Abstract: A refrigerator including a housing mounted at a rear surface of a door to define a storage space of food, a basket disposed inside the housing, a duct extending to the housing from one side of an evaporator to supply cold air generated by the evaporator into the storage space of the housing, and a fan assembly coupled to the duct to allow the cold air to be forcibly supplied.

Abstract: A refrigerating appliance includes a refrigerating cabinet that has an outer wrapper. A machine compartment is disposed proximate a rear bottom of the refrigerating cabinet. The machine compartment is defined by selectively removable side panels, an inner curved surface of the outer wrapper, and a bottom support plate. A controller is disposed within the machine compartment. Reinforcement segments extend from a planar extent of the outer wrapper to a lip of the bottom support plate.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a shelf and shelving system for a refrigerator door having a door liner with opposing side walls, where each side wall includes a row of ditch steps. The shelf or shelves includes a gap wall at each end of the shelf. A switch is positioned above each gap wall. Each switch includes a handle, a mounting rod and a biasing member for biasing a long component of the handle outwardly away from the gap wall such that an engagement surface of the long component will engage a ditch step and thereby secure the shelf in place within the refrigerator door. The switch is actuatable by a user to allow for vertical adjustment of the shelf along the rows of ditch steps or to remove the shelf therefrom.

Abstract: Provided is a vacuum adiabatic body. The vacuum adiabatic body includes a supporting unit configured to maintain a vacuum space part. The supporting unit includes a plurality of bars extending in a vertical direction between the first plate member and the second plate member. When a pitch of the bar is a, an elastic modulus of a material forming the bar is E, and a radius of a long axis is n and a radius of a short axis is m when a cross-section of the bar has an elliptical shape is n, the following equation: 1.0354 < Em 3 ? n a 2 < 188.2097 is satisfied.

Abstract: A food treatment appliance includes a thermally insulated food treatment chamber, a refrigeration unit, a microwave generation facility configured to introduce microwaves with an associated microwave frequency into the food treatment chamber, and a low-frequency generation facility configured to introduce into the food treatment chamber low-frequency waves with a frequency which is lower than the microwave frequency.

Abstract: A recyclable, thermally insulated shipping container is entirely constructed from organic fiber materials in such a manner that the container is curbside recyclable without separation of component materials. The container includes a corrugated cardboard outer box having a bottom wall, a plurality of sidewalls and a top wall, a corrugated cardboard inner liner assembly comprising a corrugated cardboard inner box having a bottom wall and a plurality of sidewalls, and a corrugated cardboard lid assembly. The outer box, inner liner assembly and lid assembly cooperate to create a plurality of thermally insulated cavities which are filled and uniformly packed with predetermined volumes of loose-fill cellulose (organic fiber) insulation to create a predetermined insulating value. The container provides a fully insulated six-sided product cavity to receive a temperature-controlled product. A portion of the product cavity may be filled with a PCM or other thermal media to provide a consistent temperature profile.

Abstract: A sticker for spacing wood is extruded from an aluminum alloy. The sticker can have different configurations. In a first configuration, the sticker has a width about the same as its height, with longitudinal ridges on all sides that grip wood when wood is stacked on the sticker. In a second configuration, the sticker has a width significantly greater than its height, with longitudinal ridges on the top and bottom surfaces, and with smooth side surfaces. The longitudinal ridges have a height within a specified range and are spaced at a distance peak-to-peak within a specified range. The ridges provide good grip of lumber stacked on the sticker yet do not easily plug with wood fibers through repeated use. The extruded aluminum sticker is very rugged and can be used for hundreds or even thousands of drying cycles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ceramic tape includes a step of directing a tape of partially-sintered ceramic into a furnace. The tape is partially-sintered such that grains of the ceramic are fused to one another yet the tape still includes at least 10% porosity by volume, where the porosity refers to volume of the tape unoccupied by the ceramic. The method further includes steps of conveying the tape through the furnace and further sintering the tape as the tape is conveyed through the furnace. The porosity of the tape decreases during the further sintering step.

