Abstract: The present technology relates to methods for excluding Lynch syndrome as a possible diagnosis in patients suffering from colorectal cancers or endometrial cancers. These methods are based on detecting the methylation status of the MLH1 promoter ‘C’ region in colorectal and endometrial cancer patients using an improved and highly sensitive methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for assisting decision making with regard to gilt (young female pigs) management on pig farms. The methods include means for determining which gilts will develop traits of reproductive success, including predicting early or late estrus, and which should be sold prior to becoming overweight for the full value market.

Abstract: A noninvasive methods for assessing the likelihood of recurrence of colorectal adenoma among patients who have previously undergone a procedure for colorectal cancer or adenoma removal as well as methods for reducing risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence in these patients. Kits useful for such methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method, apparatus, device and medium for identifying candidate genes that regulate the shape of bacteria. The method includes: obtaining reference genome data of bacteria and performing protein domain analysis on the reference genome data of bacteria; determining the feature value dataset for each bacterium based on the structural domains of all proteins obtained from the analysis; obtaining shape information of each bacterium; training a bacterial shape prediction model based on the shape information of each bacterium and the feature value dataset, and determining the weights of each protein domain in influencing the shape of the bacterium according to the bacterial prediction model; determining candidate genes that regulate the shape of bacteria based on the weights. This method can be used to rapidly screen out the candidate genes that regulate the shape of bacteria, and establish a new method for mining biofunctional genes.

Abstract: Natalizumab a monoclonal antibody is associated with the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an infection caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus. The inventors explored the hypothesis that bacteria should be involved in the onset of PML in connection to the HLA-DR haplotype in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Thus 625 MS patients starting Natalizumab therapy from the BIONAT study were followed prospectively. Among those patients, 12 developed a PML. Outside the BIONAT cohort, we included nine additional MS patients with PML who had been referred to our center. For each patient, blood metagenomics sequencing and sequencing-based typing for HLA-DRB1*15:01 ancestral haplotype were determined. HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype carriers show a protection against PML (p=0.03). Among blood taxa, at genus level, Phyllobacterium was only significantly associated in HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype carriers with an inflammatory marker (p<0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for performing a microbiome-analysis, comprising the steps: a) providing a primary sample derived from a microbiomic sample, the primary sample comprising a first target species at a first concentration and a second target species at a second concentration and different from the first target species, wherein the first target species is indicative of a first element of a microbiome of the microbiomic sample and the second target species is indicative of a second element of the microbiome, and wherein the second concentration is higher than the first concentration; b) providing two or more secondary samples derived from the primary sample, the two or more secondary samples including at least a highest dilution secondary sample, a lowest dilution secondary sample and optionally one or more intermediate dilution secondary samples, wherein the at least two secondary samples have different dilutions, and wherein the lowest dilution secondary sample may be diluted or undilut

Abstract: Systems and methods for screening for, diagnosing, indicating, treating, and identifying renal/urinary, inflammatory, and/or endocrine disease states in domestic cats. Systems and methods for screening for, diagnosing, indicating, treating, and identifying renal/urinary, inflammatory, and/or endocrine disease states in domestic cats. Systems and methods for screening for, diagnosing, indicating, treating, and identifying renal/urinary, inflammatory, and/or endocrine disease states in domestic cats.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for nucleic acid processing comprising obtaining a stabilized sample comprising a nucleic acid molecule complexed to at least one nucleic acid binding protein; contacting said stabilized sample to a dendrimer comprising a plurality of nucleic acid binding moieties such that said nucleic acid molecule forms a complex with said plurality of nucleic acid binding moieties; contacting said complex to an endonuclease to cleave said nucleic acid molecule between contact points of said nucleic acid molecule and said plurality of nucleic acid binding moieties creating a plurality of fragments of said nucleic acid molecule each complexed with a nucleic acid binding moiety of said plurality of said nucleic acid binding moieties; isolating said product using an agent that binds to said dendrimer; joining said plurality of fragments to each other to create a concatemer comprising each of said plurality of fragments of said nucleic acid molecule; and isolating said concatemer fr

