Abstract: An optical system including a dual-layer microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device, and methods of fabricating and operating the same are disclosed. Generally, the MEMS device includes a substrate having an upper surface; a top modulating layer including a number of light modulating micro-ribbons, each micro-ribbon supported above and separated from the upper surface of the substrate by spring structures in at least one lower actuating layer; and a mechanism for moving one or more of the micro-ribbons relative to the upper surface and/or each other. The spring structures are operable to enable the light modulating micro-ribbons to move continuously and vertically relative to the upper surface of the substrate while maintaining the micro-ribbons substantially parallel to one another and the upper surface of the substrate. The micro-ribbons can be reflective, transmissive, partially reflective/transmissive, and the device is operable to modulate a phase and/or amplitude of light incident thereon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple method for ablating a protective thin film on a bulk surface and roughening the underlying bulk. In an embodiment, silicon nitride thin films, which are useful as etch-stop masks in micro- and nano-fabrication, is removed from a silicon wafer's surface using a hand-held “flameless” Tesla-coil lighter. Vias created by a spatially localized electron beam from the lighter allow a practitioner to perform micro- and nano-fabrication without the conventional steps of needing a photoresist and photolithography. Patterning could be achieved with a hard mask or rastering of the spatially confined discharge, offering—with low barriers to rapid use—particular capabilities that might otherwise be out of reach to researchers without access to conventional, instrumentation-intensive micro- and nano-fabrication workflows.

Abstract: A method for producing a microelectromechanical sensor. The microelectromechanical sensor is produced by connecting a cap wafer to a sensor wafer. The cap wafer has a bonding structure for connecting the cap wafer to the sensor wafer. The sensor wafer has a sensor core having a movable structure. The cap wafer has a stop structure for limiting an excursion of the movable structure. The method includes a first step and a second step following the first step, the stop surface of the stop structure being situated at the level of the original surface of the unprocessed cap wafer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO2+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O2+ and O2? ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

Abstract: A process for producing a low-cost water-reactive metal sulfide material includes dissolving a substantially anhydrous alkali metal salt and a substantially anhydrous sulfide compound in a substantially anhydrous polar solvent, providing differential solubility for a substantially high solubility alkali metal sulfide and a substantially low solubility by-product, and forming a mixture of the high solubility alkali metal sulfide and the low solubility by-product; separating the low solubility by-product from the mixture to isolate the supernatant including the alkali metal sulfide, and separating the polar solvent from the alkali metal sulfide to produce the alkali metal sulfide. The present invention provides a scalable process for production of a high purity alkali metal sulfide that is essentially free of undesired by-products.

Abstract: A method of preparing lithium iron phosphate by recycling and utilizing waste batteries. The method may include pre-processing a waste lithium iron phosphate battery to obtain lithium iron phosphate powder, adding alkaline liquid to the lithium iron phosphate powder, and filtering to obtain a filter residue; an iron source, a lithium source or a phosphorus source to the filter residue, and performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product; preparing a carbon source solution, and adding a surfactant to the carbon source solution to obtain a mixed solution; mixing the ball-milled product and the mixed solution, performing spray pyrolysis to obtain a high-temperature powder, spraying atomized water to the high-temperature powder to remove impurities, and then calcining to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing ammonia or hydrogen may include a) a gas stream feed conduit having a connecting conduit to a steam reformer with a waste heat section; b) a heat exchanger downstream of the gas stream feed conduit; c) a gas stream preheater downstream of the heat exchanger; d) a recirculation conduit which is located downstream of the gas stream preheater and leads to the gas stream feed conduit or, upstream of the heat exchanger, to the connecting conduit; and e) the steam reformer with the waste heat section, where the waste heat section may be in thermal contact with the gas stream preheater and the flow of the gas stream which has been heated in the gas stream preheater through the recirculation conduit can be regulated. A process for producing ammonia or hydrogen may employ such an apparatus.

Abstract: Processes and systems that utilize methane pyrolysis for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to a methane pyrolysis unit. The methane pyrolysis unit converts methane to solid carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon-based gas, the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure including at least Ba, Zr, and Ru; and a hydrocarbon reforming apparatus that includes the hydrocarbon-reforming catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems of providing carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles. Then, annealing the metal coated carbon nanotubes to reduce a quantity of hydrophilic components of the polymer coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an ice-nucleating particle for cloud seeding and other applications, which can initiate ice nucleation at a temperature of ?8° C. Further, the ice nucleation particle number increased continuously and rapidly with the reducing of temperature. The ice nucleating particle in the present invention is a nanostructured porous composite of 3-dimensional reduced graphene oxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles (PrGO-SN). The present invention also provides for a process for synthesizing the PrGO-SN.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of production of a silica concentrate from geothermal fluids. More particularly, although not exclusively, the invention relates to the production of a colloidal silica concentrate, colloidal silica or precipitated silica from high temperature geothermal fluids by ultrafiltration to produce size-specific silica colloids and step-wise concentration of silica to avoid precipitation or gelling.

