heating the reaction mixture and/or the catalyst slurry, and depolymerizing the reaction mixture with the catalyst. The reaction mixture can undergo distillation and fractionation to produce distillate fractions that include naphtha, kerosene, and diesel. In some embodiments, thermal processing and catalytic cracking includes vaporization of the biomass followed by distillation and fractionation. In some embodiments, a resulting distillate can be used as a carrier fluid. In some embodiments, the method can include desulfurization, dehydration, and/or decontamination.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a pyrolysis oil comprising treating the pyrolysis oil with an upgrading solution to provide a mixture comprising an extract phase and a raffinate phase, wherein the upgrading solution comprises a polar organic solvent, and wherein the pyrolysis oil is a derived from the pyrolysis of plastic or rubber, or a combination thereof, and an upgraded pyrolysis oil prepared by said process.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalysts for dewaxing of a feedstock, the catalyst comprising between about 40 wt. % and about 99.9 wt. % zeolite, between about 0 wt. % and about 40 wt. % binder and at least about 0.1 wt. % noble metal, as well as catalyst systems, methods and products produced using the catalysts. The zeolite having a crystal comprising a largest included sphere less than or equal to about 7.5 angstroms, a largest diffusing sphere greater than or equal to about 5.0 angstroms, and a silica to alumina ratio greater than or equal to about 100:1. The catalyst having a temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (“TPAD”) of less than about 0.25 mmol/g.

Abstract: Methods of crude oil stabilization may include separating crude oil in a bulk separator into a first light hydrocarbon stream, a first water stream, and a first bottoms stream; separating the first bottoms stream in an intermediate pressure separator into a second light hydrocarbon stream, a second water stream, and a second bottoms stream; separating the second bottoms stream in a separator into a third light hydrocarbon stream, a third water stream, and a third bottoms stream; introducing a stripping gas stream comprising methane into the separator; storing the third bottoms stream in a vessel comprising an outlet for a fourth light hydrocarbon stream; treating at least a portion of the first, second, third, and fourth light hydrocarbon streams in a vapor treatment process to form a final light hydrocarbon stream; and recycling at least a portion of the final light hydrocarbon stream to the separator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for integration of polymeric waste co-processing in cokers to produce circular chemical products from coker gas oil, including a method of producing circular chemical products comprising: providing a coker gas oil that is at least partially derived from polymeric waste, wherein the coker gas oil has a paraffin content of about 5 wt % to about 50 wt %, a sulfur content of about 0.1 wt % to about 7 wt %, and a halide content of about 0.1 wppm to about 5 wppm; and converting the coker gas oil into at least a polymer.

Abstract: An integrated process and associated system for conversion of crude oil to value added petrochemicals. The process includes separating crude oil into light and heavy crude fractions and processing the heavy fraction in a solvent deasphalting unit and a delayed coker unit, and then providing the light fraction and selected effluents of the solvent deasphalting unit and the delayed coker unit to a hydrotreater. The process further includes separating the effluent of the hydrotreater to generate a C1 fraction passed to a methane cracker, a C2 fraction passed to an ethane steam cracker, a C3-C4 fraction passed to a dehydrogenation reactor, a hydrotreated light fraction passed to an aromatization unit, and a hydrotreated heavy fraction passed to a steam enhanced catalytic cracking unit. The process further includes separating effluents of the various unit operations into product streams including a BTX stream and a light olefin stream.

Abstract: A biomass gasification furnace provided with an outer tube, an inner tube provided inside the outer tube so that a lower end thereof is located higher than a lower end of the outer tube, and a reactor that heats the outer tube from outside, wherein a combustion air supply portion that supplies combustion air is provided inside the inner tube so as to be spaced from the lower end of the inner tube, a biomass raw material is supplied from above to the inside of the inner tube so as to form an accumulation portion in which the biomass raw material has accumulated from the lower end of the outer tube to a location higher than the combustion air supply portion, a fuel gas is produced in the accumulation portion, and the produced fuel gas is discharged through a space between the inner tube and the outer tube.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling the production of negative carbon-intensity liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., for fuels and chemicals). In various aspects, the methods utilize a feedstock having a negative carbon intensity, produce a co-product from the feedstock, sequester a portion of the CO2 derived from the feedstock, or utilize a portion of the O2 in a process that consumes O2 and emits CO2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from a H2S-containing gas composition includes charging a liquid to a reactor under continuous agitation and dispersing particles of a graphene supported mixed-metal hydroxide composite in the liquid to form a graphene supported mixed-metal hydroxide composite mixture. The method further includes introducing the H2S-containing gas composition to the reactor containing the graphene supported mixed-metal hydroxide composite mixture under continuous agitation and passing the H2S-containing gas composition through the graphene supported mixed-metal hydroxide composite mixture. In addition, the method includes adsorbing the H2S from the H2S-containing gas composition onto the graphene supported mixed-metal hydroxide composite to remove the H2S from the H2S-containing gas composition and form a purified gas composition.