Abstract: Training ammunition that may be utilized by the U.S. Army, Marines and other Armed Forces that conduct training exercises with about 20 mm to 155 mm cartridges. The munition would electronically generate/initiated a signature that would become present at the target. The user would be able to observe the signature with the unaided eye during day or night training, or with devices such as night vision goggles/monocular or thermal sites. The generated signature would not utilize any explosives or pyrophoric iron powders, and would not create an increased fire hazard risk to the user. The munition would be able to survive typical rough handling and firing weapon malfunctions without becoming unusable, or causing delays in training exercises.

Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to assembling and testing ampoules, and associated systems, devices, and methods. Each ampoule can include a body portion configured to carry a marking material within an interior of the body portion, and a base portion configured to couple to the body portion to seal the interior of the body portion. The ampoules can be assembled and/or tested in an inverted orientation. In the inverted orientation, the ampoule can include a gap between the marking material and the base portion. For example, the ampoule can be positioned within a leak detection system and the ampoule's gap can be aligned with one or more leak detection components configured to analyze the gap for leak-related indicia.

Abstract: A system and method of locating a target and presenting the location via augmented reality. The inventive subject matter includes a projectile that can transmit information including location information to other computing devices. These computing devices can then use the location information to determine the relative location of the projectile relative to the computing device and generate a visual representation of the location of the projectile on an augmented reality display such that the location of the target is overlaid over a real-world view through the display.

Abstract: An electrically disruptive projectile for use with a firearm can include a body defining a cavity. The cavity may be filled with an electrically disruptive powder, including conductive, superconductive, triboelectric, and/or piezoelectric materials. The electrically disruptive powder may be secured in the cavity by a cover or film in an opening of the cavity, and is positioned to disperse into a target upon penetration through an exterior of the target. The electrically disruptive powder may create new electrical pathways and signals in the target.

Abstract: A less-lethal projectile include a rear portion and a front portion. The rear portion can be a base member having a head, a waist, and a skirt configured to obturate a rifled barrel bore of an airgun. The front portion can be a hollow cylindrical cap sealingly engaged with the head such that the cap and the base member define an interior cavity in which a payload is received. The cap can include a plurality of fins and grooves configured to stabilize the projectile during flight toward a target and open without shattering the cap to release the payload from the cavity upon impact of the projectile with the target.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paintball projectile comprising a front portion and a body portion, which body portion comprises a side wall. The paintball projectile comprises a body component, which is a single piece forming outer surfaces of the front portion and the side wall, a closed cavity in the interior volume of the front portion, a fill in the closed cavity, and a middle component in the interior volume of the body component, the middle component having a first side and a second side. The first side of the middle component is facing the closed cavity, and the projectile further comprises a barrier layer on the second side of the middle component. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing paintball projectile.

Abstract: The conformable pyrolant includes a fluorocarbon liquid, a fluorocarbon powder, and a micron size powdered aluminum bound together with a binder system that includes polyisobutylene and colloidal silicon dioxide. The conformable pyrolant is capable of achieving temperatures on the order 10,000° F., which will breach an ordnance item and thermally decompose an insensitive explosive fill. The conformable pyrolant also includes tungsten, wherein tungsten and silicon dioxide oxidize into fluorinated compounds, therein extending the burn and gasifying, therein enhancing ebullition and volume in general. The versatile conformable format is capable of being shaped into geometries for inclusion in ordnance items or molded into configurations for disposal of insensitive munitions.

Abstract: A projectile configured to illuminate upon impact with a target following a launch event. A launch sensor is configured to cause a processor to transition from a sleep state to a working state in response to a launch event. The processor then provides electrical power to an accelerometer. The accelerometer detects the rotation and/or the deceleration of the projectile to determine if the projectile has been launched, is rotating as expected, and has impacted an object within a predetermined time. Responsive to determining that the rotation and/or deceleration thresholds have been met, the processor is configured to provide electrical power to one or more of the plurality of illumination elements.

Abstract: Spotter ammunition projectiles adapted to be fired from a firearm, methods for making spotter ammunition projectiles, and spotter ammunition cartridges including spotter ammunition projectiles are provided. In one example, a spotter ammunition projectile includes a projectile body section extending in a distal direction to a body distal end portion. A projectile ogive is coupled to the body distal end portion and has an outer ogive surface that tapers in the distal direction towards a shoulder. The projectile ogive includes a post that is disposed adjacent to the shoulder and that extends therefrom in the distal direction. An ogive nose cap is disposed adjacent to the shoulder and covers the post. The post and the ogive nose cap are cooperatively configured to define a cavity therebetween. A pyrotechnic spotter composition is disposed in the cavity.

