Abstract: A vehicle jack, such as a battery-operated vehicle jack is provided. The jack includes a base, a lift arm, a crank arm, an actuator coupled to the lift arm and an electric motor to actuate the actuator. The lift arm includes a first end that engages a load and a second end that is moveably coupled to the base. The crank arm includes a third end that is pivotally coupled to the base and a fourth end that is pivotally coupled to the lift arm between the first end and the second end. The electric motor actuates the actuator to move the second end of the lift arm relative to the third end of the crank arm to cause a vertical movement at the first end of the lift arm between a lowered position and a raised position.

Abstract: A self-driving vehicle for the automatic storage and retrieval of containers in a storage rack arrangement includes a frame with a lower side and with an upper side. The vehicle at the lower side includes a first wheel set for the drive along a first axis and a second wheel set for the drive along a second axis which runs transversely to the first axis. The vehicle at the upper side has a liftable and lowerable lifting table with a support surface for carrying a base surface of a container. For preventing the respective container from slipping away, the vehicle has a holding device with holding surfaces which are adjacent to the support surface at the edge and which at least partly and at least temporarily project away from the support surface.

Abstract: A travel restricting device is for restricting the traveling of a transport vehicle along a travel rail in a transport facility. The transport vehicle includes a wheel that rolls on a travel surface of the travel rail, a drive device that drives the wheel, and a bumper that causes the drive device to undergo an emergency stop. The travel restricting device includes a mounting section mountable on the travel surface, and a standing section that can be disposed extending upward beyond the travel surface. The standing section includes a facing section arranged at a position facing the bumper from a distancing side in the travel direction while the mounting section is mounted on the travel surface. The mounting section includes an underlay section positioned relative to the facing section so as to be pressed under the wheel while the bumper is in contact with the facing section.

Abstract: A materials handling vehicle is provided having: a power unit comprising at least one wheel; a mast assembly coupled to the power unit comprising at least one mast weldment; and a platform assembly. The platform assembly comprising: a floorboard upon which an operator may stand; a support wall connected to the floorboard and positioned adjacent to the mast assembly, the floorboard and the support wall defining an operator compartment of the platform assembly; at least one operator control assembly positioned to allow for operation by an operator located within the operator compartment; and a non-horizontal viewing window provided in the support wall.

Abstract: A conveyance system which improves the stability of a mounting base raised and lowered along a guide rail is achieved. A conveyance system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a mounting base with a groove guided along a guide rail extending in a vertical direction and a lifting mechanism configured to raise and lower the mounting base. When a direction of a movement of an item to be carried out from the mounting base is defined as a forward direction and a direction opposite to the forward direction is defined as a rearward direction, the conveyance system raises and lowers the mounting base while pressing a side surface on a rear side of the groove against the guide rail.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a telescopic forklift rotator system comprising: (a) a frame comprising a top plate; a bottom plate positioned opposite the top plate and connected to the top plate by a plurality of side plates; a gusset connecting the side plates, wherein the frame is configured to house each component of the telescopic forklift rotator system, and wherein each side wall comprises a hole configured to secure a tilt drive assembly to the frame; (b) the tilt drive assembly comprising a tilt output left arm connected to a tilt output right arm through a shaft, each of the tilt output left arm and tilt output right arm comprising a tilt connector; and (c) a rotatable mount extending from the top plate in a direction pointing away from the bottom plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mounting bar connection system including a receiver assembly containing (a) a receiver top plate comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of holes passing through the top plate; (b) a receiver bottom plate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of holes configured to line up with the holes of the top plate; (c) at least one through bolt configured to pass through at least one hole of the top plate and one hole of the bottom plate and to secure the top plate and the bottom plate to each other; and (d) two side plates extending away from the bottom surface of the receiver bottom plate in a parallel plane to each other, the two side plates having a plurality of holes that at least partially align with each other.