Abstract: A method for operating an electric arc furnace having at least one electrode, the method including the following steps: introducing material that is to be melted in the form of an actual mass flow into the electric arc furnace and feeding electrical energy via at least one electrode into the electric arc furnace in order to melt the introduced material depending on a previously determined, necessary electrical energy input. The necessary electrical energy input into the arc furnace is determined depending on the mass flow input into the furnace.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing excess heat generated by an oven to generate electricity are provided. In one example, an oven can comprise a coolant pathway positioned adjacent to a hollow space within the oven, wherein the hollow space can contain heat. The oven can also comprise a chamber in fluid communication with the coolant pathway. The oven can further comprise a turbine in fluid communication with the chamber and an outlet. Moreover, the oven can comprise a generator connected to the turbine, wherein rotation of the turbine can power the generator.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing excess heat generated by an oven to generate electricity are provided. In one example, an oven can comprise a coolant pathway positioned adjacent to a hollow space within the oven, wherein the hollow space can contain heat. The oven can also comprise a chamber in fluid communication with the coolant pathway. The oven can further comprise a turbine in fluid communication with the chamber and an outlet. Moreover, the oven can comprise a generator connected to the turbine, wherein rotation of the turbine can power the generator.

Abstract: A tight-fit riveting structure for a clustered radiation fin set and a heat pipe and a riveting method include a radiation fin set formed by locking a plurality of radiation fins together and at least one heat pipe. The radiation fin set has an accommodation slot for accommodating the heat pipe. The heat pipe is positioned in the accommodation slot for a tight fit by subjecting two sides of the accommodation slot of the radiation fin set to a riveting operation. First riveting and deforming portions defined on two sides of a communication mouth of the accommodation slot are riveted towards a surface of the heat pipe, which causes the deformation of the first riveting and deforming portions whereby the heat pipe is clamped in a tight fit manner.

Abstract: A loop heat pipe includes: an evaporator; a condenser; a liquid pipe; a vapor pipe; and a loop-like flow channel through which the working fluid flows. At least one of the evaporator, the condenser, the liquid pipe, and the vapor pipe includes a first outer metal layer, a second outer metal layer, and an inner metal layer. The inner metal layer includes a porous body. The porous body includes: a first bottomed hole formed in one face of the inner metal layer; a second bottomed hole formed in the other face of the inner metal layer; a pore, wherein the first bottomed hole and the second bottomed hole partially communicates with each other through the pore; and a first column portion provided inside the first bottomed hole. The first column portion is bonded to the first outer metal layer.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator includes a chamber having an inlet for liquid to enter and at least one outlet for expulsion gas and/or vapour that has separated from the liquid within the chamber under gravity. For some applications the chamber will also have an outlet for the liquid. These systems can rely on the chamber remaining in a static orientation with the gas outlet arranged uppermost. Exemplary embodiments provide the chamber with multiple spaced apart outlets and an ability to sense orientation and/or acceleration of the chamber. A controller uses the output of the sensors to determine the spatial arrangement of the liquid phase and gas phase within the chamber relative to the outlets and selectively opens the multiple outlets to allow one of the liquid phase or gas phase to escape the chamber in preference to the other.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage apparatus includes at least one hollow tube having an internal cavity and at least one basic module placed inside the internal cavity. The at least one basic module has at least one slab, at least one pair of spacer bars, and at least one through channel adapted for the passage of a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A cycling heat dissipation module suited for dissipating heat generated from a heat source is provided. The cycling heat dissipation module includes an evaporator, a condenser, and a micro/nano-structure. The evaporator is thermal contacted with the heat source to absorb heat generated therefrom. The condenser is connected to the evaporator to form a loop, and a working fluid is filled in the loop. The working fluid in liquid state is transformed to vapor state by absorbing heat in the evaporator, and the working fluid in vapor state is transformed to liquid state by dissipating heat in the condenser. The micro/nano-structure is disposed in the condenser to destroy a boundary layer of the working fluid while passing through the condenser.

Abstract: Proposed is a heat dissipating device using turbulent flow. In the heat dissipating device, a plurality of block flow paths are formed in parallel inside a block body, a first cap and a second cap are mounted on side surfaces of the respective ends of the block body so as to connect the block flow paths, a working fluid flows into the block flow paths, and the working fluid which has passed through the block flow paths is transferred to the outside. Turbulence generators are mounted inside the block flow paths, and finishing end portions on the respective ends of the turbulence generators are supported by the first cap and the second cap and are positioned inside the block flow paths.