Abstract: A lightweight projectile having an integrated metal band positioned around the exterior of the polymer base of the projectile. The metal band may be a driving band that protrudes from the polymer base to minimize the contact between the polymer base and the rifling to reduce friction between the barrel and the projectile as the projectile is fired. The lightweight projectile may be propelled with less propellant force than conventional projectiles of the same caliber while still retaining the ballistic advantages of a spin stabilized projectile.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to ammunition rounds for training purposes. Specifically, the training munitions disclosed herein contain special properties rendering them visible by day, by night and through the use of thermal imagery while maintaining safety protocols and otherwise normal usage properties without requiring the outer shell to deform or destruct to initiate the signal properties.

Abstract: A projectile launching system can include a projectile launcher and a projectile. The projectile launcher can include at least one barrel, a projectile, a firing pin mechanism, an activator, and a power system. The barrel can extend along a longitudinal axis between first and second ends, with an exit port at the second end. The projectile can be positioned in the barrel and include primer, propellant, and a sub-projectile. The firing pin mechanism can be selectively project into the barrel to engage the primer, whereby the propellant is ignited and the projectile is launched out of the barrel. The activator can be engaged with the firing pin mechanism and engageable by a user to control the firing pin mechanism. The power system can rotate the barrel or the projectile as the firing pin mechanism is projecting into the barrel and engaging the primer of the projectile.

Abstract: A case is formed of a side wall with a front and rear end having a base. A projectile is formed of a side wall with a front end having a shaped section and a rear end with a base. The projectile is positioned within the case with the rear end of the projectile spaced from the rear end of the case to form a rearward chamber. A firing assembly includes a charge within the rearward chamber and a firing means. An illumining assembly is positioned within the projectile and includes a source of illumination. An electrical assembly includes a printed circuit board, a sensor, a timer, a battery, a controller, and a receiver to illuminate the sources of illumination following igniting the charge to activate the sensor and passage of time as determined by the timer.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing one-way luminescent projectiles includes providing projectiles each including a body having a nose and a trailing end including a perimeter edge and a rear surface, and that is symmetrical about an axis that extends centrally through the body from the nose to the rear surface, securing the projectiles in a nose down, trailing end up orientation leaving the rear surfaces exposed, depositing a quantity of a hardenable photoluminescent material centrally on each rear surface, the quantities being identical and hardening over a period of time, and maintaining the projectiles in the nose down, trailing end up orientation during the period of time such that each quantity of photoluminescent material forms an identical solid photoluminescent body adhered to the respective rear surface, that is concentric with, and extends outwardly no further than, the perimeter edge, and radially symmetrical relative to the axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a construction method for improved tracer ammunition production. There is provided a method of forming a component for a round, said method comprising the step of causing said component to be drawn through at least one floating die.

Abstract: A projectile with a projectile casing and at least one pyrotechnic charge incorporated in the projectile casing is proposed, wherein the projectile has an open projectile base with a destructible membrane and the pyrotechnic charge burns away at a defined rate during the flight of the projectile, and so the projectile loses mass in such a way that a predetermined effective range is not exceeded. As a result, safety and a nonlethal effect are achieved, in particular outside the effective range.

Abstract: A lightweight projectile having an integrated driving band positioned around the exterior of the polymer base of the projectile for engaging the filing of a barrel to impart spin stabilization to the projectile. The driving band protrudes from the polymer base to minimize the contact between the polymer base and the rifling to reduce friction between the barrel and the projectile as the projectile is fired. The reduced friction allows the lightweight projectile to be propelled with minimal propellant force while still retaining the ballistic advantages of a spin stabilized projectile.

Abstract: In an ammunition training round having a crushable nose section, a flash system which makes an impact more visible to the user in the air or on land when the round hits a ground target. In place of a fuze ignition, the flash system utilizes incendiary energetic pellets comprising ignition pellets which burst in flames when impacted. The round may also have a nose area with a lower portion plastic plug and an upper portion fuze ogive containing the ignition pellets so that when the round impacts the ground at an angle, the upper portion of the nose area snaps off and exposes its ignition pellets to ignite from the impact.