Abstract: A method for securing a stopper on a container using a closure cover with the aid of a securing station, in which, during the securing, carries out measurements of quantities, in particular movement quantities, about an axis in order to assess the securing operation, and the detected measured values are assessed in order to detect insufficiently secured containers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a treatment system for treating containers, in particular for treating kegs, each of which is preferably equipped with at least one keg fitting. The treatment system has at least one media supply for a product to be filled and/or for one or more treatment or cleaning media as well as at least one treatment station for receiving a container, in particular keg. The treatment station has at least one treatment head for cleaning the interior of and/or filling the container, in particular keg, and at least one supply interface via which the treatment station is connected to the media supply. According to the invention, at least one closure device for tightly closing the treatment head as well as at least one measuring and checking device for recording and checking process data are further provided in the treatment system for automatically checking installation and/or functioning of the treatment station.

Abstract: A rotary-machine type device for filling a filling medium, in particular a food, into a multiplicity of containers. The device includes a drive unit and a multiplicity of container receptacles, which are each designed for receiving a container and are rotatable about a vertical axis V by the drive unit. The drive unit has a stationary hollow shaft and, radially outside the stationary hollow shaft, a motor-driven rotor, wherein the rotor is mechanically coupled to the multiplicity of container receptacles. The drive unit has a plurality of flanges which are spaced apart in the vertical direction and protrude outwards from the drive unit in the radial direction. At least one flange is rotatable with the rotor.

Abstract: A rotary-machine type device for filling a filling medium, in particular a food, into a multiplicity of containers. The device includes a drive unit and a multiplicity of container receptacles, which are each designed for receiving a container and are rotatable about a vertical axis V by the drive unit 10. The device further includes at least one functional unit, which may be a container destacking unit, a container filling unit, a container covering unit, a container sealing unit, a container printing unit, a container inspection unit, or a container discharge unit. The at least one functional unit is mechanically coupled to the drive unit.

Abstract: A rotary-machine type device for filling a filling medium, in particular a food, into a multiplicity of containers. The device includes a drive unit, a multiplicity of container receptacles, which are each designed for receiving a container and are rotatable about a vertical axis V by the drive unit, and a lifting unit for vertically lifting a container out of a container receptacle. The lifting unit is releasably fastened to the drive unit and can be arranged in a multiplicity of angular positions around the drive unit.

Abstract: A tube holding apparatus includes a body, a mount, a first guide, and a second guide. The body has a proximal end portion and a distal end portion. The mount is positioned between the proximal end portion and the distal end portion of the body. The mount is configured to secure the body to a valve tower. The first guide is secured about the proximal end portion of the body. The second guide is secured about the distal end portion of the body. The first guide and the second guide each configured to receive a portion of a transfer link that extends between a valve tower and a storage container such that a positive slope container to the valve tower.

Abstract: A tube holding apparatus includes a body, a mount, a first guide, and a second guide. The body has a proximal end portion and a distal end portion. The mount is positioned between the proximal end portion and the distal end portion of the body. The mount is configured to secure the body to a valve tower. The first guide is secured about the proximal end portion of the body. The second guide is secured about the distal end portion of the body. The first guide and the second guide each configured to receive a portion of a transfer link that extends between a valve tower and a storage container such that a positive slope container to the valve tower.

Abstract: A fuel reservoir apparatus for facilitating filling an electric generator with fuel and retaining auxiliary fuel includes a container comprising a perimeter wall which bounds a chamber for retaining the auxiliary fuel. The container has an outlet to the chamber which is positioned at a bottom end thereof and an inlet to the chamber which is positioned at a top end thereof. A connector is coupled to the container and is configured to fluidly couple the chamber to a tank of an electric generator through the outlet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to automatic drink preparation. The apparatus can be communicatively coupled to ordering tablets and user interfaces for requesting cocktails. The apparatus can include a nozzle with a first pipe having a first diameter, a second pipe having a second diameter, and a third pipe having a third diameter. Each pipe can be fluidly coupled to a tube. Each tube can be fluidly coupled to a peristaltic pump that can pump fluids such as soda, alcohol, or syrup. The apparatus can include a first conveyor and a second conveyor to convey containers to the nozzle. The nozzle can move along a gantry to position above either of the conveyors, and the pumps can pump fluids through the tubes to the pipes in the nozzle for release into the containers.

