Abstract: A solution including at least one metal salt, a reducing agent which makes it possible to reduce the metal salt, and a stabilising additive of formula F1 in which the Ra, Rb and Rc groups denote, independently of one another, an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne, which may be independently linear, branched or cyclic and which include from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and where the Rd and Re groups denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, or an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne, which may each be independently linear, branched or cyclic and which include from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A reactive primer compound is provided that can be used as an adhesion promoter on various substrates, particularly metal-containing substrates. The reactive primer compound has a diketone group that can form chelates with various metals through coordination chemistry plus an oxirane group that can undergo ring opening reactions with components of an adhesive or coating composition. Articles containing a metal-containing substrate and a primer layer, which includes the reactive primer compound, positioned adjacent the metal-containing substrate are also provided. The articles can further include a cured composition or a cured composition formed therefrom, wherein the curable composition typically includes an epoxy resin and a curative for the epoxy resin.

Abstract: A method of coating an automotive part for an electric drive unit is provided. The method comprises providing a part comprising a body having an outer surface and introducing the part in an aqueous coating solution comprising sodium metabisulfite and citric acid to form residual oxides on the outer surface defining a sample-water interface. The method further comprises emitting ultrasonic waves in the coating solution to generate acoustic cavitation activity at the sample-water interface and continuously form oxygen and hydrogen species. The citric acid arranged to activate the outer surface to allow for the reaction with the oxygen and hydrogen species forming iron hydroxide. The sodium metabisulfite arranged to react with the iron hydroxide generating iron oxysulfide such that the iron oxysulfide reacts with the oxygen and hydrogen species to produce iron oxide and iron sulfide on the outer surface defining a black oxide coating.

Abstract: An electrode material for aluminum electrolytic capacitors is disclosed, including a sintered body of at least one powder selected from the group consisting of an aluminum powder and an aluminum alloy powder on at least one surface of an aluminum foil substrate or an aluminum alloy foil substrate, wherein (1) the sintered body has a total thickness of 50 to 900 ?m, (2) the powder in the sintered body has a 10% particle size D10 in a number-based particle size distribution of 1.0 to 1.8 ?m, (3) the powder in the sintered body has a 50% particle size D50 in the number-based particle size distribution of 2.0 to 3.5 ?m, and (4) the powder in the sintered body has a 90% particle size D90 in the number-based particle size distribution of 3.8 to 6.0 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed are oxyalkylated surfactants used in compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion.

Abstract: A composition for application to a metal substrate comprises a metal cation, an azole compound and an aqueous carrier. A composition for coating a substrate comprises a carrier comprising an epoxy carrier, a urethane carrier, or a fluorinated urethane carrier, and an azole compound. A coated substrate includes the composition for application to a metal substrate and a coating on the composition. A method of fabricating a coated substrate comprises applying the composition to a substrate, allowing the composition to dry to form a conversion coating, and applying a coating on the conversion coating.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell separator manufacturing method involving immersing a stainless-steel base material formed into a shape of a separator in an acidic solution having a fluorine ion concentration of 0.1 ppm or higher and a pH of 1±0.2 at 80° C.±5° C. for 60 minutes or longer to perform a modification treatment on a surface of the stainless-steel base material.

Abstract: An electrolyzer system includes electrolyzer cell columns each containing at least one stack of electrolyzer cells that are configured to receive a steam inlet stream and an air inlet stream, and to generate a hydrogen exhaust stream and an oxygen exhaust stream, an air recuperator heat exchanger surrounded by the electrolyzer cell columns and configured to heat the air inlet stream using the oxygen exhaust stream, a steam recuperator heat exchanger surrounded by the electrolyzer cell columns and configured to heat the steam inlet stream using the hydrogen exhaust stream, an outer column heater located radially outward of the electrolyzer cell columns and configured to radiate heat toward radially outward surfaces of the electrolyzer cell columns, and an inner column heater located radially inward of the electrolyzer cell columns, surrounding the air recuperator heat exchanger and the steam recuperator heat exchanger, and configured to radiate heat toward radially inward surfaces of the electrolyzer cell colu