Abstract: A jacketed tracer projectile intended for small-caliber and medium-caliber weapons includes a metal core including a tracer device, in particular in the form of a pyrotechnic tracer charge, disposed inside a cavity in the metal core in the rear part of the projectile. The cavity is designed to prevent the tracer device from becoming separated from the cavity during the discharge phase of the tracer projectile. The cross-sectional area of the cavity is typically polygonal. A method for the application of the tracer device in the tracer projectile is also provided.

Abstract: An electronic tracking system for obtaining geographic or other information about a targeted object from deployed ordnance. Ordnance can be delivered from any suitable weapon or weapons system, including hand-held or artillery guns, manned or unmanned aircraft, etc. The ordnance can be substantially any projectile targeted at a human, animal or other object. Once deployed, the ordnance can provide a variety of information about location, the target, the shooter, or the ordnance itself. Such information can be transmitted at any suitable interval, even time-delayed or upon a condition. Preferably, the system also contains a receiver to receive the transmitted information. Once received, the information can be then provided to users in any appropriate fashion.

Abstract: A round for a magnetically chambered air gun has a magnetically influenced portion and a non-magnetically responsive portion, as well as an exterior shell and an interior. The interior may be hollow, solid, or filled with liquid. Any part of the invention may be the magnetically responsive portion: the shell, the interior, the solid or liquid core and so on. The round may advantageously be spherical, and may include an actual magnet itself as opposed to merely being magnetically responsive. Magnetic materials may be impregnated into a non-magnetic portion such as a plastic shell. The shell may be of multiple part construction with a snap together design.

Abstract: A payload dispersion system for a non-lethal projectile including a resilient layer and a marker packet having a hollow body including a lower surface, at least a partial opening centrally disposed, an upper surface, a volume formed by the lower surface, the at least a partial opening and the upper surface and a payload contained within the volume. The upper surface of the marker packet includes a wall and at least one weakened portion within the wall. The lower surface of the marker packet contacts an upper surface of the resilient layer.

Abstract: A lightweight projectile having an integrated driving band positioned around the exterior of the polymer base of the projectile for engaging the rifling of a barrel to impart spin stabilization to the projectile. The driving band protrudes from the polymer base to minimize the contact between the polymer base and the rifling to reduce friction between the barrel and the projectile as the projectile is fired. The reduced friction allows the lightweight projectile to be propelled with minimal propellant force while still retaining the ballistic advantages of a spin stabilized projectile.

Abstract: A marking projectile configured to be fired through the barrel of a firearm having rifling formed therein is provided. The marking projectile includes a polymeric base portion configured to engage the rifling of the barrel and a polymeric front shell portion coupled to the base portion. The polymeric front shell portion has a cavity formed therein for housing a marking compound and a structure configured to deform on impact and thereby release the marking compound. The marking projectile includes a metallic annular sealing component (e.g., a crimped metal ring) configured to seal the polymeric front shell portion to the polymeric base portion.

Abstract: A biodegradable BB pellet includes an organic material and an inorganic material. Therein, the organic material includes a main ingredient polybutylene-1,4-succinate, while the inorganic material is selected from pulvis talci powder, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, mica powder, and zinc powder. The manufacturing method of the present invention is mixing the organic material and the inorganic material into a mixture, and processing the mixture orderly through injection molding, grinding, waxing and polishing. Thereby, the present invention is degradable by the environment and prevented from polluting environment. Also, due to the properties of better toughness, flexibility, and higher heat tolerance, the present invention is prevented from bursting to hurt other people and deforming during long-distance transportation.

