Abstract: A recording device includes a recording head configured to perform recording on a T-shirt, a tray including a placing surface for placement of the T-shirt, the tray being configured to move in a front-rear direction including a position facing the recording head, an illumination mechanism configured to emit light in an illumination pattern toward the placing surface from a lower side of the placing surface, an operation panel configured to receive illumination instruction information specifying the illumination pattern, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to change the illumination pattern of the illumination mechanism, based on the illumination instruction information received by the operation panel.

Abstract: A printer includes a holder configured to house rolled recording paper, a cover that is attached to the holder to be openable and closable relative to the holder, and a contact part that is attached to the cover and configured to contact the recording paper. The contact part is configured such that the contact part substantially point-contacts the recording paper, and positions on the contact part contacting the recording paper change as the recording paper is unrolled.

Abstract: A retrofit kit that upgrades an existing inkjet printing mechanism by replacing it with a more efficient and advanced light imaging mechanism. The kit includes a control module, a printhead module, and a retrofit printhead. The control module is operable to communicate with the existing command processor in order to receive a digital image. The retrofit printhead includes a means for emitting light onto an emulsion coated screen and is adapted to attach to and be integrated into an existing XY plotting system within the existing printer. The control module interfaces with the existing command processor to control the XY plotting system and the position of the retrofit printhead. The control module also interfaces with the printhead module to communicate and synchronize the amount of light to be emitted at each position; the printhead module thereafter controls the retrofit printhead to emit the determined amount of light at each position.

Abstract: A posture adjusting apparatus includes: an ink ejector that has a detachable inkjet head that ejects ink; and a posture adjuster for adjusting a posture of the ink ejector. The ink ejector includes a head fixing member to/from which the inkjet head is attached and detached, and is movable between a first position where an image is formed on a recording medium by the inkjet head and a second position where the inkjet head is attached and detached, and the posture adjuster allows adjustment of an angle of the head fixing member in the second position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a print screen unit. The print screen unit has a structure in which the connection member is positioned to be slanted at a predetermined angle when the print screen is fitted to an interface unit, such that, as tensile force is applied to the print screen, the engagement state of engaging apertures of the print screen and engaging protrusions of the connection member moves toward the coupling direction thereof so as to further increase coupling force therebetween. And the print screen unit has a structure in which, when each of corner pieces is fitted into and connected to each of end portions of the interface unit, a connection surface area increases so as to bring three surfaces of the inside of the interface unit into close contact with a first and a second piece member.

Abstract: A system for direct writing a conformal or free-form magnet includes producing a magnetic ink compound by mixing an photopolymer base and a magnetic material powder, extruding a layer of the magnetic ink compound through a nozzle on to a target substrate to form a layer, soft-curing the layer by exposing the layer to a first light, repeatedly extruding a layer and soft-curing the layer, then post-curing the magnet by exposing the magnet to a second light and an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to methods for automatically generating cutting instructions to translate a color image into a field stencil having a plurality of guideline apertures. The plurality of guideline apertures may denote the color zone boundaries in the color image, for example by being placed along the line drawing representing the color zone boundaries. Such field stencils may then allow for the reproduction of multi-color logos using a single stencil.

Abstract: A system and method for producing a multi-layered materials sheet that can be separated into a number of payment cards having an embedded metal layer that provides durability and aesthetics at a reduced cost and increased efficiency. During product of the materials sheet, multiple layers are collated and laminated to produce a large materials sheet. The lamination step involves heating and cooling the materials at specific temperatures and pressures for specific time periods. At a registration step, the sheet is automatically milled with alignment holes. During a singulation step, the alignment holes are used to position the sheet on a vacuum table, and vacuum holds the sheet in place while a milling device cuts cards from the sheet.

Abstract: The imaging sensitivity of negative-working lithographic printing plate precursors is improved by removing ozone from the ambient air surrounding the precursors that can be stored near an imaging means such as a platesetter prior to use. Ozone can be removed using a suitable filter containing activated charcoal or other ozone decomposing means, through which ambient air is filtered before and during the imaging process.

