Abstract: Provided herein are antifouling filtration membranes that include a membrane substrate and an antifouling coating disposed on at least one surface of the membrane substrate. The antifouling coating comprises a plurality of zwitterionic molecules or moieties at a density sufficient to form a hydration shell when an aqueous input composition contacts the antifouling coating. The hydration shell substantially prevents fouling components in the aqueous input composition from adsorbing on the membrane substrate while substantially permitting target permeate molecules in the aqueous input composition to flow through the membrane substrate. Additional methods and related devices, systems, and kits are also provided.

Abstract: Provide herein are a control arrangement and method for evaluating the integrity of a forward osmosis (FO—) membrane of a FO device in a dialysis solution generation apparatus. The FO-membrane separates a feed side and a draw side of the FO device. The FO-device comprises a feed inlet port and a feed outlet port in fluid communication with the feed side, and a draw inlet port and a draw outlet port in fluid communication with the draw side. The method comprises providing a flow of feed solution at the feed side via the feed inlet port and providing a flow of draw solution at the draw side via the draw inlet port, with an osmotic pressure at the draw side that is higher than an osmotic pressure at the feed side. Water is extracted from the feed side to the draw side to dilute the draw solution.

Abstract: An aeration module capable of aerating a liquid supplied to inner portions of hollow-fiber membranes includes a housing containing a fluororesin as a main component, and a plurality of the hollow-fiber membranes containing polytetrafluoroethylene or a modified polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component. A porosity K [%], an average thickness T1 [mm], and an average outer diameter D2 [mm] of the hollow-fiber membranes satisfy a relation of a formula of K/(T1×D2×100)?2.0.

Abstract: Described are porous membrane products that contain two or more membrane layers bonded together at a portion of the area of the membranes, methods and system for preparing the porous membrane products, and methods of using the porous membrane products.

Abstract: Various systems, devices, and methods of selectively releasing carbon dioxide from a gas source in a carbonation system are provided. A carbonation system is one example of a treatment system to which the systems, devices, and methods described herein apply. In some embodiments, a motor of a carbonation system is configured to drive a cam in a first drive motion that moves the cam to push on a pin of a gas source. The cam pushing on the gas source's pin causes the gas source to open and thereby release gas. The motor is configured to drive the cam in a second drive motion that moves the cam back to its initial position, which removes force on the pin so that the pin can return to its initial position. The gas source thus closes such that gas cannot be released from the gas source until the cam moves again.

Abstract: Various systems, devices, and methods of determining an amount of carbon dioxide in a gas source in a carbonation system are provided. A carbonation system is one example of a treatment system to which the systems, devices, and methods described herein apply. In general, a carbonation system can be configured to determine an amount of CO2 in a gas source, such as a CO2 canister, removably coupled to the carbonation system. The carbonation system can also be configured to provide a notification (e.g., audible alert and/or visual alert) to a user of the carbonation system indicative of the determined CO2 amount.

Abstract: A method for spontaneous emulsification comprising mixing (i) an aqueous phase comprising a partitioning agent which contains a partitioning anion which determines the hydrophilicity of the partitioning agent, alone or in further combination with an electrolyte, with (ii) an oil phase comprising a phase-transfer agent, wherein the phase-transfer agent creates and promotes an interfacial flux of an anion and promotes the formation of droplets at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous phase and oil phase; and a method for spontaneous electro-emulsification comprising generating an ionic flux across the liquid-liquid interface by applying an electrical potential.

Abstract: The present invention describes a rotor blade 1 intended for a rotor in a mixer, said rotor blade 1 having a main body 2 and multiple rotor wings 3 extending out from one side 2a of the main body 2, wherein at least one of the multiple rotor wings 3 has a protrusion 4 provided along the extension of said at least one rotor wing 3, wherein, in a front side of the rotor wing 3 in a rotational direction, said at least one rotor wing 3 extends through a point A2 being a point furthest away from the rotational direction and further up extends through a point A1 being a point furthest into the rotation direction, and wherein the point A1 is provided as a most vertical top end point of the protrusion 4 or at least in a horizontal top end plane of the protrusion 4.

