Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 01310057 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 01310057, to the plants of soybean cultivar 01310057, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 01310057, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 01310057. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 01310057. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 01310057, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 01310057 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 87470849 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 87470849, to the plants of soybean cultivar 87470849, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 87470849, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 87470849. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 87470849. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 87470849, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 87470849 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated 5PCRV00 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety 5PCRV00, cells from soybean variety 5PCRV00, plants of soybean 5PCRV00, and plant parts of soybean variety 5PCRV00. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety 5PCRV00 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety 5PCRV00, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety 5PCRV00, and methods of characterizing soybean variety 5PCRV00. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety 5PCRV00 are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated 5PPYZ44 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety 5PPYZ44, cells from soybean variety 5PPYZ44, plants of soybean 5PPYZ44, and plant parts of soybean variety 5PPYZ44. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety 5PPYZ44 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety 5PPYZ44, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety 5PPYZ44, and methods of characterizing soybean variety 5PPYZ44. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety 5PPYZ44 are further provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to cotton variety designated 20R738B3XF. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants, plant parts and derivatives of the cotton variety 20R738B3XF. Also provided by the invention are methods of using cotton variety 20R738B3XF and products derived therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing cotton plants by crossing the cotton variety 20R738B3XF with itself or another cotton variety and plants and seeds produced by such methods.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a frothing assembly (21) to froth milk in a container (11). The assembly (21) includes: a body (25); a motor (33) fixed to the body and having an output shaft (34) that is rotatably driven about a longitudinal axis (35) of the shaft (34); a frothing device (36) rotatably driven by the shaft (34) and to be submerged in the milk in the container (11); and a perforated member (43) at least partly surrounding the frothing device (36) and spaced from the frothing device (36) by a clearance (44), wherein rotation of the frothing device (36) causes movement of milk in the clearance (44) and movement of milk through the perforated member (43) to be circulated back through the container (11) and the clearance (44) to cause frothing of the milk.

Abstract: An animal vehicle seat support system for retaining in a stable position by gyroscopic functionality includes a cradle having a top portion and a bottom portion. The cradle encloses an interior for receiving a small animal. A base ring extends around the cradle such that the base ring is rotationally attached to the cradle about a first axis. A frame is removably mounted to the vehicle seat and is attached to the base ring such that the base ring is rotational relative to the frame about a second axis. The frame includes a front support and a back support. A retainer is coupled to the cradle and is removably coupled to a harness of the small animal positioned within the interior of the cradle.

Abstract: A method of opening a door of a pet enclosure includes pushing a tab of a latch toward an interior of the pet enclosure with a first hand so that the door of the pet enclosure is vertically displaceable. The method further includes vertically lifting the door with a second hand so that a horizontal wire rod of the door is traversed in front of the tab. The method further includes rotating the door from a closed position to an opened position.

Abstract: An animal enclosure including a plurality of members defining an interior of the enclosure. The plurality of members includes a first member having a frame and a door formed by a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires. The door is pivotable with respect to the frame and a latch maintains the door in a closed position when latched. At least one of the wires of the door assembly is configured to include one of an access portion and a tab, and at least one of the wires of the frame assembly includes the other of the access portion and the tab. The latch, when moved to an open position, enables sliding movement of the door with respect to the frame. Alignment of the access portion and tab provides for opening of the door and pivoting movement of the door with respect to the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved bonding mitt for small animals. Embodiments of the present invention provide a therapeutic bonding mitt having a soft exterior surface comprised of fleece, a textured interior, an opening for a hand, and a webbed structure that comforts the animal being handled. The soft exterior provides a surface to cradle or pet an animal with a feel that's more comforting to the animal than that of a human hand while the interior provides a texture for grip. These elements are attached in a manner that creates a webbed structure that also enhances the therapeutic effect on the animal being handled and a hand opening that enables a user to comfortably place their hand into the therapeutic bonding mitt.

Abstract: A birth control device for preventing a female animal from copulating includes a pair of panties, which is positionable on a rear end of a female animal. A pair of rear legs and a tail of the female animal extend through a pair of first holes and a second hole, respectively, which are positioned in the panties. Because a vagina of the female animal is covered, the panties deter copulation of the female animal. The second hole is sized such that a rectum of the animal is exposed, thus allowing for defecation by the animal. At least a portion of the panties is meshed and is positioned over the vagina of the female animal allowing for urination by the animal.

Abstract: A cat scratcher having a frame of sidewalls encompassing a block of open-fluted cardboard and a planar back member with a removable panel. Removing the panel exposes a surface of the block of open-fluted cardboard. The panel may be defined by perforations in the planar back member.