Abstract: In an imaging method an image or multiple images, an ink specification and substrate or substrates for imaging are selected. A central computing device (CCD) determines a volume of ink required to form the images and communicates with a plurality of printers that are geographically remote from the CCD. Each of the plurality of printers communicates to the CCD an ink specification available at the printer, a volume of ink available and optionally substrates that are available at the printer location. The CCD selects a printer or printers from the plurality of printers to fulfill the print job considering the geographic location of the printer(s), the ink specification available to the printer, and the volume of ink available at the printer. The CCD provides to the printer information and specifications which may include an image specification, an ink specification, a waveform specification and a substrate specification.

Abstract: In a so-called step-and-repeat method in which a mask pattern is circumferentially written by exposure onto each predetermined region on a surface of a roller mold, an object of the present invention is to improve the spacing accuracy between the mask patterns and to suppress the occurrence of misalignment at a seam when the mask pattern has been written onto a 360-degree circumference.

Abstract: During a material removal method, a component is received that includes a component body and a coating on the component body. The component body includes metallic first material. The coating includes second material that is different from the first material. A solution is received that includes nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. At least a portion of the coating is subjected to the solution in order to remove at least some of the second material from the component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a deposition mask having a structure in which a metal mask sheet with a plurality of opening patterns formed is disposed under tension on and fixed to a metal frame, the method including: a first step of bonding a peripheral part of the metal mask sheet to a synthetic fiber mesh to which constant tension is applied; a second step of cutting off a part of the mesh corresponding to a deposition effective region with a size capable of arranging therein the plurality of opening patterns of the metal mask sheet; a third step of connecting and fixing the frame to the peripheral part of the metal mask sheet on an opposite side to the mesh; and a fourth step of removing the mesh from the metal mask sheet.

Abstract: A method for preparing a multi-layer substrate, which includes: forming a first film layer on a substrate, and forming a group of alignment marks in alignment areas of the first film layer; and forming a plurality of subsequent film layers and a top film layer on the first film layer in sequence; in the patterning process for each subsequent film layer, alignment marks in a mask plate for the subsequent film layer are aligned with the alignment marks in the first film layer, and photoresist coated on the subsequent film layer is subjected to exposure; and in a patterning process of the subsequent film layer, photoresist patterns, formed by the alignment marks in the mask plate at pattern positions of the alignment marks of the first film layer when the photoresist coated on the subsequent film layer is subjected to exposure, are removed. The method improves the alignment accuracy between the patterns of the formed subsequent film layer.

Abstract: Dot pattern perforations predetermined according to a type (kind and carving size) of a workpiece are formed in a part of a body of an attachment where the workpiece is to be set. A seal carving apparatus detects the dot pattern of the mounted attachment by means of photosensors to identify the type of the workpiece. This makes it possible to check consistency between type information on the workpiece input by a customer and type information identified from the dot pattern to prevent mismounting of the attachment or an erroneous carving operation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display panel substrate assembly and an apparatus and method for forming a display panel substrate assembly, wherein the substrate assembly includes a first substrate and a second substrate. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is optically clear. The method includes the steps of screen printing a non-sag adhesive composition onto a surface of the first substrate, bringing the non-sag adhesive composition into contact with a surface of the second substrate in an environment having a pressure of less than or equal to about 5000 pascals, and curing the non-sag adhesive composition to yield an adhesive layer. The non-sag adhesive composition is of a type which is optically clear after curing.

Abstract: A geographically remote computing device transmits an image to a central computing device. The geographically remote computing device also communicates specifications of a substrate or substrates to be imaged to the central computing device. The central computing device selects a geographically remote fulfillment printer. A local, but geographically diverse distribution system is available according to the invention. The central computing device chooses the geographically remote fulfillment printer as a function of factors such as the selected image and substrate, printer capabilities, and the consumer's location. Image quality and consistency is maintained by the central computer selecting an appropriate geographically remote computing device and providing printer the appropriate instructions, rather than the instructions for printing being determined locally at the printer.

Abstract: A mask plate for coating glass cement is provided. The mask plate includes a channel penetrating through a first surface and a second surface for allowing the glass cement to pass therethrough. The channel extends through the first surface and the second surface to form a predetermined pattern. A first opening of the channel at the first surface is of a width greater than a second opening of the channel at the second surface.