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application are a method for identifying the species of a eukaryotic sample on the basis of whole genome analysis, and the use thereof, wherein the species identification of a sample to be detected is achieved by means of a species-specific target sequence obtained by screening. The species identification method of the present invention has good specificity, high sensitivity and good repeatability, and can achieve rapid species identification without relying on large-scale professional instruments.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a microfluidic pipeline which enables isolation and analysis of single viruses. Single viruses are encapsulated and manipulated within microfluidic droplets. The subject invention further pertains to the amplification of single viral genomes are amplified and confined within the droplets, followed by extraction and isolation of the single-droplet contents for sequencing analysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for detecting active microbial infection. In some cases, the methods can be used to detect active infection in a recipient of a transplanted organ, graft, or medical device. The present disclosure provides a method of monitoring disease in a human subject, wherein the method comprises obtaining a biological sample from the human subject; measuring concentrations of microbial cell-free nucleic acid (mcfNA) in the biological sample; comparing sequencing coverage near the origin of replication of a microbe to coverage in later replicating regions to derive a peak-to-trough ratio (PTR) score; and based at least on the PTR score, determining a rate of replication of the microbe. The methods described herein may analyze fragment lengths.

Abstract: Breath liquid particles and vapor are captured in a device presenting a surface and chamber space that condenses or freezes the vapor and aerosol particulates. One or more breaths are exhaled through the device. Capture can be performed on the freezing surface immobilizing water upon contact. The chamber space within the device may freeze or condense liquid breath particles and vapor to collect them. After collection, the liquid is gathered and collected either by draining, scraping, pushing, or centrifugal force. The liquid may be collected and combined with a sample preparation reagent such as a virus lysing reagent, an internal standard, etc. After collection, the sample is analyzed. Analysis may be performed by PCR, qPCR RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, LAMP, RPA or any nucleic acid detection method, lateral antigen mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry or any analytical tool or method. Nucleic acid amplification reagents may contain a lysing reagent such as acetonitrile.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 mutations in a sample comprising a nucleic acid molecule. By the method, rapid detection can be made of SARS-CoV-2 variants that has changed in viral characteristics (e.g., infectivity, mortality, vaccine effect, therapeutic effect, etc.), thus early preventing and promptly coping with the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Abstract: A method for splitting a semi-finished product includes placement of the semi-finished product on a splitting template, and the splitting template includes at least one elevation. The method includes fixation of the semi-finished product on the splitting template, in which an area of the semi-finished product is arranged on the elevation. The method includes splitting of the semi-finished product, in which material is removed from the semi-finished product during splitting. The material removal in the area that is arranged on the elevation is greater than in an area that is not arranged on the elevation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to scrap leather re use which is fully based on sustainable and the process of enhancing leather wastage and scrap into beautiful leather product. More particularly, the present invention relates to converting leather scrap into leather sheet with the help of glue. Further, the present invention effectively saves wastage of leather and save environment from the pollution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an example track pad having a ground-contacting portion for use in a track-based machine to propel and support the machine across a supporting surface. The track pad may be a track pad that forms a link of a chain forming the track for the track-based machine. The track pad includes a cast body formed of a first alloy steel having a first strength and toughness. The track pad includes a roll path that contacts a roller of the track-based machine. The roll path is hardened through an induction hardening process to achieve a hardness level at a depth of 32 millimeters or more from the surface of the roll path. The roll path is shaped and positioned to contact rollers of the track drive assembly and thereby reduce wear and fatigue on the track pad as a result of contact and force transferred through the roller.

Abstract: A quenching apparatus and a quenching method for a metal sheet with which it is possible to inhibit shape defects from occurring in the metal sheet when quenching is performed and a method for manufacturing a steel sheet. The quenching apparatus is placed on an exit side of a soaking zone in a continuous annealing furnace, and the apparatus includes a cooling fluid-spray device having plural spray nozzles for spraying mist onto both surfaces of a continuously transported metal sheet, and at least one pair of restraining rolls for restraining the metal sheet on both surfaces thereof in a region from a cooling start point to a cooling finish point in the cooling fluid-spray device.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet includes, by mass %, C: 0.010% or less, Si: 1.0% or more and 5.0% or less, Mn: 0.05% or more and 5.0% or less, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 3.0% or less, N: 0.005% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein an average crystal grain size is 50 ?m or less, and a sum SA of area ratios of crystal grains with <100> oriented in a rolling direction or a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction and a sum SB of area ratios of crystal grains with <111> oriented in the rolling direction or the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction satisfy SA?SB?0.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a plated steel sheet for hot press forming, having an excellent impact property.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel plate for hot forming, which is excellent in corrosion-resistance and spot-weldability, contains, by weight %, C: 0.1-0.4%, Si: 0.5-2.0%, Mn: 0.01-4.0%, Al: 0.001-0.4%, P: 0.001-0.05%, S: 0.0001-0.02%, Cr: 0.5% to less than 3.0%, N: 0.001-0.02%, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, satisfying formula (1) below, and includes an Si amorphous oxidation layer continuously or discontinuously formed at a thickness of 1 nm-100 nm on the surface thereof. Formula (1): 1.4? 0.4*Cr+Si?3.2 (wherein element symbols denote measurements of respective element contents by weight %).