Abstract: Provided are a negative electrode active material which includes negative electrode active material particles which includes a silicon oxide (SiOx, 0<x?2); and at least one lithium silicate selected from Li2SiO3, Li2Si2O5, and Li4SiO4 in at least a part of the silicon oxide. The negative electrode active material particles have a maximum peak position by a Raman spectrum of more than 460 cm?1 and less than 500 cm?1. Also provided are a method of preparing the same, and a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode active material.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for synthesizing materials, including an initial synthesis in the presence of WS-ODSO (which can include a pH-modified WS-ODSO composition, in certain embodiments a neutralized WS-ODSO composition), and one or more subsequent syntheses using supernatant (“mother liquor”) from a previous synthesis of the same or different materials. The synthesized materials in the initial synthesis and in subsequent synthesis can be the same or different inorganic oxide materials including amorphous oxides, crystalline oxides or oxides of metals. The methods advantageously reduce the amount of utility water required for synthesizing a material and reduce the water waste, and reduce the DSO waste from a refinery and discharge into the environment. In certain embodiments the methods reduce the requirements to procure an alkaline reagent required for synthesizing materials. In certain embodiments, supernatant can be recycled over multiple synthesis batches of the same or different type of material.

Abstract: A system and method of generating ammonia can include an acid and an ammonia precursor.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a process for selective adsorption and recovery of lithium from natural and synthetic brines, and more particular to a process for recovering lithium from a natural or synthetic brine solution by passing the brine solution through a lithium selective adsorbent in a continuous countercurrent adsorption and desorption circuit.

Abstract: A method for extracting a rare earth metal from a mixture of one or more rare earth metals, said method comprising contacting an acidic solution of the rare earth metal with a composition which comprises an ionic liquid to form an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase into which the rare earth metal has been selectively extracted, wherein the ionic liquid has the formula [Ca++][X?], where [X?] represents a phosphinate anion.

Abstract: Provided are a barium titanate powder having spherical shape fine particles which have an average particle diameter (D50) in a range of about 140-270 nm, a tetragonal structure having a markedly improved tetragonality (c/a) in a range of 1.007-1.01 in contrast to the conventional composition, and at the same time, a markedly improved crystallinity in a range of 93-96%, thereby showing improved dielectric properties, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, as a nanocrystalline material having excellent handling properties, which can overcome the above-mentioned problems of a nanocrystalline material having a powdery form while satisfactorily maintaining the properties of the nanocrystalline material (e.g., excellent catalytic activity). A thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, characterized in that the thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal includes a thin-film-like connected assembly in which a plurality of nanocrystalline pieces each having a flake-like form and having a main surface and an end surface are connected to each other, the main surfaces of the plurality of nanocrystalline pieces exposed to the outside of the connected assembly are arranged so as to form gaps therebetween, and the connected assembly has a plan view area of 1 mm2 or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery, and discloses a Lithium-Manganese-rich material and a preparation method and a use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ferromagnetic element-substituted room-temperature multiferroic material having ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature, wherein the ferromagnetic element-substituted room-temperature multiferroic material includes a compound of chemical formula 1: <chemical formula 1> (Pb1-xMx)Fe1/2Nb1/2O3. In chemical formula 1, M represents a ferromagnetic element, and x represents a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1.

Abstract: A ternary oxide based composite cathode material for a lithium-sulfur battery and a preparation method thereof are provided wherein the composite cathode material includes: sulfur and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 or LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<x+y<1), wherein a sulfur content is 50 wt. %-80 wt. %. The host has adsorption and catalytic effects on polar polysulfides, which can fix sulfur and promote electrochemical reactions, thereby preparing lithium-sulfur battery with high capacity and high stability.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in a water treatment system includes an influent inlet, to receive a flow of fluid containing contaminants a gas flow inlet, to receive a flow of gas to be mixed with the fluid in a mixing zone, an airflow controlling component, including an array of vanes disposed between the gas flow inlet and the mixing zone to impart a rotational component to a direction of flow of the gas. A channel receives the flow of fluid containing contaminants, and conducts the flow of fluid containing contaminants to the mixing zone, wherein radially outwardly flowing fluid containing contaminants is mixed with radially inwardly flowing gas to atomize the fluid containing contaminants, and an outlet.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen isotope adsorbent with differential binding properties and including mesoporous silica doped with fluorine.