Abstract: A dog waste carrier that can be securely attached to a leash that is used to walk a dog. The dog waste carrier is discreet and unobtrusive. The dog waste carrier is composed of an exterior panel and an interior panel. The exterior panel has a bag dispenser to hold bags for use while walking a dog. The dog waste carrier also includes a main body having an interior for holding used dog waste bags until the end of the walk. The interior of the main body of the dog waste carrier may be configured to include a pouch to contain a charcoal packet to minimize odors. The dog waste carrier is folded along fold lines to be fitted securely over a dog leash so that the individual does not have to carry the dog waste bag or dog waste carrier while walking.

Abstract: An animal monitoring device includes memory circuitry, interface circuitry configured to communicate via short-range wireless communication to a second animal monitoring device and via cellular communication, and processor circuitry configured to obtain, from a first sensor, sensor data having a first transmission deadline and provide the sensor data into a sensor data set.

Abstract: An adjustable feeder pan system for feeding poultry and a related method is provided. The feeder pan system includes a cone portion, an excluder portion that includes a number of anti-rake and radially disposed fins, a skirt, a feed pan, a cap, and optionally a feed shut-off component. The cone includes a pair of stops that may selectively engage with one of a number of pairs of corresponding slots of varying depths on the excluder portion so as to provide multiple feed levels as desired and depending upon the size and age of the poultry being fed.

Abstract: A feed-mixing device for receiving, mixing and dispensing animal feed includes a frame with a mixing bin for receiving and mixing the animal feed therein and dispensing it therefrom, at least one mixing device rotatably drivable in the mixing bin using a drive, in particular a vertical mixing auger, for mixing the received animal feed, and a weighing device for determining the weight of the animal feed received in the mixing bin, comprising N weighing elements, with N?2, each of which emits a weighing signal, and a control system for controlling the feed-mixing device and for processing the weighing signals from the weighing elements to produce the determined weight. The control system is configured to perform an, in particular fully automatic, calibration action of the weighing elements.

Abstract: A pet feeding device (10) for supplying and opening filled containers (12) has at least one stamp for indenting and/or bending an edge (46) of the container (12). In a method for supplying and opening filled containers an edge of the container is indented and/or bent before opening about at least one substantially horizontal axis.

Abstract: An automatic animal feeder has two bowls and a base unit which accepts the bowls. Two lids are provided, one for each bowl, which may be closed to cover the bowl and prevent access to it or opened about a hinge means to allow access to the bowl. A lid control mechanism is capable of keeping either lid closed independently or opening either lid independently. A removable joining member is provided that links the two lids so that one lid cannot open unless the other lid can also open.

Abstract: A benthonic animal isolation frame and a method for studying an aquatic ecosystem by using the same is provided. The benthonic animal isolation frame includes side surfaces and a bottom surface of the isolation frame as hollow structures. Joints of the side surfaces and the bottom surface are provided with clamping grooves. The bottom surface is provided with a filter membrane; and the filter membrane is fixed on the bottom surface through the clamping grooves. The benthonic animal isolation frame can be used for easily studying the influence of the benthonic animal and excrement thereof on a water body ecological system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an integrated rice-crayfish-oriental river prawn planting-breeding method. The method includes the following steps: stocking crayfish postlarvae in a paddy field as an integrated rice-crayfish-oriental river prawn farming area from February to March, catching and marketing the crayfish from May to June; planting in mid-June, sun-drying rice seedlings in the field in late June, cleaning and disinfecting a ring ditch surrounding the paddy field, and transplanting some aquatic plants; stocking oriental river prawn postlarvae in early July; harvesting ripe rice in late October; and catching and marketing the oriental river prawns in November. On the premise that the rice planting area is not reduced, the present disclosure realizes the effective expansion of time and space of the paddy field and improves comprehensive benefits of rice-fish farming in the form of integrated rice-crayfish-oriental river prawn planting-breeding.

Abstract: A single-seed shellfish floating aquaculture system includes rack bodies, mesh bags, and floats cooperating with each other. The rack bodies, the mesh bags and the floats are of a split structure and can be assembled into a whole. The rack bodies are made of corrosion resistant and rust resistant materials and assembled from a group of detachable flat-shaped structural members, a plurality of accommodation spaces are formed in the assembled rack bodies, the mesh bags are provided within the accommodation spaces, the floats are fixed on the rack bodies, and the single shellfish seedlings are directly put into the mesh bags to achieve single shellfish farming.