Abstract: Method for producing a steel part including by weight: 0.05%?C?0.15%, 0.01%?Si?1%, 1.2%?Mn?2%, 0.1%?Cr?2%, 0.001?Al?0.1%, 0.003%?N?0.01%, 0?S?0.015%, 0?P?0.015%, 0%?Ni?1%, 0%?B?0.01%, 0%?Mo?1%, 0%?Ti?0.04%, 0%?Nb?0.1%, 0?V?0.5% the remainder consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities, annealing this semi-finished product at an annealing temperature strictly lower than the Ac1 temperature of the steel; cooling it down to room temperature; cold forming the semi-finished product into a cold formed product; subjecting the cold formed product to a heat treatment comprising heating the cold formed product to a heat treatment temperature greater than or equal to the full austenitisation temperature Ac3 of the steel; and quenching to room temperature; optionally reheating the product at a holding temperature from 180° C. to 400° C. for a time from 15 minutes to 2 hours.

Abstract: Methods for recovering a metal value from a metal-bearing material are provided. The method comprises agglomerating the metal-bearing material with an agglomeration solution comprising a raffinate, an oxidant, and citric acid or salts thereof to form an agglomerated metal-bearing material; leaching the agglomerated metal-bearing material with a leaching solution comprising the raffinate and the citric acid or salts thereof to produce a pregnant leaching solution and a leached material; re-oxidizing the leached material with a curing solution comprising the raffinate and the oxidant; and recovering the metal value from the pregnant leach solution to produce the raffinate.

Abstract: A method and system for recovering a high yield of low carbon ferroalloy, e.g., low carbon ferrochrome, from chromite and low carbon ferrochrome produced by the method. A stoichiometric mixture of feed materials including scrap aluminum granules, lime, silica sand, and chromite ore are provided into a plasma arc furnace. The scrap aluminum granules are produced from used aluminum beverage containers. The feed materials are heated, whereupon the aluminum in the aluminum granules produces an exothermic reaction reducing the chromium oxide and iron oxide in the chromite to produce molten low carbon ferrochrome with molten slag floating thereon. The molten low carbon ferrochrome is extracted, solidified and granulated into granules of low carbon ferrochrome. The molten slag is extracted, solidified and granulated into granules of slag.

Abstract: A method for beneficiation of mineralogical materials that comprises using a one or more of a suite of processes including fluidized bed separation, plasma-based stimulation or enhancement of chemical reactions using a Reactive X-Ray Chemical Processor, field enhancement of chemical reactions and process and drying. All of the processes can be used singly, jointly, simultaneously or sequentially in multiple stages. The methods are nearly non-polluting and serve to replace polluting wet chemistry and other beneficiation techniques.

Abstract: A method of recovering gold from a metal combination includes contacting the metal combination with a first leaching liquid sufficient to oxidize one or more additional metals of the metal combination to produce an oxidized product liquid and a recovered gold product, wherein the first leaching liquid includes chloride ions.

Abstract: A metal recovery system includes: a desalination apparatus obtaining freshwater with a reverse osmosis membrane from liquid to be processed pressurized by a pump; a metal recovery apparatus recovering metal ions from first drainage from the desalination apparatus, using a metal ion exchange membrane; and a control apparatus that includes: a pump control unit controlling energization of the pump so that an inflow flow rate of the liquid to be processed flowing into the desalination apparatus is a predetermined first flow rate when an exchange membrane temperature is within a temperature range determined in advance; and an exchange membrane control unit controlling energization of electrodes applying an electric field to a metal ion exchange membrane based on a first ion concentration that is a concentration of the metal ions in the first drainage when the exchange membrane temperature is within a temperature range determined in advance.