Abstract: A material dispensing device includes: a target nozzle for dispensing a target material to a target container; a pump arranged to operably extract the target material from the material container and to operably push the target material to flow toward the target nozzle; a material drainage port; a flow direction switch device, coupled with the target nozzle and the material drainage port, and arranged to operably receive the target material; and a control circuit. When the material dispensing device needs to output the target material to the target container, if the control circuit determines that a temperature of the target material inside the material dispensing device reaches a predetermined temperature, the control circuit controls the flow direction switch device to guide the target material to flow toward the target nozzle, so as to dispense the target material into the target container through the target nozzle.

Abstract: A material dispensing device includes: a target nozzle for dispensing a target material to a target container; a pump arranged to operably extract the target material from the material container and to operably push the target material to flow toward the target nozzle; a material drainage port; a flow direction switch device, coupled with the target nozzle and the material drainage port, and arranged to operably receive the target material; and a control circuit. When the material dispensing device needs to output the target material to the target container, if the control circuit determines that a quality of the target material inside the material dispensing device is acceptable, the control circuit controls the flow direction switch device to guide the target material to flow toward the target nozzle, so as to dispense the target material into the target container through the target nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intermediate piece (24) for connecting a liquid container (18) to a beverage dispensing outlet (10), including: a lower portion (36) for coupling to a connecting piece (28) of the liquid container; and an upper portion (34) for coupling to a valve piece (26), wherein the intermediate piece (24) is designed as a rigid component without movable parts. The invention further relates to a valve piece (26) for connecting a liquid container (18) to a beverage dispensing outlet (10), a closure system (22), and a liquid container (18).

Abstract: A network-controlled dispensing device is provided. The dispensing device may include a display, a scannable device identifier (e.g., QR code, RFID tag, etc.) that uniquely identifies the dispensing device to a scanning device, and a network device to establish communications with a server based, at least in part, on the scannable device identifier. The dispenser includes a controller to control dispensing of a product based on one or more product selections received from the server. The controller generates a dispense code in response to receiving one or more product selections from the server and presents the dispense code on the display. If the code received from the server matches the dispense code, the controller dispenses a product based on the one or more product selections received from the server.

Abstract: A dispensing system (10) and related methods are provided in which a cup (22) is partially filled with a beverage at a first dispensing point (14a), and the cup is topped-off at a second dispensing point (14b).

Abstract: Disclosed is a water dispenser including a container with an outlet channel at the bottom thereof and a manually operated valve arrangement with a valve member resiliently pre-stressed towards a closing state.

Abstract: A feeding device for an intelligent cooking machine, including a base frame, at least one ingredient box, at least one door panel, at least one door opening mechanism, at least one door opening motor, at least one door closing mechanism, and at least one door closing motor. The at least one ingredient box matches with the at least one door panel in number; at least one door panel is disposed on the base frame; the at least one door opening mechanism and the at least one door opening motor are configured to control an opening of the at least one door panel; the at least one door closing mechanism and the at least one door closing motor are configured to control a reset and closure of the at least one door panel; the at least one door opening mechanism is disposed on the base frame.

Abstract: This vehicle seat assembly device includes: a base section; a cushion working section that is connected to one side of the base section and that can place a seat cushion in which a plurality of first through holes are formed; and a cover working section that is connected to the other side of the base section, that places a seat cover, and that can transfer the seat cover to the upper part of the seat cushion. The cushion working section fixes a clip, which is connected to a suspender of the seat cover, to a wire positioned at the lower part of the seat cushion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a connection line structure and a forming method thereof. The connection line structure includes a passivation layer, a metal layer, and a protective layer, the metal layer is arranged on the passivation layer, and the protective layer is arranged on the metal layer. In the present application, a simple single-layer wiring design may be utilized, and a multi-layer three-dimensional wiring design may also be utilized to implement high speed transmission, a MEMS process allows for design of a connection line in a straight or bent layout, a connection line of a bent layout is flexible, and better compatibility is achieved.