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between a high-nickel content anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; applying an electric current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, in which the CNM product comprises a minimal relative-amount of at least 70 wt %, as compared to a total weight of the CNM product, of hollow nano-onion product, in which the high-nickel content anode is made of pure nickel or an alloy that comprises greater than 50 wt % nickel.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide conversion apparatus 1 includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis part 3 that includes a cathode chamber 11 to produce a first gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen and an anode chamber 12 to produce a second gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide; a direct-current power supply 14; an organic-substance synthesis part 4 to synthesize an organic substance from a feed gas containing the first gas; a partial oxidation part 5 that includes an oxygen removal chamber 22 to receive the second gas and a partial oxidation chamber 21 to partially oxidize a synthesis residual gas from the organic-substance synthesis part 4 to produce a third gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and a first measurement control part 33 to control an amount of the second gas from the anode chamber 12 to the oxygen removal chamber 22 to increase an amount of carbon monoxide in the third gas.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide conversion apparatus 1 includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis part 3 that includes: a cathode chamber 8 to reduce carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide; and an anode chamber 9 to oxidize an oxidizable substance to produce oxygen and carbon dioxide; a carbon dioxide capture part 5 to separate and capture the carbon dioxide from an oxygen-carbon dioxide containing gas produced in the anode chamber 9; a carbon monoxide purification part 4 to purify the carbon monoxide in a carbon monoxide containing gas produced in the cathode chamber 8; and an oxidation part 6 to perform a reaction between a reducing gas and a carbon dioxide containing gas, the reducing gas containing a residual carbon monoxide discharged from the carbon monoxide purification part 4, and the carbon dioxide containing gas being separated and captured in the carbon dioxide capture part 5 and containing a residual oxygen.

Abstract: An advanced manufactured electrochemical reactor to convert air (N2+O2) to nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3). The electrochemical reactor platform can be tailored via advanced manufacturing to improve activity, selectivity, energy efficiency and stability of the reactions.

Abstract: A compression device includes: an electrochemical cell that includes an anode and a cathode that sandwich an electrolyte membrane; a voltage application unit that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode; and a metal plate that is exposed to compressed hydrogen generated at the cathode and that is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement. The metal plate includes a first terminal connected to the voltage application unit. The first terminal is directly connected to a second terminal that has a lower resistance than the first terminal. The second terminal is directly connected to the voltage application unit, and the first terminal is connected to the voltage application unit via the second terminal.

Abstract: The electrochemical module is formed by stacking a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies having electrolyte membranes, anodes and cathodes. The plurality of membrane electrode assemblies are stacked so that a first region where the anodes face each other and a second region where the cathodes face each other appear alternately in the stacking direction. Further, at least one of the first region and the second region includes a common flow path shared by two adjacent membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a bipolar plate electrode assembly of a fuel cell or of an electrolysis device comprising a stack of expanded metal layers arranged layerwise that form a gas diffusion electrode and a bipolar plate, wherein the stack is limited in the direction of the stack at least at one end by an outer expanded metal layer, wherein the outer expanded metal layer is areally materially bonded to the bipolar plate, characterized in that the outer expanded metal layer is made of two parts and comprises an expanded metal element as well as a metal insert inserted into the expanded metal element and materially bonded to the expanded metal element, wherein the outer expanded metal layer is materially bonded to the bipolar plate solely in the region of the metal insert.

Abstract: A device for catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections having a semiconductor composition, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed over the array of conductive projections, each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles being configured for the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2). Each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles includes a Group VA element, the Group VA element being a metal or a metalloid.

