Abstract: A predecorated gypsum wallboard and the method of manufacture wherein a protective base coat is applied on the face paper by a rotogravure printing of the protective coat with minute openings very closely spaced throughout the coating, as by printing the coat in the form of reasonably uniformly sized tiny dots with about 1000 to about 100,000 dots per square inch, a decorative coat is applied over the base coat, gypsum wallboard is formed with the coated surface of the paper on the outside face, and the newly formed wallboard, when hardened, is dried by heating and removing water from the gypsum core through the still porous coated paper.

Abstract: A method of printing on a sheet member a realistic image of an original, uses two different superimposed impressions with two different coloring media. A first printing plate is created by interposing at least two filters between the original and the film or photoconductive surface, and a second printing plate is created by interposing at least one filter between the original and the film or photoconductive surface. Then, the two printing plates are used to print the different impressions with two different coloring media.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically sensing and maintaining registration of each of the color cylinders utilized in a multi-color printing press is disclosed.Predetermined register marks are printed in the non-image areas on the sheet to be printed. Typically, in a four-color printing process, the black image is used as a reference, and registration of the other three image colors is achieved relative to the black image. Accordingly, a register mark for each process color is printed in the same location as a corresponding black reference register mark.The reference register marks are configured such that the average reflectance of the printed overlay will change as the registration of the color image changes with respect to the black image. In general, the configuration of the register marks for the black and color images differs.The reflectance of each printed overlay is measured on the printing press, while the sheet is moving.

Abstract: In the operation of a multi-color printing press an accurate and at the same time economic control of the inking of the printing plate or the like is made possible by converting the optical frequencies of light reflectance from inking zones (i.e. the zones controlled by the different fountain keys or the like) of the products printed on the press into representative acoustic frequencies which may be processed by electronic signal processing circuitry.The conversion of the light reflectance (diffusely reflected light from the printed image) into acoustic frequencies is undertaken by a light-pressure transducer with a microphone whose electrical output signal goes to a variable frequency filter means with a scan function such that narrow frequency sub-ranges are produced that are processed spectrally in keeping with the intensity thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for indicating and correcting misregister of plural overlapping images produced by a multicolor press. A register indicia (FIG. 3) is used comprising two overlapping sets of parallel lines (R and C), each set being formed in a known position relative to a corresponding one of the images whereby the positional relationship between the sets of lines varies with the positional relationship of the images. The extent of overlap of the sets of lines is dependent upon displacement of the sets of lines in a direction transverse to the lines, whereby the percentage of nonprint area in the register indicia is dependent upon register of the overlapping images in that transverse direction. The percentage of nonprint area is detected by illuminating the register indicia area and measuring the extent to which the area reflects the light. The resulting signal is used to control the register adjustment mechanisms of the multicolor press.

Abstract: A process for presetting a dry offset printing machine intended for printing cylindrical or conical workpieces, in which presetting templates are prepared from a matrix film which is also used for producing the working blocks and perform the function of permanently setting the machine so that the subsequent introduction of blocks merely requires simple checking.

Abstract: A Multi-colored composite print is provided on one side of a transparent medium to produce conventionally readable data when viewed from either side. In one embodiment, a first color, on one side of the medium, provides a solid area in that color. Data that is conventionally readable, when viewed from the opposite side, is also formed on that side. A second color, lighter than the first color, is applied to the one side excluding a subarea of the first color so as to provide second readable data which is conventionally readable when viewed from the one side. The first and second readable data are correlated.

Abstract: A method for registering in an offset printing press comprises: mounting a printing plate on a shiftable table of a plate bending machine; detecting datum fine lines on said plate, by means of optical sensors; shifting the shiftable table so that said datum fine lines are placed at specific positions; inscribing, by means of a register mark inscribing device, register marks for carrying out automatic registering while, at the same time, bending the lateral edges of the printing plate; thereafter mounting the printing plate on a corresponding plate cylinder of a printing press; and carrying out automatic registering. The above plate bending machine comprises plate bending mechanisms, a shiftable table for holding the printing plate, optical detection sensors disposed above the shiftable table and operating to detect datum lines on the plate and thereby to generate signals for the movement of the table and register mark inscribing devices for automatic registering on a plate cylinder of the printing press.