Abstract: A high shear mixing device is provided. The high shear mixing device comprises a first screw kneader and a second screw kneader; a first rotation driving mechanism configured to rotate the first screw kneader and a second rotation driving mechanism configured to rotate the second screw kneader; a revolution driving mechanism including the first rotation driving mechanism and the second rotation driving mechanism rotatably installed therein; a driving mechanism body including the revolution driving mechanism installed therein; and a mixing tank. Each of the first screw kneader and the second screw kneader comprises a shaft having one end connected to the rotation driving mechanism; and three or more blades having one end fixed to the shaft and having a helically curved body along the longitudinal direction of the shaft, and the first and second screw kneaders rotate in opposite directions with their blades overlapping each other.

Abstract: Provided are a device for generating an ozone-containing UFB liquid and a method for generating the ozone-containing UFB liquid, which enable the generation of the ozone-containing UFB liquid that can be stored long-term at a high concentration. To this end, an ultrafine bubble liquid containing ultrafine bubbles is generated by applying energy to a liquid and ejecting the liquid from an ejecting port having a small diameter, and the generated ultrafine bubble liquid is irradiated with ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: A method for producing an ultrafine-bubble-containing liquid includes: supplying a liquid containing at least one substance selected from a group stated below to a liquid supply region where an ejection orifice forming member in which an ejection orifice with a minute diameter is formed is disposed; and ejecting the liquid from the ejection orifice as a droplet by causing a pressure application unit in contact with the liquid to apply pressure to the liquid supplied to the liquid supply region. The group consists of a thermally denaturing material, inorganic salts, amino acids and their salts, carbohydrates/sugars and their salts, organic polymers and their salts, inorganic polymers and their salts, a dispersion, and an organic liquid.

Abstract: A system for use with a gunite rig to capture airborne gunite type materials, particularly those containing silica, during the preparation of the gunite. In one respect, as the bags of silica-containing material are placed in the mixing section of the gunite rig and ripped open, airborne gunite dust is captured by a hood, separation, and suction system positioned above the mixer. The mitigation system also includes a plenum box and suction system positioned adjacent the mouth of a gunite pot to capture gunite dust generated as the mixed gunite material falls from a hopper into the gunite pot. A separator positioned upstream of a dust collection apparatus separates the larger heavier particles from the lighter ones.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a blender lid configured to cover an opening in a blender receptacle and a lid arm coupled to the blender lid and coupled rotationally about a first horizontal axis. The lid arm is configured to rotate about the first horizontal axis to selectively position the blender lid to cover and uncover the opening in the blender receptacle. The blender arm may rotate the blender lid about the first horizontal axis to cover the opening in the blender receptacle and apply a downward force on the blender lid to seal the opening of the blender receptacle with the blender lid. The blender arm may include a horizontal rod having a longitudinal axis that corresponds to the first horizontal axis and having a first end attached to the blender lid.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a hydraulic fracturing system that includes a blender unit. The system includes an auger and hopper assembly to receive proppant from a proppant source and feed the proppant to the blender unit for mixing with a fluid. A first power source is used to power the blender unit in order to mix the proppant with the fluid and prepare a fracturing slurry. A second power source independently powers the auger and hopper assembly in order to align the hopper of the auger and hopper assembly with a proppant feed from the proppant source. Thus, the auger and hopper assembly can be stowed or deployed without use of the first power source, which is the main power supply to the blender unit.

Abstract: A mixing granulator includes a container to receive a product, a mixing tool located in the container and seated on a vertically aligned shaft, and a comminuting tool located in the container. At least one of the container, the mixing tool or the comminuting tool is at least partially made of plastic or a plastic composite material.

