Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method for LED dimming device. The operation method includes the following steps. Step A: sampling a pulse width modulation signal, and respectively counting for a time period when the pulse width modulation signal is at high level and a time period when the pulse width modulation signal is at low level. Step B: determining whether a rising edge of the pulse width modulation signal is detected. Step C: calculating a duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal when the rising edge is detected. Step D: resetting a counter module. Step E: driving a LED module according to the duty cycle.

Abstract: A chemiluminescent tracer insert with decelerator for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting activities, including skeet, trap, sporting clays, hunting, law enforcement and military applications. The tracer insert can be used in shotgun shells of all gauges. The tracer insert comprises a translucent, resilient, elastic, cylindrical container in which the reactants, an oxalate and fluorescent-colored dye solution, and an activator encased in a glass vessel, are held. Ignition of the shell causes the glass vessel to break. The resulting chemiluminescent reaction causes emission of light visible to the shooter. Unattached ends of thin-flaps on the tracer insert extend outwardly when drag forces act upon them during flight, slowing the speed of the tracer insert, which makes it more visible to the shooter, thereby providing a consistent reference to enable a shooter to make corrections to his lead and/or shooting techniques.

Abstract: A shotgun shell tracer includes a base wall, an obturator, and an edge wall extending from the base wall opposite to the obturator. A chamber support may be engaged to the base wall extending from the base wall within the internal space of the tracer. The shotgun shell tracer may additionally include a tracer insert which may encircle the chamber support. Discharge of a shotgun shell in some embodiments will exert pressure on projectiles which fuse the tracer insert to the base wall and the chamber support, and embed the projectiles into the tracer insert, establishing ballast for the shotgun shell tracer. The chamber support in one embodiment may be a modified spike. The ballast in one embodiment may be a washer replacing embedded projectiles. A conveyor may be used to transport tracer carriers during manufacture of a tracer.

Abstract: Novel hybrid luminescent ammunition (HLA) is provided. The HLA projectiles can include photoluminescent or triboluminescent material, or both. The photoluminescent and triboluminescent material can be placed at various locations on the projectile. In one configuration, the triboluminescent material that gives off light when the projectile impacts the target. In another configuration, a photoluminescent material provides a during flight and the triboluminescent material provides identification of target impact. In another configuration, the triboluminescent material is used to provide both the ballistic trace and the impact identification. Methods of making the HLA are also provided.

Abstract: A tracer cylinder for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting sports, which also can be used for military and police applications. The tracer cylinder, which contains a liquid, is positioned in a shotgun shell above a disk-shaped piercing valve. The shell is loaded into a shotgun and fired. The forces of ignition cause the point on the piercing valve to puncture the bottom of the cylinder, and, when the cylinder is airborne, tracer liquid is released through the resulting opening by physical forces, creating a long-lasting mist or fog cloud that is visible to the shooter. The shooter is provided with a consistent and durable reference, allowing him or her to make effective corrections to his or her shooting technique. The tracer cylinder can be loaded into a shot holder, with or without shot pellets.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed are pellets for a shotgun shell which are covered with a light transmissive coating that contains pigments which photo-luminesce visible light, of selectable wavelength (color), in response to excitation by long wave ultra-violent light (“black light”). The trajectory of such pellets during flight is able to be visualized and captured on camera during night, indoors or under shooting conditions where ambient light is low. When lodged in a target the visibility of the pellets can be enhanced by illumination by black light, thereby facilitating the task of locating shot pellets, for removal from the target, scoring or other purposes. By assigning several shooters shotgun shells having pellets which photo-luminesce a color which is distinctive to each, one is also able, by visual inspection of the pellets lodged in a target, to determine which of said shooters struck a target and other information relating to the accuracy of each shooter's efforts.

Abstract: A tracer cylinder for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting sports, which also can be used for military and police applications. The tracer cylinder, which contains a liquid, has one or more openings, each one releasably closed with a valve. The tracer cylinder is loaded into a shotgun shell and fired. After the valve in the bottom of the cylinder is released, the liquid is extracted through the opening by physical forces, creating a long-lasting mist or fog cloud that is visible to the shooter. The shooter is provided with a consistent and durable reference, allowing him or her to make effective corrections to his or her shooting technique. The tracer cylinder can be loaded into a shot holder, with or without shot pellets.

Abstract: A flare-bang projectile is comprised of a weighty ballast in the front leading edge, a flash-bang charge, a transfer charge and a flare charge that is lit by a starter composition located at the rear of the flare charge. When the flare charge is ignited such that it burns during the flight of the projectile, an the projectile path is indicated to thereby provide warning signaling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shotgun cartridge for shotgun shooting. The shotgun cartridge includes a case and a case head in it, in the vicinity of a primer arranged in which, a propelling charge is arranged. Inside the case is a shot wad with shot pellets arranged inside it, which are arranged on the opposite side of the propelling charge to the primer, and between the propelling charge and the shot pellets is a gas wad. In addition, the shotgun cartridge includes a indicator piece, arranged inside the shot wad, on the shot pellets side of the gas wad, in which there is a space for a indicator agent. The indicator piece is arranged to be ejected from the case when the shotgun cartridge is fired by igniting the propelling charge with the primer. The outer diameter of the indicator piece essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the shot wad, and the indicator piece is arranged against the end wall of the shot wad with the shot pellets lying freely against the indicator piece.