Abstract: Introduced here is an electromechanical actuator that includes a stator assembly with a chamber partially defined therethrough along a central longitudinal axis and a plunger assembly that is situated in the chamber and, in operation, moves along the central longitudinal axis between different positions. The stator assembly can include a pair of contacts that have an opening therebetween and a trinity of ferromagnetic layers with coils situated therebetween. The plunger assembly can include a magnet. When current is applied to the coils, the trinity of ferromagnetic layers become magnetically polarized, thereby dictating the motion of the plunger assembly by magnetically attracting or repelling the magnet included in the plunger assembly. The plunger assembly may be stabilized by a flexure flexibly connecting the stator assembly and plunger assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochemical cell and a production system for selectively reducing, using electrical energy, CO2 to carbon monoxide or formic acid, a catalyst for use in the method, and an electrochemical reduction system.

Abstract: A cooling system is described. The cooling system includes a bottom plate, a support structure, and a cooling element. The bottom plate has orifices therein. The cooling element has a central axis and is supported by the support structure at the central axis. A first portion of the cooling element is on a first side of the central axis and a second portion of the cooling element is on a second side of the central axis opposite to the first side. The first and second portions of the cooling element are unpinned. The first portion and the second portion are configured to undergo vibrational motion when actuated to drive a fluid through the orifices. The support structure couples the cooling element to the bottom plate. The support structure is coupled with at least one of the cooling element or the bottom plate by diffusion bond(s).

Abstract: A CMOS-MEMS integrated device and a method for forming such a device are disclosed. The integrated device includes a double released MEMS infrared sensor. The double released MEMS sensor is a free-standing sensor over a lower sensor cavity which is etched into the substrate of the device. The free-spending MEMS sensor is devoid of a support dielectric membrane which supports the MEMS sensor, resulting in the MEMS sensor being suspended over the lower sensor cavity. The support dielectric is removed by a second release process. The second release process may also remove a protective dielectric layer over the MEMS sensor. The MEMS sensor without the protective dielectric layer enhances sensor sensitivity. In other cases, the free-standing MEMS sensor may include an absorber thereover. The absorber enhances sensor sensitivity.

Abstract: An actuator layer of a MEMS sensor is be fabricated to include multi-level features, such as additional sense electrodes, vertical bump stops, or weighted proof masses. A sacrificial layer is deposited on the actuator layer such that locations are provided for the multi-level features to extend vertically from the actuator layer. After the multi-layer features are fabricated on the actuator layer the sacrificial layer is removed. Additional processing such as patterning of the actuator layer may be performed to provide desired functionality and electrical signals to portions of the actuator layer, including to the multi-level features.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) device includes forming a buffer protection layer on a semiconductor structure, wherein the semiconductor structure includes a wafer, a MEMS membrane, and an isolation layer between the wafer and the MEMS membrane, and the buffer protection layer is located in a slit of the MEMS membrane and on a surface of the MEMS membrane facing away from the isolation layer; etching the wafer to form a cavity such that a portion of the isolation layer is exposed though the cavity; etching the portion of the isolation layer; and removing the buffer protection layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a system for the production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide starting from a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide, which is reacted with water and a halogen reactant. The process in particular comprises the steps of: a) reacting in a first reaction zone a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide (CO) with water (H2O) and bromine (Br2) under reaction conditions effective to produce a gaseous CO2-containing effluent stream and an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide (HBr); and, b) supplying said aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide (HBr) to a second reaction zone and decomposing said hydrogen bromide (HBr) under conditions effective to produce a gaseous H2-rich stream and a stream comprising bromine (Br2), wherein said hydrogen bromide is decomposed in step b) by means of electrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen, in which hydrogen is generated from a formate using a metal catalyst in the presence of a solvent by a two-phase system reaction in which the solvent is present in a state where an organic phase and an aqueous phase are separated.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen from an aliphatic hydrocarbon feed, uses a plasma reactor that thermodynamically breaks down the hydrocarbon into its constituent hydrogen and carbon building blocks while using the heat of the reaction product to preheat the feed high enough temperature for plasma reactor. The plasma can be energized with electrical power derived from solar, wind or hydro sources. A heat interchanger transfers the thermal energy of the reaction products to preheat the hydrocarbon feed stream thereby significantly decreasing energy needs of the process. A dual PSA system provides high hydrogen recovery at high purity. The reaction products essentially consist of hydrogen and carbon black.