Abstract: A vessel for storing and/or processing polymer particulates includes main outer walls defining an upper end, a lower end, and a main interior space, a frustum-shaped outlet region positioned below the lower end of the main outer walls, a plurality of internal frustum sections positioned within the main outer walls, where a lower portion of each internal frustum section defines a passage extending through each of the plurality of internal frustum sections, an internal member including an internal member wall defining an internal member interior space separated from the main interior space, the internal member positioned within the main outer walls and extending from the upper end to the lower end of the main outer walls, the internal member extending through each passage of the plurality of internal frustum sections, and a purge gas source in communication with the internal member inner space.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor, a device for preparing low-carbon olefin, and a method for preparing low-carbon olefin are provided. The reaction zone of the fluidized bed reactor is sequentially, from bottom to top, provided with a raw material first distributor, a raw material second distributor and a catalyst distributor; the catalyst distributor is connected with the catalyst second feeding inlet; a dense-phase zone is formed between the raw material first distributor and the raw material second distributor, and the area where the catalyst distributor is located is formed as a catalyst distribution zone connected with the dense-phase zone; and at least one catalyst first feeding inlet(s) is provided on the side wall of reactor of the dense-phase zone. The distribution of the catalyst and the full contact of the catalyst with the raw materials can be achieved using the fluidized bed reactor and the device.

Abstract: A bubble column reactor includes a reaction zone in which a reaction of a gaseous reactant is carried out in a liquid reaction medium, a first disengaging section provided above the reaction zone and into which a first effluent stream rising from the reaction zone is introduced, and a condensation zone provided above the first disengaging section. The bubble column reactor's condensation zone diameter is smaller than the diameter of the first disengaging section.

Abstract: A hafnium compound-containing sol-gel solution contains a lower alcohol having 5 or less carbon atoms that serves as a solvent, a hafnium compound that serves as a hafnium source, and a polyalcohol having either or both of an ether group and a N atom in a molecule, as a wettability improver. The hafnium compound-containing sol-gel solution preferably further contains a stabilizer. It is preferable that the content of the hafnium compound is regulated within a range of 0.05 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less, and the content of the polyalcohol is regulated within a range of 0.05 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less.

Abstract: A method for carrying out a thermochemical process includes injecting one or more feed streams into a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is maintained at a reaction temperature using heat obtained directly from a subterranean heat source. The method includes maintaining the one or more feed streams in the reaction chamber for a residence time to form one or more product streams from the one or more feed streams. The one or more product streams are removed from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing device for a pharmaceutical product, a manufacturing module for a pharmaceutical product, a manufacturing system for a pharmaceutical product, a method for producing a pharmaceutical product, a method for producing a DNA template, a method for producing an RNA, a method for producing a formulated RNA and uses of the manufacturing device, module or system. The manufacturing device for a pharmaceutical product comprises a housing, a process chamber, a technical chamber, a separation element, and a control unit. The housing is closed relative to the environment outside the housing. The housing encompasses the process chamber and the technical chamber. The process chamber is separated from the technical chamber by the separation element. The control unit is configured to control a gas flow through the process chamber. The control unit is configured to control the gas flow to provide in the process chamber a positive pressure relative to the environment.

Abstract: A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750 F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 13X zeolite, a 13X zeolite adsorbent and a synthesis method thereof. Wherein, the synthesis method includes preparing a seed material by mixing sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, NaOH into water to get a seed mixture, stirring the seed mixture and aging. Then preparing the 13X zeolite by mixing sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, NaOH into water, followed by 0-5 wt. % addition of the seed material to obtain a gel mixture. Stirring the said gel mixture for 1 hour and crystallization of the gel mixture, then a filtration step and a washing step is performed to obtain a 13X zeolite cake. Further, the 13X zeolite cake is dried at 120° C. for 24 hours, then crushed and grinded to obtain a 13X zeolite powder. The 13X zeolite adsorbent is prepared by binding the 13X zeolite powder with a binder.

Abstract: Sorbent materials that are treated with ions, salts, oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates of calcium, magnesium, strontium, or barium are useful in removing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate and heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and similar compounds from liquids and gases are disclosed. The sorbent materials with the disclosed treatments offer improved performance as measured against untreated sorbent materials.