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger with pump, adapted to drive a fluid for heat transfer, comprises a heat conduction unit, a diversion unit, and a housing unit. The heat conduction unit includes a heat conductor. The diversion unit includes a cover and a diversion plate. A cooling chamber is defined by the cover and the heat conductor. The cover is provided with a fluid stopper. The diversion plate is disposed in the cooling chamber, and one end of the diversion plate abuts against the fluid stopper, so that the cooling chamber is divided into an upper passage and a lower passage. The housing unit includes a housing and a pump module. The fluid in the housing is driven by the pump module to flow through the upper passage to the lower passage, and then the fluid returns to the housing to carry the heat from the heat conductor.

Abstract: A fixed position ejector detachably connectable to a firearm is disclosed. The ejector comprises a base having an elevated forwardly extending finger, wherein the finger has an outer finger face configured for contacting a cartridge or case during the ejection phase of the firing cycle of the firearm. The base has forward and rear downwardly extending posts that are configured to engage into respective forward and rear retaining post holes positioned on the upper frame surface. At least one of the forward and rear posts includes a downwardly slanted notch. A retaining screw is provided to adjustably engage into both (i) a through-hole positioned adjacent and perpendicular to the upper frame surface of the firearm, and (ii) the slanted notch of one of the forward and rear posts such that the retaining screw urges the bottom base surface of the base against the upper frame surface of the firearm.

Abstract: A method for determining an operational status of a firearm based on a discharge event is provided. A signal indicative of a plurality of accelerations sensed by an inertial measurement unit is received by an event detection module. A sample shot profile is determined based on the signal. The shot profile can comprise a first peak at a first time representing initial discharge of the firearm wherein a bolt of the firearm moves from an initial forward position, a second peak at a second time, representing the bolt engaging a rear buffer of the firearm, and a third peak at a third time, representing the bolt returning to the forward position. A measured bolt speed of the weapon is determined based on a difference between the second and third times. The measured bold speed is compared to a baseline weapon bolt speed. An operational status of the weapon is determined.

Abstract: A firing control system with multiple safeties is disclosed. It comprises a base, a return spring, a firing pin releaser, and a trigger connecting bar. The trigger connecting bar is connected with the trigger of the pistol and has a firing safety portion with a T shape. The design of the firing safety portion with a limit protrusion portion of the firing pin releaser of the present invention form a safety mechanism for unintentional discharge of the pistol, which improves the problem that the existing improved products are easy to cause the pistol to fire under an unfired state.

Abstract: A method of firing a firearm includes rotating a trigger to force a latch pin lever to move; forcing a latch pin forward by the latch pin lever to force a cylinder forward toward a barrel; sealing or substantially sealing the barrel and the cylinder; and releasing a hammer to strike a cartridge while the barrel and the cylinder are sealed.

Abstract: A muzzle brake apparatus comprises a main body having a central bore and a plurality of peripheral bores about the central bore, the central bore extending a flow path for a projectile from a barrel of a firearm and an exit for the projectile and a brake backing plate coupled to the main body, the brake backing plate constructed and arranged for coupling to a distal end of the barrel of the firearm, the brake backing plate including an air chamber that provides an interior volume for receiving a flow of gas in the flow path of the barrel, wherein the peripheral bores output a first portion of gas from the firearm, and wherein a second portion of the gas is returned to the barrel from the air chamber.

Abstract: The rifle rest is for use with a vertical support post. The rifle rest includes a body including a collar configured to substantially surround the vertical support post, and at least one tightening mechanism coupled to the collar and configured to tighten the collar and position the body at a selected height on the vertical support post. A pivotable arm, defining a rifle rest platform, is pivotally coupled to the body and configured to be pivoted between a stored position adjacent the vertical support post and a deployed position extending away from the vertical support post. The pivotable arm is coupled to the body via a pivotal resistance that keeps the pivotable arm selectively secured in the stored position and the deployed position, respectively, until a user overcomes the pivotable resistance and pivots the pivotable arm to selectively store the pivotable arm and deploy the pivotable arm.