Abstract: A method and associated system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastics. The method and system provide for: pretreating waste plastics; producing pyrolysis gas by introducing the waste plastics pretreated in the pretreatment process into a pyrolysis reactor; producing in a lightening process pyrolysis oil by introducing the pyrolysis gas into a hot filter; and gasifying the pyrolysis oil, wherein a liquid condensed in the hot filter is re-introduced into the pyrolysis reactor. The system produces syngas containing hydrogen from the waste plastics.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastic pyrolysis oil. The method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastic pyrolysis oil according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may minimize formation of an ammonium salt (NH4Cl) and may prevent an adhesion phenomenon of impurity particles in a reactor in a refining process of waste plastic pyrolysis oil containing impurities including chlorine and nitrogen. The method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen according to the present disclosure may have excellent refining efficiency and may implement a long-term operation of a process because a catalyst used in the process is prevented from being deactivated, and may produce lightened and refined hydrocarbons having a low content of impurities and a low content of olefins from waste plastic pyrolysis oil and may thus produce syngas containing hydrogen.

Abstract: A method and associated system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastics. The method and system provide for pretreating waste plastics; producing a pyrolysis gas by introducing the waste plastics pretreated in the pretreatment process into a pyrolysis reactor; producing from a lightening reaction a pyrolysis oil by introducing the pyrolysis gas into a hot filter; dehydrating a first mixed solution, obtained by mixing the produced pyrolysis oil with washing water and a demulsifier, by applying a voltage to the first mixed solution; hydrotreating a second mixed solution obtained by mixing the dehydrated first mixed solution with a sulfur source to produce a refined pyrolysis oil from which impurities are removed; and gasifying the refined pyrolysis oil, wherein a liquid condensed in the hot filter is re-introduced into the pyrolysis reactor.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastics. The method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastics according to the embodiments may minimize formation of an ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) and may prevent an adhesion phenomenon of impurity particles in a reactor in a refining process of waste plastic pyrolysis oil containing impurities including chlorine and nitrogen. In addition, the method and system for producing syngas containing hydrogen from waste plastics according to the embodiments may prevent deactivation of a catalyst used in a process, such that the refining efficiency may be excellent, and the process may be operated for a long period of time.

Abstract: A hydrogen production system includes a desulfurization unit configured to remove a sulfur component from hydrocarbon gas. The system has a pre-reforming unit configured to convert hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH4) by reacting the hydrocarbon gas with water (H2O) vapor. The system has a mixed reforming unit configured to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) by performing a mixed reforming reaction between the reaction product of the pre-reforming unit and carbon dioxide (CO2). The system has a separation unit for separating hydrogen (H2) and CO from the reaction product of the mixed reforming unit. The system has a first heat exchange unit configured to generate water vapor supplied to the pre-reforming unit using the heat of the reaction product of the mixed reforming unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods useful for providing one or more chemical compounds in a substantially pure form. In particular, the systems and methods can be configured for separation of carbon dioxide from a process stream, such as a process stream in a hydrogen production system. As such, the present disclosure can provide systems and method for production of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: There is described a reforming unit for hydrogen production and a power generation device incorporating at least the reforming unit for generating electricity. The reforming unit generally has a catalytic burner defining a burner cavity; a reaction assembly within the burner cavity and in thermal communication therewith, the reaction assembly including; a reactor conduit extending annularly around an axis and axially between an input port and an output port, the input port being fluidly coupled to a wet fuel source supplying wet fuel, the reactor conduit having distributed therein a plurality of catalyst elements; and a syngas conduit extending along the axis, within the reactor conduit and in thermal communication therewith, the syngas conduit having an input port fluidly coupled to the output port of the reactor conduit, and an output port; the catalytic burner having a plurality of heating devices surrounding the burner cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a porous membrane and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a thermally stable porous membrane capable of securing thermal stability and long-term stability of gas separation performance at high temperatures, and a manufacturing method thereof. This invention is related to a porous membrane comprising: a first Zeolitic Imidazolate Fragments (ZIFs) part formed on a surface of a porous support; and a second ZIFs part embedded in the porous support, wherein the second ZIFs part is formed in a state in which it penetrates from an interface between the first ZIFs part and the second ZIFs part to a predetermined depth.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a sulfur stream includes supplying at least one sulfur stream into a furnace; supplying oxygen-enriched combustion air into the furnace; separately supplying pure oxygen into the furnace; and at least partially oxidizing the at least one sulfur stream in the furnace. A related apparatus is also provided and includes a furnace; an inlet for supplying at least one sulfur stream into the furnace; an inlet for supplying a stream of an oxygen-enriched combustion air into the furnace; and an inlet for supplying a pure oxygen stream into the furnace separately from the supplying of the oxygen-enriched combustion air.