Abstract: A covert taggant dispersing grenade includes: a shell, the covert taggant disposed in the shell; a dispersal apparatus operably associated with the covert taggant to disperse the covert taggant; and a propulsion section operably associated with the shell for propelling the shell through an atmosphere. A method for dispersing a taggant includes: launching a grenade containing a taggant over a target, the taggant being invisible in the spectrum of the human eye; and covertly dispensing the taggant over the target.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention is a chemiluminescent system, including: an oxalate system, including: (a) at least one oxalate ester, (b) at least one first solvent selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzoates, dialkyl phthalates, trialkyl acetylcitrates, 2-acetyloxy isobutyrates, paraffinic liquids, isoparaffinic liquids, toluene, nitroethane, and a combination thereof, (c) at least one second solvent selected from the group consisting of: dialkyl malonates, dialkyl dialkylmalonates, dialkyl arylalkylmalonates, dialkyl succinates, dialkyl glutarates, dialkyl adipates, dialkyl pimelates, dialkyl polyalkylmalonates and a combination thereof, (d) at least one fluorescer, and (e) at least one inorganic salt, and an activator system, including: (a) at least one peroxide, (b) at least one third solvent, (c) at least one fourth solvent, and (d) at least one catalyst.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the instant invention provides a chemiluminescent system, including: an oxalate system, including: (a) at least one oxalate ester in an amount ranging from 3 to 60 percent by weight based on a total weight of the oxalate system, (b) at least one first solvent selected from the group consisting of: alkyl benzoates, dialkyl phthalates, trialkyl acetylcitrates, 2-acetyloxy isobutyrates, paraffinic liquids, isoparaffinic liquids, toluene, nitroethane, in an amount ranging from 10 to 97 percent by weight based on the total weight of the oxalate system, (c) at least one second solvent is selected from the group consisting of: dialkyl malonates, dialkyl dialkylmalonates, dialkyl arylalkylmalonates, dialkyl succinates, dialkyl glutarates, dialkyl adipates, dialkyl pimelates, dialkyl polyalkylmalonates, (d) at least one fluorescer, and (e) at least one inorganic salt in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight based on the total weight of the oxalate system.

Abstract: A covert taggant dispersing grenade includes: a shell, the covert taggant disposed in the shell; a dispersal apparatus operably associated with the covert taggant to disperse the covert taggant; and a propulsion section operably associated with the shell for propelling the shell through an atmosphere. A method for dispersing a taggant includes: launching a grenade containing a taggant over a target, the taggant being invisible in the spectrum of the human eye; and covertly dispensing the taggant over the target.

Abstract: An ammunition assembly comprising a body having an interior chamber between leading and trailing ends, and a nose portion is attached to the leading end. An ejectable payload is disposed in the chamber. An ejectable payload is disposed in the marking chamber. A pusher, adjacent to the nose and interior chamber, is axially moveable into the interior chamber to push the payload rearwardly out of the body's trailing end. An aft cover is connected to the trailing end and retains the payload in the body until the nose impacts a target. The aft cover is separable from the body when the pusher ejects the payload out the trailing end portion when the nose impacts the target so the ejected payload marks the target without being obscured by the body or the target after impact.

Abstract: According to the invention, the marking device has a shape of revolution and comprises a casing (1) with a conical bottom (8) closed off by an obturator (2), fixed in a sealed manner to said casing (1). Inside said marking device there is a block (15) of compacted marking product.

Abstract: A chemiluminescent tracer insert with decelerator for use with a shotgun shell to provide an aiming and training aid for shotgun shooting activities, including skeet, trap, sporting clays, hunting, law enforcement and military applications. The tracer insert can be used in shotgun shells of all gauges. The tracer insert comprises a translucent, resilient, elastic, cylindrical container in which the reactants, an oxalate and fluorescent-colored dye solution, and an activator encased in a glass vessel, are held. Ignition of the shell causes the glass vessel to break. The resulting chemiluminescent reaction causes emission of light visible to the shooter. Unattached ends of thin-flaps on the tracer insert extend outwardly when drag forces act upon them during flight, slowing the speed of the tracer insert, which makes it more visible to the shooter, thereby providing a consistent reference to enable a shooter to make corrections to his lead and/or shooting techniques.

Abstract: A fill material is for use within a closed interior chamber of a gelatin paintball capsule. The fill material includes a polyethylene glycol and an oil. Each one of the polyethylene glycol and the oil is present in a respective amount that is substantially less than about 90% by weight of the fill material. The fill material additionally includes at least a first additive that is selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier, a dye, a density agent, a thickener, and a surfactant. Preferably, a starch may be used as the density agent, as the emulsifier, and/or as the thickener. Suitable starches may include corn starch, rice starch, potato starch, modified starch, and combinations thereof, among others.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved colorant compositions that are suitable for encapsulation in an impact-rupturable casing that is adapted for intact projectile motion and rupture upon contact with a target surface. In many embodiments, the colorant compositions comprise (a) a carrier comprising: (i) a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester; and (ii) a polyol ester; and (b) a colorant. The colorant compositions are useful in paint balls for use in conjunction with projectile devices, such as paint ball markers.

