Abstract: A process cartridge including a photosensitive drum; a developing roller; a rotatable roller having a rotation shaft in a position deviated from an axis of the developing roller; an Oldham coupling member at an end portion of the shaft of the rotatable roller; an urging member for urging the drive receiving portion; a supporting portion supporting the drive receiving portion; an abutting portion receiving the supporting portion urged by the urging member, an elastic sheet positioned to contact at least part of the Oldham coupling member, wherein the abutting portion is positioned outside an outer periphery of the drum on a plane perpendicular to the shaft of the rotatable roller.

Abstract: Rolling station intended to couple with a respective rolling cartridge or stand provided with two rolling cylinders, wherein the rolling station has a supporting frame of the transmissions suitable for housing a pair of transmission devices of which a first transmission device is intended to couple with a first rolling cylinder and a second transmission device is intended to couple with a second rolling cylinder, the first rolling cylinder being put in rotation by a first motor via the first transmission device and the second rolling cylinder being put in rotation by a second motor via the second transmission device.

Abstract: A process cartridge including a photosensitive drum; a developing roller; a rotatable roller having a rotation shaft in a position deviated from an axis of the developing roller; an Oldham coupling member at an end portion of the shaft of the rotatable roller; an urging member for urging the drive receiving portion; a supporting portion supporting the drive receiving portion; an abutting portion receiving the supporting portion urged by the urging member, an elastic sheet positioned to contact at least part of the Oldham coupling member, wherein the abutting portion is positioned outside an outer periphery of the drum on a plane perpendicular to the shaft of the rotatable roller.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus including an image holding member that has an outer circumferential surface in which a radius length from a center in the image holding member varies to be the longest N times and the shortest N times during one rotation of the image holding member wherein N is an integer of 2 or more, and that holds a latent image while being rotated, a developing member that develops the latent image of the image holding member with a developer, a rotation unit that rotates the developing member by a number of an integer multiple of the N during the one rotation of the image holding member, and an output unit that outputs a developer image of the image holding member to a recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion configured to form a developer image on a recording material, a fixing portion configured to heat-fix the developer image to the recording material, a first motor configured to drive the image forming portion, a second motor configured to drive the fixing portion, and a control portion configured to control the first motor and the second motor. The second motor is a stepping motor. The control portion allows the second motor to start rotation at a speed in a self-start region, temporarily stops the second motor at a timing at which the first motor is activated, then allows the second motor to restart rotation at a speed in the self-start region, and changes the speed of the second motor to a speed outside of the self-start region before the recording material arrives at the fixing portion.

Abstract: A torque arm structure includes a first member which is fixed to the reduction gear or a member integrated with the reduction gear, and a second member which is fixed to an outer member to oppose the first member, and an elastic member configured to transmit a load by which the reduction gear is rotated around the output shaft from the first member to the second member. The elastic member is to be fitted into a gap between the first member and the second member and is detachably disposed in the gap.

Abstract: A mineral material crusher and method of operating a mineral material crusher that includes: a body, a rotating crusher element, a drive shaft arrangement that supports the rotating crusher element to the body and to rotate the rotating crusher element, and a motor including a rotor for driving the drive shaft arrangement. The motor is formed inside the rotating crusher element and the drive shaft arrangement is configured to form of the rotor a rotating axle that is rigidly coupled with the rotating crusher element and capable of leading torque from the rotor to the rotating crusher element for rotating the crusher element around the drive shaft.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for enzymatic polymerization to produce polyester resins suitable for use in manufacturing toners. In embodiments, crystalline copolymers, which are polyesters, may be synthesized from lactones, cyclic anhydrides, cyclic carbonates, and combinations thereof. These crystalline copolymers, in turn, may be utilized in the synthesis of toner particles.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a roll for devices for the treatment of ribbon-shaped paper material includes a central shaft, on which a coaxial tubular jacket is fitted, among which two oscillating and non-rotating connection organs are positioned, the central shaft of the roll having, at opposite ends, oscillating bearings housed in a supporting structure, wherein the central shaft and jacket are both rotating and are also made torsionally integral by means of at least one flexible organ capable of transmitting a torque. In another embodiment, a device for the treatment of ribbon-like paper material includes with a pair of rolls opposed as specified above, wherein a first roll has a tubular steel jacket and a second roll has a tubular rubber jacket.

