Abstract: A firearm projectile includes a central section, a forward or leading section, and a rear or trailing section. A step down is provided between the central section and the trailing section such that the cross sectional area of the trailing section is less than the cross sectional area of the central section. In addition the trailing section is provided with a cavity that is open about the back of the trailing section. The cavity includes a forward section and rearward section. Forming the part of the forward section is a forward wall that terminates in the trailing section short of the central section. The rearward section of the cavity flares outwardly with respect to the forward section. Furthermore the rearward portion of the rearward section of the cavity forms a part of an annular flare ring that extends around the outer portion of the back of the trailing section.

Abstract: A round of ammunition for firing from a gun having a rifled barrel, especially a small arms weapon. The projectile (1) forming a part of the round is of steel or other material having a Vickers Hardness value not less than 550, and has a coating (13) of copper or copper alloy. The projectile has a forward body portion (9) which has a diameter similar to that of the lands of the rifling, and a rearward body portion (3) having a diameter which is similar to the diameter defined by the roots of the rifling grooves. The coating (13) is of a thickness not less than the depth of the said rifling grooves, so that the rifling engraves the coating but does not significantly engrave the underlying steel or other hard material. The advantages associated with a hard projectile material are thus obtained without substantially increasing barrel wear.

Abstract: A plated hallow point bullet has a metallic plating which completely encapsulates a metallic core. A core precursor is formed having a nose compartment. A metallic coating is applied to the precursor to completely encapsulate the precursor. The coated precursor is mechanically deformed without breaching the coating.

Abstract: An ammunition projectile comprising a metal jacket containing a powder-based core incompletely filling the trailing end of the jacket, and a disc overlying the trailing end of the core within the jacket, the disc being frangible by reason of a plurality of indentations in at least one face of the disc. A method is claimed.

Abstract: A projectile 10 for gun ammunition of a size not greater than 50 caliber comprising a solid metal jacket 82 of generally cup-shaped geometry and having a closed end 102 and an open end 88, a core 84 formed from a mixture of metal powders, not including lead, which mixture is cold-pressed into a self-supporting compact and disposed within said jacket, the core incompletely filling the jacket, an ogive 14 having an outer surface and defined on the initially open end of said jacket, and a conical tip 122 defined on the distal end 118 of said ogive, the tip having an outer surface 22 which defines an angle with respect to the longitudinal centerline 24 of the projectile that is greater than the angle defined by the ogive with respect to the longitudinal centerline of the projectile. A method is disclosed.

Abstract: A small arms projectile for an increase in accuracy, incapacitation effects, and penetration of light material targets. The projectile includes a monolithic heat-treated steel core with a plated on jacket for strong adherence. A swaged or machined cannelure groove to provide a secure interface with conventional cartridge cases, support operation in semi-automatic and full automatic firearms, and a consistent shot start is also provided. An aero-ballistic efficient nose for increasing the projectile's ballistic coefficient and dynamically adapting to soft and hard targets and light material in a novel manner is also provided.

Abstract: An ammunition device (4) comprising one or more warhead effect jackets (17), each jacket containing warhead effect elements (18). The ammunition device also incorporates one or more explosive compositions arranged inside each warhead effect jacket that in or close to the target is/are triggerable by means of a triggering device. One or more separation charges is/are arranged adjacent to each warhead effect jacket that when actuated cause removel of one or more said warhead effect jacket(s). The actuation devices incorporate or interact with a programming device that operates with a first mode that can be an initial mode in which the actuation devices remain non-actuated, and a second mode in which the programming device actuates the actuation devices for initiating the separation charges, thereby causing ejection of each warhead effect jacket concerned.

Abstract: A plated hollow-point bullet has a metallic plating which completely encapsulates a metallic core. A core precursor is formed having a nose compartment with an inwardly extending cavity. A metallic coating is applied to the precursor to completely encapsulate the precursor. The coated precursor is mechanically deformed by grooves formed along a surface of the cavity without breaching the coating.