Abstract: The present invention describes a projectile (100,100a,100b,100c,100d) containing two luminescent dye components (123,125) and a dye powder (126). The first luminescent dye component (123) is contained in an ampoule (122) while the second luminescent dye component is contained in a vial (124) disposed inside the ampoule (122). A front crusher (120,120a) is provided at a front of the ampoule to crush into the ampoule and vial, thereby allowing the dye components to react and give a luminous glow. Upon impact at a target, a nose cap (110) of the projectile (100,100a,100b,100c,100d) breaks and a rear crusher (130) behind the ampoule throws the ampoule (122) forward and sputters the luminous dye out of the nose cap (110); at the same time, the dye powder (126) surrounding the ampoule is sputtered out to mark the point of impact. In addition, a thermal glow is also provided to mark the point of impact. Projectiles also allow light tracing.

Abstract: An aerodynamic projectile is provided having a shell with an aerodynamic structure and a controlled center of gravity, and which exhibits improved aerodynamics and resulting accuracy, and which is suitable for less lethal uses. The projectile shell has a closed front cavity housing a payload, such as a marking agent, therein. The projectile shell also has an open rear portion to provide access to the open rear cavity, and to decrease the weight of the projectile and appropriately locate the center of gravity. The projectile shell also includes a plurality of fins on a sidewall member to enhance the accuracy of the projectile.

Abstract: A lightweight projectile having an integrated driving band positioned around the exterior of the polymer base of the projectile for engaging the rifling of a barrel to impart spin stabilization to the projectile. The driving band protrudes from the polymer base to minimize the contact between the polymer base and the rifling to reduce friction between the barrel and the projectile as the projectile is fired. The reduced friction allows the lightweight projectile to be propelled with minimal propellant force while still retaining the ballistic advantages of a spin stabilized projectile.

Abstract: A training ammunition projectile has a solid chemical component disposed in a base compartment that produces a gaseous visible plume after impact. The ammunition cartridge generates kinetic energy while propelling the projectile through a weapon barrel. This firing process imparts heat into a projectiles driving band. When the projectile is in flight, heat passes from the projectile's driving band into a compartment in the projectile housing the chemical component. When the component is exposed to increasing heat and low pressure, the it undergoes rapid sublimation. The projectile is configured with a vent opening in its base for emergence of the gaseous plume during flight. The opening is preferably capped to allow for stable storage and to prevent any gas from escaping until the projectile is fired.

Abstract: A projectile includes an ogive at a forward end and a projectile body removably coupled to an aft end of the ogive. A signal dye or a filler material is located within a first cavity in the projectile, wherein the first cavity is at least partially located within the ogive. A pyrophoric material is also located within the first cavity, wherein the pyrophoric material is hermetically sealed either within or by the first cavity.

Abstract: A system includes an incomplete cartridge for a firearm and a field-selectable capsule for the cartridge. The capsule contains a product that may tag a person for tracing, induce sleep, cause disease, or have other effects. Capsules are preferably removably adhered to a strip with each strip of capsules potentially serving a different purpose. The incomplete cartridge includes a bullet that has an opening at the payload end. The opening receives and retains a capsule upon insertion. The capsule is made of a frangible material that releases the product upon impact. The capsule may be formed with a snap-in ridge extending from its exterior wall, which snaps into a complementary recess in the bullet opening. Alternatively, the capsule may be coated with a contact adhesive so that it sticks to the bullet wall defining the opening. A peel-off covering atop the strip shields the contact adhesive from contamination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to munitions employed for training and tactical purposes. Specifically, the present invention relates to training munitions (e.g., training rounds) used with various weapons (e.g., grenade launchers), wherein each training round includes a projectile that contains a pyrophoric payload that is released into the environment and reacts with air, upon impact of the projectile with an impact site. The reaction of the pyrophoric payload with air creates a signal that can be observed from a distance, thereby marking the landing or impact site of the projectile after it has been fired from a weapon.