Abstract: A stationery machine is used to cut various patterns on a paper and contains a housing for covering a machine body; the machine body including a frame with a first side plate and a second side plate, the first side plate and the second side plate having a first elongated slot and a second elongated slot on two lower sides thereof; a first pressing roller having a first rotary shaft driven by a crank set and at least two transmission gears in different sizes; a second pressing roller having a second rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft of the second pressing roller having a driven gear; an abutting mechanism biasing the second pressing roller to move upwardly and downwardly so as to adjust a distance between the second pressing roller and the first pressing roller, and the driven gear meshing with the at least two transmission gears.

Abstract: A leveling machine for rolled-up tablets has a base, a mounting frame and a wheel-leveling device. The base has two sideboards faced each other and each sideboard has a spindle hole. The mounting frame is rotatably mounted in the base between the sideboards and has a spindle, an adjusting motor, two mounting boards and a bottom cylinder. The spindle is rotatably mounted in the spindle holes of the sideboards. The adjusting motor is mounted securely on the corresponding sideboard to drive the spindle. The mounting boards are respectively, obliquely and securely mounted around the spindle near the sideboards. The bottom cylinder is rotatably mounted around the spindle between the mounting boards. The wheel-leveling device is connected to the mounting frame and has two top cylinder mounts, a cylinder, a top cylinder, two pushing mounts and two telescopic drivers.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a roll for devices for the treatment of ribbon-shaped paper material includes a central shaft, on which a coaxial tubular jacket is fitted, among which two oscillating and non-rotating connection organs are positioned, the central shaft of the roll having, at opposite ends, oscillating bearings housed in a supporting structure, wherein the central shaft and jacket are both rotating and are also made torsionally integral by means of at least one flexible organ capable of transmitting a torque. In another embodiment, a device for the treatment of ribbon-like paper material includes with a pair of rolls opposed as specified above, wherein a first roll has a tubular steel jacket and a second roll has a tubular rubber jacket.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A device drives a preheating roll assembly comprising several rolls, during a heating or preheating stage. A motor assembly includes at least one individual drive and preferably two individual drives, which are used to drive at least the exit roll and preferably the entry roll and the exit roll. The motor assembly also includes one or more asynchronous motors, each asynchronous motor controlling the surface speed and the torque of one of the intermediate rolls. A common frequency converter operates one or more asynchronous motors, in particular all asynchronous motors.

Abstract: This invention reveals a crank roller paper cutting device, which comprises a base, a supporter, a handle part, a master roller, a slave roller, and a group of speed-reducing gears. Via the group of speed-reducing gears, handle part correlates to the master roller and slave roller at one terminal, both of the master roller and slave roller are captured by the open bores therewith on the supporter. While the other ends of master roller and slave roller are suspended in the air, where a removable positioning block is attached. Upon the above said positioning block, there are two open bores or blink holes in correspondence to the master roller and slave roller respectively. Around the master roller and slave roller are many removable regulating cylinders or one regulating cylinder in different thickness. This crank roller paper cutting device is reasonable in design, easy to use and safe in operation for a wide range of applications, particularly valuable for kindergarten enlightenment education.

Abstract: A method for controlling a calendering system having a first roll having a first roll speed controller and a second roll having a second roll speed controller is disclosed. An exemplary method comprises the steps of: (a) setting the first roll at a desired process speed with the first roll speed controller; (b) determining a target torque of the first roll; (c) contactingly engaging the first and second rolls; (d) determining an actual torque of the first roll; (e) comparing the target torque and the actual torque; and, (f) adjusting a speed of the second roll with the second roll speed controller to maintain the target torque of the first roll according to the comparison of the target torque and the actual torque.

Abstract: Methods and systems to drive rotary presses are described. In one described example, a rotary press system includes a first rotary press and a second rotary press adjacent to the first rotary press. The first and the second rotary presses are to receive a strip of material. A drive member is operatively coupled to the first and the second rotary presses and a motor coupled to the drive member rotates the drive member to cause the first and second rotary presses to process the strip material.