Abstract: An ammunition projectile comprising a metal jacket containing a powder-based core incompletely filling the trailing end of the jacket, and a disc overlying the trailing end of the core within the jacket, the disc being frangible by reason of a plurality of indentations in at least one face of the disc. A method is claimed.

Abstract: An ammunition device (4) comprising one or more warhead effect jackets (17), each jacket containing warhead effect elements (18). The ammunition device also incorporates one or more explosive compositions arranged inside each warhead effect jacket that in or close to the target is/are triggerable by means of a triggering device. One or more separation charges is/are arranged adjacent to each warhead effect jacket that when actuated cause removel of one or more said warhead effect jacket(s). The actuation devices incorporate or interact with a programming device that operates with a first mode in which the actuation devices remain non-actuated, and a second mode in which the programming device actuates the actuation devices for initiating the separation charges, thereby causing ejection of each warhead effect jacket concerned.

Abstract: A hydraulic cylinder projectile assures radial expansion of the projectile upon impact at low velocity with a target. A hydraulic cylinder insert is disposed in an axial central bore of a projectile body. The hydraulic cylinder insert has a closed leading end, and a compression ram element is disposed in the leading end of the insert. Liquid is disposed in the cylinder aft of the compression ram element. The hydraulic cylinder insert and projectile and the method of producing the same are described and claimed.

Abstract: A frangible projectile for gun ammunition wherein the projectile includes a core formed from one or more metal powders which are pressed into a self-supporting compact and incorporated into a metal jacket. The metal jacket is initially cup-shaped (generally cylindrical in overall geometry) with an open end and a closed end. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention the closed end of the jacket becomes the trailing end of the projectile. In another embodiment, the closed end of the jacket becomes the leading end of the projectile. In either embodiment, that surface of the closed end of the jacket which faces inwardly of the volume of the jacket is indented and stressed over substantially its entire area in accordance with a pattern which enhances the frangibility of this closed end of the projectile when the projectile strikes a target.

Abstract: Jacketed firearms projectile having a jacket thickness less than approximately 0.025 inches thick are described, where the density of the projectile core has been selected so that the jacketed projectile has a weight that is at least substantially the same as a reference firearms projectile, such as a lead projectile, having substantially the same size and shape. In one aspect, the projectile is a frangible projectile. In another aspect, the projectile is lead-free. In yet another aspect, the projectile is incorporated in a cartridge. Methods for forming the projectile and forming cartridges containing the projectiles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bullet having a tapered nose and a cylindrical base. The base is provided with an annular groove having a diameter less than the bore diameter of the barrel of the gun from which it is fired to reduce the force required to move the bullet through the barrel to increase the muzzle velocity and kinetic energy of the bullet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a jacketed projectile (100), comprising a tungsten carbide hard core (5) on the front side and an centered, interlocking soft core (8) placed on the hard core (5). A closed air space (6) is located between the front area (5a) of the hard core (5) and the tip of the projectile (4). This projectile configuration provides a very high penetration potential and good dynamic and ballistic properties, enabling the inventive projectiles to be used as munition for police snipers, especially to hit targets located behind a glass.

Abstract: A penetrator and method of making same are disclosed. The penetrator includes a tungsten ballast and a steel casing having a bore sized to fit the tungsten ballast therein. Copper and silver coatings are provided on mating surfaces of the tungsten ballast and the steel casing. The tungsten ballast is fitted within the bore of the steel casing to form an assembly, and the assembly is pressurized at a pressure and temperature sufficient to form a low temperature solid state diffusion bond between the tungsten ballast and the steel casing. The bond temperature is below the final tempering temperature of the steel casing and the melting temperatures of the silver and copper. This process allows bonds to be produced on steels in their fully heat treated condition.