Abstract: A munition has an external surface. The munition may be of any type. The external surface includes a coating on at least part of it. Coatings may be, for example, paints, tapes, appliqués or other materials. The coating on the munition includes one or more of reflective material, phosphorescent material and fluorescent material. The reflective, phosphorescent and/or fluorescent coatings are applied to the munition prior to its being deployed. The reflective, phosphorescent and/or fluorescent materials in the coatings are visible at a safe distance from the munition and help to identify unexploded ordnance.

Abstract: A ballistic tracer platform for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting sports, which also can be used for military and police applications. The ballistic tracer platform emits light after ignition of the shell, providing the shooter with a consistent reference to make corrections to his aiming point and shooting techniques. The tracer platform can be used in ordinary shotgun shells. The tracer platform comprises a translucent, resilient, elastic, cylindrical container in which the reactants, a fluorescent colored dye and oxalate solution and an activator, are held, separated from each other prior to ignition by encasing one or both in its own glass bulb or tube. The blast from ignition of the shell causes the glass bulb(s) or tube(s) to break. The resulting chemiluminescent reaction between the reactants results in emission of light which is visible to the shooter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shotgun cartridge for shotgun shooting. The shotgun cartridge includes a case and a case head in it, in the vicinity of a primer arranged in which, a propelling charge is arranged. Inside the case is a shot wad with shot pellets arranged inside it, which are arranged on the opposite side of the propelling charge to the primer, and between the propelling charge and the shot pellets is a gas wad. In addition, the shotgun cartridge includes a indicator piece, arranged inside the shot wad, on the shot pellets side of the gas wad, in which there is a space for a indicator agent. The indicator piece is arranged to be ejected from the case when the shotgun cartridge is fired by igniting the propelling charge with the primer. The outer diameter of the indicator piece essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the shot wad, and the indicator piece is arranged against the end wall of the shot wad with the shot pellets lying freely against the indicator piece.

Abstract: Described are flameless tracer munitions that are expelled from land mines or in hand thrown devices, which are used to mark an enemy person, vehicle body, or tires on the vehicle, with materials that emit infrared (IR) light, or heat emitting materials, or with a visible ink or a dye. The subjects are then identified and pursued because of the ink or seen with infrared reading or heat seeking devices. The devices are both long duration (several hours) and also have high light intensity tracing and marking. These munitions are non-impact and non-lethal; are non-toxic, and biodegradable.

Abstract: A ballistic tracer platform for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting sports, which also can be used for military and police applications. The ballistic tracer platform carries a tracer element, which provides the shooter with a consistent reference to make corrections to his or her aiming point and shooting techniques. The ballistic tracer platform can be used in ordinary shotgun shells. The ballistic tracer platform consists of a cylindrical structure with a coaxial cylindrical cavity in which the tracer element is disposed. The tracer element can be composed of incendiary or non-incendiary materials. The ballistic tracer platform can be modified to improve its ballistic shape, such as modifying the shape of its nose. Mass can be added to cavities formed in the ballistic tracer platform in order to adjust the weight of the device. Grooves, fins, or orifices can be formed in surface of the device to create additional spin.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A covert tracer round has an infrared emitter of radiation mounted to its front, side or back. The radiation (which may be coherent or incoherent) is detected by a sensor that displays an image of the target and the beam. The sensor receives the beam directly if the emitter is on the back of the round and by reflection off the target or nearby objects if the emitter faces forward. The round may include a fixed or moveable collimating lens. The emitter may radiate radially from the round to signal troops or devices located along its path. The round may include sensors that gather significant information about chemicals or biological agents, about magnetic or gravitational anomalies or any other remotely detectable property and transmit that information to the sensor by modulating the emitted radiation.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell.