Abstract: A smart fishing rod includes a rod assembly, a spring assembly, and a magnetic track assembly. In one embodiment, the rod assembly resembles a modular fishing rod that is used in recreational fishing. The spring assembly is mounted towards the handle portion of the rod assembly. Additionally, the spring assembly includes a hooked spring and a nibble spring. The spring assembly is also operatively connected to a plurality of LED lights to notify a user when a fish is caught or nibbles on the line of the rod assembly. When a fish is caught, the magnet track assembly allows for the reel within the sliding reel holder to move back and forth thereby notifying a user that there is a fish on the line.

Abstract: The present invention discloses devices for a durable insect bait station for biting flies in blood-seeking mode and methods therein. The devices include: an elastomeric membrane for providing access to the bait station, the elastomeric membrane adapted to be permeable to volatile components, and the elastomeric membrane configured to allow easy insect-probe penetration for biting flies in blood-seeking mode; a bait core for providing bait to the bait station, the bait core including: at least one blood-feeding stimulant (BFS) for inducing feeding of the biting flies on the bait core; and at least one insect toxin; wherein the bait core is configured to be substantially in direct contact with the elastomeric membrane; and a support element for attaching the elastomeric membrane and the bait core to a fixed structure. Alternatively, the BFS for inducing the feeding is operative at an ambient temperature below an average mammal temperature.

Abstract: A weeding system for an agricultural weeding vehicle including at least one camera for mounting on an agricultural vehicle to acquire an image of a portion of a field while the agricultural vehicle is moving. The system also includes a spraying unit to be mounted on the agricultural vehicle, a control unit to receive images from the camera, generate a weed species detection signal and selectively cause the spraying of a chemical agent by the spraying unit on the basis of the weed species detection signal. The control unit executes a training-based algorithm based on a set of reference images labeled to indicate the presence or not of at least one weed species in the images.

Abstract: An animal trap for safely trapping animals that may be safely set with a single hand. The trap has a frame with an opening and a pair of doors that are pivotally affixed to the frame adjacent to the opening. The doors are movable between an open and closed position. A rotating assembly is connected to each door through a corresponding linkage that are pivotally connected to the rotating assembly and one of the doors. The rotating assembly is rotatably affixed to the frame and rotatable between a set position and a tripped position about an axis. A spring biases one of the doors toward its closed position and when the rotating assembly is in its set position. A trigger mechanism is pivotally affixed to the frame and has a set position and a tripped position, rotating the trigger mechanism will trip the trap.

Abstract: A rodent monitoring or killing mechanism includes a housing body having a resistive sensor and a wash down sensor operatively coupled to the resistive sensor. The wash down sensor distinguishes between the presence of water within the housing body and the presence of a rodent according to at least one measurement of resistance from the resistive sensor. The at least one measurement of resistance is created by contact of the resistance sensor with the water or the rodent.

Abstract: A vertical farming spraying system including a robotic mobile sprayer with a base and driving members. The robotic mobile sprayer includes a first cylindrical element connected to a first pump and a second cylindrical element connected to a second pump. A first mechanical support is mounted on the base, supporting a humidity sensor and a humidifier sprayer connected to the first pump; and a second mechanical support is mounted on the base, supporting a disinfection sensor and a disinfection sprayer connected to the second pump. A control unit controls operation of the driving members and mechanical supports, and of the pumps through the respective sensors via a flow control sensor. The vertical farming spraying system further includes a vertically oriented elongated cylindrical support encircled by a spiral path, designed to guide the robotic mobile sprayer from the base to the top for humidification and disinfection operations.

Abstract: A boom height control system for an agricultural crop sprayer includes a spray boom and an actuator arranged to adjust a position of at least a portion of the spray boom in response to a position adjustment command. A speed sensor is provided to measure a forward speed of the sprayer and generate a speed value. A position sensor is provided to measure a current position of the spray boom portion and generate a current position value. A controller is in communication with the speed sensor, the position sensor and the actuator. The controller is configured to generate the position adjustment command based upon a target position value, a current position value and a speed value.

Abstract: A system for an agricultural operation includes a first vehicle having an object sensor configured to capture data associated with one or more objects within the field and a location sensor configured to capture data associated with a location of each of the one or more objects. A computing system is communicatively coupled with the object sensor and the location sensor. The computing system is configured to identify at least one of the one or more objects as a weed, classify each of the identified weeds in a first set of weeds or a second set of weeds, and generate a weed map based on the classification of each of the first set of weeds and the second set of weeds.