Abstract: A roll pressing machine includes a support, a stationary roller unit disposed on the support and having a stationary roller, a self-modulating roller unit, a swingable body, and a biasing unit. The self-modulating roller is disposed movably on the support and has a moving roller adapted for pressing a blank against the stationary roller. The moving roller is movable toward or away from the stationary roller to vary a gap between the stationary and moving rollers. The swingable body is coupled to the moving roller. The biasing unit includes a pusher member pushing resiliently the swingable body so that the moving roller moves toward the stationary roller.

Abstract: An apparatus serves for pressing sheet-like printed products, in particular for pressing folded printed products. The apparatus has a first pair of pressing rollers, with a first, lower pressing roller and a second, upper pressing roller. A further pair of pressing rollers arranged downstream has a third, lower pressing roller and a fourth, upper pressing roller. A drive for driving the pressing rollers is also provided. It is proposed that one pressing roller of each pair of pressing rollers can be moved away from, and toward, the other pressing roller via a mechanism.

Abstract: A wringing device is used to expel fluids from a flexible container contained within an intermediate bulk container (IBC). The wringing device includes a support frame and a carriage movably coupled to the support frame for supporting components thereof. The wringing device includes a nip shaft coupled to the carriage, and a movable nip shaft movably coupled to the carriage proximate to the nip shaft. The movable nip shaft may be biased toward the nip shaft with a biasing device. The wringing device may include one or more drive devices for driving a take-up shaft and the carriage. The wringing device may also include a transport vehicle for transporting the wringing device between different intermediate bulk containers.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A compacting press for powdery to granular bulk materials, comprising two counterrotating rollers (1,2), arranged in one plane, which rollers (1,2) are held in a roller housing (11). At least one of the two rollers (1,2), preferably the top roller (1), is a loose roller which is flexibly supported by force generators (16,17). Each roller (1,2) at each of its two sides (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) comprises its own electric motor drives (18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b). The loose roller (1) bears these drives (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b). For easy installation and deinstallation, the roller housing (11) with a vertical design comprises two separate parts (11a, 11b), namely a bottom part (11b) comprising one roller (2) and a top part (11a) with the loose roller (1), wherein said top part (11a) is held by a swivel bearing (13) to the bottom part (11b) and is lockable. In this arrangement, the top part (11a) can be swiveled open by way of the swivel bearing (13).

Abstract: A calender comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized allowing slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A slip-sheet compactor for an imaging device with automatic media handling capabilities provides a two-stage compaction for a slipsheet removed from a media sheet to be imaged. A pair of rollers advances the slipsheet into a pre-compression chamber effecting a first compression or folding operation. In a second compression, a plunger sweeps the pre-compression chamber, which is narrowed towards an exit aperture thus effecting a second compression on the slipsheet material.

Abstract: A method for controlling a calendering system having a first roll and a second roll is disclosed. The first roll has a first roll torque controller and a first roll speed controller. An exemplary method comprises the steps of: (a) setting said first roll at a desired process speed with said first roll speed controller; (b) determining a target torque of said first roll; (c) contactingly engaging said first and second rolls; (d) measuring an actual torque of said first roll; (e) comparing said target torque and said actual torque; and, (f) adjusting a speed of said first roll with said first roll torque controller to maintain said target torque of said first roll according to said comparison of said target torque and said actual torque.

Abstract: An apparatus for crushing objects includes an inlet for serially feeding objects to the apparatus and a driver roller that is rotatably driven about a first axis by a power input mechanism, wherein the driver roller has a first notch. The apparatus further includes an idler roller rotatably coupled to the driver roller so as to be rotatably driven about a second axis that is substantially parallel to the first axis. The idler roller has a second notch wherein the first and second notches coordinate to at least partially receive the object therein throughout a portion of respective revolutions of the driver roller and the idler roller. The apparatus may further include a crushed object outlet.

Abstract: Roll arrangement that includes a deflection controlled roll and a counter roll. The counter roll and the deflection controlled roll are arranged to form at least one nip. The deflection controlled roll includes a rotating roll jacket, a carrier axially passing through the roll jacket, and support elements arranged between the roll jacket and the carrier. A plurality of the support elements, located at a nip side of the deflection controlled roll, are structured and controllable so that at least some of the plurality of support elements assume a position retracted from the roll jacket during a start-up operation of the deflection controlled roll. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A vertical calender arrangement comprises a controllable-deflection top roll, a controllable-deflection bottom roll and intermediate rolls arranged between top and bottom rolls. The top roll and the bottom roll are each provided with a power drive.