Abstract: A mushrooming bullet having a highly improved performance in the retention of the lead core within the bullet jacket subsequent to impact, and in performing effectively over a substantially wider velocity range, the bullet retaining its lead core within its jacket substantially 98-100% of its firings at high velocities, and mushrooming more effectively at lower velocities than conventionally manufactured bullets. The jacket is characterized by a base portion which has a substantially larger interior diameter than its shank portion, and a mouth portion which is substantially softer than its shank portion. The mushrooming of the nose portion of the core and the mouth portion of the jacket is effectively arrested by the harder thick shank portion when the bullet strikes a target, and thereby minimizes the loss of lead from the core.

Abstract: A spin-stabilized projectile adapted to be fired from a weapon barrel, includes a projectile body having a length dimension, a rear length portion, an ogive-shaped front length portion and an intermediate length portion situated between the rear and front length portions; a metal guide band circumferentially mounted on the projectile body; and an undercut provided circumferentially in the intermediate length portion to define an annular chamber with an inner surface of the weapon barrel during travel of the projectile in the weapon barrel upon firing for effecting a pressure equalization of propellant gases flowing past the metal guide band to center the projectile within the weapon barrel.

Abstract: A composite shot for shot shells includes a ferrous metal core and a non-toxic coating having a density greater than that of lead. The overall density of the shot is at least as great as that of lead.

Abstract: A method of marking bullets and bullets marked by the method are described. In one embodiment, the method comprises coating the bullet of a cartridge with at least one coating material whose surface appearance contrasts with the surface appearance of the underlying bullet material. Characters are then selectively etched in, and generally substantially through, the coating, such as molybdenum disulfide. The characters are easily and quickly recognized because of the contrast between the surface appearances of the coating and that of the underlying material. The characters typically, but not necessarily, indicate characteristics of the bullet, such as bullet weight and design features.

Abstract: Shot having a lead or lead alloy core is sealed from the outside by at least one non-toxic layer which protects the environment from lead waste toxicity and which includes an abhorrent material to act as a repellant for preventing or deterring birds from ingesting or swallowing the shot.

Abstract: A lead free ferromagnetic article is disclosed. The article is a compacted composite having a heavy more dense constituent that is preferably ferrotungsten and a less dense second constituent that is either a metal alloy or a polymer. The ferromagnetic constituent is present in an amount sufficient to impart the article with ferromagnetism. The ferromagnetic property allows fragments of the article, such as a projectile, bullet or shaped charge liner to be separated from dirt or other environments.

Abstract: A bullet comprises a lead sheet and a zinc foil fixed to the lead sheet, the sheet and foil being rolled and pressure formed into a bullet having generally helical layers of the lead sheet and zinc foil. The bullet exhibits an improved environmental impact on soil, relative to all-lead bullets.

Abstract: A non-toxic highly frangible training round bullet, and a method of making same, in which a plurality of segments of non-toxic metal selected from a group including zinc, iron, steel and copper are grouped or arranged within pressure-molding equipment and sufficient pressure is applied thereto to cause such segments to inter-engage and cohere, one to another, while being formed into a desired shape of bullet and retaining their individuality at least to a limited extent. Upon impact with a target, such a bullet fragments to a large extent along at least some of the original physical boundary lines of the original segments into new segments which are relatively small as compared to the size of the original segments. There is no substantial ricocheting or "bounce-back" activity associated with such fragmentation and, of course, there are no toxic effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly accurate core bullet with a massive core (2) and a jacket (1) for a fire arm. The core (2) extends over the entire length of the bullet and has a diameter along at least the largest portion of its length which is significantly smaller than the outside diameter of the finished bullet (1). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such bullet by making a bullet blank (7) wherein the shank (4) and the most forward portion of the nose-end (3) are machined to finish size; by making the jacket blank (8) and attaching the same to the shank (4) of the core blank (7), wherein the jacket blank (8) has an oversized diameter and engages in a formfitting manner with the core blank (7) at a circular step (5) and, if necessary, at a shoulder at the rear head (6); and securing the bullet blank so made between turning centers and machining the final bullet contour with high precision centered with respect to the core.