Abstract: Methods of making metal-organic frameworks in yields of at least about 50 percent by volume of metal-organic frameworks in a metal-organic framework material per liter of synthesis solution and/or about 75 molar percent of metal-organic frameworks in a metal-organic framework material are provided. Methods of making MOF Cu(Qc)2 in aqueous solutions are further provided where a solvent composition of less than about 30% volume water is combined with a buffer and a plurality of reagents to provide the synthesis solution.

Abstract: Provided are superabsorbent materials composed of agar, and one or more water-soluble natural polysaccharides, and dietary compositions containing such superabsorbent materials. The disclosed superabsorbent materials have various food and therapeutic applications and can be used as loading vehicles for nutrients and therapeutic agents. Also provided are methods for preparing such superabsorbent materials.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a process and circuit for reintercalating lithium aluminum double hydroxide (LADH) lithium selective adsorbents. The inventive process includes reintercalating the spent LADH adsorbent with lithium salt in a dilute brine under alkaline conditions at a predetermined intercalation temperature, followed by neutralization using an appropriate acid at a predetermined neutralization temperature. The inventive process can be performed to reintercalate the adsorbent and can be performed multiple times over the life of the adsorbent. The reintercalation process can be conducted at a chemical regeneration facility, or alternatively, in situ, such as at an on-site mineral extraction facility, in a mobile reinteractation circuit, or within adsorbent columns of a lithium extraction (e.g., DLE) circuit. In the later arrangement, the invention can be used in fixed beds, stirred tanks, pseudo- or simulated moving bed (SMB) circuits, or other DLE circuits.

Abstract: A process is disclosed comprising, providing a source of graphene, providing a particulate material, dispersing a mixture of the source of graphene and the particulate material in a first dispersion fluid to form a dispersion mixture, and providing a source of a base in the first dispersion fluid, thereby causing the source of graphene and particulate material in the dispersion mixture to interact forming a composite. The particulate material is preferably titanium dioxide comprising anatase and/or rutile which provides an effective photocatalytic composite. Also disclosed is apparatus to remove pollutants from fluids using the photocatalytically active material.

Abstract: A thermal method of forming ferric oxide nano/microparticles with predominant morphology is described using different solvents. Methods of using the Fe3O4 nano/microparticles as catalysts in the reduction of nitro compounds with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines and decomposition of ammonium salts.

Abstract: A thermal method of forming ferric oxide nano/microparticles with predominant morphology is described using different solvents. Methods of using the Fe3O4 nano/microparticles as catalysts in the reduction of nitro compounds with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines and decomposition of ammonium salts.

Abstract: A lanthanum oxycarbonate catalyst, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof are provided. The lanthanum oxycarbonate catalyst contains a rod-shaped lanthanum oxycarbonate catalyst and a nearly parallelogram lanthanum oxycarbonate catalyst. The lanthanum oxycarbonate catalyst can be used for efficiently performing a methane oxidative coupling reaction at a relatively low temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalysts comprising palladium on a support in which the palladium is distributed in the support as an eggshell. The palladium surface area is at least 150 m2/gPd. A method for manufacturing such catalysts involves impregnating a support with an impregnation solution comprising palladium ions and citrate ions, followed by drying the resulting product. Also described is an impregnation solution comprising palladium ions, citric and/or citrate ions, and acetic acid, which is suitable for manufacturing the catalysts described.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a surface-modified zeolite for direct air capture, and more particularly, to a zeolite for carbon dioxide capture whose surface is modified through sodium ion exchange. The zeolite for carbon dioxide capture is prepared by mixing a zeolite support and a supporting solution to form a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution to perform ion exchange, followed by evaporation, washing, drying and calcining. The resulting zeolite for carbon dioxide capture exhibits excellent CO2 absorption/desorption performance and maintains consistent catalytic activity, allowing for reuse.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing a regenerated hydrogenation catalyst used for hydrogenating a biomass feedstock. The method can include a regeneration cycle, in which a fouled hydrogenation catalyst is contacted with (a) a first flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising oxygen and (b) a second flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising at least 90% nitrogen by volume. In particular, multiple regeneration cycles can be used to improve efficiency in removing sulfur-containing impurities from the fouled catalyst.