Abstract: A vibration-minimizing suspension mechanism for a press roll is provided. The press roll and an opposing roll each having a rotational axis and cooperate to form a press nip for imparting a linear load on a web passing therethrough. The linear load is oriented through the rotational axes of the press and opposing rolls. The suspension mechanism comprises a suspension arm having opposed ends and a medially-disposed pivot, wherein the rotational axis of the press roll is rotatably engaged with one of the opposed ends. The suspension arm is pivotably and adjustably mounted at the pivot to allow the pivot to be adjusted in substantially parallel relation to the linear load. The adjustable pivot thereby allowing a mounting line, defined by the pivot and the rotational axis of the press roll, to be maintained in substantially perpendicular orientation to the linear load to thereby minimize vibration in the press roll.

Abstract: Extended-nip roll press for dewatering a material web comprises a rotating mating roll and an extended-nip press roll. The extended-nip press roll has a stationary support and a flexible roll cover which rotates about the support. A press shoe is arranged on the support, and the roll cover has end sections which are clamped firmly on rotatable end walls on the support. End wall clamping rings respond to a first actuating device and clamp a resilient spreader ring radially against an outer ring that can be connected firmly to the end walls. A sealing ring is arranged on each end wall adjacent the clamping ring and can be deformed radially against the outer ring by means of a second actuating device.

Abstract: A drive assembly for a dual coacting roller machine having a driven sprocket mounted onto a first roller shaft, a drive sprocket mounted onto a second roller shaft, and a pair of idler sprockets connected by a belt to the driven sprocket and drive sprocket, wherein one of the idler sprockets is mounted onto a mounting bracket connected to the driven sprocket, such that repositioning of the driven sprocket relative to the drive sprocket produces a corresponding repositioning of the mounting bracket and idler sprocket, such that the tension on the belt remains essentially the same.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by the flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that the flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of the jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to the support beam, and in that at least one of the end walls is driven by a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A vertical calender arrangement comprises a controllable-deflection top roll, a controllable-deflection bottom roll and intermediate rolls arranged between top and bottom rolls. The top roll and the bottom roll are each provided with a power drive.

Abstract: The electric aluminum can crusher is an appliance for crushing aluminum beverage cans suitable for use in households and commercial establishments. The crusher has an electric motor rotating a first crusher wheel and a second crusher wheel mounted on a spring biased support arm via a chain drive. Aluminum cans are inserted into a feeder chute having a discharge opening adjacent the junction of the crusher wheels. The feeder chute has a sensor, preferably an electric eye disposed on an interior wall of the chute, which detects the passage of a can through the chute and turns the electric motor on for a timed interval. As a can exits the feeder chute it is crushed between the crusher wheels and is discharged from the crusher. A pair of guides retain the can between the crusher wheels. The support arm may be retracted to clear any jam between the roller wheels.

Abstract: A press section in a machine for manufacturing a web of fibrous material, comprising a shoe press with extended press nip, the shoe press having a counter roll with a cylindrical press body; a press shoe with a concave surface for cooperation with the press body; an impermeable belt running through the press nip in sliding contact with the press shoe; a clothing running in a loop around guide rolls and through the press nip in contact with the web, and being capable of receiving and carrying liquid along with it; a movable heat transfer means for continuous transfer of heat to the web in the extended press nip; and a heat source for heating the heat transfer means. According to the invention the counter roll comprises a sleeve that forms the heat transfer means and encloses the press body. The invention also relates to a shoe press, a press section with a roll press, and treatment sections with roll and shoe calendars with sleeves of the type described.

Abstract: A meat preparing machine having two vertically stacked columns of two or more non-sharpened edge stainless steel rollers, or of various other materials such as plastic or aluminum, adjacent to one another in an aluminum or stainless steel frame. The stacked rollers are configured to tenderize, flatten, scrape or cut the meat into strips. Four threaded shafts with numbers connect each corner of the stacked rollers to an adjacent corner of the other stacked rollers to allow for the adjustment of the spacing between the stacked rollers. A first conveyor belt with scraper at the end to discharge meat into the first and second columns is mounted adjacent the top of the rollers for feeding the meat into the rollers. A second conveyor belt with scrapers to discharge meat is mounted adjacent the bottom of the rollers for retrieving the prepared meat from the machine.