Abstract: The invention relates to shot pellets for hunting in wet marshlands or corresponding wet areas. The shot has an inner core of copper or copper alloy and an outer layer of silver or silver alloy. No heavy metal will leach from the shot into the environmental surroundings, and the shot has no toxic effect on birds, even should they ingest a considerable quantity of shot. The shot is produced by granulating copper or copper alloy electrochemically to obtain shot cores, whereafter at least one layer is applied thereto. The outer layer always consists of silver or a silver alloy.

Abstract: The projectile is made of a virtually lead free steel alloy containing tellurium. This projectile is more environmentally safe compared to conventional lead bullets. The tellurium in combination with a small amount of lead provides a steel alloy having a high machinability and good lubrication properties, thus reducing frictional wear inside a rifle bore when the bullet is passed therethrough. Additionally, a thin anticorrosive coating may be applied on the bullet. The coating may comprise a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc and nickel. An additional lubricating coating comprising polytetrafluoroethylene may also be applied on the projectile. The projectile has a grooved guide section that is permitted to be deformed by the rifle bore without destroying the rifle bore when the projectile is fired in a rifle.

Abstract: A soft nose, bonded lead core bullet for rifles and pistols and a method of making the bullets is disclosed. The bullets have a Jacket of copper based material with a solid base portion and an upper nose portion having a cavity in which the lead core is located and bonded to the walls of the cavity. The walls of the cavity decrease in width away from the base and curves inwardly to form an ogive shape. The jacket increases in hardness and strength from the upper end of the cylindrical wall to the base of the bullet. The cylindrical wall has an outer lip between 0.012 and 0.020 inches wide and the ratio of the lip thickness to the bottom cavity wall thickness is about 0.18-0.20 for rifle bullets and about 0.3-0.4 for pistol bullets.

Abstract: A soft nose, bonded lead core bullet for rifles and pistols and a method of making the bullets is disclosed. The bullets have a jacket of copper based material with a solid base portion and an upper nose portion having a cavity in which the lead core is located and bonded to the walls of the cavity. The walls of the cavity decrease in width away from the base and curves inwardly to form an ogive shape. The jacket increases in hardness and strength from the upper end of the cylindrical wall to the base of the bullet. The cylindrical wall has an outer lip between 0.012 and 0.020 inches wide and the ratio of the lip thickness to the bottom cavity wall thickness is about 0.18-0.20 for rifle bullets and about 0.3-0.4 for pistol bullets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for mechanically plating small arms projectiles with a particulate plating metal to form jacketed small arms projectiles. The process comprises agitating a slurry comprising the small arms projectiles, an aqueous solution of a strong acid, a plating agent and the particulate plating metal, thereby producing a jacketed small arms projectile having improved lubricity characteristics and in less time than prior art methods employing electrodeposition to form the jacketed small arms projectiles.

Abstract: A firearm bullet, at least a major portion of which is formed of a one-piece element having a continuous all-metal structure primarily made up of bismuth or a bismuth alloy.

Abstract: A full metal jacket hollow point bullet is disclosed which has a portion of the jacket extending within the hollow open front end of the bullet. The portion of the jacket in the hollow front end has a plurality of radial slits and reinforced pointed prongs therebetween. A rearwardly extending completely empty blind bore extends from the tips of the prongs axially rearwardly into the bullet core. The base of each of the prongs is reinforced at the mouth of the front end by a fillet on each side between the ogive portion of the jacket and the base of the prong in the hollow front end. These prongs project generally radially outward upon upset of the bullet in soft tissue after passing through barrier materials such as clothing and deer hide.The jacket has a coating of copper oxide on its inner and outer surfaces which bonds the soft lead core to the jacket and minimizes lead wash.

Abstract: The invention relates to shot pellets for hunting wild game, particularly birds on wet marshlands. The pellets are also suitable for clay pigeon shooting on organized skeet ranges. The shot pellets have an inner core comprised of lead or lead alloy, and an outer layer of silver or silver alloy. The shot pellets are not influenced, or only slightly influenced by a strong hydrochloric acid environment, therewith greatly eliminating the risk of lead leaching from the pellets. The shot pellets are produced by coating shot pellet cores of lead or lead alloy electrochemically with at least one layer, wherein the outermost layer is always comprised of silver or a silver alloy.