Abstract: A printing process comprise formation of fixed toner images on a photoconductive substrate by using an electrophotographic method, selective application of color materials onto the image portions of the fixed toner images, and printing of said color material applied onto the fixed toner image to a transfer sheet characterized by removing said fixed toner images from the used photoconductive substrate, forming other toner images on the photoconductive substrate thus reclaimed by using an electrophotographic method, application of color materials onto said other toner images, and printing of said color material applied onto the other fixed toner image to a transfer sheet.

Abstract: A device for film-mounting print control strips at a precise level and in registry including a foil forming a template for a mounting foil when mounting a print control strip, the foil template containing ink and measuring-field information necessary for the film mounting at a precise level and in registry, and further containing a characteristic of printing plate centers.

Abstract: A data carrier, in particular check paper, having a picture theme printed on by the dot screen, grain screen, line-half-tone combination or special screen techniques or as a line copy, which is printed over by a security pattern serving the purpose of protecting the data carrier. The picture theme is interrupted by a negative security pattern adapted to the security pattern, into which negative security pattern the security pattern is printed congruently. The lines of the negative security pattern are preferably wider than the lines of the security pattern, so that the lines of the security pattern integrated into the picture theme are at a certain distance from the lines of the negative security pattern in the entire picture area and do not touch the picture theme.

Abstract: Substantially triangular shaped register marks are applied to respective plate cylinders of a multicolor printing machine. Each register mark is made up of a first side extending laterally of axial direction of a plate cylinder and a second inclined side extending downwardly to an end of the first side. Rotation of register marks is detected by a photoelectric detector and a rotary encoder rotating in synchronism with respective plate cylinders generates a reference pulse and a rotation pulse having a shorter period than the reference pulse. Based on the reference pulse, the rotation pulse and an output of the photoelectric detector, a leading edge time difference signal and a trailing edge time difference signal are formed and then integrated by integrators. In response to outputs of the integrators the peripheral direction and the lateral direction of the respective plate cylinders are adjusted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying thermoplastic decorative inks onto various substrates by printing each color ink onto a releasing surface from a heated engraved or etched metal surface, transferring by intimate mechanical contact the various colors from each releasing surface onto a second releasing collector surface to form a multi-colored print, and transferring the multi-colored print to a ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass substrate by intimate contact with the collector surface.

Abstract: A collect-printing unit for security printing in dry-offset printing for use in a rotary printing press, provided with a blanket cylinder, to which a plurality of hard cut-out inking rollers are coordinated is disclosed. To this blanket cylinder, two ink transfer cylinders and one forme cylinder, on whose periphery several letterpress formes are fixed, are coordinated. Furthermore, one blanket cylinder is coordinated to the forme cylinder, this blanket cylinder receiving the multi-color motif from the forme cylinder and transferring it onto the support to be printed. A counter-pressure cylinder cooperates with this blanket cylinder. A sheet-shaped or web-shaped support to be printed, is interposed between the blanket cylinder and the counter-pressure cylinder, and is printed in collect-printing.

Abstract: Variegated composite designs (11) are printed on a surface of a length of fabric (12) by a two-stage printing process in which first, sharp, unmodulated color background portions (14) of the design are first applied by a conventional contact printer (13) such as a rotary screen printer in one example. Next, the partially printed fabric is advanced to an airbrush printing station located downstream from the final stage of the contact printer, where a plurality of airbrushes (21) are selectively operated to apply variable color tone portions or features (22) to the fabric adjacent to the background portions previously printed, in either the same or contrasting color or colors so as to produce a variegated composite design including the airbrushed portions superimposed on and embellishing the background sharp color portions previously printed. Operation of the airbrushes and contact printer is synchronized (FIGS. 1, 2-24, 27; FIGS.

Abstract: To permit, selectively, multi color prime printing or prime-and-verso printing, two rubber blanket cylinders (5, 6) each in engagement with a respective cylinder (3, 4) cooperate with a single printing or impression cylinder (7), and an engagement element (23, 24, 28) such as a roller (23, 24) or a compressed air supply (28); the rubber cylinder can be engaged with the impression cylinder or, respectively, separated therefrom.