Abstract: A liquid missile for being projected from a launching device which includes a liquid charge combined with a non-rigid flight integrity component. The flight integrity component allows the liquid charge to be launched at increased speeds and distances by inhibiting substantial break-up of the liquid charge during flight.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to propellant gas initiation of a non-pyrotechnic projectile tracer. In some embodiments, cartridge-propellant gasses act upon a piston to break a frangible chemiluminescent liquid chemical ampoule to initiate a luminous reaction independently of and prior to any projectile motion. The piston may be a distinct piston, a separate component functioning as a piston, or the overall tracer container acting in the manner of a piston. Embodiments of the disclosure are applicable to direct-fire ammunition ranging from small arms through large caliber main battle tank ammunition.

Abstract: A bullet or slug for hunting a game animal is fitted with a capsule that contains an effective quantity of a blood trail enhancer. The latter is composed of fish oil and apple cider vinegar together with effective amounts of natural anti-coagulant agents, such as ginger, onion, and garlic. The fish oil and apple cider vinegar also serve as anti-coagulants. These agents including also are effective in promoting healing of a non-fatal wound in a game animal.

Abstract: The present invention describes a projectile (100, 100a,100b,100c,100d) containing two luminescent dye components (123,125) and a dye powder (126). The first luminescent dye component (123) is contained in an ampoule (122) whilst the second luminescent dye component is contained in a vial (124) disposed inside the ampoule (122). A front crusher (120,120a) is provided at a front of the ampoule to crush into the ampoule and vial, thereby allowing the dye components to react and give a luminous glow. Upon impact at a target, a nose cap (110) of the projectile (100,100a,100b,100c,100d) breaks and a rear crusher (130) behind the ampoule throws the ampoule (122) forward and sputters the luminous dye out of the nose cap (110); at the same time, the dye powder (126) surrounding the ampoule is sputtered out to mark the point of impact. In addition, a thermal glow is also provided to mark the point of impact. Projectiles also allow light tracing.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a H2O2-decomposition catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a peroxyoxalate catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition and the activator composition are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition, the activator composition, the peroxyoxalate catalyst, and/or the H2O2-decomposition catalyst are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for initiating the chemiluminescent compositions and/or the chemiluminescent systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a H2O2-decomposition catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a peroxyoxalate catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition and the activator composition are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition, the activator composition, the peroxyoxalate catalyst, and/or the H2O2-decomposition catalyst are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for initiating the chemiluminescent compositions and/or the chemiluminescent systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing irritants or warfare agents includes a container having an interior for providing an irritant or warfare agent, which is dissolved or emulsified in a solution gas in its liquefied state of aggregation, which solution gas is in gaseous condition at room temperature and atmospheric pressure or ambient pressure. In addition, the container has at least one predetermined breaking point for producing an opening of the interior to the surroundings of the container at a predefined bursting pressure in the interior, and the apparatus further includes a pressure generator which can generate an increased pressure in the interior of the container that is greater than the bursting pressure of the at least one predetermined breaking point.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for fitting a normally non-explosive containing projectile with a spotting charge. A spotting charge capsule is inserted into an opening in the front of a projectile. The opening may be made by removing part of the nose of the projectile and making a shaped opening for inserting the spotting charge capsule. The spotting charge capsule includes an opening at its front and a bore behind the opening leading to a cavity for holding an explosive mixture, usually one or more pressed incendiary pellets. The opening and bore together form a venturi, or venturi-like, tube. The tube ends short of the cavity leaving only a thin wall between the bore and the explosive. On impact on soft media, such as dirt, sand or mud, the soft media will enter the tube and shear the thin wall, creating a high speed flier plate that ignites the explosive mixture.

Abstract: A multiple-part marking system that comprises at least one first part comprising at least one oxalate ester, at least one fluorescer, and at least one inorganic salt chosen from sodium thiosulphate, potassium thiosulphate, cobalt acetate, copper acetate, lead acetate, cupric chloride, ferric chloride, calcium iodide, potassium iodide, and silver nitrate; and at least one second part comprising at least one peroxide and at least one catalyst chosen from sodium salicylate, lithium salicylate, 5-chlorolithium salicylate, triazoles (e.g., 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole), substituted triazoles (e.g., substituted 1,2,3-triazole and substituted 1,2,4-triazole), imidazoles, and substituted imidazoles. Light and heat are emitted when the two parts interact.