Abstract: A system for the hypothermic transport of biological samples, such as tissues, organs, or body fluids. The system includes a self-purging preservation apparatus to suspend a sample in preservation fluid and perfuse a tissue with preservation fluid. The self-purging preservation apparatus is placed in an insulated transport container having a cooling medium. When assembled, the system allows for transport of biological samples for extended periods of time at a stable temperature.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for thawing cells using magnetic particles, such as Curie-magnetic or Néel-magnetic particles. In an embodiment, a cell storage medium for cryopreservation is included. The cell storage medium can include a cryoprotective agent; and a plurality of particles comprising a magnetic material. In an embodiment, a method for thawing a frozen cell sample is included. The method can include obtaining a frozen cell sample comprising particles, the particles comprising a magnetic material and applying an alternating electromagnetic field to the frozen cell sample to induce heating of the magnetic material. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Described herein is the preparation of an aqueous hop extract and a boiling water hop extract prepared from dried hop cones that were ground prior to extraction. As discussed below, extracts were prepared from a number of different hop varieties and were tested against a number of clinically relevant bacterial strains. As discussed herein, surprisingly, the boiling water extract showed greater antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract.

Abstract: Described are agricultural adjuvants that include oil, surfactant, and emulsifier, well as methods of preparing these adjuvants and methods of using these adjuvants in combination with a herbicide composition.

Abstract: A formulation and a composition that comprises it for promoting the pollination of pear crops (Pyrus) by biasing the foraging preferences of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The formulation comprises the compounds limonene, linalool and ?-pinene. Additionally, a method for targeting the bees' pollination activity towards the pear crops by using the formulation comprising the compounds limonene, linalool and ?-pinene.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present application, a composition for controlling a target pest comprises 0.1% to 4% isopropyl myristate, 0.1% to 15% thyme oil white, 0.1% to 2% geraniol, and at least one additional active ingredient selected from thymyl acetate, linalyl acetate, amyl butyrate, anise star oil, black seed oil, p-cymene, linalool, d-limonene, isopropyl myristate, lilac flower oil, methyl salicylate, alpha-pinene, piperonal, piperonyl alcohol, tetrahydrolinalool, thyme oil white, thyme oil red, thymol, vanillin, and wintergreen oil. The composition causes synergistic control of the target pest.

Abstract: Compositions having pesticidal activity and methods for their use are provided. Compositions include isolated and recombinant polypeptides having pesticidal activity, recombinant and synthetic nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides, DNA constructs and vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules, host cells comprising the vectors, and antibodies to the polypeptides. Nucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides can be used in DNA constructs or expression cassettes for transformation and expression in organisms of interest. The compositions and methods provided are useful for producing organisms with enhanced pest resistance or tolerance. Transgenic plants and seeds comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a pesticidal protein of the invention are also provided. Such plants are resistant to insects and other pests. Methods are provided for producing the various polypeptides disclosed herein, and for using those polypeptides for controlling or killing a pest.

Abstract: Synthesis of a compound 3,5-dinitro-N-(pyrimidin-2-ylcarbamothioyl)benzamide and its use as an insecticidal agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of plant material, especially seeds. The method uses vacuum pressure for disinfecting seeds from pathogens. Seed disinfection is important as seeds infected by pathogens could propagate them and lead to high losses of the crops. The method is applicable to seeds from cucurbit species specifically watermelon, melon, squash, pumpkin, cucumber and gourds but also seeds from solanaceous species specifically tomatoes, peppers and eggplants.

Abstract: Synthesis of a compound 2-oxo-2-({2-[(phenylcarbamoyl)oxy]ethyl}amino)ethyl phenylcarbamate and its use as an insecticidal agent.

Abstract: Compositions are provided that have at least two of three active ingredients. The active ingredients maybe a salt having a cation N? C8-C16 alkanoyl-L di-basic amino acid —C1-C4 alkyl ester, a glycerol monoester of a fatty acid and a sugar ester of a fatty acid. The compositions are useful in methods of killing or inhibiting planktonic bacteria or fungi and bacteria or fungi embedded in a biofilm and prevention of biofilm formation on surfaces. The composition may further comprise a hydrogel and a benefit agent such as an antibiotic that can be solubilized by the hydrogel and supplied to the biofilm matrix by the active ingredients of the composition. Devices such as chronic wound coverings coated with the composition are also provided. Methods of preserving products with the composition are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to zeolites modified or functionalized with silane moieties, to compositions comprising said silane modified zeolites and to their use as antiviral and/or antibacterial agents. The invention also refers to materials and/or articles, such as, but not limited to, fabrics, fibers and/or polymeric coatings partly or fully covered and/or integrated with said silane-modified zeolites and/or compositions.