Abstract: To permit, selectively, multi-color prime printing or prime and verso printing on printing machines having plate blanket, and printing cylinders of the same diameter, the printing cylinders (8,9;51,52,53;77) have a rubber blanket thereon to receive printing information from the blanket cylinders (6,7;48,49,50;75,76) during one phase of operation and transferring this information to the sheet by engagement with the sheet supply or transport cylinders (12,60,78) which are formed with surfaces permitting them to operate as impression or printing cylinders, sheet supply being arranged to provide sheets in this mode of operation for every two revolutions of the cylinders only, to permit information transfer during the intervening idle, or non-printing phase or revolution.

Abstract: A system is provided for controlling fan-out in a web offset press. A bowed roller is interposed upstream of the blanket cylinder of the first printing unit. The bowed roller applies outward lateral forces to the web, to expand the web laterally prior to printing thereon by the blanket cylinder of the first printing unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a printer of the type having plural print heads for printing indicia of different colors by transferring a color dye from a dye medium to a record medium. Each print head is supplied with an energizing signal for a time duration that determines the relative intensity of an indicium printed thereby. Image signals which represent the intensities of the indicia to be printed by corresponding print heads are compared, in a predetermined sequence, to a reference signal whose level changes with time. As each image signal is compared an energizing signal is produced for a duration that is determined by the value of that image signal with respect to the level of the reference signal. The durations of the energizing signals are varied as a function of the print characteristics of the dye medium from which the indicia are printed.

Abstract: A rotary printing press includes a laser beam imaging device to enable a rotary printing member to be prepared while it is located in the printing press. This arrangement has particular advantages when it is used with a lithographic or a gravure printing press and especially when used as a proofing press for color lithography or color gravure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for pre-setting the register in photogravure printing machines. According to the invention, the angular position of a first printing cylinder is determined relative to a scanning device when the cylinder adjusting mark passes the scanning device. The first cylinder is held stationary and its angular position is stored upon detection of the adjusting mark. An upstream cylinder is rotated and a pulse is generated when the angular position of the upstream cylinder is rotated past the stored angular position of the first cylinder. The web distance traveled between the generation of said pulse and the detection by the scanning device of the adjusting mark of the upstream cylinder is proportional to the angular offset of the two cylinders. A signal proportion to this web distance can be used as a register positioning command.

Abstract: A method of optimizing reproduction processes including the steps of preparing a physical standard, measuring the filtration and exposure values or densities used in preparing the standard, separating the image used in producing the standard into its color constituents using filtration values that are a function of those employed in making the standard, using a reproduction process to make many replicates of the standard, comparing representative samples of the replicate with the standard upon which the separations were based to measure the average difference in densities between the standard and such replicates, adjusting the filtration used in making the separations in response to such average differences until subsequent comparisons between subsequent standards yield average differences between acceptable, predetermined limits.

Abstract: A decorated synthetic resin sheet is formed by a continuously cast sheet of polymerized synthetic resin syrup integrally joined on at least one side with one side of an unwrinkled uniformly thick preformed film of polymerized synthetic resin that is compatible with the cast syrup. The film and sheet are integrally joined together to form a homogeneous product.

Abstract: A method for producing prints having continuous tone gradation which includes the steps of selectively placing solvents on a semi-opaque substrate having a surface altering the surface of the substrate enabling the substrate to hold a colorant, placing colorant on the areas of the substrate so treated, thereby producing continuous tone gradations, transferring an image of the continuous tone gradation substrate onto a conventional print plate and printing prints from the print plate. The steps of transferring can be done either by direct contact printing or by an intermediate conventional negative. The most preferred embodiment includes ethyl alcohol as the solvent, cellulose acetate as the substrate and india ink as the colorant. Multicolor prints can be made from varying density print plates produced by differing exposure times of transferring the image and overprinting the plates using differing inks.

Abstract: A composite indicator for use with overlay process color screen tints in offset color printing comprised of a composite screen made of relatively angled color screens. The respective dot patterns of the color screens have the word of the process color associated with that angle worked in by an out-of-phase dot pattern with respect to that screen background dot pattern. An overlaying color screen, when properly angled, causes, by out-of-phase moire pattern effect, the name of that color to be visually readable as a relatively lighter or darker pattern on a contrasting background.

Abstract: A method for printing on textiles and the like and which employs a substantially ordered array of bubbles, each individually formed and colored, to carry the colorant to the surface being printed and to form the desired pattern on the surface.