Abstract: A RedOx furnace and process is provided for regenerating a spent sulfuric acid stream or other sulfur-containing stream by decomposing the spent sulfuric acid stream and/or other sulfur-containing stream to recover sulfur dioxide from the streams. The RedOx furnace includes a reduction chamber having an interior atmosphere, an oxidation chamber having an interior atmosphere positioned downstream from, and in fluid communication with, the reduction chamber, an inlet for supplying a spent sulfuric acid stream or other sulfur-containing stream into the interior atmosphere of the reduction chamber, and an inlet for supplying a pure oxygen stream into the interior atmosphere of the reduction chamber.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide to increase sulfuric acid regeneration from a spent sulfuric acid stream or other sulfur-containing stream includes replacing at least a portion of the atmospheric air typically used to oxidize sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide with oxygen by introducing oxygen-enriched air and/or pure oxygen feed streams into the process. A related apparatus for use in the process is also provided for catalytic conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), including the steps of: (a) depositing a metal catalyst in the form of single atom or atomic cluster on a catalyst support to prepare a single-atom catalyst or an atomic cluster catalyst; and (b) growing carbon nanotubes on the single-atom catalyst or the atomic cluster catalyst to prepare single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). According to the method, it is possible to uniformly mass-produce single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having excellent heat conductivity, electroconductivity, mechanical strength, dispersibility, or the like.

Abstract: A method for forming a pellicle for an extreme ultraviolet lithography is provided. The method includes forming a pellicle membrane over a filter membrane and transfer the pellicle membrane from the filter membrane to a membrane border. Forming the pellicle membrane includes growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from in-situ formed metal catalyst particles in a first reaction zone of a reactor, each of the CNTs including a metal catalyst particle at a growing tip thereof, promoting formation of bundles of nanotubes from the individual CNTs in a second zone of the reactor downstream of the first reaction zone. The bundled CNTs are then collected on the filter membrane.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing high quality graphene for producing graphene particles and flakes is presented. The engineered qualities of the graphene include size, aspect ratio, edge definition, surface functionalization and controlling the number of layers. Fewer defects are found in the end graphene product in comparison to previous methods. The inventive method of producing graphene is less aggressive, lower cost and more environmentally friendly than previous methods. This method is applicable to both laboratory scale and high volume manufacturing for producing high quality graphene flakes.

Abstract: A polyalkylene oxide having at least one aromatic radical is a dispersant for a graphene material. A process for dispersing graphene material is developed where the abovementioned polyalkylene oxides are employed as the dispersant. Compositions including the abovementioned dispersant and graphene material are produced.

Abstract: A method of producing crystalline graphite, the method comprising: (a) providing a graphene/plastic mixture of multiple plastic particles (chips, granules, pellets, etc.) and a first amount of multiple sheets of a first graphene material, wherein the first graphene-to-plastic weight ratio is from 0 to 1.0; (b) heat-treating the mixture at a first temperature (250° C. to 1,500° C.) for a first period of time to carbonize the mixture into a graphene/carbon mixture; (c) optionally adding a second amount of multiple sheets of a second graphene material into the graphene/carbon mixture, wherein the second graphene-to-plastic weight ratio, based on the original non-carbonized plastic weight, is from 0 to 1.0 and the total graphene-to-plastic weight ratio is no less than 0.001; and (d) heat-treating the graphene/carbon mixture at a second temperature for a second period of time to produce a crystalline graphite, wherein the second temperature is selected from 900° C. to 3,500° C.