Abstract: A system or machine is disclosed which takes pre-stretched emulsion coated screens, digitally prints thereon and exposes them before further processing and use in a screen printing machine.

Abstract: When trial printing is executed in a repeat printing mode, trial printing is performed in size of an image of one piece in a layout in which a plurality of images are supposed to be printed in the repeat printing mode normally. A user who has checked a finished state of the trial printing sets, when the finished state is in a desired state, the recording paper on which the trial printing is performed to the paper feed portion again and executes the repeat printing. Thereby, in a blank space excluding a print image which is printed with a first time trial printing, a scheduled quantity of a plurality of images are repeatedly printed.

Abstract: A system or machine is disclosed which takes pre-stretched emulsion coated screens, digitally prints thereon and exposes them before further processing and use in a screen printing machine.

Abstract: A tension obtaining unit obtains a measured tension value by measuring tension in sub-areas where tension should be obtained, which are set in a screen area to perforate of a stretched screen master. A control unit calculates tension in sub-areas where tension should not be obtained of the screen area to perforate as computed tension values by modifying the measured tension value, based on predefined information for tension computation. The control unit compares the measured tension value and computed tension values against information for determining perforation conditions stored in a storage unit and controls a screen making unit to execute perforation on determined perforation conditions fit for tension in the sub-areas where tension should be obtained and for tension in the sub-areas where tension should not be obtained.

Abstract: A composite stencil for applying designs to walls and other surfaces is disclosed. The stencil includes a porous textile support layer to which a flexible stencil mask is bonded by an adhesion layer. The support layer supports unconnected parts of the stencil mask without bridges common with traditional stencils. Further, the textile support layer in the open areas of the stencil can be colored with a sublimation dye to suggest to a user the colors that should be applied in the various areas of the stencil. A pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the back of the stencil. In use, the stencil is removably adhered to a surface by the pressure sensitive adhesive, whereupon paint or other pigment is applied through the textile support layer to the surface. The lack of bridges permits the entire design to be applied with a single stencil in a single session. The stencil is cleanable and reusable to apply additional designs.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a stencil having a relief with multiple openings on its upper side. The contours correspond to a desired pattern and to a stencil of this type. The stencil has a body with at least one non-perforated non-metal relief layer, which allows greater relief heights and increased freedom of design. The relief layer is removed according to the pattern by laser or plasma radiation to form the multiple openings. Through-openings extending to a rear side opposite the upper side are provided at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief. A stencil with a stencil body may be obtained, having at least one non-metal relief layer, formed in the upper side of which is a relief with multiple openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern. Through-openings extending to a rear side opposite from the upper side are provided.

Abstract: A screen-printing panel comprising a locking strip sewn to a screen-printing mesh is described. The mesh along an edge of the panel is folded around the locking strip and secured using a line of stitching. A gap between the end of the locking strip and the edge of the mesh contributes to corner softening. Another gap between the end of the stitching and the end of the locking strip also contributes to corner softening. Locking strips have various cross sections including rectangular, triangular, and complex curves. Two colors of thread may be used to aid in orienting the panel. An adhesive may be used to hold the mesh to the locking strip for convenience during handling and sewing.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element having microdepressions for security papers, with the microdepressions being colored with a certain color, involves the steps of (a) coating an upper side of a carrier with an embossable layer; (b1) forming microdepressions in the embossable layer to configure an embossed layer; (c) applying the certain color on the upper side, so that the color remains in the microdepressions; (b2) applying a structured protective layer on the coated upper side, wherein the structured protective layer does not cover the microdepressions that are to be colored with the certain color, after step (b1) and before step (c); and removing the structured protective layer and thereby a color toning after step (c).