Abstract: Poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups are provided which have an alkaline-stable cation, such as imidazolium, introduced into a rigid aromatic polymer backbone free of ether bonds. Hydroxide exchange membranes or hydroxide exchange ionomers formed from these polymers exhibit superior chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, decreased water uptake, good solubility in selected solvents, and improved mechanical properties in an ambient dry state as compared to conventional hydroxide exchange membranes or ionomers. Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers comprising the poly(aryl alkylene) polymers with pendant piperidinium-functionalized groups exhibit enhanced performance and durability at relatively high temperatures.

Abstract: A container for processing a fluid biological sample, including a container body including at least a first compartment for accommodating a first fluid and a second compartment for accommodating a second fluid, an interconnecting fluid pathway for providing a fluid communication between the first and second compartments, an inner shutter arranged so as to be movable between a first position where it blocks the interconnecting fluid pathway and a second position where it allows the fluid communication through the interconnecting fluid pathway, and a first cover arranged to allow selective access from outside the container to introduce the sample into at least one of the first and second compartments and to seal the fluid within the container body, preferably in conjunction with the inner shutter. A kit for treatment of a fluid biological sample using this container is also provided.

Abstract: Integrated cartridges for sample homogenization, nucleic acid fragmentation, and nucleic acid detection are disclosed herein. The integrated cartridges include a main housing having a sample well and a detection chamber and a sonication feature coupled to and extending outwardly from the main housing. The sonication feature includes a sonication chamber for receiving a sample fluid. A fluidic path directs the sample fluid from the sample well, to the sonication chamber, and to the detection chamber. Systems for use with the integrated cartridges can include sonotrodes with openings for positioning the sonication feature and/or temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the sonication feature. Methods include moving the sample fluid from the sample well to the sonication feature, transmitting ultrasonic energy into the sample fluid, moving the sample fluid from the sonication feature to the detection chamber, and performing a nucleic acid detection assay within the detection chamber.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device and a method to press a QMAX-Card to form a liquid layer. A device comprises a first arm including a pressing block and a second arm including a compartment for accommodating the QMAX-Card. Each of the first arm and the second arm comprises a first end and a second end opposing the first end, and the first arm and the second arm are joined by a hinge at the first end. The first arm is capable of rotating around the hinge toward the second arm 500 from an open position to a close position. The pressing block and the compartment face each other and are disposed at the second end. The pressing block press the QMAX-Card so that the QMAX-Card changes a closed configuration to compress a liquid sample in the QMAX-Card into a substantially uniform thin layer.

Abstract: A microfluidic flow channel structure and a microfluidic chip are described. The microfluidic flow channel structure includes a main chamber, wherein the main chamber includes at least two division zones and a reaction zone, and the at least two division zones are respectively connected with the reaction zone, wherein each division zone includes a first division wall, and the first division wall is provided with an opening for liquid inlet; a diversion structure is arranged at the opening of at least one division zone, and the diversion structure at least includes a first diversion wall, which is arranged opposite the first division wall; a first division channel is formed between the first diversion wall and the first division wall, and the first division channel includes at least two liquid outlets.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for characterizing material samples. In one aspect, a device for characterizing a sample includes a substrate configured for receiving a sample thereon; an optical fiber probe comprising a first end positioned near the sample and a second end that is bifurcated to include one or more first fiber configured for connection to a first light emitting device and one or more second fiber configured for connection to a spectrometer; a reflectance module coupled to the substrate; and a second light emitting device positioned near the sample. The optical fiber probe is configured for selectively obtaining at the spectrometer both a reflectance absorbance measurement of the sample associated with the first light emitting device and a photoluminescence measurement of the sample associated with the second light emitting device.

Abstract: Described are chips for detecting a target in a sample including a microfluidic flow chamber comprising one or more flow channels having a capture surface and at least one micromixer. Described are methods of using this chip wherein targets are identified by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF).