Abstract: A general and well-controlled method for synthesizing intermetallic nanoparticles is provided. The method comprises: preparing noble-metal nanoparticle seeds; dispersing a metal precursor into the noble-metal nanoparticle seeds to form a first solution; adding the first solution into an organic solvent to form a first mixture; sonicating the first mixture at room temperature; subjecting the first mixture to a heat treatment under N2 atmosphere to render a second solution; cooling the second solution naturally to room temperature; adding ethanol to the second solution to form a third solution; and collecting the intermetallic nanoparticle from the third solution by centrifugation. The as-synthesized hollow orthorhombic Pd2Sn alloy nanoparticles can accelerate the cleavage of C—C bond when compared with commercial Pd/C and display superior catalytic performance towards glycerol oxidation reaction and potential for promising applications.

Abstract: A high strength and toughness die-casting aluminum alloy without heat treatment, a preparation method and an article thereof are provided. Aluminum alloy includes the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0-10.0 wt. % of silicon, not more than 0.05 wt. % of copper, not more than 0.4 wt. % of magnesium, 0.3-0.7 wt. % of manganese, not more than 0.2 wt. % of iron, not more than 0.07 wt. % of zinc, not more than 0.2 wt. % of titanium, 0.015-0.03 wt. % of strontium, 0.01-0.1 wt. % of vanadium, 0.01-0.1 wt. % of zirconium, and other unavoidable impurity elements, each not more than 0.05 wt. %. The total amount of other unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.25 wt. %, and the rest is aluminum.

Abstract: Described herein are novel 5xxx series aluminum alloys which exhibit high strength and formability. The aluminum alloys described herein have higher amounts of Mg content than traditional 5xxx series aluminum alloys and exhibit high strength and formability. The aluminum alloys described herein are produced according to a method including continuous casting.

Abstract: This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, in which, when a region of ? to ? of a sheet thickness in a sheet thickness direction from a surface is defined as a ¼ depth position, a microstructure at the ¼ depth position includes, by area fraction, retained austenite: less than 3.0%, ferrite: less than 30.0%, and pearlite: less than 5.0%, at the ¼ depth position, an average number density of Ti-based carbides having a longest diameter of 15 nm or more is 1.0×104/mm2 or more, and an average grain size dq is 15.0 ?m or less, and a tensile strength is 980 MPa or more.

Abstract: A thermal spray alloy system that is more resistant to corrosion and erosion and hard-wear abrasion than conventional alloy compositions, and may be applied to a substrate by conventional welding techniques or thermal spray. The alloy may comprise carbon, nitrogen, and boron, in addition to chromium and other elements. The object to be coated may be any downhole component used in the oil and gas industry, or may be applied to any object or tool that needs an increased wear and/or corrosive protection layer including in diverse fields such as marine, chemical processing, and refining. A thermal spray coating with the alloy composition provides increased strength and resistance to spalling, breaking, cracking, deforming, and crack formation.

Abstract: Provided are a ferritic stainless steel used for bipolar plates of fuel cells, a controlling method of surface roughness, a method of forming passivation films, and use. The ferritic stainless steel comprises C of less than or equal to 0.03 wt. %, N of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. %, Si of less than or equal to 0.4 wt. %, Mn of less than or equal to 0.5 wt. %, Cr of 16-23 wt. %, Cu of 0-2.0 wt. %, Mo of 1.8-2.5 wt. %, Ni of 0.2-2.0 wt. %, Ti of 0.1-0.5 wt. %, Nb of 0.005-0.5 wt. %, P of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. %, S of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. %, and a remainder composed of Fe and other unavoidable accompanying elements, and the ferritic stainless steel has a grain size number of 4-9. The ferritic stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, and good elongation and deformation as well, exhibiting both economy and cost advantages.

Abstract: The film is formed using one of two film-forming materials. The first film-forming material contains: particles containing a crystal phase of a rare earth element fluoride; particles containing a crystal phase of a rare earth element oxide; and particles containing a crystal phase of a rare earth element ammonium fluoride double salt. The second film-forming material contains: particles containing a crystal phase of a rare earth element fluoride; and particles containing a crystal phase of a rare earth element oxide and a crystal phase of a rare earth element ammonium fluoride double salt. If a spray coated film is to be formed by means of thermal spraying using this film-forming material or film-forming slurry in particular, it is possible to form a rare earth element oxyfluoride spray coated film without the need for excessive heat.