Abstract: A short range projectile includes a metal jacket, which surrounds a plastic material core and has an external diameter up to about 0.4% larger than the diameter of a normal projectile of the caliber involved and an axial length of about 2 to 3.5 times the diameter of the projectile.

Abstract: A bullet for a rifle. The bullet having a nose, a cylindrical body surface, a rotating band section spaced from the cylindrical body surface. A streamlined section disposed between the rotating band section and the cylindrical body surface. The streamlined section is made up of a frustoconical front section, an apex and a base having a base joining the cylindrical body section, a frustoconical rear section having an apex joining the apex of the frustoconical front section and the frustoconical rear section having a base joining the rotating band section and a boat tail bullet. The streamlined part of the bullet improves the range, stability, velocity and trajectory of the bullet. A machine is disclosed for manufacturing the bullet.

Abstract: A composite lead-free bullet is disclosed comprising a heavy constituents selected from the group of tungsten, tungsten carbide, carballoy, and ferro-tungsten and a second binder constituent consisting of either a metal alloy or a plastic blend.

Abstract: A lighter and faster bullet with a copper jacket and an aluminum core which is formed by first folding or rolling sheets of a thin metal such as aluminum foil into a cylinder and then inserting the cylinder into the jacket. The cylinder is then compressed within the bullet jacket without damaging the jacket by means of a bullet press. To increase the weight of the projectile, lead or other metals of different specific gravities are added to the jacket prior to insertion of the cylinder and compression.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projectile that has high velocity at short range. The projectile has a body of material that is lighter, more lubricous and more deformable than a partial Jacket on the rearward portion of the projectile. The jacket defines an annular array of apertures on the outer diametrical surface of the jacket and the body has peripheral zones that extend into the apertures far enough to be flush with the outer diametrical surface. The peripheral zones not only provide a physical lock between the body and jacket but also lubricate the interface between the projectile and the gun barrel along which the projectile travels during firing of a gun. The apertures are configured to allow the body to erupt radially outward through the jacket's side wall and form a relatively wide, shallow dispersal pattern when the projectile impacts a target. An optional core within the plastic body enhances the body's radially outward dispersal upon the projectile's impact with a target.

Abstract: A jacketed hollow point bullet having a lead core and the method of making same with the core having a downwardly extending cavity having side portions terminating adjacent the peripheral edge of the jacket, with slits being formed in the peripheral edge of the jacket and down through the adjacent side portions of the core.

Abstract: A novel multi-slug bullet or round is provided that, through the use of flat-faced abutting end walls of successive cylindrical slugs, tightly packed above the powder charge in the cartridge casing, and appropriate fast-burning powder charge tailored to the weight of the multiple slugs, achieves multiple-hit stopping power within self-defense ranges and the like with greatly reduced penetration and thus minimal chance of lethality or collateral damage. With a single firing, multiple hits over a controlled area are achieved, materially lessening the requirement for precise aiming, reducing the amount of ammunition and the number of firings required in use, and reducing recoil, while eliminating ricochet effects.

Abstract: A full metal jacket hollow point bullet is disclosed which has a portion of the jacket extending within the hollow open front end of the bullet. The portion of the jacket in the hollow front end has a plurality of radial slits and reinforced pointed prongs therebetween. A rearwardly extending completely empty blind bore extends from the tips of the prongs axially rearwardly into the bullet core. The base of each of the prongs is reinforced at the mouth of the front end by a fillet on each side between the ogive portion of the jacket and the base of the prong in the hollow front end. These prongs project generally radially outward upon upset of the bullet in soft tissue after passing through barrier materials such as clothing and deer hide.The jacket has a coating of copper oxide on its inner and outer surfaces which bonds the soft lead core to the jacket and minimizes lead wash.