Abstract: A calender roll system and method for operating the same. The calender roll system includes a roll stack having at least one center roll positioned between two end rolls, in which each of the at least one center roll and the two end rolls have a drive mechanism, and in which the rolls can be loaded in a stacking direction. The method includes loading the rolls to form at least one working nip with at least one center roll, and, in the at least one working gap, bending the at least one center roll out of the plane of the roll stack. Reaction forces required to bend the at least one center roll are generated by corresponding adjustment of drive moments of the at least one center roll.

Abstract: Calender for a web, process of forming the calender, and process of treating a web in the calender. The calender includes rolls having rotational axes and a roll stack composed of the rolls. The rolls of the roll stack are arranged such that the rotational axes are positionable in a horizontal plane. The calender also includes levers. The rolls include end rolls and middle rolls, the middle rolls being coupled to the levers. The calender also includes force devices positioned to exert a force on the levers. The process of forming includes arranging the rotational axes of the rolls in a horizontal plane, coupling levers to the middle rolls arranged between the end rolls of the roll stack, and coupling force devices to the levers. The process of treating the web includes guiding the web through the roll stack, pressing an end roll of the roll stack in a horizontal direction toward the other end roll of the roll stack, and adjusting a line load between adjacent rolls of the roll stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by means of said flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that said flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of said jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to said support beam, and in that at least one of said end walls is driven by means of a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: A roll machine is provided. A plurality of rolls are disposed in a stack to define a plurality of nips therebetween adapted to treat a material web. At least two of the plurality of rolls are driven rolls. A drive control commonly controls the driven rolls. The drive control varies a driving torque distribution of the driven rolls over time. A method for operating the above roll machine is also provided, where the method includes changing a driving torque distribution of said driven rolls.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip wherein said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by means of said flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that said flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of said jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to said support beam, and in that at least one of said end walls is driven by means of a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip characterised in that said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use is disclosed for a machine used for perforating and flattening or crushing containers of varying sizes and materials. The disclosed machine has a frame having an input opening and a discharge opening. A first plurality of shafts and second plurality of shafts are rotatably supported by the firame. The first plurality of shafts are disposed in a first plane and the second plurality of shafts are disposed in a second plane. The second plane is acutely angled with respect to the first plane. One or more motors rotate the first and second plurality of shafts, each shaft having perforating elements positioned along them. The perforating elements are offset between adjacent performing shafts such that adjacent perforating elements overlap but do not touch the adjacent shaft. The perforating elements have a plurality of spikes capable of perforating the container being perforated and crushed. In use, containers are introduced into the frame through the input opening.

Abstract: A machine is provided for producing a continuous material web. In particular, a paper web or a cardboard web can be produced by the machine. The machine has a number of rolls, around which the material web is guided by the use of at least one belt. The belt has at least two zones. The zones have different properties with at least one of the zones being designed to transmit a drive force to the rolls of the machine.

Abstract: The calender disclosed comprises a vertical stack of linked rolls, which are driven individually by controlled electric motors. The control acts on the distribution of the supplied power to the individual rolls in such a way that the forces which act on the rolls in the horizontal direction, and are measured in the roll bearings, are minimized. This allows the use of slimmer rolls.

Abstract: Press device to treat a fibrous pulp web that may include a shoe press roll and a mating roll. The shoe press roll and the mating roll may be positioned to form a press nip, and at least one endless belt guided through the press nip and forming a substantially non-flexible and rigid drive element at least partially driving the press device.

Abstract: A method for calendering a web such as a paper web in a multi-nip calender or supercalender, in which the web is passed through calendering nips formed by rolls placed in two or more stacks of rolls. The web is passed alternatingly from the corresponding calendering nip in each stack of rolls into the calendering nip in the following stack of rolls. In other words, the web is passed from a first calendering nip in a first stack of rolls to a first calendering nip in a second stacks of rolls, after the first calendering nip in the second stack of rolls to a second calendering nip in the second stack of rolls, from the second calendering nip in the second stack of rolls to a second calendering nip in the first stack of rolls, and after the second calendering nip in the first stack of rolls to further processing.