Abstract: Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, and an electrical connector positioned at a distal end of a concentric electrode and electrically connected to the electrode. The electrical connectors may be configured to provide a substantially even current distribution to the concentric electrode and minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be configured to cause a temperature of an electrolyte solution to increase by less than about 0.5° C. while transmitting at least 100 W of power.

Abstract: A system and method for water purification by capture of contaminants in an aqueous mixture is described herein. A system and method for regenerating the capture system is also described. An integrated capture and regeneration system and method is also described including a separation vessel that houses a capture bed and an electrode in electrical contact with the bed and a power source for applying a voltage to the electrode. The applied voltage enhances capture of the contaminant from aqueous liquid on the capture bed and modulation of the applied voltage enhances release of contaminant on the capture bed into aqueous wash liquid to regenerate the bed. The aqueous wash liquid may contain a counter ion that binds to the contaminant forming an aggregate contaminant phase that separates from the aqueous wash liquid.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the kinetically efficient reduction of selenate species to selenide species using chromous ions in acidic solution. This reduction may advantageously be carried out in the presence of sulphate species, with selective selenate reduction in preference to the reduction of sulfate. The reduced selenate may be removed from the chromous-treated solution, for example by precipitation of a copper-selenide solid. The chromic ions formed by reaction of chromous ions in the reduction of selenate may also be removed from solution, for example by addition of a base to form an insoluble chromic hydroxide solid. The chromic hydroxide may be recycled to regenerate chromous ions, for example by electrolysis. In this way, systems are provided for continuously removing dissolved selenium from wastewater streams.

Abstract: Fluid purification systems employing a monolithic composite photocatalyst to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or pathogenic organisms are disclosed. Pairing of systems tuned to abate each of these materials are discussed in different configurations such as series and parallel, as well as combining systems to target both materials simultaneously. System configurations that allow a portion of the fluid stream to be purified are also disclosed as are configurations that allow regeneration of the photocatalyst. These features may be augmented by sensors that allow closed loop control of bypass and regeneration cycles in the systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses recycling treatment equipment for recycling heavy metals from complexed heavy metal wastewater, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The recycling treatment equipment includes a wastewater separation and concentration component, an oxidization and decomplexing component, an electrolytic recovery component, and an intelligent detection component. Wastewater containing complexed heavy metals is divided into fresh water and concentrated water by performing microfiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis purification pretreatment, and the fresh water is then recycled in a targeted manner, so that the equipment has energy conservation and discharge reduction effects, can decomplex and recycle heavy metals in the concentrated water, and also synchronously purifies the fresh water. The whole process has the advantages of simple operation, zero sludge, and low treatment cost, so that the equipment is suitable for being greatly promoted.

Abstract: A molten glass cutting apparatus comprises a first support portion, a second support portion, a restriction portion and an applying portion. The first support portion supports a shear blade so as to be rotatable around a first axis extending in the width direction of the shear blade. The second support portion supports the shear blade so as to be rotatable around a second axis extending in the length direction of the shear blade. The restriction portion restricts rotation of the shear blade provided with the first support portion around the first axis so that inclined portions of a projecting portions of each of a pair of the shear blades face each other when a pair of the shear blades are separated. The applying portion applies an elastic force around the first axis for pressing a pair of the shear blades against each other to the shear blade provided with the first support portion.

Abstract: An improved a glazing unit including a glass panel which is low in reflectance for RF radiation, a coating system which is high in reflectance for RF radiation disposed on the said glass panel and creating onto the glazing unit a dual band bandpass filter. The glazing unit further includes at least one frequencies selective decoated portion of the coating system extending along a plane, P, defined by a longitudinal axis, X, and a vertical axis, Z; having a width, DW, measured along the longitudinal axis, X, and a length, DL, measured along the vertical axis, Z. The at least one frequencies selective decoated portion includes a first decoated element that includes a plurality of unit cells forming a regular grid of n rows by m columns unit cells and a plurality of second decoated elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are optical glass, a glass preform or an optical element made therefrom and an optical instrument. The optical glass is calculated by a mass percentage content relative to a total mass of glass converted by an oxide, and the optical glass includes: B2O3: 5˜25%, La2O3: 25?45%, Gd2O3: 15?35%, Y2O3: 0?10%, Yb2O3: 0˜10%, Nb2O5: 2?15%, SiO2: 0.5˜15%, ZrO2: 1?15%, TiO2: 0.5˜10% and WO3: 0˜10%, a weight ratio of Nb2O5 to TiO2, i.e., Nb2O5/TiO2, is 2.17?8.5, and Ta2O5 is not contained.