Abstract: A process for recording microparticles (1) in a receiving space (3) is provided, with the microparticles (1), preferably in a fluid (4), being transferred into the outwardly closed receiving space (3) prior to the optical recording, and the receiving space (3) being outwardly opened prior to the recording. Such a process and receiving space (3) are of interest in particular for the recording and analysis of microparticles (1) in pharmacy and the foodstuff industry, but are not restricted to these sectors of industry.

Abstract: A material transfer device includes a shell assembly and a core. The shell assembly has a chamber and an opening. The opening is in communication with the chamber. The core is arranged in the chamber and includes a material holder. The shell assembly and the core are configured to rotate relative to each other to seal the material holder inside the chamber or expose the material holder via the opening.

Abstract: A histology processing is provided for processing of large samples which do not fit in standard size histology cassettes and which may be labelled using conventional laboratory printing apparatus. The cassette has a box structure with an apertured base and open top face and the internal length to the internal width of the structure is of a ratio from 1.0 to 1.6 and able to receive sample identification information from an automated cassette printing apparatus and a closure for the open upper face of the structure, engageable with the structure to provide a sample enclosure in which the ratio of the width of the sample enclosure to its depth is less than 5:1 and the ratio of the length of the sample enclosure to its depth is less than 6:1.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a to-be-tested object processing apparatus and a nucleic acid testing integrated machine with the to-be-tested object processing apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for prolonging the stability of a liquid analytical reagent, even under high temperature storage is provided. The apparatus includes a first barrier forming all or a portion of an exterior of the apparatus, and a second barrier forming all or part of a second section within the apparatus. The first barrier includes a material having a permeability to oxygen of less than 50 cc/m2/24 hours, and the second barrier includes a material having a permeability to oxygen of 50 cc/m2/24 hours or more. A liquid analytical reagent is contained within the second section and an oxygen scavenger is separated from the liquid analytic reagent by the second barrier.

Abstract: A container includes a lower portion and a lid to connect with the lower portion. The lid includes a fluidic interface, a swing bar, and a counter structure disposed on an opposite side of the fluidic interface relative to the swing bar. The fluidic interface includes a first liquid port, a second liquid port, a gas port, and a seal ring disposed around the first liquid port, the second liquid port, and the gas port, the first liquid port disposed along a center axis of the container.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a modular simultaneous diagnosis PCR system, and more particularly, to a modular simultaneous diagnosis PCR system, in which a plurality of seating grooves, in which biochips are seated, is formed in an upper surface of a single main body housing, a plurality of heating/cooling modules and a plurality of light source modules are installed in the main body housing so as to correspond to the seating grooves, a plurality of cover members including detection modules corresponding to the seating grooves is installed on an upper surface of the main body housing so as to be rotatable upward or downward, and a PCR inspection is simultaneously performed on samples accommodated in multiple biochips by controlling the plurality of heating/cooling modules, the plurality of light source modules, and the plurality of detection modules in an integrated manner by using a single control module installed in the main body housing, such that a plurality of PCR processes may be conveniently perfo

Abstract: Apparatuses may be used for nucleic acid amplification. An example apparatus may include an amplification chamber to contain a biochemical reaction associated with amplification of a biologic sample. The biologic sample may include a nucleic acid. The apparatus may also include a heater thermally coupled to the amplification chamber. The apparatus may also include a thermally conductive substrate in contact with the heater and including a liquid coolant passage to pass a liquid coolant through the thermally conductive substrate.

Abstract: A sample processing assembly for treatment of a sample on a substrate, the assembly including: a mounting surface for the substrate; and a cover member, the cover member being movable between an open position and a substantially closed position, wherein, when the substrate is placed in the assembly and the cover member is in the substantially closed position, a reaction chamber is formed for processing the sample between the cover member and the substrate, and wherein the mounting surface provides for an air gap between the substrate and the mounting surface. An instrument for treatment of a sample on a substrate including at least one sample processing assembly as provided herein. A method of placing a substrate in a sample processing assembly is also provided.