Abstract: Small, medium and large caliber ammunition housing multiple projectiles are traced by means of a tracing/marking system utilizing chemlucent chemicals. The tracing/marking system also provides target marking when using small, medium and large caliber ammunition. Multiple projectiles are coated in a chemlucent chemical (referenced as the coating) and placed in the ammunition. Additionally, a liquid chemlucent chemical in a separate container is placed in the ammunition. When launched or fired from a gun or munition, the separate container breaks and the coating and the chemlucent chemicals combine, emitting light. The present system applies to multiple projectiles that are either launched in a scatter pattern from a gun or dispersed in a scatter pattern after the housing of the ammunition opens up outside the gun after firing. For military ammunition, the tracing/marking system may use buckshot, steel balls, or tungsten balls.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A covert tracer round has an infrared emitter of radiation mounted to its front, side or back. The radiation (which may be coherent or incoherent) is detected by a sensor that displays an image of the target and the beam. The sensor receives the beam directly if the emitter is on the back of the round and by reflection off the target or nearby objects if the emitter faces forward. The round may include a fixed or moveable collimating lens. The emitter may radiate radially from the round to signal troops or devices located along its path. The round may include sensors that gather significant information about chemicals or biological agents, about magnetic or gravitational anomalies or any other remotely detectable property and transmit that information to the sensor by modulating the emitted radiation.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A shotgun shell flight path indicator is described which in general includes a shell casing having a primer end having a primer, a propellant disposed within the interior of the casing proximate to the primer adapted for ignition by the primer, and a non-combustible indicator positioned within the casing. The indicator generally includes a base positioned proximate to the propellant where the base has a sufficient mass and size for unaided observation following discharge from a shotgun barrel. The indicator may include ballast integral to the base and pedals extending outwardly from the base to assist in aerodynamic drafting behind expelled shot to visually represent the flight trajectory of the expelled shot of a shotgun shell. The indicator may further include a plug disposed in the casing between the ballast and the propellant where the plug is adapted to compact the ballast within a ballast pocket integral to the base upon discharge of the shotgun shell to reduce peak barrel pressure for a shotgun.

Abstract: A shotgun casing tube supporting a metal butt end connected containment cup, mounted to the casing tube outer wall, supporting an eject disc, supporting in a percussion cap centrally locate by crimp within a port. A multi-slot fingered antifriction cup is fitted into the casing cup with its floor resting on a powder filled basin at bottom of casing tube. A compressible compression rod conforming to the remaining depth of the casing tube is bonded central to a compression rod base plate, sitting on the floor of the antifriction disc inside a steel shot casing fill sealed in by crimping over extended casing tube end, ready for firing. Another embodiment fill of the shotgun cartridge includes a multi-fingered compressible compression cup bonded to the internal wall of the antifriction cup fingers, matching finger to finger bond. Another embodiment fill includes a tracer powder filled tracer tube, beveled at the leading end open port.

Abstract: A tracer wad for a cartridge comprises a shot holder consisting of four quadrants defining between them a tubular member, a tracer element holder and a conical recess leading to a bore for directing ignited propellant onto a tracer element held in the holder to ensure reliable ignition of the tracer element on firing of the cartridge. A flexible skirt portion ensures a good gas seal between the wad and the barrel of a firearm when the cartridge is fired. When the wad leaves the barrel, the quadrants are peeled back and the tracer element leaves the holder to follow the trajectory of the shot.

Abstract: A plastic cartridge has a base with a primer pocket and a primer mounted therein. A propellant charge is located within the cartridge and a plastic, collapsible wad is positioned within the cartridge above the propellant charge. A strawlike fusing channel extends through the wad into the propellant charge and is packed with an igniter charge. The fusing channel communicates between the propellant charge and a tracer charge packed within a cavity in a lead shotgun slug. The wad has a plurality of upwardly extending petals which surround the slug within the cartridge and which engage with the rifling of a shotgun barrel when the round is fired.

Abstract: A plastic cartridge has a base with a primer pocket and a primer mounted therein. A propellant charge is located within the cartridge and a plastic, collapsible wad is positioned within the cartridge above the propellant charge. A strawlike fusing channel extends through the wad into the propellant charge and is packed with an igniter charge. The fusing channel communicates between the propellant charge and a tracer charge packed within a cavity in a lead shotgun slug. The wad has a plurality of upwardly extending petals which surround the slug within the cartridge and which engage with the rifling of a shotgun barrel when the round is fired.

Abstract: A tracer shotgun shell includes an improved tracer element and a single, integral wad member, which supports the tracer element within a shot charge. The tracer element is in the form of a spherical ball with a cylindrically-shaped, radially extending tail. A hole is formed through the tail and into the ball, past its center, and an igniter compound is positioned centrally within the ball. A preferred form of the igniter compound includes a mixture, by weight, of 87% barium peroxide, 11% magnesium, and 2% strontium nitrate. The single, integral wad member includes a transverse base section, having a downwardly extending perimetric flange; an upper transverse section; and a stem interconnecting and spacing the two sections. A tracer element mounting platform is formed centrally atop the upper transverse section, and extends into the charge of shot so as to permit shot to laterally encircle the platform.

Abstract: A molded plastic wad for use in a shot shell having a primer propellant and shot comprises an upper, generally cylindrical shot compartment for receiving and holding the shot and a lower, generally enclosed chamber secured to the lower end of the shot compartment proximate the propellant. The lower chamber has side walls and a bottom wall comprised of an overpowder wad. Tracer means are positioned within the lower compartment for forming a chemiluminescent tracer to accompany the shot upon the firing of the shot shell.

Abstract: A shotgun cartridge comprising a charge of shot, each shot being coated with an illuminant, and a solid firing agent for firing the illuminant, so that upon firing the cartridge a marksman can trace the trajectories of the individual shots and the extent to which the charge of shot spreads.