Abstract: A rifle receiver arrangement including a hollow chamber with a silt to receive an end of a rifle barrel. A slit opening/closing arrangement including an abutment member to abut against a rotatable bolt once the rotatable bolt is rotated in a second direction beyond a first open position such that upon abutment between the rotatable bolt and the abutment member, further rotation of the rotatable bolt in the second direction increases the gap of the slit of the hollow chamber to provide an extended open position to allow the end of the rifle barrel to be accepted less restrictively into the hollow chamber.

Abstract: A simulated shaking bullet chain type toy gun equipped with a bullet chain is provided. The toy gun includes a gun body, an actuated member, and a bolt assembly and a reciprocating assembly both reciprocatingly disposed in the gun body. The reciprocating assembly is linked to the bolt assembly and has a trigger portion reciprocating with the reciprocating assembly to produce a moving path. The actuated member is installed in the gun body and located on the moving path, and connected to the bullet chain. The reciprocating assembly reciprocates to trigger the actuated member by the trigger portion, and the actuated member links the bullet chain to shake, so as to achieve a high degree of simulation of the shaking effect of the bullet chain.

Abstract: A firearm is provided comprising a body which defines a magazine well. The well has a rear wall and a first side wall integrated with the body. A front wall is detachable from the body and in part defining the well. Further a second side wall is detachable from the body and in part defining the well.

Abstract: A modular quiver system and method of use may include, first, a base portion configured to be attachable to a bow and configured to removably hold a first arrow, and second, a detachable portion configured to removably hold a plurality of second arrows and configured to be removably attachable with the base portion by hand without the use of any tools, regardless whether or not the base portion is attached to the bow, and regardless whether arrows are in the quiver. A quick-release bracket system allows the modular quiver system to be removed from and attached with a bow in different predetermined positions without the use of any tools.

Abstract: In aspects of the invention, an arrow slide is provided with a body having a first opening with a plurality of first edges arranged in a generally triangular configuration within which a first diameter can be received, a second opening with a plurality of second edges arranged in the generally triangular configuration within which the first diameter can be received; sidewalk linking corresponding ones of the first plurality of edges to the plurality of second edges to create a passageway extending from the first opening to the second opening through which an arrow can slide; and a string mount to which a bowfishing line can be joined.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods employing dual triggered feeding of projectiles from plural or multiple magazine clips with multiple interlock features in a rapid fire toy launcher employing a clips carriage mounted for translatable movement using a carriage selector separately positions clips in line for individual projectile feeding and launch. A propelling mechanism receives projectiles from an elongated projectile checking subassembly using a reversible projectile advancing feeder with a gear combination that advances and returns a pusher extension for feeding projectiles through the clips carriage upper portion. The reversible projectile advancing feeder is positioned in the housing forward the inserted magazine clips. Triggers including a propelling mechanism trigger activates a key and a fire key is activated with a fire trigger.

Abstract: A revolving sequential launching device is adapted to be used in a toy projectile launcher. The revolving sequential launching device includes a guide member and a launch unit. The launch unit includes a revolving sleeve having a guide hole, a cam rail subunit disposed on the revolving sleeve, and a plurality of second gas conduits. The cam rail subunit is movable to be in sliding contact with the guide member during movement of the launch unit such that further movement of the launch unit drives rotation of the revolving sleeve. The rotation of the revolving sleeve brings the guide hole to be sequentially aligned with the second gas conduits, thereby discharging sequentially the toy projectiles.

Abstract: Sling sliders have a body defining an elongated sling strap passage configured to receive an elongated sling strap, the elongated sling strap passage defined at least in part by an elongated bar having opposed ends, the elongated bar defining an elongated cord passage extending between the opposed ends of the elongated bar, a cord received in the elongated cord passage, and the cord having a received portion within the elongated cord passage and a handle portion extending outside the elongated cord passage such that the handle portion operates to exert a motive force on the body. The sling slider may be a triglide. The body may have three parallel bars, and the elongated bar defining the elongated cord passage may be positioned between a second bar and a third bar. The body may define a pair of elongated sling strap passages on opposite sides of the elongated bar.