Abstract: A heterostructured photoelectrocatalyst and a method of fabricating the same. The heterostructured photoelectrocatalyst according to the invention includes a substrate, a plurality of nanowires, a plurality of metal nanoparticles and a transition metal compound film. The substrate is formed of a semiconductor material with a first conductive type. The plurality of nanowires are formed of the semiconductor material and formed on an upper surface of the substrate. Each nanowire thereon exists a few of the plurality of metal nanoparticles. The transition metal compound film is formed to overlay the plurality of nanowires and the plurality of metal nanoparticles. The transition metal compound film can formed of a transition metal sulfide, a transition metal telluride or a transition metal selenide. The compound film has a second conductive type different from the first conductive type.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen using two types of electrolysis systems, the first having an active DC module and at least one first-type electrolyzer producing a first hydrogen output by using a first power from the active DC module, and the second electrolysis system having a passive DC module and at least one second-type electrolyzer producing a second hydrogen output by using a second power from the passive DC module. The method includes increasing the first hydrogen output and when it crosses a first predefined hydrogen output threshold, switching on the second electrolysis system and decreasing the first hydrogen output of the first electrolysis system to the first predefined hydrogen output threshold minus the second hydrogen output, so that an overall hydrogen output of the hydrogen production plant is a sum of the first hydrogen output and the second hydrogen output.

Abstract: Gas generator includes decomposition unit and supply unit. Decomposition unit reacts with at least a portion of a supply liquid to generate at least one of hydrogen gas or oxygen gas. Supply unit collects moisture in the atmosphere, and supplies the collected moisture to decomposition unit as supply liquid.

Abstract: An object of the invention is a recirculated solid oxide electrolyzer cell system, a cell comprising a fuel side (100), an oxygen rich side (102), and an electrolyte element (104) between the fuel side and the oxygen rich side.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting lithium metal ions from a lithium containing ore such as spodumene or lithium salts are provided. The lithium ore or salt is suspended in a hydroxide salt or eutectic and heated to produce a molten salt suspension that is used to electroplate lithiated transition metal oxides on an electrode. Lithium metal or lithium ions can be isolated from the deposited lithiated transition metal oxides. A second metal ore may be included in the suspension and processed with the lithium ore.

Abstract: A decoupled plating system is provided for producing lithium. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a feed tank configured to supply a lithium-rich aqueous electrolyte stream, a plating tank that is configured to receive an organic electrolyte and plate out lithium metal from that organic electrolyte, and one or more lithium replenishment cells configured to receive both electrolytes, keep them separated, and selectively move lithium ions from the aqueous electrolyte into the spent organic electrolyte stream. The present system and process can advantageously reduce operating costs and/or improve energy efficiency in production of lithium metal and associated products.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing colorful thermal insulation films is provided. A substrate is connected with a metal adhesion layer and then the metal adhesion layer is connected with a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) layer. A porosity of the AAO layer is changed by pore-widening. Thereby the thermal insulation film produced shows the color by the structure color of the AAO layer. Thus no dyes and organic compounds are required to be added during manufacturing process and environmental pollution caused by these substances can be avoided. The pore-widening changes the porosity of the AAO layer and further provides convenient color adjustment so that the colorful thermal insulation film with different colors can be produced easily. Besides providing attractive appearance, the colorful thermal insulation film filters out light with specific wavelengths.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the lightfastness of a dyed anodic oxide film of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Provided are a Lightfastness improver for a dyed anodic oxide film of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a method for improving the Lightfastness of the film.

Abstract: In a plating apparatus including a shielding member, an ionically resistive element is disposed to be close to a surface to be plated of a substrate to improve uniformity of a distribution of plating film-thickness. A plating apparatus includes: a plating tank 410 configured to house a plating solution; a substrate holder 440 configured to hold a substrate Wf with a surface to be plated Wf-a facing downward; an anode 430 disposed in the plating tank 410; an ionically resistive element 450 disposed between the substrate Wf and the anode 430 and including an opposed surface 450-a opposed to the surface to be plated Wf-a, the opposed surface 450-a including a first opposed surface 450-a1 and a second opposed surface 450-a2 apart from the surface to be plated Wf-a more than the first opposed surface 450-a1; and a shielding member 481 disposed in a depressed region ? of the ionically resistive element 450, the depressed region ? being formed by the second opposed surface 450-a2.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide an electrodeposition apparatus including a laminating mechanism, a dispensing platform, a liquid-feed device, a power supply device, and a control module. A first electrode substrate is fixed on a first surface of the dispensing platform. A second electrode substrate is fixed on a second surface of the laminating mechanism. The control module is configured to control movement of the laminating mechanism so that a gap is defined between the first surface and the second surface. The control module is further configured to control the liquid-feed device to inject a nanoparticle solution into the gap, and control the power supply device to apply voltages to the first electrode substrate and the second electrode substrate to perform electrodeposition process on the first electrode substrate and/or the second electrode substrate.