Abstract: A registration target for printing on a web or sheet includes a pair of juxtaposed orthogonal arms, at least one of which extends lengthwise along the web. One or more tabs projects perpendicularly from each arm but only at one edge thereof. The widths of the arms and tabs substantially correspond to the stroke width of the lines and characters being printed on the web and the length of each tab is a multiple of that stroke width. By observing the orientations of the tabs and the amounts by which they project beyond one another of the targets printed by a series of print cylinders in a press, one can immediately discern the directions and amounts in terms of stroke width of any registration errors.

Abstract: A process of four-color halftone printing onto objects having a curved surface by means of dry offset printing which comprises transferring four images of yellow, magenta, cyan and black process inks having a difference of at least 1 in tackiness value from each other from four blocks onto two transfer areas provided on a blanket differently in the circumferential direction of a blanket cylinder in two layers two by two so that an image of an ink having the highest tackiness value and an image of an ink having the secondarily high tackiness value are transferred onto the first transfer area in that order and an image of an ink having the thirdly high tackiness value and an image of an ink having the lowest tackiness value are transferred onto the second transfer area in that order, and then transferring the images on the first transfer area and the images on the second transfer area in order onto the object having a curved surface in layers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying newsprint ink and dampening fluid to a lithographic printing plate, the apparatus comprising an ink metering roller in rolling pressure indented relation with a transfer roller having an oleophillic surface and a dampening fluid transfer roller having a hydrophillic surface each of the transfer rollers being driven by a reversible variable speed motor. The transfer rollers are in pressure indented relationship with a form roller which transfers a thin film of ink and dampening fluid to the printing plate. An excess of ink is supplied to the nip between the metering roller and the transfer roller to produce the thin film of ink which may be further conditioned by an ink storage roller prior to entry of the film of ink into the ink transfer nip between the transfer roller and the form roller.

Abstract: An improvement in a half-tone primary color printing method where the black color is approximated by balancing the primary color components of the print and where the printing process involves using three primary color printing passes only, includes the steps of:(a) preparing separated, differentially angled screen images of the primary color and black components of the print;(b) reducing the dot sizes of the screen images corresponding to the respective red, blue and yellow components of the combination plates prior to the combining of each image with its respective black component;(c) preparing combination primary color and black half-tone printing plates using the prepared screened primary color images having reduced dot sizes as the primary color component image of each combination plate;(d) printing the final color image using said plates and primary color inks; and(e) maintaining the density and volume of said inks during said printing process within a range suitable to maintain optimum color density in

Abstract: There is disclosed an ink roller adapted to be used in a printing apparatus. The ink roller includes a hub having a roll-mounting section, a flange section, a first stub shaft adjacent the first flange section and a second stub shaft disposed opposite the first stub shaft and joined to the roll-mounting section. A second flange section telescopically receives and is axially aligned with the roll-mounting section. The second flange section is joined to the hub preferably by ultrasonic welding. There is also disclosed method of making the ink roller.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a multicolored yarn, in which the yarn is knitted into a tubular pre-fabric tape, the tape is straightened and flattened freeing it of any folds or wrinkles or the like, and is fed wale-wise in a straightened and flattened condition and printed with a multicolored design having a multiplicity of different colors in the course-wise direction, at least about every half inch or less. The resulting printed tape is set, deknitted and the resulting multicolored yarn is taken up. The yarn product has a multiplicity of short dashes of at least five different colors arranged adjacent each other along the yarn direction, and the dashes have an average length of about one inch or less.Fabric composed of the yarn, preferably of an apparel denier, has a pleasing multicolored effect.

Abstract: A tool for effecting precision layout is provided with a translucent support surface and means for accurately positioning a straight edge in any of a number of preselected positions spanning the support surface. Apertures through opposite ends of the straight-edge element are selectively alignable with spaced rows of precision indexing holes which circumscribe the support surface. A pair of locator pins are removably disposed within said apertures projecting into selected indexing holes to accurately locate and retain the straight-edge element in a desired position across the support surface. A related registering method is provided which utilizes accurately positioned, perpendicularly intersecting lines to locate image transparencies upon a masking sheet as well as to register superimposed color impressions during printing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting sublimation printing of a substrate wherein a matrix comprising the design to be printed is electrostatically charged in a given polarity and then a fine disperse dye powder, oppositely charged, is brought into contact with said matrix wherein the charged matrix attracts the oppositely charged dye particles to effect coating of the matrix with the dye, after which the coated matrix is moved into registry with the substrate to be printed, and specifically in overlying relation with respect to a surface of the substrate that has been coated with a dye receptive coating, after which the matrix is brought into pressurized contact with the coated surface of the substrate to cause sublimation of the dye pattern into said coated substrate surface.

