Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to films, such as multilayered films, that are suitable for use as stretch wraps, cling wraps and/or pallet wraps which according to some examples are compostable and/or biodegradable whilst maintaining stretch and cling properties. In particular, the films described herein comprise one or more film layers comprising a blend of starch-based thermoplastic resin and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). The present disclosure is also directed to processes for preparing the films described herein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polymer film includes melting a resin, extruding the melted resin through a die to produce a polymer film, shaping the polymer film, cooling the polymer film, capturing an image of a test pattern through the polymer film, calculating a modulation transfer function value from the image, and adjusting a process parameter of the melting, the extruding, the shaping, or the cooling based on the calculated modulation transfer function value.

Abstract: A method for producing a blow-molded article, the method comprising: a step of producing a preform from a resin mixture comprising at least a wax, a thermoplastic polyester and a carbodiimide compound; and a step of blow-molding the preform to produce a blow-molded article.

Abstract: A stretch blow-molded article comprising: a first polyester; and a second polyester having a structure different from a structure of the first polyester, wherein an intrinsic viscosity value of the first polyester is 0.60 to 0.74 dL/g, and the second polyester has a structure corresponding to terephthalic acid and a structure corresponding to bisphenol A.

Abstract: A blow mold assembly for forming a polymeric container. The blow mold assembly has a thread insert defining threads configured to form finish threads on a finish of the polymeric container. An electric heater of the blow mold assembly is configured to heat the thread insert as the polymeric container is formed.

Abstract: A vacuum molding roll sleeve (100, 700, 800)comprises a body (119, 818, 819) comprising a mold wall portion (120, 820) disposed between a molding surface (110, 1210, 710, 810) and at least one vacuum surface (130, 830). The molding surface (110, 1210, 710, 810) has shaped depressed features and has first openings (112, 812) disposed therein at first predetermined positions (134). Each first opening (112, 812) is spaced apart from the at least one vacuum surface (130, 830) by a respective minimum thickness (135, 835). The at least one vacuum surface (130, 830) has second openings (132, 832) disposed therein at second predetermined positions (134). The first openings (112, 812) are fluidly connected to the second openings (132, 832) by conduits (140, 840) wherein, on a respective basis, at least some of the conduits (140, 840) are longer than the minimum thickness (135, 835) between the first openings (112, 812) and the vacuum surface (130, 830).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fibre comprising a lined channel, using a draw apparatus, the method comprising: providing a preform, comprising a channel extending through the preform, to the draw apparatus; feeding a liner into the channel; heating a portion of the preform; and drawing the heated portion of the preform in order to form a fibre, wherein the liner is held within the channel of the fibre to provide a lined channel within the fibre.

Abstract: A forming apparatus forms a formable material using a mold including a contact region to be brought into contact with the formable material on a substrate. The apparatus includes a controller configured to perform processing of bringing the contact region and the formable material on the substrate into contact with each other. The controller controls the processing so as to bring the mold and the substrate close to each other at a first relative speed and then bring the mold and the substrate close to each other at a second relative speed lower than the first relative speed, and controls switching from the first relative speed to the second relative speed so as to compensate a manufacturing error of the mold.

Abstract: A method of forming a decorative panel includes pressing a decorative layer in relation to a substrate. The decorative layer includes one or more decorative elements, such as one or more of coloration, text, graphics, or the like.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacture is disclosed. The method can include providing an enclosure surrounding a powder bed and having an atmosphere including helium gas. A high flux laser beam is directed at a defined two dimensional region of the powder bed. Powder is melted and fused within the defined two dimensional region, with less than 50% by weight of the powder particles being displaced into any defined two dimensional region that shares an edge or corner with the defined two dimensional region where powder melting and fusing occurs.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for performing an Additive Manufacturing (AM) fabrication process on a powdered material, deposited as a powder bed and forming a substrate. The system makes use of a laser for generating a laser beam, and an optical subsystem. The optical subsystem is configured to receive the laser beam and to generate an optical signal comprised of electromagnetic radiation sufficient to melt or sinter the powdered material. The optical subsystem uses a digitally controlled mask configured to pattern the optical signal as needed to melt select portions of a layer of the powdered material to form a layer of a 3D part. A power supply and at least one processor are also included for generating a plurality of different power density levels selectable based on a specific material composition and a known absorptivity of the powder particles. The powdered material is used to form the 3D part in a sequential layer-by-layer additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of three-dimensional printing, including iteratively applying individual build material layers of polymer particles having a D50 particle size from about 20 ?m to about 150 ?m to a build material, and based on a three-dimensional object model, selectively applying a fusing agent onto the individual build material layers to form individually patterned object layers of the three-dimensional object and selectively applying a pore-promoting agent onto the individual build material layers at a discrete location of the individually patterned object layers to form a pore-generating region therein. The method also includes exposing the build material to electromagnetic energy to provide selective heat fusing of the polymer particles and to generate and displace molten polymer leaving a localized void having a void size from about 1 mm to about 20 mm.