Abstract: A process for cleaning a substrate includes removing carbon containing contaminants from a native oxide layer on a surface of a substrate by performing a reducing process using a hydrogen containing plasma, and after removing carbon containing contaminants, removing the native oxide layer from the substrate by performing an etch process using a fluorine containing plasma.

Abstract: The first area density is 0.03/cm2 or more, and a value obtained by dividing the second area density by a sum of the first area density and the second area density is 10% or less. As viewed in a direction perpendicular to the main surface, the first recess extends in a straight line along a direction inclined with respect to each of the first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a first-direction-side end portion of the first recess is contiguous to a 4H polytype region, and as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the main surface, the second recess extends in a straight line along a direction inclined with respect to each of the first direction and the second direction, and a first-direction-side end portion of the second recess is contiguous to a 3C polytype region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for identifying peptide therapeutics to treat a variety of conditions. In some embodiments, a method for identifying peptide in therapeutics to treat viral infection condition is described. In some embodiments, a method for identifying peptide therapeutics to treat cancer is described. Some embodiments related to the peptides identified by the method described herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a process for producing polymer fibers, typically polyacrylonitrile-based fibers, the morphology of which is controlled by the use of a polymer additive to form a polymer blend with polyacrylonitrile, which is then subjected to certain coagulation and washing conditions. The present disclosure also relates to carbon fibers produced by processing the polymer fibers made.

Abstract: A water-repellent fibre (300) for a yarn and/or a fabric or textile is provided. The fibre (300) comprises a hydrophobic material. The fibre (300) also comprises a shape or configuration comprising one or more micro and/or nano-sized structures (310).

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol fiber that is excellent in water absorption properties, water solubility and mechanical strength; a fiber structure including the polyvinyl alcohol fiber; and a method for producing the polyvinyl alcohol fiber are provided. The polyvinyl alcohol fiber includes 1 mol % or more of at least one functional group selected from a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonate group, a maleic acid group, an itaconic acid group, an acrylic acid group, and a methacrylic acid group. The polyvinyl alcohol fiber has a degree of cross-linking of 0% and a tensile strength of 3 cN/dtex or more.

Abstract: The invention is directed to carbon fibers having high tensile strength. The invention also provides a method and apparatus for making the carbon fibers. The method comprises advancing a precursor fiber through a plurality of passes through an oxidation oven, where stretching during the initial passes is minimized or eliminated entirely, or made negative, followed by controlled stretching over a series of passes, using rollers of increasing speed.

Abstract: A carbon material can comprise a porous scaffold of carbon fibrils and particles of carbon black attached to the carbon fibrils. The carbon material can be provided in an atmosphere of a gas comprising one or more organic compounds, for example, methane. The carbon material and the gas can be subjected to a temperature (e.g., 1700 K) that causes the organic compound(s) to undergo pyrolysis to form carbon and hydrogen. For example, the carbon material can be used as a Joule heating element to heat the material and the gas to the pyrolysis temperature. At least some of the formed carbon can be deposited on or within the carbon material. As a result, the carbon fibrils in the material can merge to form a carbonized matrix, and the carbon black particles can become embedded within the carbonized matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a carbon fiber that gives a carbon fiber bundle having a high strand strength and a high strand elastic modulus and has reduced defects; a carbon fiber bundle including the carbon fiber; and a production method for a carbon fiber bundle having a high strand strength and a high strand elastic modulus and having reduced defects in single fibers. The carbon fiber of the present invention is such that the number of voids in a cross-section of a single fiber is 8 or less; the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention includes the carbon fiber of the present invention; and in the production method for a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention, a temperature increase rate in a case of raising a heating temperature from 1,800° C. to 2,200° C. is 300° C./min to 600° C./min.