Abstract: Environmentally improved alternatives to lead shot are provided that overcoat a lead coat with a chemically inert polymer bonded thereto by heating lead shot coated with the polymer above the melting point of the lead shot, or by substituting for lead a combination of dense metal and light metal, and either a core/coating bimetallic sphere relationship or a matrix of light metal provided with powder of a heavy metal embedded therein. The composite shot exhibits a density similar to that of lead.

Abstract: The invention is an improved partially jacketed projectile intended for small arms use. The projectile includes a central stem integral with a rear wall of the projectile, the rear wall in turn being integral with the partial jacket. A core surrounding the stem and encased by the jacket is softer than the material forming the stem, rear wall and jacket. The jacket retards core petalling during initial projectile impact whereas the rear wall configuration enhances petalling when the projectile achieves subsequent target penetration.

Abstract: A projectile (1) for a cartridge for hand-held firearms comprises a core (2) and a core jacket (3). The core (2) is made of a material which has a higher specific gravity than the material of the jacket (3). The core (2) and the jacket (3) are positively interconnected.In order to achieve a high penetrating power and a man-stopping effect and to ensure that the trajectory will be relatively short in case of a miss, the core (2) of the projectile is integrally formed on its periphery with deformed portions (6), which extend radially outwardly within a diameter range which is determined by the maximum core diameter and serve to establish a positive joint with the core jacket (3), and in a manner known per se the core jacket (3) is open toward the tip of the projectile.

Abstract: A full metal jacket hollow point bullet is disclosed which has the jacket extending fully within the hollow open front end of the bullet. A plurality of radial slits through the jacket within the hollow front end extend from the axis to the mouth of the hollow front end. These slits form prongs therebetween which project outward upon upset of the bullet in soft tissue.

Abstract: A high penetration bullet is provided which is made of lead and is of one piece construction. The nose of the bullet includes an outer nose portion, including an external, shaped (e.g., ogive) surface which gives the tip of the nose of the bullet its basic shape, and an inner nose portion including an internal, shaped (e.g., ogive) surface. The outer and inner nose portions are separated by a thin layer of a lubricant which is trapped between adjacent surfaces of the two nose portions when the stem or neck of an intermediate stage bullet element is peened over the inner nose portion during the formation of the outer nose portion. As a consequence of this construction, upon impact of the bullet with a target, the outer nose portion will decelerate and be impacted from behind by the trailing mass of the remainder of the bullet.

Abstract: An elongate projectile for small arms use has a single unitary mass with a hollow nose cavity defined by a sharp rigid cutting edge adapted to make initial contact with the target surface and cut therethrough. The projectile then enters the target mass in an unstable flight mode. The projectile base is substantially solid such that the nose cavity, while relatively deep, does not extend entirely through the base and the projectile center of gravity is aft of its geometric center.

Abstract: The invention is a jacketed projectile for a round of ammunition wherein the jacket is deformed at least partially elastically when the projectile is driven through the barrel of a gun, the core of the projectile remaining undeformed.

Abstract: Low-recoil projectile with high stopping power, essentially made of at least two components, i.e. a hollow casing (2) made of a hard material and a core (3) made of a rigid material having a lower density than the casing (2) characterized in that the proportions of the lengths of the constituent parts of the projectile are: for the head (4), between 1.5 and 3 times the caliber dimension, for the cylindrical part (5) between 0.7 and 2 times the caliber dimension, and for the rear conical part (6) between 0 and 1 times the caliber dimension, the ratio 1/d (length versus caliber dimension) being situated between 2 and 3 and the center of gravity (7) of the projectile being situated in said cylindrical part of the projectile.

Abstract: A projecetile for firing in a gun barrel has a jacket and a load. A bearing leeve is mounted in the jacket and the jacket is of a different material than the bearing sleeve. A journal sleeve is mounted in the bearing sleeve to axially rotate therein. The load is mounted in the journal sleeve to rotate therewith. Thus angular rotation of the load with respect to the gun barrel is reduced.