Abstract: Polymer coatings and surfaces are disclosed with antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial action is provided by high surface area materials contained within the coating or surface. The high surface area materials may contain photocatalysts that create reactive oxygen species upon exposure to visible light or transition metals that create reactive oxygen species upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. The high surface area materials may also sorb disinfecting liquids and desorb them over time to provide disinfection.

Abstract: A plurality of dough pieces are produced using a rotary dough cutter including a shaft, a plurality of walls extending radially outward from the shaft and a plurality of interior blades extending radially outward from the shaft. The plurality of walls define a plurality of dough cutter molds. The plurality of dough cutter molds include a first dough cutter mold and a second dough cutter mold. A first wall of the plurality of walls defines part of both the first dough cutter mold and the second dough cutter mold. Each of the plurality of interior blades is located in one of the plurality of dough cutter molds. The plurality of dough pieces are cut from a dough sheet with the plurality of walls. The plurality of dough pieces are scored with the plurality of interior blades. After scoring, the plurality of dough pieces are proofed and then frozen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dough processing device, for use on a dough line, comprising dough processing means, such as a flour dispenser, a roller, a cutter, a folding shoe, for processing the dough on a conveyor; arranged in a frame, arranged for being placed as a bridge over a dough conveyor and thereto having supports at opposite ends; provided with fastening means, for fastening the supports on either side to a dough conveyor housing; wherein at least one support is provided with transport means, for transporting the dough processing device directly over a conveyor while supporting the dough processing device on said conveyor. The invention further relates to a dough processing line comprising such a dough processing device.

Abstract: A method of making an oat composition is provided. The method includes adding oat flour to water. The method further includes adding a first enzyme to the oat-water mixture. The method further includes increasing the temperature of the oat-water mixture with the first enzyme, and maintaining the increased temperature of the oat-water mixture with the first enzyme. The method further includes cooling the oat-water mixture with the first enzyme. The method further includes adding an enzyme blend to the oat-water mixture with the first enzyme. The method further includes removing an amount of solids from the third enzyme oat-water mixture to form the oat composition. The method is able to achieve higher yields, increased shelf stability, and lower waste from manufacturing compared to conventional oat-based food composition manufacturing methods.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a portable fish cleaning station which can be removably attached to the outside surface of the gunwale of a hull of a boat so that the device can be easily portable from one boat to another boat. The device includes a cutting board mounted on left and right pivoting and telescoping frame members which are pivotally connected to a generally rectangular shaped plane so that the frame can be easily attached and removed from the gunwale of a boat. The cutting board is attached to left and right frame members which have telescoping legs or spacers which are useful for leveling the cutting board against the side of the hull of the boat in order to prevent the hull of the boat from being scratched by the frame. The spacers are also useful to level the cutting board into an appropriately level cutting position. An elongated hook is attached to an upper end of the rectangular frame so that the device can be mounted to a boat.

Abstract: Cooking devices and methods of cooking are provided. The cooking devices can include a housing defining an interior cooking chamber, a fan disposed within the interior cooking chamber, a smoke unit coupled to an exterior of the housing, and a smoke channel at least partially defined by a contour of the housing. The smoke unit is configured to generate smoke. The smoke channel has a first end in fluid communication with an interior of the smoke unit and a second end terminating within the interior cooking chamber proximate the fan such that a low-pressure zone created by operation of the fan causes smoke generated by the smoke unit to be drawn into the interior cooking chamber.

Abstract: A method for producing a cheese with reduced amount of galactose comprising inoculating milk with Streptococcus thermophilus Gal(+) bacteria and Lactobacillus Gal(+) Lac(?) bacteria.

Abstract: Water-based release coatings are disclosed. The water-based release coatings include a homogenous blend of water, a surfactant comprising saponin glycosides, and lecithin. The mixture of saponin glycosides are preferably derived from the Quillaja plant. The release coatings can be used for reducing or preventing build-up on a cooking surface.

Abstract: An upward flow extraction method, apparatus, and extract are disclosed. The upward flow extraction method can comprise loading extraction material into an extraction cell having a bottom portion and a top portion; introducing a first aliquot of extraction medium through the bottom portion of the extraction cell; expelling gas from the extraction cell through the top portion of the extraction cell; closing the top portion of the extraction cell and increasing the pressure in the extraction cell as extraction medium flows into the bottom portion of the extraction cell; stopping the flow of extraction medium into the extraction cell; steeping the extraction material in the extraction medium under pressure to produce an extract; and introducing a second aliquot of extraction medium through the bottom portion of the extraction cell to push extract through top portion of the extraction cell.