Abstract: A screen printing screen, having: a screen printing stencil carrier which is configured as a film which is provided with first recesses which are configured in such a way that they reach from one upper side to the underside of the film, and a screen printing stencil which is configured as a nonmetallic masking layer which is connected fixedly to the underside of the screen printing stencil carrier, the masking layer being provided with second recesses which lie in congruence at least partially with the first recesses of the screen printing stencil carrier in such a way that a printing medium can pass through the first recesses of the screen printing stencil carrier from its upper side in the direction of the underside and through the second recesses of the masking layer to a substrate which can be placed underneath.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a screen structure and a screen structure manufactured in accordance with the method include the provision of at least two mesh layers. A first mesh layer and a second mesh layer are provided and brought together to contact each other. Advantageously, the first and second mesh layers are jointly metal-plated. The applied metal firmly bonds the two mesh layers to each other to create a composite mesh. An advantage of the screen structure is that it has a particularly great ink application volume and a very high degree of stability.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to methods for automatically generating cutting instructions to translate a color image into a field stencil having a plurality of guideline apertures. The plurality of guideline apertures may denote the color zone boundaries in the color image, for example by being placed along the line drawing representing the color zone boundaries. Such field stencils may then allow for the reproduction of multi-color logos using a single stencil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a printing stencil for technical printing for applying a printed pattern to a substrate and to a printing stencil. The method includes supplying a carrier layer, supplying a structure layer, said layer being located beneath the carrier layer, making an elongate printed image opening, corresponding to at least part of the printed pattern, in the structure layer, and making carrier layer openings in the region of the printed image opening. The method uses a laser device designed to emit a laser beam in pulses, and includes making a row of carrier layer openings, extending in the longitudinal direction of the printed image opening, wherein, for making a carrier layer opening, a focusing apparatus is positioned near the carrier layer opening, and the carrier layer opening is by means of one or several laser pulses, and the focusing apparatus of the laser device.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a security element for a security document include: a first portion of the security document, the first portion of the security document having at least one aperture therethrough, the or each aperture being defined by an internal surface of the first portion of the document; and either printing through the first portion of the security document such that ink is deposited onto at least a part of the internal surface of the at least one aperture, or printing through the first portion of the security document onto a second portion of the security document provided behind the first portion of the security document, such that ink is deposited onto at least a part of the second portion of the security document aligned with the at least one aperture.

Abstract: A panel for tensioning fabric such as a silkscreen mesh is described. The panel includes locking strips secured to the edges using stitching through the mesh and locking strips. A method for fabricating the panel and tensioning the panel on a frame is also described. Locking strips may be stitched to edges of the fabric or mesh.

Abstract: A screen printing unit equipped with a rotary screen apparatus comprises a cylindrical screen rotatably supported so as to be brought into contact with a rotatable impression cylinder. Multiple small holes are formed in the circumferential surface of the screen, and are filled up with a coating material. Some of the holes corresponding to a pattern not being filled with the coating material, and a special ink stored inside the screen can be supplied to a sheet held on the outer circumferential surface of the impression cylinder so as to form a shape corresponding to the pattern. The small holes are formed only in an area of the screen in the circumferential direction thereof extending from a position corresponding to the downstream-side end of the sheet in the sheet-conveying direction to a position corresponding to the upstream-side end of the sheet in the sheet-conveying direction.

Abstract: A screen-printing panel comprising a locking strip sewn to screen-printing mesh is described. The mesh along an edge of the panel is folded around the locking strip and secured using a line of stitching. A gap between the end of the locking strip and the edge of the mesh contributes to corner softening. Another gap between the end of the stitching and the end of the locking strip also contributes to corner softening. Locking strips have various cross sections including rectangular, triangular, and complex curves. Two colors of thread may be used to aid in orienting the panel. An adhesive may be used to hold the mesh to the locking strip for convenience during handling and sewing.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a screen printing stencil including an amorphous carbon film, such as a DLC film, and a water-oil-repellent layer provided on at least part of the amorphous carbon film so as to exhibit high fixability. [Solution] A screen printing plate 10 of an embodiment of the present invention includes a mesh 16 fixed to a frame body 12; an emulsion layer 14 which fills up the mesh 16 and has a print pattern opening 18; an amorphous carbon film formed on at least part of the surface of an inner wall 22 of the print pattern opening 18 and composed of at least one element of silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen; and a thin film 20 of a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent formed on at least part of the amorphous carbon film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a screen print reflection transfer product and to reflection transfer systems produced by this method. According to said method, the reflecting color is provided with a multitude of reflecting particles, said reflecting particles protruding from the surface of the top color coat.