Abstract: In one aspect, a textile component including bulking yarn is disclosed. In embodiments, the textile component is a knitted component. In one embodiment, an article of footwear includes a knitted component arch support configured to reduce the rate of pronation. A support structure may include a fusible yarn adjacent to an external surface of the arch support, a bulking yarn, and a nonfusible yarn. In certain embodiments, an arch support includes compartments and flex lines. In another aspect, an article having a knitted component includes a rigid material, a bulking yarn, and a flexible material. The rigid material may be fusible yarn. Methods for forming a textile component are provided. One embodiment involves knitting a first section comprising a fusible yarn, a second section comprising a bulking yarn, and a third section comprising a nonfusible yarn, and heating.

Abstract: A patterned fabric with a number of threadings therein which cause surface variations in the fabric. A selvedge of the fabric includes reference markers therein, preferably also identified by threadings in the fabric (e.g. bindings or stitches). The reference markers include some matching portions that allow for computer imaging identification of the markers at the threading level and a coded portion which varies to identify where along the fabric the marker is located and thus allow a printing and imaging apparatus to identify threadings within a pattern area between the selvedges which pattern area will be printed or is printed with a printed design.

Abstract: The drapable electronic component comprises a protective layer formed of a textile and a protective polymer layer coating one side of the textile, an electronic layer deposited on the textile on the other side of the textile and formed by printing a conductive, semiconductor or dielectric ink; the textile is a fabric obtained by weaving continuous yarns, it has a cover factor CF25 higher than or equal to 0.5, CF25=(number of filaments/cm×diameter of 1 filament in cm)warp+(number of filaments/cm×diameter of 1 filament in cm)weft over 25 ?m thickness of said textile, the textile having a thickness of between 25 and 400 ?m.

Abstract: The application is directed on a textile fabric, preferably a woven fabric, including a textile fabric-body formed by a first thread group, of longitudinal threads, running in a longitudinal direction of the textile fabric-body, and a second thread group, of transverse threads, running in a transverse direction of the textile fabric-body, the first thread group and the second thread group being linked/combined with each other via the respective longitudinal and transverse threads such that force redirection structures running in the transverse direction are formed (i) alternately on one side and another side of the textile fabric-body with a respective offset in the longitudinal direction, or (ii) on one side of the textile fabric-body with a respective offset in the longitudinal direction, wherein each respective force redirection structure is designed so as to cause, under force application, in particular in a normal direction of the fabric-body, at least a force redirection at least in the longitudinal dir

Abstract: A cuff, a collar, a welt, a hem, or a waistband structure having moisture management functionality utilizing hydrophilic and hydrophobic knitted yarns, and a method of manufacturing such a cuff or collar are described. The cuff or collar is knit using a patterning mechanism to form a tubular body having one or more individual courses, each of which have adjacent wales the tubular body terminating in a turned welt having moisture management functionality where the hydrophobic/hydrophilic arrangement of individual courses of the tubular body is generally maintained in the turned welt.

Abstract: A circular knitting machine for knitwear includes a needle-holding cylinder having longitudinal grooves arranged around a central axis and housing a plurality of needles and a needle-holding ring having radial grooves housing a plurality of holding-down sinkers, wherein each needle is paired with at least one respective adjacent sinker so as to form a needle-sinker assembly. Each needle-sinker assembly includes a pre-selection element paired with the respective needle and comprising a connecting portion aligned with the radial groove and selectively cooperating with the adjacent sinker belonging to the same needle-sinker assembly. Each radial groove has a rear section and a front section, open on the front side towards the central axis; the front section is wider than the rear section. The front section is configured for laterally containing and guiding the connecting portion of the pre-selection element in its movements during the operating cycle of the knitting machine.