Abstract: The present invention features a liquid, solvent-free, silica precursor and two-photon 3D printing process to meet the increasing needs of high-precision glass micro-optics and address the major limitations of current three-dimensional (3D) printing optics. The printed optical elements may be fully converted to transparent inorganic glass at temperatures as low as 600° C. with shrinkages as low as 17%. The present invention includes a complete process chain, from material development, printing process, and performance evaluation of the printed glass micro-optics. 3D printing of glass micro-optics with isotropic shrinkage, micrometer resolution, low deviation peak-to-valley value (<100 nm), and low surface roughness (<6 nm) has been demonstrated. The present invention enables the rapid fabrication of complex glass micro-optics previously impossible using conventional glass optics fabrication processes.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printing and finishing device (100) and a method for forming and finishing a curable construction material to produce a 3D printed object. The 3D printing and finishing device (100) can include a structural support (102), a print head (104), and a finishing unit (116). The print head (104) can move to dispense a curable material in layers and the finishing unit (116) can align with a side of the dispensed layers and can modify a surface of the material. The finishing unit (116) can include a nozzle to dispense fluid toward the surface.

Abstract: The present aspects include an additive manufacturing (AM) system, comprising: a plurality of stations arranged proximate to one another. The plurality of stations includes at least: a first station and a second station; a first AM subsystem configured to dock at the first station and perform a first subsystem AM process; a second AM subsystem configured to dock at the second station and perform a second subsystem AM process; and a third AM subsystem configured to move between the first station and the second station. The AM system further includes a controller configured to control the third AM subsystem to perform an third subsystem AM process at the first station while the first AM subsystem is docked, to move the third AM subsystem from the first station to the second station, and to perform the third subsystem AM process at the second station while the second AM subsystem is docked.

Abstract: We describe a nozzle for a three-dimensional, 3D, ink printer, wherein the nozzle comprises: a channel configured to guide ink through the nozzle, and an output portion coupled to the channel, wherein the output portion is configured to output the ink, wherein the output portion comprises an elongated output channel configured to output the ink at different locations along a length of the elongated output channel simultaneously.

Abstract: Substrates and associated materials for additive manufacturing are provided. In some embodiments, a device for manufacturing an object from a curable material includes a substrate configured to support the curable material during an additive manufacturing process. The substrate can be at least partially transparent to a wavelength of energy that cures the curable material. The substrate can include a first layer with a first material configured to inhibit adhesion to the curable material. The substrate can also include a second layer with a second material having one or more of increased mechanical strength or increased heat resistance relative to the first material.

Abstract: An irradiation device for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object includes two beam generation devices emitting energy beams that are characteristically different than one another. An optical modulator includes a micromirror array disposed downstream from the first and second beam generation devices. A focusing lens assembly is disposed downstream from the optical modulator. The micromirror array includes a plurality of micromirror elements to reflect beam segments corresponding to the first and second energy beams incident upon the focusing lens assembly. The focusing lens assembly focuses a first portion of the beam segments corresponding to the first energy beam to at least partially overlap with one another at a first one of a plurality of combination zones and focuses a second portion of the beam segments corresponding to the second energy beam to at least partially overlap with each other at a second one of a plurality of combination zones.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are drawn to additive manufacturing apparatus and methods. An exemplary additive manufacturing system may include an extruder, the extruder having an opening dimensioned to receive a material. The apparatus may also include an extruder output in fluid communication with the extruder, wherein the extruder output extends away from the extruder along a longitudinal axis. One or more heaters positioned along at least a portion of the extruder output may also be included, and, as the material passes through the extruder output, the one or more heaters may at least partially melt the material. The system may also include a gear pump in fluid communication with the extruder output for receiving the at least partially melted material, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the gear pump for depositing the at least partially melted material.