Abstract: An adjustable shoulder rest for a rear stock for a rifle or shotgun, with slidable adjustment features at the butt plate to customize the shoulder to firearm interface, providing diverse adjustment options pursuant to user preference and/or circumstances of use. The present invention further provides a pivotal, slidably-adjustable shoulder rest to facilitate customized position adjustment to the firearms orientation vis-a-vis the operator, including the option to provide a swivel connection for adjustment of the firearm during operation as well as the option of providing haptic feedback to communicate to the user or otherwise facilitate line of sight alignment of the firearm at various angles relative to the longitudinal axis thereof in line with one or more sighting apparatus mounted thereto.

Abstract: A reticle leveling system can include a firearm mount having a base mount, track, scope saddle, and light projector. The system can further include a tripod and an alignment grid. The firearm mount can attach to an elongated portion of a firearm, such as a barrel or picatinny rail. The base mount and track can secure the firearm mount to the elongated portion of the firearm, and the scope saddle can align on top of the scope, thereby creating connection points on both the elongated portion and the scope. The light projector can shine light through the front of the scope, thereby causing scope reticle to project out of the eyepiece. The projected image of the reticle can be shown on the alignment grid, which can be attached to the top of the tripod, and the alignment grid can include cross-hatching to illustrate whether the reticle is properly aligned.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-use laser rangefinder usable in either of hand-held and weapon-mounted modes. It includes a compact laser rangefinder (LRF) removably mountable to a weapon system and an optical aiming unit separate from a weapon system optical sighting device. The compact optical aiming unit has a point of aim viewable therethrough and is removably attachable to the rangefinder. The LRF has a point of aim adjustable to a point of aim of the weapon system when mounted and to the point of aim of the optical aiming unit when LRF is demounted and the optical aiming unit is attached to the LRF.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective clothing unit, in particular a protective clothing unit having fragment protection, preferably having a protective function against fragments created and/or released by detonation and/or explosion, comprising outerwear and/or underwear and possibly comprising separate head and/or face protection, neck protection, shoulder protection, arm protection, hand protection, trunk protection, torso protection, genital and/or anal protection, and/or leg protection, wherein the protective clothing unit has fragment protection elements, preferably textile fragment protection elements, which are specific and different from each other and which are associated with different body regions when worn and/or cover different body regions when worn, preferably having a protective function against fragments created and/or released by detonation and/or explosion.

Abstract: A foldable ballistic body armor system having a linear arrangement of body panels. The linear arrangement of body panels includes a central body panel from which a front subset of body panels depends from a front edge of the central body panel while a rear subset of body panels depends from a front edge of the central body panel so that when a user crowns the central body panel, the front and rear body panels protect the front and rear flanks of the user under the urging of gravity in a deployment condition defining a rectangular prism. Each body panel is pivotably connected to its adjacent so that the overall system is foldable between a storage condition and the deployment condition.

Abstract: A system and methods of an active protection system (or “APS”) for a platform. The APS has a threat cueing sensor provided at a first position on the platform where the threat cueing sensor detects a threat launched from a threat guidance system at a distance away from the platform. The APS also has a logic system operably connected to the threat cueing sensor where the logic system is adapted to determine an estimated location of the threat guidance system via a distance away from the platform. The APS also has a laser source operably connected to the logic system where the laser source emits a countermeasure beam directed at the estimated location of the threat guidance system to deter the threat away from the platform.

Abstract: An explosive reactive armor (ERA) enclosure for an ERA tile includes a bottom and a plurality of sidewalls extending from the bottom, where the plurality of sidewalls are continuous with each other and with the bottom so as to define an internal volume. The plurality of sidewalls are formed from a fiber-reinforced composite material having a plurality of plies of fiber sheet material. Additionally, a sidewall seam defined by abutting edges of the first ply is offset from a sidewall seam defined by abutting edges of the second ply. Methods of manufacturing ERA enclosures, including applying wrap layers and forming attachment structures for securing the fiber-reinforced composite ERA enclosure to an armor element, are also described. The composite enclosure is inexpensive and lightweight and improves the dynamic capabilities of armored vehicles using such ERA tiles.

Abstract: A material created from interlocking parts is shown and described. Each interlocking includes a first side connected to a main beam at one end and a second side connected to the opposing end of the main beam. The interlocking part includes plurality of loops connected at least to the main beam. The interlocking part is configured to be secured to at least one additional interlocking part via the loops.