Abstract: The invention is a trackable protective sleeving, which include a filament, a digital identifier secured to the filament, and a hollow structure carrying the filament. The hollow structure may include a plurality of braided fibers, woven fibers, or knit fibers. The hollow structure may be extruded. In one embodiment, the filament and the plurality of fibers may be arranged in a braided configuration formatting a tube with a central void.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a non-woven fabric for a sound-absorbing material and a sound-absorbing material which are excellent in thickness recoverability and followability during molding and excellent in sound-absorbing performance. In order to solve such a problem, there is provided a non-woven-fabric layered body for a sound-absorbing material in which a non-woven fabric layer ? and a non-woven fabric layer ? are layered, in which the non-woven fabric layer ? contains short fibers A having a fineness of 0.4 to 3.8 dtex, short fibers B having a fineness of 4.0 to 22.0 dtex, and short fibers C1 containing a resin having a melting point of 135 to 190° C.

Abstract: A non-woven fabric is provided which includes a three-dimensional array of fibers. The three-dimensional array of fibers includes an array of standing fibers extending perpendicular to a plane of the non-woven fabric and attached to a base substrate, where the base substrate is one or more of an expendable film substrate, a metal base substrate, or a mandrel substrate. Further, the three-dimensional array of fibers includes multiple layers of non-woven parallel fibers running parallel to the plane of the non-woven fiber in between the array of standing fibers in a defined pattern of fiber layer orientations. In implementation, the array of standing fibers are grown to extend from the base substrate using laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD).

Abstract: Electret melt-blown webs made from a polypropylene composition (PC) comprising a propylene homopolymer (HPP) having: a. a melt flow rate MFR2 in the range from 400 to 5000 g/10 min, b. a melting temperature Tm, in the range from 140 to 160° C., and c. a content of 2, 1 erythro regiodefects in the range from 0.01 to 1.5 mol %.

Abstract: A sewing machine determines a pattern from multiple patterns, as a first pattern. The sewing machine generates a projection image including a first image representing a sewing image of the first pattern in a sewing expected size thereof. The sewing machine projects the generated projection image onto a projection area. The sewing machine sews the first pattern on a workpiece in the sewing expected size based on pattern data for the first pattern.

Abstract: A control method for a clothes treatment device, to solve the problem of it being impossible to realize silent startup of a speech module. The control method includes: acquiring an image of a user with an image acquisition module; on the basis of the image, determining whether there are clothes in the hand of the user; if so, further determining whether the weight of clothes to be treated in a clothes treatment drum currently exceeds a threshold value; and from a determination result, selectively starting a speech module to perform washing reminding or starting a weighing module to perform clothes weighing. When there are clothes in the hand of a user, a speech or weighing module is further started according to whether the weight of clothes in a clothes treatment drum currently exceeds a threshold value, such that the speech module can be started without any operation of the user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a home appliance system capable of identifying state information of another laundry treating apparatus and selectively controlling said another laundry treating apparatus in one laundry treating apparatus when a plurality of laundry treating apparatuses are paired with each other.

Abstract: The present application relates to a clothing treatment device comprising: a cabinet having a mounting panel having a panel installation hole formed therein; a drum rotatably provided inside the cabinet; a control circuit board located inside the cabinet; a window body located in the panel installation hole; a film sensor provided on the window body to sense whether or not a part of a user's body comes into contact with the window body; a window having a film wire connecting the film sensor and the control circuit board; an installation body located between a light transmissive member and the control circuit board; and a substrate support part comprising a wire penetration portion provided such that the film wire penetrates the installation body and connects to the control circuit board.

Abstract: The present application relates to an interface comprising: an encoder having a fixed part, a rotating part rotatably coupled to the fixed part, and a signal generating part connected to a circuit board and generating an electrical signal when the rotating part rotates; an actuator having a shaft fixed to the rotating part, a handle fixed to the shaft and receiving a force required for rotation of the shaft, and a receiving space formed inside the handle; a display part having a fastening body fixed to the fixed part through the shaft, a receiving body fixed to the fastening body and positioned inside the receiving space, a mounting space formed inside the receiving body, a fastening body through-hole communicating with the mounting space through the fastening body, a receiving body through-hole passing through the receiving body and communicating with the mounting space, a display fixed to the mounting space and displaying information, a cover fixed to the receiving body to close the receiving body through-h