Abstract: A method for screen printing a printed circuit board substrate comprises the following steps. A printed circuit board substrate including a copper foil layer is provided. Pluralities of marks are formed on the copper foil layer. A plurality of printing screens are provided, each includes an screen pattern and an opening corresponding to a respective mark. Printing material is applied on the ith screen Si to form an ith printing pattern and cover the ith mark at the ith opening, the ith printing pattern conforms to the ith screen pattern; checking whether the ith mark is covered by the printing material when i is less than N. Printing material is applied on the (i+1)th screen Si+1 so as to form an (i+1)th printing pattern on the copper foil layer and covers the (i+1)th Mark Mi+1 at the (i+1)th opening, if the ith mark is covered by the printing material.

Abstract: A printing screen for and method of printing elongate structures on substrates (S), the printing screen comprising first and second layers (3, 5) of different material, the first layer (3) providing a surface over which a printing element is in use traversed and including a plurality of elongate first printing apertures (7) across which extend a plurality of bridges (9) at spaced intervals, and the second layer (5) in use overlying the substrate (S) and including a plurality of elongate second printing apertures (15) through which printing medium is in use printed onto the underlying substrate (S), each of the second printing (15) apertures being located in registration with respective ones of the first printing apertures (7) in the first layer (3).

Abstract: A printing apparatus capable of performing printing and cutting operations is presented. The printing apparatus including a supporting member for supporting a medium, an ink head comprising a nozzle for discharging ultraviolet light curable ink onto the medium and coupled to the guide rail in a freely moveable manner for moving the ink head in the second direction, a cutting head comprising a cutter for cutting the medium and coupled to the guide rail in a freely moveable manner for moving the cutting head in the second direction, and an ultraviolet light irradiation device coupled to the ink head for irradiating ultraviolet light onto the ultraviolet light curable ink discharged on the medium during the printing operation, wherein at least a portion of the medium is irradiated by the ultraviolet light after a region of the recording medium is cut by the cutter.

Abstract: A screen-printing panel comprising a locking strip sewn to screen-printing mesh is described. The mesh along an edge of the panel is folded around the locking strip and secured using a line of stitching. A gap between the end of the locking strip and the edge of the mesh contributes to corner softening. Another gap between the end of the stitching and the end of the locking strip also contributes to corner softening. Locking strips have various cross sections including rectangular, triangular, and complex curves. Two colors of thread may be used to aid in orienting the panel. An adhesive may be used to hold the mesh to the locking strip for convenience during handling and sewing.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ink jet recording apparatus includes: a guide rail extending in a first direction; an ink head that slidably engages with the guide rail and discharges an ultraviolet light curable ink toward a recording medium; a second head that slidably engages with the guide rail; a carriage that moves along the guide rail; a first connection mechanism that bridges the carriage and the ink head and detachably connects the carriage with the ink head; a second connection mechanism that detachably connects the carriage with the second head; and an ultraviolet light irradiation device that is attached to the ink head to move together with the ink head, that is positioned in front, in rear or below the first connecting mechanism when the carriage and the ink head are connected by the first connecting mechanism, and that irradiates the ultraviolet light curable ink discharged from the ink head on the recording medium with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stencil printing frame comprising a border member (5) and a foil sheet (65) attached thereto, wherein the border member (5) is formed as a single piece having sides and corners that define the frame, the single piece having two ends interlocked to form a joint on one corner or side, and wherein at least one corner comprises abutting faces arranged to prevent relative movement of the faces. The invention further provides a method for forming the frame and for uses of the frame once formed.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus includes a guide rail extending in a first direction; an ink head that slidably engages with the guide rail and discharges an ultraviolet light curable ink toward a recording medium; an ultraviolet light irradiation device attached to the ink head to move together with the ink head and that irradiates ultraviolet light to the ink discharged on the recording medium; a second head that slidably engages with the guide rail; a carriage that moves along the guide rail; a first connection mechanism that detachably connects the carriage with the ink head; a second connection mechanism that detachably connects the carriage with the second head; and an irradiation prohibition mechanism that prohibits the irradiation by the ultraviolet light irradiation device based on a predetermined condition relating to a connection state between the carriage and the ink head caused by the first connection mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a screenprinting device having a fabric and a template situated on the fabric. The fabric and/or the template each have a coating which reduces the adhesion of a screenprinting paste or a screenprinting ink to the fabric and/or to the template. In this way, finer structures may be generated, in particular in regard to electronic elements during the production of circuits using multilayer technology. Furthermore, the present invention describes a method for producing a corresponding screenprinting device.