Abstract: A glass includes the following components in % by weight: 2-10 wt-% SiO2, 2-10 wt-% B2O3, 40-55 wt-% La2O3, 4-11 wt-% Gd2O3, 6-14 wt-% Nb2O5, 8-18.5 wt-% TiO2, and 5-11 wt-% ZrO2. The glass has a refractive index nd of at least 2.02, a sum of the portions of La2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2 and ZrO2 is at least 76.5% by weight, and a weight ratio of a sum of the portions of La2O3, Nb2O5 and ZrO2 to the portion of TiO2 is at least 3.85:1.

Abstract: A glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion in a temperature range from 20° C. to 300° C. of 4.5 ppm/K or less, and a T4 temperature, defined as the temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 104 dPa*s, at 1500° C. or more, and having a reboil propensity score of less than 10 measured in a reboil propensity test. The reboil propensity score is determined as a number of bubbles per glass rod formed from the glass after the reboil propensity test.

Abstract: A glass frit according to this application may include a composition of P2O5, V2O5, TeO2, CuO, ZnO, and BaO configured to replace a conventional lead glass composition and enable a low temperature calcination. A coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass frit may be matched with that of a glass substrate. The composition may not include an inorganic filler or at least reduce a content of an inorganic filler to reduce or prevent separation and breakage and to improve durability. The glass frit may be used as a paste for a vacuum glass assembly.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing a structure comprising the following steps: preparation of UHPFRC comprising a cement precursor mix, of water, a fluidizing agent and metal fibers, transporting the UHPFRC by pumping to a suitable spray nozzle, spraying the mix onto a surface of the structure by the addition of a compressed air stream in the spray nozzle.

Abstract: Method and composition for producing aggregates from cement and concrete, including residual or returned concrete. Exemplary methods involve the use of an aggregate-forming inducer that provides a surface anchoring site for cement paste to bond/adhere, such as shredded news print, cardboard, or mixtures thereof, and also including fiber materials such as polymers, glass, and other material fibers. The aggregate-forming inducer is mixed with fresh concrete until aggregates are formed.

Abstract: Dispersion-based ready-to-use grout formulations, methods of making such dispersion-based ready-to-use grout formulations, and the resultant grout products that perform as reactive resin grout products. The grout formulations of the invention at least include a water-based acrylic polymer dispersion binder and a water-based acrylate copolymer dispersion binder, in combination with one or more of an alkaline cross-linker, one or more silane adhesion promoters and/or a micro-fiber filler, along with various other constituents, to provide one-part ready-to-use grout formulations that require no mixing prior to use thereof. The resultant grout products of the invention meet performance standards of epoxy grout products, without requiring mixing of composition parts and without any adverse side effects.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are concrete and asphalt crack filler compounds and methods for utilizing them. According to some embodiments, a method of utilizing one of the compounds can include the steps of (1) obtaining a surface crack filler compound, (2) depositing the surface crack filler compound into a surface crack (e.g., concrete, asphalt, etc.), and (3) depositing water onto the surface crack filler compound to cause the surface crack filler compound to solidify and fill the surface crack. Additionally, and according to some embodiments, the method can further include, prior to depositing the surface crack filler compound into the surface crack: removing debris from the surface crack using at least one of a brush, pressurized air, or pressurized water.

Abstract: A lightweight composite composition includes a plurality of lightweight particles including a volume of at least about 10% of a total volume of the lightweight composite composition. The plurality of lightweight particles includes an average bulk density within a range from about 0.001 g/cc to about 1.5 g/cc and an average particle size within a range from about 0.01 microns to about 90 mm. Methods of manufacturing a lightweight composite composition are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of low temperature co-fireable barium tungstate materials which can be used in combination with high dielectric materials, such as nickel zinc ferrite, to form composite structures, in particular for isolators and circulators for radiofrequency components. Embodiments of the material can include flux, such as bismuth vanadate, to reduce co-firing temperatures.