Abstract: The invention is a nitriding treatment method for a steel component including at least three nitriding treatment steps. The first nitriding treatment step, the second nitriding treatment step and the third nitriding treatment step are performed at a temperature within a range of 500° C. to 590° C. The first nitriding potential for the first nitriding treatment step is a value within a range of 0.10 to 1.00. The second nitriding potential for the second nitriding treatment step is higher than the first nitriding potential and is a value within a range of 0.30 to 10.00. The third nitriding potential for the third nitriding treatment step is lower than the second nitriding potential and is a value within a range of 0.26 to 0.60.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mask assembly includes disposing a preliminary mask assembly including a frame having a frame opening and an open sheet having a plurality of first openings and including a first portion and a second portion, welding a preliminary unit mask to the first portion of the open sheet after stretching the preliminary unit mask on the preliminary mask assembly, welding the preliminary unit mask to the second portion of the open sheet, forming a plurality of unit masks by emitting laser onto the preliminary unit mask overlapping the second portion of the open sheet, and forming, in the plurality of unit masks, a plurality of deposition openings overlapping the plurality of first openings by emitting laser. The first portion overlaps the frame, and the second portion extends from the first portion and is disposed between the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A mask includes a plurality of deposition pattern portions, each of the plurality of deposition pattern portions including rib portions disposed between the plurality of deposition pattern portions. A plurality of openings is defined in each of the plurality of deposition pattern portions, the mask has a width in a first direction and a length in a second direction which intersects the first direction, sides of each of openings which are parallel to the first direction, among the plurality of openings, have a first taper angle, and the first taper angle is about 54 degrees or less.

Abstract: An electro-chemical sensor based on 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) functionalized heterogeneous layers of gold/graphene/Cu for highly sensitive detection of sugars, alcohols, and/or organic compounds in a sample is developed. 4-NTP molecules were immobilized into the surface of gold nanostructures. Due to the adsorption of 4-NTP on the surface, the new sensors showed more sensitivity and selectivity than conventional sensors.

Abstract: A vacuum evaporation method includes a vaporization step in which use is made of an evaporation boat including: a boat main body having a containing part of an evaporation material as an evaporation source; and electrode mounting plate parts respectively extending outward at both ends of the boat main body. A wire-shaped evaporation material is fed from above a bottom plate of the boat main body defining the containing part of the evaporation material, in a manner to come into contact with the bottom plate. Electric current is applied across both the electrode mounting plate parts in order to heat the boat main body, thereby evaporating the evaporation material inside the containing part. The vacuum evaporation method further includes a displacement step of continuously or intermittently displacing, while the wire-shaped evaporation material is being fed, a front end part of the wire-shaped evaporation material relative to the boat main body.

Abstract: A sputter deposition source for depositing a material on a substrate is described. The sputter deposition source includes an array of magnetron sputter cathodes arranged in a row for coating the substrate in a deposition area on a front side of the array. At least one magnetron sputter cathode of the array includes a first rotary target rotatable around a first rotation axis (A1); and a first magnet assembly arranged in the first rotary target and configured to provide a closed plasma racetrack (P) on a surface of the first rotary target that extends along the first rotation axis (A1) on a first side and on a second side of the at least one magnetron sputter cathode. Further described is a magnetron sputter cathode for a sputter deposition source and a method of depositing a material on a substrate.

Abstract: A tooling fixture suitable for use in infiltrating a fibrous preform with a reactant gas includes an outer surface and opposing inner surface defining a thickness therebetween, and a plurality of holes extending through the thickness. Each hole of the plurality of holes includes an inlet at the outer surface, the inlet configured to receive a flow of the reactant gas, an outlet at the inner surface, a transition point between the inlet and the outlet, and an angled segment extending from the transition point to the outlet. Each hole of the plurality of holes has a first diameter at the inlet and a second diameter at the outlet, and the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical suitable for use as a volatile precursor for vapor phase depositions of Mo or Cr containing materials, the chemical represented by one of the following formulae: Use of the chemical for vapor phase depositions is demonstrated.