Abstract: A portable flamethrower is provided. It includes a fuel supply, including an externally powered fuel pump in flow communication with a nozzle and a fuel tank. An ignition system is provided to effect igniting of a stream of liquid fuel. An electronic control system is provided to effect selective operation of the ignition system and the fuel system, and preclude their operation if operation criteria are not met.

Abstract: In a brake for detachable arrangement on projectiles, the brake is configured with a surface which is situated in the direction of travel of the projectile, where the surface is larger than a surface given by ?R2-?r2, where R is the outer radius of the brake and r is the inner radius of the brake. A method for braking projectiles is also provided.

Abstract: A procedure for producing a warhead with controlled fragmentation includes manufacturing an inner shell and filling it with an explosive substance. The procedure further includes providing a net around the outer surface of the inner shell as well as depositing a material on and around the net. A warhead is produced by the procedure and includes an inner shell. A material applied to the warhead comprises weak points for guided fragmentation of the deposited material upon detonation of the warhead.

Abstract: Metallic solid projectile for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the solid projectile comprises a front-side ogival portion and a cylinder portion for holding the solid projectile in a cartridge case and defines a projectile length in the axial direction, wherein the ogival portion has an ogival wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogival cavity circumferentially bounded by the ogival wall, wherein it is provided that a fully cylindrical stem portion of the solid projectile extends in the axial direction over less than 45% of the projectile length.

Abstract: A magazine accessory includes a magazine pouch including a body having an open end for inserting or removing therethrough a magazine. An elastic retention device is pivotally coupled to the body at a pivot so that the elastic retention device can be positioned over the open end. The elastic retention device is constructed of an elastic cord with a stiffening layer, such that the elastic cord can be pulled over the magazine and press against the magazine to retain the magazine in the body of the magazine pouch. The stiffening layer keeps the elastic retention device pivoted away from the magazine when the elastic retention device is pivoted away from the magazine towards a side of the body.

Abstract: A cartridge case and projectile combination having a maximum length of 1.6?. The cartridge case to receive a projectile has a rebated rim of a 0.535? diameter, body length from web to shoulder of 0.7003?, a case shoulder angle of 42°, a longitudinal distance between said shoulder and neck of 0.1557?, a case neck length of 0.229?, a mouth. The cartridge case has a total case length of 1.285?. The projectile includes a front section having a length of 0.315? that extends past said cartridge case and a back section from the front section to a base of the projectile that fits inside of the case at the mouth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a subsonic ammunition cartridge including a polymeric casing body comprising a generally cylindrical hollow polymer body having a body base at a first end thereof and a mouth at a second end to define a propellant chamber; a propellant insert positioned in the propellant chamber to reduce the internal volume of the propellant chamber, wherein the propellant chamber has an internal volume that is between 25 and 80% less than the open internal volume of a standard casing of equivalent caliber; and a primer insert positioned at the body base and in communication with the propellant chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems for illuminating an arrow nock or bolt end are disclosed, including providing a lighted nock having: a nock body which has a portion for attachment to an arrow or shaft and a slotted proximate end adapted to receive a bowstring; and a detent member, a luminous assembly, and a push member all of which are at least partially disposed within the nock body, wherein the push member comprises a recess and at least a portion of the push member protrudes into the proximate end; attaching the lighted nock to the bowstring, thereby releasing the portion of the detent member from within the recess of the push member; drawing the bowstring; and releasing the bowstring, thereby withdrawing the bowstring from the slot, and illuminating the nock. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A detonator installation (10) in which a detonator fire capacitor (36) which is connected in series with an inductor (18) is charged from a low voltage source (16) by repeatedly opening and closing a switch (20) thereby to cause a collapsing magnetic field in the inductor (18) which results in a charging current flow to the capacitor (36).

Abstract: Systems for delivering explosives including homogenizing agents and methods of delivering explosives including homogenizing agents are provided. Methods of mixing homogenizing agents with emulsion matrices are also provided. The methods can include supplying an emulsion matrix, mixing a homogenizing agent with the emulsion matrix into a mixed product, and homogenizing the mixed product into a homogenized product. The homogenized product can be sensitized and/or conveyed to a blasthole.