Abstract: A method of printing a multicolor design on a long, continuous web or carpet in a machine having uniformly spaced printing stations and apparatus for longitudinally advancing the carpet in steps between printing operations. Two or more stations adjacent each other are used for each color to appear in the design being printed. The carpet movement increment distances are selected as a function of total number of colors n, total number of stations P and the number of stations per color N to increase production. In the preferred embodiment a repeated sequence of distances D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are selected so that D.sub.1 +D.sub.2 =2N, D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 each being odd integral numbers of pattern repeat lengths.

Abstract: An improved two printing step process for reproducing visual subject matter including the making of a secondary printing plate with a positive image random pattern screen and printing a substrate sequentially and in registry with the secondary printing plate and a master printing plate made with a conventional half tone screen. The random pattern screen is a positive image phototransparency having a large plurality of irregularly shaped highlight areas and constrasting shadow areas per square inch, an optical density from about 0.17 to about 1.6, a contrast factor from about 0.75 to about 1.5 and a transparency factor from about 0.25 to about 0.60. The random pattern screen is made from a transparent plate having light disruptive projections on its surface. A negative and a positive phototransparency of the transparent plate are made while controlling exposure and developing conditions to produce a positive image screen having the desired characteristics.

Abstract: A method of producing a latent photograph by using a reproduction of the photograph in both negative and positive form, photographing both negative and positive in sequence and in register through a dark screen, having extremely small apertures and angled 30.degree. and 60.degree. in respect to the upper margin, the resulting latent photograph having a visual effect of being smooth and continuous is a reflection of the size and shape of the dots, lines, or tones, of both positive and negative reproductions, but reduced in size and changed in shape by the small apertures of the dark screen when photographed at two angles 30.degree.

Abstract: Distortion, smearing, and/or slurring are reduced in printing halftone images using printing apparatus with cylindrical printing surfaces by forming the image to be printed as a plurality of toned lines substantially perpendicular to the ink transfer nips in the printing apparatus. The invention is particularly suited to printing halftone images on rough or irregular substrates and on substrates, such as the outer side surfaces of truncated conical containers, which are not of uniform conformity with the cylindrical printing surface.

Abstract: Process for transferring overlayed multiple ink patterns from the surface of a release blanket to a receiving surface on a container or other formed article being printed. A substantially transparent film is first formed on the release blanket, with each ink pattern being printed sequentially over this release film. Proper printing on the release film without picking the release film or previously applied ink films is obtained when certain adhesive and cohesive relationships are maintained between the ink films and the release film. An adhesive film may be formed on the article to be printed, or it may be formed over the ink films and the release film on the release blanket. The receiving surface on the article to be printed is brought into contact with the films on the release blanket, with a resulting total transfer of the films on the blanket to the surface of the article.

Abstract: A liquid feeding system includes a plurality of adjacent liquid feeding chambers having outlets disposed in a laterally aligned integral assembly to supply liquid to a substrate material passing across the outlets. The liquid feeding chambers are divided by vertical partitions into independent units of substantially uniform width and height. A plurality of liquid control means detachably engage the partitions and extend from the chamber outlets to contact the substrate and provide longitudinal passages having selective restricted openings and solidly enclosed sealed boundaries. The liquid control means may be in the form of like sized apertured inserts fitting into the outlets between the partitions and permitting liquid flow only through the selectively dimensioned apertures. Adjacent inserts may include laterally communicating channels between longitudinal passages and overlapping apertures to provide openings of larger widths and varying patterns.

Abstract: A method of producing a graphic pattern and a graphic pattern for imprinting substrates, such as documents, especially paper currency, stamps or the like, with lines in the form of lengthwise extending color mounds or peaks is disclosed. There is provided a line grid or pattern which is substantially uniform at least in given field sections and comprises relatively closely juxtaposed non-intersecting and non-contacting lines. The ratio between the height and the spacing of the color mounds forming the lines is selected such that when viewing the pattern below a predetermined boundary inclination angle the base of the valleys between the color mounds or peaks is not visible.