Abstract: The MnZn ferrite material includes principal components and auxiliary components, where the principal components include: 52.5 mol % to 53.8 mol % of Fe2O3, 8.8 mol % to 12 mol % of ZnO, and the balance of MnO; the auxiliary components include: 0.35 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Co2O3, 0.03 wt % to 0.08 wt % of CaSiO3, 0.01 wt % to 0.04 wt % of Nb2O5, and 0.05 wt % to 0.12 wt % of TiO2 and RE elemental components; the RE elemental components include one or more from the group consisting of 0 wt % to 0.04 wt % of Gd2O3, 0 wt % to 0.02 wt % of Ho2O3, and 0 wt % to 0.03 wt % of Ce2O3; the auxiliary components are all represented by a mass percentage relative to a total mass of the Fe2O3, the MnO, and the ZnO.

Abstract: A ceramic waveguide includes: a doped metal oxide ceramic core layer; and at least one cladding layer comprising the metal oxide surrounding the core layer, such that the core layer includes an erbium dopant and at least one rare earth metal dopant being: lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, or oxides thereof, or at least one non-rare earth metal dopant comprising zirconium or oxides thereof. Also included is a quantum memory including: at least one doped polycrystalline ceramic optical device with the ceramic waveguide and a method of fabricating the ceramic waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention discloses potassium sodium bismuth niobate tantalate zirconate ferrite ceramics with non-stoichiometric Nb5+ and a preparation method therefor. A ceramic powder with a general formula of (K0.45936Na0.51764Bi0.023)(Nb0.89958+0.957xTa0.05742Zr0.04Fe0.003)O3 (?0.01?x?0.04) is prepared by a traditional solid phase method; and then piezoelectric ceramics are prepared by traditional electronic ceramic preparation processes such as granulating, molding, binder removal, sintering and silvering test. An excessive amount of Nb5+ doping improves the temperature stability of the ceramics by providing a domain wall pinning effect. This result demonstrates the promise of potassium sodium bismuth niobate tantalate zirconate ferrite ceramics for a wide range of applications, including sensors, actuators, and other electronic devices.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered material comprising cubic boron nitride grains, a binder phase, and a void, in which a percentage of the cubic boron nitride grains based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 40 vol % to 70 vol %, a percentage of the binder phase based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 30 vol % to 60 vol %, the binder phase includes 10 vol % to 100 vol % of aluminum oxide grains, an average grain size of the aluminum oxide grains is 50 to 250 nm, the cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises 0.001 vol % to 0.100 vol % of one or more first voids, and at least one portion of each of the first voids is in contact with the aluminum oxide grains.

Abstract: A composition including a binder and a variable thermal conductivity material satisfying a conditional expression 1, wherein a content of the variable thermal conductivity material is from 300 parts by weight to 10,000 parts by weight with respect to a content of 100 parts by weight of the binder: ?max/?25?1.2??[conditional expression 1] (wherein, ?25 represents a thermal conductivity at 25° C., and ?max represents the maximum value of a thermal conductivity at 200° C. or 500° C.).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a turbomachine blade made of ceramic matrix composite component includes at least a structural part and a functional part secured to the structural part, the method including obtaining an assembly including a first preform of the functional part that is mounted on a second preform of the structural part or on the structural part, the first preform including a fibrous reinforcement of short fibres, and the second preform or the structural part comprising a woven fibrous reinforcement, and densification of the first preform of the assembly by infiltration with a molten composition.

Abstract: A method of bonding includes applying a glass composition to at least a first material surface. The glass composition includes a glass powder and a solvent. The first material surface is disposed onto a second material surface. An elevated temperature is applied to the first material surface and the second material surface to form a bond between the first material surface and the second material surface. The first material surface and the second material surface are compressed under an isostatic pressure.

Abstract: A barrier coating system may include a super alloy or ceramic matrix composite (CMC) substrate underneath a bond coat. The barrier coating system may also include a calcium-magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) resistant coating configured to protect metallic, or oxide-based or silicon based components in a harsh CMAS environment.

Abstract: The disclosure describes braze tape coatings and technique to form articles with differing physical properties in different layers or regions of the article. An example method includes forming a braze tape defining at least one layer that includes a first segment and a second segment. A portion of the second segment in the plane is adjacent to a portion of the first segment in a plane of the layer. The method also includes positioning the braze tape on a surface of a substrate, the plane of the layer of the braze tape being parallel to the surface of the substrate. The method also includes heating the braze tape to melt a constituent of at least one of the first coating material and the second coating material to form a densified coating on the surface of the substrate.