Abstract: A system for preparing and feeding the material of a construction 3D printer comprises a housing including two cavities connected by a finished mixture feeding channel: a mixing cavity with a mixing roller and a feeding cavity with a feeding roller. A mixing roller is designed to rotate using its own drive; it is a cylinder with two functional elements installed on it: a mixing element and a feeding element. A feeding roller is designed to rotate using its own drive; and it is a rotor of the gerotor pair; and the axes of the mixing and feeding rollers are mutually perpendicular. A dry powder mixture feeding cyclone is connected to the mixing cavity, which is connected to the dry mixture feed channel and the liquid feed channel, an alternative nozzle with its own drive is installed at the outlet of the feed cavity.

Abstract: Washing apparatus and methods used to process additively fabricated (e.g., 3D printed) parts are described herein. The apparatus and methods may be used to wash uncured liquid resin from the parts.

Abstract: A bioprinting system comprises: a) a printing module containing at least one printhead for printing transferable objects of biological interest and at least one target, b) a feed source for the printhead for printing objects of biological interest, c) an activation means for the transfer of the objects of biological interest to the target, d) a means for relative displacement of the printhead with respect to the target, e) a sterilizable sealed enclosure, characterized in that —the printing module is placed in the sterilizable sealed enclosure —the activation means is located outside of the sterilizable sealed enclosure, —and the sterilizable sealed enclosure has a leaktight interaction zone with the activation means.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing objects are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method includes: receiving a digital representation of a plurality of objects; forming a first portion of each object of the plurality of objects based on the digital representation, using an additive manufacturing process; obtaining sensor data of the first portion of each object; determining whether an error is present in the first portion of an object of the plurality of objects, based on the sensor data; in response to a determination that the error is present in the first portion of the object, modifying the digital representation to remove the object having the error; and forming a second portion of each remaining object of the plurality of objects based on the modified digital representation, using the additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method for generating a material for a partial replacement includes receiving an image of a sample of an original material needing to be replaced, generating a representative data set for the original material based on the image received, accessing a reference database comprised of a plurality of different materials and including reference texture data or reference characteristic data for each of the plurality of different materials, comparing the representative data set to the reference data in the reference database, identifying at least one of the plurality of different materials correlated to the representative data set, determining the identified correlated material is not available, sending a request to generate a replacement material, and generating the replacement material.

Abstract: Provided is a method of autonomous filament selection for multidimensional printers. The method includes obtaining multimedia associated with multidimensional prints and constituent filaments. The obtained multimedia is analyzed to extract multidimensional print features, filament features, and user feedback for at least some of the multidimensional prints and at least some of the constituent filaments. The extracted multidimensional print features, filament features, and user feedback are mapped. At least one filament is selected for a new multidimensional print based on a plurality of user desired multidimensional print features.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for quality control in 3D printing is provided. The present invention may include receiving a print job for a 3D printer, wherein the print job includes a digital model. The present invention may include monitoring the printing process of the digital model. The present invention may include identifying one or more deviations in the printing process.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for non-destructively detecting deviating additive manufacturing (AM) process behaviour of a 3D printed solid piece, comprising the steps of: providing an impact to the solid piece, preferably a mechanical impact; obtaining a vibrational response of the solid piece to the impact in the frequency domain; extracting a set of eigenfrequencies, and optionally attenuations, from the vibrational response, each of said eigenfrequencies corresponding to a vibrational mode of said solid piece; obtaining for at least one vibrational mode: an eigenfrequency shift by comparing one of the set of extracted eigenfrequencies corresponding to said vibrational mode to a reference eigenfrequency value of said vibrational mode, thereby detecting the deviating AM process behaviour.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing objects are provided herein. In some embodiments, a system includes a printer assembly configured to perform an additive manufacturing process with a curable material, at least one sensor, and a material removal device. The system can be configured to form an object portion from the curable material using the printer assembly. The system can be configured to generate sensor data of the object portion using the at least one sensor, and determine whether an error is present in the object portion based on the sensor data. In response to a determination that the error is present in the object portion, the system can be configured to remove a region of the object portion containing the error using the material removal device.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a computing system, a plurality of digital models corresponding to a plurality of dental aligners each configured to move one or more teeth based on one or more treatment plans; analyzing, by the computing system, a geometric characteristic of the plurality of digital models; preparing, by the computing system, the plurality of digital models for manufacturing the plurality of dental aligners by adding one or more support structures to at least one digital model of the plurality of digital models based on the analysis; forming, via additive manufacturing, the plurality of dental aligners including at least one dental aligner with the one or more support structures; receiving, by a laser system, the at least one dental aligner; and cutting, by the laser system, the one or more support structures from the at least one dental aligner.