Abstract: A stencil for character projection (CP) charged particle beam lithography and a method for manufacturing the stencil is disclosed, where the stencil contains two circular characters, where each character is capable of forming patterns on a surface in a range of sizes by using different dosages, and where the size ranges for the two characters is continuous. A method for forming circular patterns on a surface using variable-shaped beam (VSB) shots of different dosages is also disclosed. A method for forming circular patterns on a surface using a set of shots, where all of the shots comprise dosages, is also disclosed.

Abstract: An photosensitive stencil includes a porous stencil carrier that can be a sheet of woven material with crisscrossing filaments. The stencil carrier is coated with a photopolymer emulsion that is water based to form a stencil blank. A pressure sensitive adhesive may disposed on one surface of the emulsion either as a continuous film, in which case the adhesive also is photosensitive, or in the form of spaced and unconnected microdots, in which case the adhesive need not be photosensitive. Alternatively, no adhesive need be applied. In use, a light mask is disposed atop the stencil blank. The light mask can be contained on a sheet of paper or a transparent film. Alternatively the stencil blank is fed through an inkjet printer and the light mask is printed directly onto the stencil blank using common inks. The stencil blank is then exposed to light for a few minutes, which cross-links the photopolymer emulsion in unmasked regions. After exposure, the stencil blank is developed by being washed out with water.

Abstract: A stencil printing apparatus for wrapping a master around an outer circumferential surface of a plate cylinder to perform printing, the stencil printing apparatus being capable of preventing the occurrence of abnormal images or afterimage phenomenon which causes confidential information leakage, without increasing cost or causing any problems. This stencil printing apparatus has time measuring means for measuring a leaving time during which the apparatus is left stand, and when a plate discharge command is output before the leaving time exceeds a first predetermined time while the master is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface, the stencil printing apparatus is shifted to a standby state after the master is discharged from the outer circumferential surface.

Abstract: The Automated Cutting System for Customized Field Stencils (“ACSCFS”) is a device designed to implement an automated field stencil creation process. The ACSCFS is comprised of a computer system and an automated cutting table, wherein said automated cutting table is further comprised of a cutting surface, an automated means for placing sheet material onto said cutting surface, and an automated cutting implement. The computer analyzes a color logo image and translates it into a line drawing. The drawing is then scaled, and guideline aperture locations are placed along each line. The computer then transmits instructions to the automated cutting table, directing the creation of a field stencil with a dotted guideline hole pattern. Such field stencils allow for the reproduction of multi-color logos using a single stencil.

Abstract: A method for producing a stencil, which has on its upper side a relief with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, and to a stencil of this type. In order to permit greater relief heights, and consequently increased freedom of design of patterns to be applied, the stencil is provided with a body having at least one non-perforated non-metal relief layer. The material of the relief layer is removed according to the pattern by laser or plasma radiation to form the multiplicity of openings of the relief. Through-openings which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side are provided at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief. A stencil with a stencil body (10) may be obtained, which has at least one non-metal relief layer, formed in the upper side of which is a relief with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern.

Abstract: A stencil printing apparatus with a plate-making device has first control means for executing a special plate-making mode for performing a plate-making operation so that perforated holes to be formed in a film of a master by heating and driving with regard to odd bits corresponding to odd-numbered heat generators and even bits corresponding to even-numbered heat generators are formed in different lines running in the main scanning direction, and so that the perforated holes to be formed on the film by heating and driving with regard to the odd bits and the even bits adjacent to each other are not arranged adjacent to each other in the same line in the main scanning direction.