Abstract: A process for multi-color valley printing and embossing of thermoplastic sheets and the like is provided wherein the number of colors that may be printed on such sheets simultaneously with the embossing operation exceeds the number of different color inks utilized by printing such inks individually in certain area and by blending two or more of the different color inks to print additional colors in other areas. A plurality of such different color inks are applied to the surface of a rotatable embossing and printing roll in a manner such that certain discrete surface areas thereof receive individual layers of a single color ink and other discrete surface areas thereof receive overlapping layers of at least two different color inks.

Abstract: A decorative stained glass effect window shade in the form of a light transparent elongated plastic film adapted to cover a window opening and having thereon a colored reproduction of an actual stained glass window assembly and produced by photographing a stained glass window on a positive transparency film, transferring the photograph from the transparency to an ink reproducing member and reproducing the transparency onto a transparent plastic film in light transmitting colored inks.

Abstract: A novel set of basic printing inks for producing improved color tones in multicolor printing comprising four individual inks of golden-yellow, carmin, violet, and turquoise hues, respectively, and having predetermined spectral intervals between their maximum density wavelengths, the maximum density of each of the intermediate pair of colors being substantially equidistant from the middle of the visible color spectrum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coloring surfaces in such a way that two juxtaposed colored areas cannot be visually perceived as distinct from one another unless their distance from the eye drops below a predetermined distance. The first area is colored by juxtapositioning unitary zones of at least two colors and the second area is colored by the resultant color of the optical mixture of the colors used for the first area. One important application of the invention is in display advertising.

Abstract: Method for substantially improving the shadow detail and color spectrum range of multicolored lithographic reproductions including the preparation of and printing with standard halftone printing plates and overprinting with a secondary printing plate made from a color separation used in making the halftone printing plates; the secondary printing plate being made from a secondary image exposed through a random pattern screen.

Abstract: A predetermined design for heat transfer to a fabric material is produced in color on a release paper by offset printing. To intensify or bring out the colors in the offset printed design the separate color portions thereof are outlined or accentuated by a color of a darker or deeper shade by silk screen printing the outlines with a black colored plastisol material. This design, complete with the bordered or outlined silk screened portions, and corresponding to the color design as it will appear on the fabric material, is then coated or covered with a thin film of a white colored plastisol material having an affinity for both the color design and a fabric material. When subjected to pressure and heat the design is transferred from the release paper to a fabric material.

Abstract: Process for transferring overlayed multiple ink patterns from the surface of a release blanket to a receiving surface on a container or other formed article being printed. A substantially transparent film is first formed on the release blanket, with each ink pattern being printed sequentially over this release film. Proper printing on the release film without picking the release film or previously applied ink films is obtained when certain adhesive and cohesive relationships are maintained between the ink films and the release film. An adhesive film may be formed on the article to be printed, or it may be formed over the ink films and the release film on the release blanket. The receiving surface on the article to be printed is brought into contact with the films on the release blanket, with a resulting total transfer of the films on the blanket to the surface of the article.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for coloring a pile fabric, liquid coloring material is introduced into compartments, and the pile fabric is pressed face downwardly into the compartments. In order to provide regions wherein different colors are distinct from one another, a resilient barrier is provided between compartments to which different colored liquid coloring material is introduced and in order to provide areas of the pile fabric wherein the colors are blended, liquid coloring material of different colors is introduced into the compartments in regions not separated by a resilient barrier.

Abstract: A method of gravure printing which comprises preparing a tone chart having tone scale images with known density values and known gradations between a series of steps between a deep shadow tone density value and a light shadow tone density value, etching a test tone cylinder to reproduce the tone chart and measuring and recording the cell geometry of each tone image on the test cylinder, placing the test cylinder on the press to be used and operating the press with ink and substrate selected for the copy to be reproduced, measuring the tone densities of the printed product samples obtained during the test run and recording this data along with the data on density values of the tone chart and the cell geometry of the test cylinder, determining from this data the tone scale and press operating conditions which will produce theoretically optimum reproduction on the press, preparing specifications, in terms of cell geometry, for engraving of production cylinders and preparing production cylinders according to the