Abstract: A method for producing a gatherable material comprising the steps of: a) providing two material web sections and a thread in between, b) providing processing device having a tool with a sealing surface and a counter-tool with a counter-sealing surface, the tool and the counter-tool being arranged relative to one another such that a gap is formed in between, the tool and/or the counter-tool having a groove for guiding the thread, c) passing the web sections and the thread through the gap, so that the two material web sections are welded together at two connecting surfaces, the thread being arranged between the two connecting surfaces such that there is a positive connection between the thread and the material web sections, a cross-section of the thread relative to a cross-section of the groove being selected such that an outer section of the thread is also welded to the material web sections.

Abstract: The machine (1) comprises at least one main welding device (3) of a first profiled element (4) and a second profiled element (5) which extend along their respective longitudinal directions and are each provided with at least one extremal area to be welded (6), the main welding device (3) comprising: main retaining means (18, 19) of the profiled elements (4, 5); main heating means (20) adapted to heat the extremal areas to be welded (6); main displacement means (21) of the main retaining means (18, 19) adapted to displace the profiled elements (4, 5) between a mutual spacing away position and a mutual approaching position; wherein the main heating means (20) comprise two heating plates (27), each of which can be placed in contact with a respective extremal area to be welded (6) and arranged substantially parallel to each other at a predefined distance to define a free volume (V) positioned between them.

Abstract: A fiber placement device that includes a placement surface on which a reinforcing fiber tow is placed and stacked; a tow arranging mechanism which presses and places the reinforcing fiber tow against and on the placement surface; and a heating mechanism which is configured to heat the placement surface. In one placement cycle, the tow arranging mechanism presses a group of the reinforcing fiber tows against the placement surface heated in advance by the heating mechanism, moves by a predetermined length in a first axial direction to glue and fix the group of the reinforcing fiber tows onto the placement surface, and move the placement surface in a second axial direction which substantially intersects the first axial direction.

Abstract: A fiber placement apparatus for arraying prepreg tapes in a width direction, and laminating the arrayed prepreg tapes includes first rollers and a second roller. Each of the prepreg tapes is a material of a fiber reinforced plastic. The first rollers feed out the prepreg tapes one by one. The first rollers rotate around first rotation axes. The second roller arrays the prepreg tapes, fed out from the first rollers, in the width direction, and feeds out the arrayed prepreg tapes slidably. The second roller rotates around a second rotation axis lying on a skew position with respect to each of the first rotation axes. At least one first roller of the first rollers is provided with a first position adjustment mechanism that adjusts a position of the at least one first roller in a first rotation axis direction of the at least one first roller.