Abstract: Metal complexes with nitrile ligands of the type MO2X2L2, where M is molybdenum or tungsten, X is a halogen, each L is independently an organonitrile ligand with the general formula NCR, where each R is independently a C2-C18 group. Metal complexes with dinitrile bidentate ligands of the type MO2X2L?, where L? is a dintrile ligand, and dinitrile bridging ligands of the type (MO2X2)2L?, where L? is a dinitrile bridging ligand connecting the two metal atoms. Methods of making and using the metal complexes are described.

Abstract: A method of forming a transition metal dichalcogenide layer on a substrate is provided. The method may include providing a transition metal oxide, a chalcogen source, a non-gaseous chalcogen scavenger, and a substrate, wherein the substrate is disposed downstream of the transition metal oxide and the chalcogen source, and wherein the non-gaseous chalcogen scavenger is disposed in proximity to the transition metal oxide; generating vapors of the transition metal oxide and vapors of the chalcogen source, wherein the non-gaseous chalcogen scavenger reacts preferentially with the vapors of the chalcogen source; disposing the vapors generated from the transition metal oxide and the chalcogen source on the substrate; and reacting the vapors of the transition metal oxide and the chalcogen source on the substrate to obtain the transition metal dichalcogenide layer on the substrate. An arrangement for forming a transition metal dichalcogenide layer on a substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus includes a processing chamber; a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate in the processing chamber; a gas supply configured to supply a processing gas and a purge gas into the processing chamber; and a controller configured to control operation of the gas supply. The gas supply includes a gas supply nozzle configured to supply the purge gas into the processing chamber. The gas supply nozzle includes a heating mechanism configured to heat the purge gas. The controller is configured to, in supplying the purge gas into the processing chamber, operate the heating mechanism to heat the purge gas to be discharged from the gas supply nozzle.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for performing an atomic layer deposition process to form a silicon doped oxide film on a surface of the substrate. The oxide film may be a hafnium-zirconium oxide film, or a zirconium oxide film. The atomic layer deposition process may include forming the oxide layers and a silicon layer using a hydrogen peroxide as at least one of the precursors used in formation of the oxide layers.

Abstract: Provided is a thin-film forming raw material, including an alkoxide compound represented by the following general formula (1): where R1 to R4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, M represents a rare earth metal atom, and “n” represents a valence of the rare earth metal atom.

Abstract: A method for coating a non-metallic surface (NMS) by a graphene layer by depositing a graphene molecular precursor comprising a compound having an aromatic hydrocarbon component that is derivatized by a tethering group. The tethering groups react with the NMS to form a covalent bond between the compound of the graphene molecular precursor and the non-metallic surface, and the graphene molecular precursor is transformed into a graphene interfacial layer which is covalently bound to the non-metallic surface. Alternatively, hydrophobic molecules are deposited on top of the non-metallic surface to which they covalently link, followed by self-assembly of molecular graphene precursor to the hydrophobic molecules and transformed into a graphene layer.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a processing container that accommodates a plurality of substrates in an inside thereof to perform a substrate processing on the plurality of substrates, a gas supply nozzle that supplies a gas to the inside of the processing container, and an external heater that heats the plurality of substrates from an outside of the processing container. The substrate processing apparatus further includes an internal heater that is provided independently of the gas supply nozzle in the inside of the processing container and extends at a lateral side of the plurality of substrates in a direction in which the plurality of substrates are arranged to heat the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: A reactor furnace for coating fiber tow includes an elongate reactor having a fiber tow inlet and a fiber tow outlet; a thermo-chemical reactor section positioned along the elongate reactor; a first microwave source for directing microwave energy along the reactor from a first end of the reactor toward a second end of the reactor; a second microwave source for directing microwave energy along the reactor from the second end of the reactor toward the first end of the reactor; a gas inlet upstream of the thermo-chemical reactor; and a gas outlet downstream of the thermo-chemical reactor.

Abstract: Process for pickling polyamide, comprising the steps a) contacting the polyamide with a pickling solution comprising a mixture of at least two inorganic acids MHF2, where M is an alkali ion or an ammonium ion a monocarboxylic acid with 1 to 5 carbon atoms b) contacting with an organic solvent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein steps a) and b) take place consecutively or simultaneously.