Abstract: A method of embedding a reinforcing fiber into a thermoplastic resin. The method includes providing a cavity defined by first and second members and a seal and enclosing a ply stack. The ply stack includes at least one thermoplastic resin ply including the thermoplastic resin and at least one reinforcing fiber ply including the reinforcing fiber. The method further includes subjecting the cavity to a vacuum to form a vacuum-sealed cavity to impart an impregnation pressure on the ply stack. The method also includes heating the vacuum-sealed cavity to an impregnation temperature above a glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin to form a heated thermoplastic resin impregnating into the reinforcing fiber to form a heated composite. The method also includes cooling the heated composite to form a thermoplastic composite.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a molding apparatus including: a first thermally conductive flange and a second thermally conductive flange, said first and second thermally conductive flanges delimiting a cavity configured to receive thermoplastic pre-impregnated textiles, a mold thermally conductive and thermoregulated by a heat transfer fluid—comprising an upper impression and a lower impression, said upper and lower impressions being configured to receive said first and second thermally conductive flanges.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a preform for a turbomachine component with a weaving installation including at least a first delivery roll and a storage roll. The method includes the following steps: —feeding the weaving installation with weft and warp filaments, —weaving the weft and warp filaments together to form the preform, —driving the preform in a direction of travel towards the storage roll, applying a predetermined tension on the preform, —winding the preform onto and storing it on the storage roll. The method also includes a step of immobilizing the preform on the first delivery roll positioned upstream of the storage roll in the direction of travel of the preform.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite vehicle components (e.g. walls, floor, roof) having interleaved foam core members and pre-pultruded reinforcing pillars by pultruding the cores and pillars into a vehicle component (e.g. bus sidewall formed as integral component front to rear) and cutting apertures therein for insertion of vehicle accessories (e.g. windows). Also, vehicle components can be formed having interlocking profiled edges where a first component is inserted into a second component, and rotated to bring the two components into locking engagement. A plurality of components can be formed with the same geometry, and oriented 180 degrees offset from each other to bring their profiled edges adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a complex-shaped composite part, including the steps of applying a metallic sheath around a composite laminate workpiece and applying an electric current through the metallic sheath to heat the workpiece. The metallic sheath may be sealed around the composite laminate workpiece, with air or atmosphere evacuated therefrom. The method also includes shaping the workpiece in the metallic sheath into a complex-shaped composite part while it is being heated. The shaping can be performed between two ceramic dies or using other techniques for forming complex shapes and curvatures into the workpiece. The method then may include cooling the complex-shaped composite part and removing the metallic sheath from the complex-shaped composite part. This method minimizes cycle times and reduces breakage of fiber reinforcement of the composite laminate. The method also helps avoid tearing, buckling, or wrinkling of the workpiece during formation via the structural support provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for surface finishing of articles made from a polyamide material and produced by additive manufacturing is disclosed. Articles are heated in a treatment chamber and brought into contact with the vapor of a process material, such as pure acetic acid, at an operating temperature few degrees above the boiling temperature of the process material and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure. The result is a transient softening of a surface layer and consequent material reflowing that smooths surface unevenness. Once the contact time between the vapor and the surface of the article has elapsed, pressure is quickly reduced to atmospheric pressure and the liquid and vapor present in the treatment chamber are sent to a process material recovery unit. Before removing the treated article, the treatment chamber is cooled, washed and dried.

Abstract: A laminating system, an insert injection system including a laminating process, a laminating method, and an insert injection method including the laminating process, which can enhance adhesive force between a metal sheet made of a SUS material and plastic resin, which are raw materials for injection-molded products, such as automobile window moldings, when the injection-molded products are manufactured, are described. The present system can enhance adhesive force between a metal sheet made of a SUS material and plastic resin through introduction of film-type adhesive and dedicated adhesive equipment, which are raw materials for injection-molded products, such as automobile window moldings, when the injection-molded products are manufactured, and can save labor costs generated due to manual work by workers and improve the workshop environment (e.g., the unique smell of solvent-type bond/contamination).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method to manufacture a mold (10) for forming contact lenses (100) using the technique of molding with molds of monomeric and/or polymeric material; such molds (10) comprise a male element (11) and a female element (12), which cooperate to define a cavity suitable to accommodate monomeric and/or polymeric material in the liquid state intended to form the lens (100), wherein the method provides to obtain, by means of laser processing, a plurality of grooves (23) in the male element (11) intended to form functional elements in relief (101) of the lenses (100). The invention also concerns a mold (10) for contact lenses (100) made of monomeric and/or polymeric material that can be obtained with the method as above.

Abstract: Thermoformed polyester resin closures for closing containers, the polyester resins including polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), polyethylene furandicarboxylate (“PEF”), or a copolymer including PET and PEF, are provided herein. Methods of making the thermoformed closures are further provided. Methods of sterilizing the thermoformed closures are further provided.

Abstract: A pulp molding machine and split heater plate assembly are contemplated for the manufacture of molded pulp products. The heater plate assembly is split into upper and lower planar members, with grooves formed at the interfacing area of these members and individual cartridge heaters disposed in these grooves. Use of this split heater plate reduces the difference in set temperature of the heater and the observed surface temperature of tooling affixed to the top of the split heater plate, while also delivering up to 15% improvements in the speed of the manufacturing operations relying on that split heater plate.

Abstract: A normalizing system for use with a case former, the system's components function and use are provided. Components of the system include a frame that defines a blank magazine area and a case forming area. Case pickers within the blank magazine area are configured to engage and lift a top-most case blank from the magazine. The pickers transfer the blank to left and right clamp assemblies, which grasp respective edges of the blank and then advance the blank toward the case forming area along a linear pathway. Alignment sensors positioned across the pathway detect if the case blank is in alignment as determined by the value of the angle(s) that the leading edge of the blank forms where it intersects each of the alignment sensors. If misalignment is detected, servos which control the rate of advancement of the clamp assemblies, adjust that rate to bring the blank back into alignment.

Abstract: A method for conveying a strip plastic film that can appropriately change the conveyance path for a strip plastic film continuously conveyed from an upstream side such as a raw film to a downstream side includes, when the strip plastic film conveyed from the upstream side is conveyed to the downstream side while being wound on the outer surface of a guide member in at least the central region in the width direction of the film, moving, rotating, or tilting the guide member that has the strip plastic film wound thereon via a base connected to the guide member to change the frictional resistance of the strip plastic film with respect to the guide member and the tension of the strip plastic film, thereby allowing the strip plastic film to slide along the outer surface of the guide member, and thus changing the conveyance path for the strip plastic film.

Abstract: Apparatus (100; 200) for making straws comprising a support structure (60; 600) defining an internal volume and carrying a feeding station (30; 300) configured to feed a strip (1a) or at least one discrete sheet (1b) of paper material, and a forming station (10; 101) with a conveyor (13; 130) comprising a base (15; 150), a first side wall (16; 160) and a second side wall (17; 170) converging with each other. The conveyor is configured to receive the strip in a substantially flat form at an infeed portion and wind it around a winding axis to define a cylindrical body (5) made of paper material, wherein the strip edges (2, 3) are facing each other and overlapping to define a mutually overlapping portion (4). The apparatus further comprises a winding body (11; 110) passing through a passage opening (14; 140) of the conveyor, and a constraining station (20; 201) configured to join the strip edges to define a straw.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing corrugated paperboard is disclosed. The method comprises: directing a corrugating medium from a corrugating medium supply roll to a pair of corrugating rolls; and operating the pair of corrugating rolls to corrugate the corrugating medium; wherein each corrugating roll is operated at ambient temperature; and wherein the step of operating the pair of corrugating rolls to corrugate the corrugating medium comprises forming a fluted web in which the corrugating medium substantially conforms around a plurality of corrugator peaks and is spaced from a plurality of corrugator troughs in at least one of the pair of corrugating rolls.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a laminate includes: placing a mold having one surface on which a plurality of recesses are formed; applying a coating material to the one surface of the mold on which the recesses are formed, and dropping the coating material applied to portions of the recesses into the recesses while remaining the coating material applied to a portion of the one surface other than the recesses on the one surface of the mold; drying the coating material to form a polymer coating film having through-holes formed in portions corresponding to the recesses; pressing a support against the mold with the polymer coating film interposed between the support and the mold; and peeling the polymer coating film off together with the support from the mold to obtain a laminate including the support and the polymer coating film.

Abstract: A laminated glass assembly, a signal transmission system, and a vehicle are provided. The laminated glass assembly includes laminated glass, a wave transparent layer, and a thermal insulation layer. The laminated glass has a signal transmission region and a non-signal transmission region. The wave transparent layer is carried on the laminated glass. An orthographic projection of the wave transparent layer on the laminated glass covers the signal transmission region and the non-signal transmission region. The thermal insulation layer is carried on the laminated glass. An orthographic projection of the thermal insulation layer on the laminated glass covers the non-signal transmission region and avoids the signal transmission region.

Abstract: A laser-engraved seal is provided with improved tamper-resistance, in which the laser-engraved seal includes a surface layer and an adhesive layer, wherein laser engraving on the seal is performed such that the applicable part of the surface layer is removed to form a background pattern, and an identification mark is formed inside the background pattern. The laser-engraved seal includes a surface layer having a first color serving as a release layer, and a base material layer having a second color including a base material or an adhesive layer serving as a base material, and the laser-engraved seal further includes a background pattern formed by removing part of the surface layer by laser engraving performed on the surface layer, and an identification mark formed as a recess inside the background pattern by removing part of the base material layer by laser engraving.